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NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG TO CHUfC HOAT DONG TUf HOC V0I Sir H O TROI CUA BAI TAP V A T LY L§ Minh Thuan Trudng Bgi hpc Tiin Giang SUMMARY To meet the requirements of fundamental and general changes of ed[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG TO CHUfC HOAT DONG TUf HOC V0I Sir H O TROI CUA BAI TAP V A T LY L§ Minh Thuan Trudng Bgi hpc Tiin Giang SUMMARY To meet the requirements of fundamental and general changes of education, the innovation of teaching methods should orient students to the organization of training and fostering thinking capacity, cognition and solving problem ability Therefore, teaching process is such an organized self-taught activity that helps students be self-control and creative The organizing ofself-stuify activity with the enhancement of Physics exercises is an important and decisive method that can meet the above requests Tir khda: Physics exercises, the innovation of teaching methods Nlipn bdi ngdy 20/4/2014, duypt dang ngdy 5/5/2014 T y hgc va vai tro ciia bai tgp Vgt ly (BTVL) ho trgr hogt dgng t y hoc 1.1 Khdi niem tu hpc Tir cac khai niem cua eac tac gia Nguyin Canh Toan, Nguyin Ky, Trdn Phuong, Vu Van Tao, chung toi nhan thay cac tac gia deu thdng nhdt rdng: Tu hpc Id qud trinh tugidc, tich cue, ddc lap chiim linh tri thiec, hinh thdnh ky ndng, ky xdo cua chinh bdn thdn ngirdi hpc Trong qud trinh do, ngudi hpc thue su la chu thi cua qud trinh nhdn thiec no luc huy dpng cdc chuc ndng tdm ly, tien hdnh hogt dpng nhdn thirc nham dgt dupe muc tieu dd dinh Tu hpc Id "npi luc " quyet dinh chdl luong hpc tap, sdng tgo cho hdm noy vd mai sau 1.2 Vai tro cua bdi tap Vdt ly (BTVL) Bdi tap Vdl ly Id phuong tien ren luypn cho hpc sinh ky ndng thu thdp vd xu ly thdng tin Khi giai BT qua phan tich hien tugng lien quan BT, HS phai huy ddng dugc ngudn kiln thue lien quan: cac dinh nghia, cac khai nifm, cae thuygt vat ly, cac cdng thiic de giai BT Qua dd ren luyfn cho cac em ky nang thu thap thong tin: biet lya chgn, huy ddng, sap xep thdng tin dk giai quylt nhiing nhifm vu dugc dua BT Khi cd sy hd trg BTVL thl HS phai di tir viec nghien ciiu dau bai den tim dugc kit luan va van dung nhiing ket lugn vao thyc tiln cudc song De lam dugc dieu HS phai trai qua mgt logt cac qua trinh nhu TAP CHi THlfr BI GIAO OgC- Sd 105 - 5/2014 thu thap thdng tin, xii ly thdng tin, van dung tri thiic vao thyc tiln, so sanh, ddi chieu ket qua thu nhan dugc dl di din nh&ng kit luSn dung Tuong ling vdi nhung qua trinh dd thi BTVL se giiip ren luyfn cho HS nhQng ky nang nhu: thu thap thdng tin, xii ly thdng tin, vgn dyng nhung tri thiic thu nhan dugc vao thyc tiln, tu kiem tra danh gia va ty dilu chinh Vdi sy da dang va phong phu ciia nhieu nguon thong tin hifn nay, nhung lai yeu cdu mgt khoang thdi gian ngdn nhdt djnh HS phai dap ung dugc nhung nhifm vu hgc tap cy thg Vifc doi hoi HS phai bilt each thu thgp, sdp xep nhfmg thong tin that sy can thilt cd Hen quan din van dl dat' Va BTVL la phuong tifn tdt dl giiip HS ren luyen nhihig ky nang Sau ngudi hgc da thu thgp ddy dii nhihig thong tin can thilt cho mgt cdng vifc nao thi bude