NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Sd DUnC PHUmiG P H H P SO SHRH DOI CHIEU TROOG O H I ! HOC TliHG VIET CHO HOC SIOH THCS HGllin 000 TOC THIEU SO 0 HV SUH, HGHE 00 ThS La Th! Thanh Huygn Truing PTDTbdn trd THCSNa[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Sd DUnC PHUmiG PHHP SO SHRH - DOI CHIEU TROOG OHI! HOC TliHG VIET CHO HOC SIOH THCS HGllin 000 TOC THIEU SO HV SUH, HGHE 00 ThS La Th! Thanh Huygn Truing PTDTbdn trd THCSNa Ngoi, KjrSffn, NghpAn ASTRACT Using comparison and contrast method has upgraded the quality and effectiveness of teaching Vietnamese Studies for students from Minority Groups at Secondary School To make the best me of the comparison and contrast method in teaching phonetics,vocabulary,grammar,communicati on, of Vietnamese Studies for the above ones, it is necessary to have certain required conditions related to programes,text books,teachers, mechanism of education management policies and social environment Tk khda: Phirong phdp so sdnh-dSi chiiu, tiing Viet, hpc sinh THCS, ddn tdc thiiu s6, Ky San Ngdy nhgn bdi: 4/4/2014, ngdy duypt ddng: 25/4/2014 Dat van de Stt dyng phuong phap (PP) so sanh - doi chilu (SS-DC) dl day hgc tieng Vift (TV) cho hgc sinh (HS) dan tdc thieu sd la mgt hogt dpng phu hgp vdi chu truong d6i mdi phuong phap dgy hpc (PPDH) hifn Trong dieu kifn ddi song khd khan, kiln thue va ky nang hgc van cua HS chua theo kip mat bang chung, vifc chgn eac PPDH phu hgp se gdp phdn nang eao chat lugng GD toan difn Su dung PP SS-DC dgy hgc TV cho HS dan tgc thieu so khdng don thuan thye hifn muc tieu day hgc TV, ma quan trgng hem, la nham phat trien nang lyc toan difn cho HS vung thilu thdn, kho khan Phuong phap SS-DC La PP nghien eiai ngdn ngtt hpc noi ehung va day hpc tieng ndi rieng Hieu mdt each chung nhat, SS-DC la qua trinh xac djnh nhiing diem ddng nhat va khae biet giua cac ddi tugng dl tim hilu, nhan thue dupe ban chat cua chung Trong day hpc TV, sir dung PP SS-DC dl tim nhDng diem gidng va khae giiJa cac hien tupng ngdn ngu, giiip HS nam dugc nhung tri thttc, k^ nang su dung TV tren cac ITnh vyc ngii am, ehfnh ta, tu ngtt, ngu nghTa, ngu phap, van ban, phong each, Ddi vdi viee day hgc TV cho HS dan tde thilu so, PP SS-DC day 20 • TAP CHi THIFTBI GIAO OyC-50 105-5/2014 hgc mon TV cdn ed tae dung giao dye song ngtt (day TV mdi quan hf vdi nang lye stt dung tilng mp de cua HS dan tdc thieu so) Stt dyng PP SS-DC mgt each hgp ly, theo hudng tilp c|tn ngng lyc ngudi hge, se giiip HS phan tich, so sanh, doi chilu gitta TV vdi tilng m? de vd ngupc igi, tiep nhgn tri thttc, ren luyfn k j nSng, giao due nhan each Thirc tien day hgc TV cho HS THCS ngirdi dan tgc Mdng d huyen Ky Son (Nghf An) Chiing tdi thay can phai cd mdt PP phu hpp vdi doi tugng HS dan tgc Ky Son giap vdi nude ban Lao, la mgt ba huyen cua Nghf An duoc xgp la huyfn ngheo nhdt ca nude, GD-DT