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NGHIEN ClJU TRAO DOI DAO TAO GIAO VIEN SUf DUNG VA SAN XUAT TAI NGUYEN GIAO DUG MOI DANG PHUONG PHAP DAO TAO TRU C TUYEN TSQau M$nh Hoan Trung tam Hoc lieu, TrUdng Dat hpc Quing Binh Tom tat Ngay nay,[.]
NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO DOI DAO TAO GIAO VIEN SUf DUNG VA SAN XUAT TAI NGUYEN GIAO DUG MOI DANG PHUONG PHAP DAO TAO T R U C TUYEN TSQau M$nh Hoan Trung tam Hoc lieu, TrUdng Dat hpc Quing Binh Tom tat: Ngay nay, dao tao true tuyen da trd mot phUdng phap dao t$o biin va mang l$i hieu qui cao giao due Tai nguydn giao due md la mot cdng ngh$ da.y hoc mdi ed nang hS trd giao vidn day hoe true tuyin Ddi vdi giao due, hieu qui ciia hoat dong d$y hpc phu thuoc vao vai trd eOa giio vien, ddi ngu giao vidn cd vai trd vd cung quan trong hoat ddng dao tao, ngudi giio vien tac ddng tich cue din viec d$y hoc cac trudng hpc va mang lai hieu qui giao due eao Chinh vl v$y, cac trudng d^i hoc va eac to chUe giao due cin ed ehien lupc de dao tao ngudi si) dung vi phat triin tai nguydn giao due md, thdng qua dd di nang cao hidu qui va chit lUdng giao dijc Trong bai viit nay, tic giii de c^p din vin di dao tao giao vidn sQ dung va sin xuit tai nguyen giao due md bing phUdng phip dao tao trUc tuyin, phUdng phap dUpc xem la mdt each tiep e$n nhanh nhit di ngudi giio vidn tiip thu dUdc edng nghe cung nhu khac phuc giii phap thiiu chuydn gia dao t^o thdi diem hien d nUdc ta Tii khoa: tai nguydn gi^o dye md; d^o t^o giao vidn; dao tao tri/c tuyen Online training for teachers on open educational resource usage and production Abstract: Today, online training has become a popular and highly effective training method education Open Educational Resource is a new teaching technology supporting teachers in onl teaching In education activity, the effectiveness of teaching depends on the teachers as they pl a very important role in training and education The teachers bring positive impacts to teachin activities at schools as well as to high educational efficiency Therefore, universities and education institutions need to build strategies to train users and develop open educational resources to improv the efficiency and quality of education In this article, the author identifies issues in training teachers to use and produce open educational resources by online training which is considered to be the fastest approach for teache to acquire technology as well as overcome the issue of lacking training specialists in Vietnam a present Keywords: open educational resources; teacher training; online training Mddiu la mdt nguon tai nguyen thdng tin quan Tai nguySn giao due md (tieng Anh la trgng cd gia trj giao due dai hpc Open Educational Resources, vi^t tat la OER) OER da trd mot cdng nghe day hoc THONG TIN VA T U LIEU - 5/2018 111 NGHIEN Cl)U - TRAO DOI mfii, thu hilt nhieu td chile giao due tren thS giai quan tSim ap dung OER co t h i ho trd giao viSn phat trien tot nang luc cua minh day hoc, nhat la d^y hoc true tuy^n, mang lai hieu qua giao due cao Tuy nhien, OER dUdc phat trien thong qua cae td chiJc doc lap ma khong phSi la djnh hudng ban dau cua