tilp theo la di xir ly nhung thdng tin Khi tien hanh xii ly nhihig thdng tin, ngudi hoc biet lya chgn, sap xep, phan logi thdng tin Vdi BTVL, sau xae djnh dugc nhung dgi lugng da cho va can tim nhung dgi lugng nao, thi tiln hanh giai cac BTVL ddi hdi ngudi hgc phai thyc hifn mgt hay mdt loat cac thao tac Cd hai loai thao tac ma ngudi hge se tiln hanh giai BTVL dd la thao tac chan tay \h thao tac tu Trong thao tae chan tay thi nguW hoc se sir dung nhihig cdng cy, phuang tifn v§t chat nhu: mat, tay, dung cy thf nghiem, , thao NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG tac tu hoan toan dien nao bao gbm cac thao tac: phan tieh, tong hgp, so sanh, suy lugn, - Bdi lap Vdt ly Id phuong tipn ren liryen cho hpc sinh k^ ndng vgn d\ing tri thirc vdo thue tien Sau da thu thsip va xd ly thdng tin, bude tiep theo la ngudi hgc phai van dyng nhihig tri thue dd vao thyc tien Qua do, giup cho ngudi hgc hieu sau sac kien thue hon va nhSn thurc thyc tien rS rang hon Thdng qua su van dung cung CO thl giiip cho ngudi hgc thu nhan, kham pha nhung kign thirc mdi, nhiing hf qua mdi Doi vdi bf mdn Vat l^, la mdt mdn khoa hgc thyc nghifm nen nhung kien thiic Vat ly thudng cd lien quan chat chg vdi ky thuSt va ddi s6ng Qua BTVL cd the ren luyen cho HS nhung kj* nang sau: Ky nang van dung nhung kien thiic da biet de giai thich nhung hifn tugng thue te Vi dy: hifn tugng sam set, hifn tugng cau vdng, hifn tugng nhat thyc, nguyft thyc; Ky nang van dyng nhihig cdng thirc tinh toan dl giai BT mgt each nhanh va chfnh xdc nhat; Ky nang che tao, thilt kl nhiing thiet bj don gian ddi song; Ky nang tim hieu nhihig iing dung cua Vat 1^ kS* thuat va ddi song - Bdi tgp Vdt ly Id phuong tien ren luypn cho hpc sinh ky ndng tie kiem tra ddnh gid Nhu da ndi d tren, ky nang ty kilm tra, danh gia va ty dieu chinh la rat quan trgng doi vdi moi ngudi, vi thdng aua k j nang ngudi hgc CO the ty danh gia de bilt mirc ndm va vgn dyng kiln thirc ciia ban than de ty dieu chinh each hgc cho dat hifu qua han Chfnh vi vay, qua trinh day hge Vat ly, day la ky nang ma GV can ren luyfn cho HS Bdi vi, ky nang kh6ng nhung giiip cae em biet dugc qua trinh ty hgc cua minh dgt den miic nao ma c6n giiip cac em cd dugc nhihig bifn phap dieu ehinh thich hgp de qua ti-inh ty hgc dgt hifu qua eao hon Cy the, giai BTVL ed thl ren luyfn cho HS ky nang ty kilm tra danh gia va ty dieu chinh dudi nhilu hinh thiic khae nhu: BT ty lugn ho$c ty kilm tra qua vifc van dung kien thtic de lam BT thyc hanh, giai quyet cac van de thyc tien dat Tuy nhien, ky nang ddi hdi ngudi hgc phai cd tinh ty giac cao, phai xay dyng cac tigu chf va chgn cdng eu kilm tra, danh gia phii hgp de nhgn dugc nhimg sai sdt, nhjng yeu kem cua minh Bgn eanh dd HS ciing phai biet xac djnh mirc cdng ciia cdng vifc cua minh, mat nao cdng, mat nao han che, dl tir dd tim nguyen nhan va hudng khdc phyc hay phat huy, ty digu ehinh vifc hgc cua ehinh cac em He thong BTVL va sir dung BTVL ho trg* hoait dgng ty hgc Can cu vao nguyen tac xay dung va quy trinh xay dung he thong BTVL, chiing tdi tien hanh xay dung hf th6ng BTVL phdn dao ddng CO va sdng co Vat ly 12 THPT bao gom 78 BT Vi du 1: Cho HS xem doan phim video ghi lgi