nhieu khd khan, so dan 66.000 ngudi, chu yiu la dan tgc H'Mdng, Thai va KhoMu Trudc den trudng, nhieu HS ngudi dan tdc thieu so d Ky Son hau nhu chua ndi dugc TV mpt each thdng thudng Cac em co tam ly e ngai stt dyng TV vdn tu, k j nang su dung cdn yiu Neu gid hgc cd stt dung TV thi ngoai gid hpc, HS van su dyng tieng me de giao tiep Ben cgnh do, vifc day hpc TV cho HS qua mdn Ngu van chua dugc chu trpng dung mirc Ddng ca, y thue hgc TV cua HS ciing chua dupe gia dinh, cgng dong ngudi dan tdc quan tam Npi dung, PP, quy trinh dgy hgc va kilm tra, danh NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG gia ket qua dgy hgc TV cho HS khdng dugc ca the hda de phu hpp vdi ddi tugng Chuong trinh, sach giao khoa mdn Ngii' van dang duge dung chung, nhung cd nhieu HS dan tdc d Ky San ttt tieu hgc den THCS chua dgc thdng viet thao, day la lyc can cac em lai phai tiep tuc tiep nhgn nhung tri thttc, ky nang mdi ve TV nhu cac em ngudi Kinh Nhieu GV chua yen tam cdng tac, thieu sy hieu bilt ve dia ban dan t$c, cdn lung tung stt dung PPDH, chua biet tao httng thu cho HS, chua chu y to chttc hoat ddng nhdm theo ddi tupng HS ngudi dan tgc Sir dyng PP SS-DC de dgiy hge tir ngu TV mon Ngir van THCS d huyen Ky Scm qua vifc doi sanh vdi tieng dan tpcH'Mdng a De chudn hda phdt dm, cung cdp nhirng tri ihirc ve ngir dm TV, chung tdi da SS-DC vdi eac hifn tupng ngtt am tieng H'Mdng CJ cac huyfn bien gidi Nghf An, HS dan tpe H'Mdng biet ndi, viet dugc tilng H'Mdng bang nhieu dudng ty giac va khdng ty giac, nhung vifc su dyng thudng xuygn d gia dinh, cgng dong dan tgc da anh hudng den ehdt lugng, hifu qua vifc dgy TV eho HS Vi vgy, do! vdi GV Ngtt van, qua trinh dgy hge TV, can phai bilt tilng H'Mdng ^e SS-DC, dl chudn muc hda, tich cue hda, phong phu hda von ttt ndi chung va nhihig yeu to lien quan den chinh am, chfnh ta, ngtt doan, ngtt difu cho HS Tilng H'Mong la mgt thtt tilng khdng cd ddu, ngn vifc chudn hda each phat am TV thudng dugc GV so sanh, phan biet vdi tilng H'M6ng d tung trudng hgp cu thl Vf dy: kuv (ku)= tdi, chii- "v" dung cuoi ttt dugc dge nhu la ddu sdc; koj (kd) = ban , chu "J s, g" dttng cu6i ttt thi dugc dpe nhu ddu huyen; tus muam (ttt mua) = em gai, chu "m" dttng cuoi tu thi dugc dgc nhu ddu hoi; tus tub (tu tu) = trai, chu "b" dttng cu6i ttt thi dugc dgc nhu khdng dau; Hoac each dpe mgt so am: kawm ntawv (kan td) = di hge; van "aw" s6 dugc dgc nhu van "an" hoac "o" TV; qhov muag (kho mua): doi mdt; "qh" dugc dgc nhu "kh"; qhov txos (khd chd): Id nau com, "tx" dugc dgc nhu "eh"; SS-DC cung dl gittp HS tranh dugc sy lan Ipn vl ddu TV phat am (giiia ddu lan lOn vdi vdi ddu sdc: sdng sua —* sang sua; giua dau bang vdi dau trac va khdng ddu); sulanldn veam:oM—»im (tran—* tnm), udi —* oi (ttwi —* tdi, vixudi —* ve xoi ), ung —* ang (lung lay —*- lang lay), ich —* ip (nghich —*• nghip); su lan I0n vl phu am ddu: t —»c —* q (tdngqudn —> cung quan, cudi —* cdi, ), b —* v (bdu viu —*• vau viu) b Trong dgy hpc tu ngir, SS-DC dirpc sir dung giua TV vd tieng H'Mdng rdt cd hieu qud vipc cung cdp tri thue, ren luypn liy ndng, ldm phong phu hda vd tich c{rc hda, chudn m^c hoa von tir Vf du: Ngtt van 6, tigt 10 cua TV: "NghTa ctta tir", GV dgy "nghia cua tu la gi", sach giao khoa dua mdt sd ngtt lifu nhu: "tap quan": thdi quen cua mdt epng ddng (dia phuang, dan tgc,v.v ) dugc hinh ttt lau ddi s6ng, duge mgi ngudi lam theo; "lam lift": dOng, oai nghigm; "nao nung": lung lay, khong vttng Idng tin d minh ntta; Thyc each gidi thich dd cung hgp ly, nhung doi vdi HS thi su dyng nhung ttt ma HS chua hilu dl giai thich mgt ttt mdi iai la dilu bat cap Vi vay, ehttng tdi da ket hgp vdi each giai thich noi tren vdi vifc stt dung mgt so ttt d6ng nghTa tieng Mong de lam cho cac em nhgn difn tot han: "tap quan" : kev cai leej choj (ke chay lenh sd); "nao nung": sia kub; Trong bai tgp cua phan luyfn tap, chung tdi yeu eau HS tim kiem nhihig tu tieng Mdng co nghTa nhu TV: "hge tap": kauw, "hgc ldm": kauw raus; "hgc hoi": kauw noog; "hge hanh": kauw ua; Trong bai tap phdn luyen tap ctta bai hgc ed cac tu nhu: "trung gian": nruab nrab; "trung binh": ib yam; Viec su dyng tilng Mdng sy so sanh doi chieu vdi TV lam cho HS dl higu hon, thieh thtt hon va manh dan tiep tuc tim kigm cac vi du tuong tu giao tiep hang c Dgy hpc cdc hien tugng Hen qugn trgt tu tir, ngir phdp cQng cd the SS-DC giua tieng H'Mong vd TV Khae vdi trgt ty tu TV theo quan hf ngii doan, trgt ty tu cua tilng H'Mdng lgi cd hifn tugng dao ngugc mgt cau tnic tucmg dong vdi TV Tieng H'Mong ndi, viet, ed TAP CHi THifTBIGlAO Dye-S(S - / • l\ NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Cach sir dung kuv vdi koj dugc minh hga mdt so ngu canh sau Vi du, dogn thoai giira me: "Ao/ mus etab ntsi?" (Con di dau ve ddy?) va con: "/iTuv mus tsiv phooj ywg qhiv ntawv!" (Con sang nha bgn mugn sach ve a!) Dogn thoai giGa GV: "Koj ua eas nag huw tsis mus kawm ntawv?" (Vi hdm qua em khdng di hgc?) va hgc sinh: "Hunb no los nag, kuv tsis mus kawn ntawv" (Vi trdi mua ngn em khong the din trudng) Su- dung P P SS-DC dgy hgc TV la qua trinh tich hgp giira viec cung cap nhimg tri thirc, I ^ nang cua mdn hoc, vijra la qua trinh ren luyfn ky nang mem cho HS, gop phdn thue hien chfnh sach dan tdc, mien nui Tuy nhien, stt dung PP SS-DC, phai dam bao tinh giao due, phat triln va kha thi; khdng lam gid day hgc TV mgt gid day hgc tieng Mong; eac thao tac SS-DC phai phu hgp vdi von tri thttc, vdn song, each tu duy, dien dgt cua HS dan tgc thieu so Trong qua trinh thyc hien, GV phai cd thai dp tdn trpng, phat huy ban sac, phong d Su dling PP SS-DC cung phdt huy tdc each van hda tdt dep cua tilng dan tpe; phai am dung viec dgy hpc cdc hien tupng lien hieu phong tuc, dia ban day hpc, hieu bilt co quan den f