nganh giao due Vi vay, dpi ngu chuyen gia va giao vien phat trien OER rSt khan hiem Dieu cung la mot thach thilc ldn hien d Viet Nam qua trinh tiep can va khai thac cong nghe Cac cd sS giao due cung nhu cae trudng dai hoe ehua co chien luoc d4o tao ngUdl sCf dung va phat triin OER De phong trao sil dung va phat triin OER tai Viet Nam theo kip the gidi va khai thac co hi§u qua thi eac co sd giao due can cd nhOng giSi phap thich hdp de nhanh chong tiep can cdng nghe mdi VI vay, dao tao giao vien SLf dung va san xuat OER thong qua dao tao true tuyen dUdc xem la each tiep can nhanh nhat d l ngudi giao vi6n tiep thu duoc cdng nghe cung nhu khae phuc gl4i phap thieu chuyen gia dao tao thdi diim hien S nude ta Tai nguyen giao due md va nhOng thach thurc Tai nguyen giao due md dUdc gidi thieu lan d^u vao nam 2002 tai dien dan ve tac dpng cija chuong trinh hpc md cho giao due dai hpc d cac nude dang phat triin Mue tiau ei!ia phong trao hudng tdi OER la Idi ieh cdng cpng thdng qua he thong cdng nghe noi chung va mang toan eau ndi rieng de cung cap eac cd hpi cho mpi ngudi chia s6, sCf dung va si!f dung lai kien thilc [VOER] OER da nhanh chong dUde cdng nhan la tai lieu giao due bao gdm cae phan cd ban cua giao due - npi dung va cac cong cu eho viee gi^ng day, hpe tap va nghlSn cClu OER dUde chia si cdng khai va tu eho tat ea mpi ngUdi sCt dung OER ap dung eac nguyen tac cong khai - dac biet la quyen tu sD dung kho dQ lieu sd da dUde tich luy, qua dd ngudi dung cd the nghien cCfu va dieu chinh d l mang lai ldi feh mdi ma khdng han ehe k h j nang ngudi khac sCr dung chung [OECD, 2007], 12| THONG TIN VATU LIEU-5/2018 SU phat triin eua OER cang gia tang va nd trd mpt phUdng tien chia se cae nguon liJc thdng tin dpc dao va thu vj, mang lai nhieu eo hpi cung nhu ldi ich cho nhOng ddi tUdng tidp c$n nd Tuy nhiSn d l OER ed t h i phat trien nhanh ehdng va ben vOng thi vai tro cCia giao vifin la rat quan trpng va dong vai tro quydt djnh Ngay nay, OER da trd cdng cu h6 tro dac lUe trpng day hpe Qua trinh day hpc SLf dung OER tao nen sU gan ket gifla ly thuydt va thuc tien, n4ng cao chat lupng day hpe va tao nhOng tien bd dang ke cac hoat ddng giao due ndi ehung \ii eac boat dpng kinh te, xa hpi va khoa hpc ndi rieng Viee sCf dung OER giao due se giup cho ngudi giao vidn luon ed the hpe tap, nghiSn eCtu, tim tdi va hpe hdi d l kliong ngCJng nang cao trinh dp, nam bat tiep can vdi khoa hpc edng nghe, khai thac sS dyng cung nhu phat trien cao cdng cu hpc tap mdi OER giup giao vidn tao cac tai lieu giang day hOu ieh, nang cao chat iudng day hpe cua minh, qua dd nhan thay rang cd mpt cdng dong nhOng ngUdi khai thac sd dung ngudn tai nguyen giao due md phong phu va da dang Dao tao thdng qua OER tao nhOng ky nSng mdi ddi vdi giao vien thdng qua Internet va cac dich vg sd Dao tap cung cho phep giao vien xem cae chuong trinh hpc md nhu mpt ph^n cua the gidi rpng Idn tri thijfc nhan loai d l giup giao vien tiep can vdi tri thdc mdi phuc vu giang day va hpe t|ip Bdn canh nhijng thuan loi ve Uu diem va tiem nang de phuc vu giao due thi OER tai Vidt Nam dang ddi dien vdi nhCfng kho khan thuc te Khd khSn Idn nh^t ddi vdi OER bdi