cay cau TacomaNarrowsBridge (MT) xay dyng nam 1940 qua eo biln Tacoma dang dao dgng vao nd sap, yeu cau HS tra ldi cau hoi: Tgi cay cau dao dgng manh thl mgt thdi gian bi sap? dao dgng eua cay cau dugc ggi la dao dgng gi? • Dinh hudng ren luypn Aj? ndng cho HS Hinh 2.1: Dao dgng cay cdu Vdi BT se rgn lu^en cho HS ky nang thu thap, xii ly thdng tin Bdng quan sat cua minh, cac em se tra ldi dugc cau hdi ma GV dat D I HS hilu rd hon vl sy thay ddi dao dgng cua cay cdu, GV yeu cdu HS cho vi dy khae Din day GV cd thl khai quat va yeu edu HS neu lgn sy gidng d nhtmg vi dy vira neu HS suy nghT, tra ldi cau hdi va GV di den kit lugn • Gpi y sir d\ing BT GV CO thl dung BT diing dl hinh khai nifm ve dao dgng cua vat TAP CHi THlfrBIGlAOOgC-Sfi 105-5/2014 • ! NGHIEN CUU & CTNG DUNG Vi du 2: Cae em hay quan sat doan phim • Dfnh hudng ren luyen ky ndng cho HS video clip sau va cho bilt sdng dugc hinh Vdi BT se rgn luyfn cho HS ky nang thu nhu the nao? Cd nhimg dac digm gi? thap, xu ly thdng tin Bang quan sat ciia minh, cae em sS tra ldi dugc cau hdi ma GV dat De HS hilu rd hon vl dao dgng tdt ddn, GV ygu cdu HS cho vf dy khae Den day GV c6 the khai quat va yeu cau HS neu len sy giong d nhihig vf dy vira neu HS suy nghT, tra l^ cau hdi va GV di den ket luan • Gpiy su dung BT GV cd the diing BT dung de hinh khai nifm vl dao dgng tat dan ciia vat Hinh 2 Song tren mgt nuac Ket Iu3n • Dinh hudng ren luypn ky ndng cho HS Vdi he thong BTVL da xay dung, chung Vdi BT se ren luyfn cho HS ky nang thu tdi tign hanh thilt kl tien trinh dgy hgc Thyc thap, xir ly thdng tin Bdng quan sat cua minh, nghifm su phgm dS dugc tien hanh tai trudng eac em se tra ldi dugc cau hdi ma GV dat THPT Trdn Hung Dao tinh Tiln Giang Tir ket Bk HS hieu rd hon ve sdng co, GV ygu cdu HS cho vf du khae Den day GV cd the khai quat qua thdng ke diem so cac bai kiem tra cua hai va yeu cdu HS neu len sy gidng d nhiing vi Idp DC va TN cho thdy kit qua hgc t|p ciia du vua ngu HS suy nghT, tra Idi cau hdi va GV nhdm thyc nghiem cao hon ket qua hgc tap ciia nhdm DC di din kit lugn • Gpi y su dung BT Vifc td chiie hogt dgng ty hgc cho HS vdi sy GV cd the diing BT diing de hinh hd trg bai vat ly da gdp phdn doi mdi PPDH hifn khai nifm ve sdng co ciia vat nay, tang cudng sy himg thu, tfnh tfch eye, chu Vi dy 3: Cae em hay ngu eac hien tugng dgng, sang tao, ty hgc va ty nghien ciiu lign quan din bg phan giam xdc xe dtd nhu hinh 2.3 cac em cd nhgn xet gi tgi xe dtd lgi can qua trinh hge tap cua HS TCr dd giup cac em ITnh hgi kien thiic mgt each sau sac hon, c6 kha cd thiet bi giam xdc? nang van dung kiln thiic mft each chfnh xdc, linh hoat vao nhimg tinh hudng cu the hgc tap va ddi sdng Hinh 2.3: Cdu tgo bp phgn gidm xdc (gidm chdn) 34 • TAP CHi T H I ^ B I GIAO D g c - S - / Tai lifu tham khao Le Dinh, Trdn Huy Hoang (2005), Cosd khoa hpc cua viec bdi dudng ndng l\ec tu hpc, nghien ctru cho sinh viin suphgm ngdnh Vgt l Trudng Dai hgc Su phgm, DH Hue Nguyin Canh Toan (2001), Qud trinh dgy - tu hpc, NXB Giao dye, Ha Ngi Pham Hihi Tdng (2007), Dgy hgc Vgt ly d trudng phd thdng theo dinh hudng phdt trien hogt dpng hpc tich ciec, tie chd, sdng tgo vd khoa hpc, NXB Dgi hgc Su pham Ha Ngi