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NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG • 01 N 6 | P H V O N G P H A P D A Y H9C GOP PHAN NANG CAO CHAT LUDNG DAO TAO NGANH Y ?̂ i r /f Dli vdi dao tao ngdnh y, do cd nhdng dgc thu ri6ng nen cd ngudi day va ngudi hpc p[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG • N | P H V O N G P H A P D A Y - H9C GOP PHAN NANG CAO CHAT LUDNG DAO TAO NGANH Y -?^- i r -/f Dli vdi dao tao ngdnh y, cd nhdng dgc thu ri6ng nen cd ngudi day va ngudi hpc phdi chi^ dfng cflng tdc truyen dgt vd tilp cfn thdng tin; yeu to thyc hanh ludn dupc yeu cau song hdnh vdi 1^ thuyet Mo hinh kit h ^ ddo tgo gida Bfnh vifn - Trudng Y (Vien - Trudng) dd dupc nhilu dia phuang cua Vift Nam dp dyng cong vifc nang cao chit lupng ddo tgo ngdnh y ndi ehung De nang cao hon nda hi^u qud cua cong tdc ddo tgo cung nhu yfu clu dfi ngu gidng vien ngodi vifc khdng ngdng nang cao trinh df chuyen mdn cdn phdi thudng xuyf n dp dyng cdc phuang phdp (PP) mdi vdo gidng dgy Mft nhdng PP dd dupc kiem chdng tgi cac trudng dgi hpc hdng dau the gidi dd Id PP gidng dgy - hpc tgp chu dfng sS tgo nguon nhan lyc ngdnh y cd chit lupng, ddp dng dupc cdc ddi hdi cua xdhfi 1, Phuang phdp gidng dgy chi dgng (PPGDCD) dupc dCing d nhilu nudc dl chi nhttng PP gido dyc, dgy hpc tiieo hudng phdt huy tinh tfch cyc, chCi dfng, sdng tgo cua ngudi hpc "Chu dfng" PP gidng dgy ndy dupc dung vdi nghia Id hogt dgng, tich HgmSn Thj Qutnh Nga Trudng Bgi hgc Ykhoa Vinh cue, trdi nghia vdi b | dfng, thy dpng PPGDCD hudng tdi vifc hogt dfng hda, chu dfng hda hoat dfng nhfn thde cua ngudi hpc, nghia Id tfp trung vdo phat huy tinh chu dfng cua ngudi hpc chd khong phai la tgp trung vdo phdt huy tmh chu dfng cua ngudi dgy, nhien dl dgy hpc theo PP chu dfng thi gidng vien phai no lyc nhieu so vdi day theo PP thy dfng Vai ti^d cua PPGDCD tiieo quan diem giao d^c hifn dgi, khdng chi Id vifc truyin th^ kien tilde, cung cap thong tin don thuan md chinh la glup cho ngudi hpc ty mmh chiem linh tri tilde, hinh thdnh \s^ ndng vd boi dudng cam xue Kien thde ma ngudi hpc thu nhdn qua PPGDCD dupc nang len ve so lupng va chat lupng Ve so lupng, lupng thong tin GV chuan bj cho bdi gidng bdng PPGDCD kit hpp vdi sy ho trp cda cdng nghf bao gid cung day dli vd da dgng hon Ve chit lupng, PPGDCD giup GV chuyen tdi kiln thuc den ngudi hpc bdng nhieu kenh, kenh nghe kit hpp kenh nhin, tiido lufn, thyc nghifm se giup ngudi hpc dupc khdc sau kiln thde va nhd lau hon Doi vdi moi bai giang trudng y khflng nhdng ddi hdi ngudi giang vien phdi thiet kl day du nfi dung kien tilde ly tfii^lt ma cdn phdi cd tinh thyc te thflng qua cdc bai tfp tinh huong, md hinh hda nfi dung ly thuyet giup ngudi hpc dgt dupc cac myc tieu bai gidng Ngucri gidng vien cilng phdi tgo dupc cdc co hfi hpc tdp, thong qua cdc hogt dfng da dgng, kich thich SV kham phd, dp d^ng, phan tich vd ddnh gid cdc f tudng thflng qua cdc tinh hulng cy thi Hon thi nda, d$c thCi ngdnh, mft s l tilt gidng SV cln phdi dupc trye tilp thyc hdnh tren cdc md hlnh Ngupc lgi, SV trudng y cung dupc yeu cau cd co hfi dupc phdn