c&nh hien dd 1^ chua cd nhQng gi^i phap va chinh sach cy the d l cac trudng dai hpc thuc hidn Cho ddn thdi d l l m cac nude trdn the gidi da cd nhieu ehinh sach va giai phap thuc hien d l phat triin ve tai nguyen giao due md thi ehung ta v§n chi mdi thdm nhcip v^ tim hudng di dung eho su phat trien ma thieu sU chu tri eCia cae cd quan nganh giao due Cac trudng dai hpc edn ehua quan tam, chua ehu trpng den OER, NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI va mdt thUe te nhieu giao vien tham chi edn chua biet den tai nguyen giao due md la gi Van de cham tiep can cac xu the mdi, edng nghe mdi giao due cung la mdt ckn trd khdng nhd doi vdi viec phat trien OER Ben canh dd, cac tradng dai hpc chua manh dgn d l thay ddi chUOng trinh phu hop vdi nhu cau thiic tien Viec day hpe theo ehUdng trinh djnh san va it cap nh|it dan den nhieu giao vien khdng nam bat va khai thac tai nguyen giao due md vao qua trinh day hpc Mot rao Ccin khdng nhd nOa la van de nh|in thufe ve b&n quyen va su chia s^ tai nguyen giao due cua giing vien edn rat han ch^, Snh hudng rat Idn den su chia sd cung nhu tai sCf dung tri thLfc giao due Cd b^n hien nay, OER deu bang ngdn ngO tieng Anh, ma mat bang trinh dO ngoai ngQ eua giao vien ehua cao, dd tao nhOng khd khan viec khai thac va sCf dung OER Chinh nhQng khd khan ndi tren da anh hudng khdng nhd den sii phat trien ban d^u cung nhu phat triin ben vUng cua tai nguyen giao due md tai Viet Nam De ed the theo kip eae nude tren the gidi thi eac trudng dai hpc edn cd gilii phap dao tao dpi ngu giao vien hieu biet thiic sU ve tai nguyen giao due md de dao tao lai nhUng th^ he sau v6 khai thac va si!f dung cung nhu phat trien ve tai nguyen giao due md Dao tao tri/c tuyen va nhQng liu diem Dao tao true tuydn, dac biet la sCf dung OER da trd mdt phUdng phap dao tao ph6 bi^n giao due the gidi Phong trao dao tao triic tuyen phat trien manh va trd mpt cdng cu dao tao hUu hieu giao due Uu diem cua hinh thUc dao tao la ngudi hpc nhan dUdc tri thCre tU nhieu nguon khac nhau, nhidu ngdn ngO khac bdi vi nd khai thac OER va dieu lam eho nguon tri thiic va kinh nghiem cang trd n§n phong phu va da dang Cac khda dao tao true tuyen eho phep ngudi hpc lUa chpn noi dung hpc tap mdt each linh hoat, ngudi hpc cd the tham gia hpc tap bat eCf thdi gian nao Dao tao true tuyen giup ngUdi hpe tiep can vdi khoa hpc va cdng nghe, cai thien giao due cdng ddng, cd the md rdng doi tUdng ngudi hpc Ben canh dd dao tao true tuyen cung lam eho ngUdi giao vien ed them ky nang giang day true tuyen, ed t h i lai ghep ndi dung, sCf dung nhUng ky thuat mdi nhat va ngUdi giao vien ed the hudng dan ngUdi hpe tU bat cU dau, tiet kiem thdi gian di lai, tiet kiem cac kinh phi khac [Butrymowicz, S 2012] Thiie ti§n ap dung thdi gian qua da eho thay, dao tao true tuyen tao nhidu cd hpi de dao tao giao vien gioi, ed trinh dp, ddng thdi giup hp tham gia vao qua trinh hpe tap mot each lau dai Dao tao true tuy^n se tao dieu kien eho cae giao vien hudng dan tap the, dao tao dUdc nhieu doi tUdng va cd the giai quyet van de thieu giao vi^n d mdt so ndi Dieu se phij hdp vdi qua trinh dao tao ngudi sCf dung va phat trien OER hien nay, each thUc cd the lap day khoang trdng ma nhu cau giao vien OER thieu PhUdng phap dao tao ddng thdi edn ed the phat huy dUde vai trd eua cac chuydn gia OER gidi ma khdng ed dieu kien den giang day true tiep Qua trinh dao tao true tuydn se giup giao vien tiep can cae ehUdng trinh hpc md cdng ddng md Xu the dao tao true tuyen sii dung OER trd mpt xu the dao tao tat yeu giao due va phat triin mot tang nhanh Vai tro cija giao vien ddi vdi sU phat trien cua tai nguyen giao due m d Dao tao ky nang eho giao vien thdi dai khoa hpe ky thuat bung no la vd cung quan trpng bdi vi kha nang, pham chat va trinh dd cua giao vien gdp phan quyet dinh den ehat lUdng hpc sinh va chat lUdng giao due Mudn doi mdi giao due, nang cao chat lUdng thi dao tao giao vien la ydu cau hang dau eac nhiem vu phai lam Day hpc cd SLf dung OER la mpt edng nghe mdi, dd dpi ngu giao vien cd vai trd vd cung quan trpng viec khai thac, si!f dung, tao san pham mdi cung nhu tuyen truydn mdt each sau rdng den mpi ngUdi San pham cua nganh giao due tac ddng den mpi hoat dpng kinh te xa hdi, day hpe la mdt nghe dac thu ddi hdi eao ve tri tue va THONG TIN VATU LIEU-5/2018 |13 NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO DOI khdng ngUng nang cao trinh dp neu khdng bi^t tu hpc va cap nhat tri thLfc 6i hoan thien ban than Vai trd eua ngUdi giao vien se ddng gdp dang ke cho tri thUc xa hdi va ket qua cung tac ddng trd lai giup cho nen giao due phat triin tot hdn, B&n than ngudi giao vien ludn hpe t§p, nghien cUu, tim tdi va hpc hdi de khdng ngUng nang cao trinh dp, nam bat tiep can vdi khoa hpc cdng nghe, khai thac sii dung cung nhu phat trien cac edng eu hpc tap mdi, qua dd tao cae tai lieu giang day hUu ich Nang eao trinh dp giao vifen trd mdt ydu eau bat budc khdng chi vdi ca nhan moi giao vien ma trd yeu cau doi vdi cac cd sd giao due va la yeu cau eua xa hpi Yeu cau cang quan trpng doi vdi cae nude dang doi mdi giao due, bdi khoa hoc va cdng nghe trd cdng cu ho trd dae lUe day hpc va giup giao vien dat dUde muc tieu day hpc cung nhu nhieu mue tieu khac Vi vay, dieu quan trpng la giao vien phai tiep can va nam vUng cac edng eu va edng nghe dd, cd nhu the thi cac cdng nghe mdi tiep tyc phat trien manh hdn OER la mdt cdng nghe mdi, dUdc nhieu to ehUc giao due ap dung va mang lai hieu qu& cao giao due Viec si!r dung OER da thuc sU tang them tiem nang giao due, lam cho viec day hpc cd y nghTa hdn, da dang hdn, phat huy kha nang nghien cUu ddc lap CLia sinh vien, giup giao vien tiep can vdi nhieu tri thUc mdi [Geser G, 2012] Qua trinh tao san pham OER cd t h i dUde thue hi^n tU nhieu hudng, OER ed the dUdc tao bdi cac ea nhan hay cpng dong hoac tu cac he thdng giao due chuyen xuong, nhien ch^t lUdng cua chung vSn hoan toan ngudi giao vien quyet djnh Trdn the gidi da cd nhidu trudng dai hpe sii dung giang vien eua minh de s^n xuat tai lieu cCia hp va qua dd phat trien ngudi dCing Giao vien la nhan td quan trong, cot Idi de thuc day va tao dieu ki§n eho qua trinh tiep c§n cung nhu khai thac sii dung tai nguyen giao due md Giao vien true tiep khai thac SLf dung ngudn tai nguyen nen giao vien trd cdng eu de danh gia cae nguon tai li§u [Hylen J, 2009] Day chinh la 14| THONG TIN VATU LIEU-5/2018 cd sd de xem xet mdt tai nguyen giao dye md ed dap Cfng dUdc myc tieu giao due hay khdng, tai nguydn cd dUdc edng nhSn va phat triin OER md hay khdng Vl vay, giao vien la edng cu de tao nen su cdng cua OER, la ddng luc thuc d^y viec md rpng, tuyen truyen sijl dung OER Bdi vi chinh ho la nhUng ngUdi true tiep si!f dyng va d&m blio cho vigc sil dung OER de giang day va hoan eac nhiem vy hpc tap, la nhCng ngUdi tiep xuc true tiep vdi sinh vien qua eac npi dung giang day khac NhU vay, cd the n6i giao vien va OER tUdng tae va bo trd cho nhau, cung phat triin, moi doi tUdng xem nhu la mdt niia chinh t h i lam nen su tdn tai va phat trien tai nguyen giao dye m6 Chinh VI vay, can dao tao giao vien de sCr dung va s^n xuat OER, cd nhu vay mdi thuc day su phat trien cija OER mdt each manh me va ben vQng Giai phap dao tao giao vien OER bang phUdng phap triic tuyen Trong phong trao sii dung OER trgn the gidi da phat trien manh me thi dnudcta viee SLf dyng OER dang edn han eh^ Hi^n nay, ehi cd mdt sd it giao vien va mdt so trudng dai hpc quan tam den OER; da so giao vien dang gicing d^y true tiep lai khdng quen thudc vdi OER Nhiem vy quan trpng va cap bach dd la giup giao vien hieu, nhan tam quan trpng cOa OER, ddng thdi dao tao hp SLf dyng va Scin xuat OER mdt each nhanh nhat Mdt cac gi&i phap hdp ly nhat eho thuc te la dao tao true tuy^n PhUdng phap dao tao true tuyen dang dan trd nhu mot phUdng phap dao tao chinh cac cd sd giao dye V6i tiem nang va uu diem cua phUdng phap dao t^o true tuyen, nhieu trUdng dai hpc tren the gidi da sii dyng de phat trien dpi ngu giao vien cua minh viec tiep can ndi dung thdng qua OER [Misra P.K, 2014] 4.7 Xay dufng muc tieu va chi/dng trinh dao t^o Giong nhu phUdng phap dao tao truydn thdng, nhiem vy dau tien dd la xac djnh muc tidu, sau dd xay dung ehUdng trinh NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI dao tao Muc tieu cija viec dao tao ngUdl SLf dung va san xuat OER la giup cho ngUdl hpc nam dUde cac npi dung va doi tUdng OER, eae djnh nghTa ve OER, giay phep md, vv; biet dupe muc tieu va Ipi ich cCia vide SLf dung OER; sU khae bidt chinh glOa OER va cac tai lieu true tuyen khac Qua trinh hpe se tidp can duoc xu hudng phat trien va nhOng thach thCfe eCa phong trao OER Sau khda hpc ngUdi hpe phSl nam dUde qua trinh sJn xuat, luu thong cila OER Chuong trinh dap tap trUc tuyen bao gom eac npi dung va hoat ddng khac thdng qua cae md-dun hpc tap tijy thudc vao tC/ng chuong trinh giao due cu t h i Xay dung chudng trinh khung dao tao giao vidn sU dung va san xuat OER bao gdm ea npi dung gi^ng day va hpc tap [Misra P.K, 2012] 4.2 Diia noi dung OER vao mo-dun dau tien chUdng trinh dao tao Vide truyen thu kien thLfc ve sCf dung OER giai doan dau cua qua trinh dao tao sd giup ngudi hpe si!f dung nd sudt qua trinh hpc tap va sau OER cd t h i hd trp ngudi hpc phat triin tdt nang luc CLia minh, ddng thdi tac dpng tfch eUc den viec day hpe va mang lai hidu qua giao due cao VI vay dua ndi dung ve OER ndi dung dao tao dau tien cae chudng trinh dao tao sd phat huy dUdc nhOng ldi the ma OER mang lai giao due 4.3 XBy dung l