bifn, nfu l€n cdc vln de dl xoay quanh cdc khdi nifm hay cac f tudng, td dd tien tdi giai quyet cdc van dl Ngudi hpc se cam thay ludn f thde dupc qud trinh hpc cua hp, hp dang hpc gi vd phdi hpc nhu thi ndo Day cung chfnh Id cdch nang cao cho ngudi hpc xay dyng dfng co hpc tfp va hlnh thdnh thdi quen hpc tgp suot ddi Coi ngudi hgc Id trung tam: Quan diem dgy hpc "lay ngudi hpc lam tmng tam" ddi hdi phdi xay dyng cdc hinh thuc to chdc dgy hpc vd cdc phucmg phdp dgy hpc (PPDH) phia hpp Cdc PPDH dupc sd dyng nhieu Nh^ bil ngiy 20/6/2013 • Ngiy duyft ding 25/7/2013 TAP Od T t i l ^ BIGlAO DMC-S6 96-8/2013 • 41 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG nhlt la PP neu vln de, dam thoai, tranh lugn, nghirai cdu tai lieu PPDH "lay ngucri hpc ldm trung tdm" cd tu tudng chu dgo la to chdc cho hpc vifn hoat dfng tich cyc, sang tao, lly ty hpc ldm chfnh; lay tap the de bo trp cho ca nhan; lay may mdc thilt bi lam phuong tifn; ldy tai lifu, SGK, bdng hinh va ty danh gid kit qud hpc tgp Vdi PP nay, hpc vien se cd sy chd dpng hon, cd tinh cdch, ty tin, bilt each hpc, biet each ldm, bilt cdch giao tilp xa hfi, biet each khdng djnh chan If, trd ngucri thyc te, thfch hogt dpng, dan din sy ndng dfng vd sdng tgo tu duy, hogt dpng cufc song Trong PPDH chu dpng, ngudi hpc dli tupng cda hogt dpng "dgy", dong thdi Id chd thi cua hoat dfng "hpc" - dupc cuIn hut vao cac hogt dpng hpc tgp gidng vien to chdc vd chl dgo, thflng qua dd ty lyc khdm pha nhdng dieu minh chua rd chd khdng phdi thy dpng tiep thu nhttng tri thuc dd dupc giang vien sdp ddt Dli vdi hpc vien trudng y, PPDH lay ngudi hpc lam trung tdm s€ giup hpc vien ddt vao nhung tinh hulng thyc tl Ngudi hpc trye tilp quan sdt, thao lugn, lam thi nghifm; trye tilp thyc hifn kham, chda bfnh tiren mfl hinh hofc mau, td dd se chu dfng dua each thde giai quylt vln de theo nhttng ly thuyet va lgp lugn cua ban than Ngudi hpc cung td dd nhd dupc kiln thde ly thuyet va trye tilp cd dupc nhung trdi nghifm thyc tl, tich luy kinh nghifm vd chd dfng han moi tinh hulng cdu chua bfnh nhan Dgy phuang phdp tif hgc: PPDH chu dpng xem vifc ren luyfn PP hpc tap cho SV khong chi Id mft bien phap nang cao hifu qua dgy hpc md cdn Id mft myc tieu dgy hpc, Khflng chi trudng y, ma tit ca cac llnh vyc dgy cho hpc vien PPty hpc la nhifm vy rat quan trpng va khd khdn Kiln thde la vo han, ngudi thiy khong the thu thap dupc dly dii hit tit cd cdc thflng tin vd cung khflng the nhdi nhet vdo dau dc SV khoi lupng kiln thde khong lo thay doi hdng Hf thing giao dyc cda trudng y ddo tgo nhdng bac si vda cd ndng lyc vd phlm chat cao can phdi trdi qua quy trinh dao tgo rlt khdt khe vd tin nhieu thdi gian hon so vdi cdc ITnh vyc dao tgo khdc td trudng hpc din thyc tl Trong giai dogn dao tgo tgi trudng y Id giai dogn quan trpng nhat, bdi hp dupc trang bj nhdng kiln tilde y hpc CO ban, hinh thdnh dan dan cho hp long say mf vdi nghe nghifp, yeu thuong bfnh nhan de ket qua cuoi cdng hp trd nhdng ngudi cdn bf y tl vda "hong" vda "chuyfn", tdc Id vda cd dgo ddc tot, vda cd chuyen mdn gioi Hon nda, vifc hpc tfp cua SV ngdnh y cung vfl cung vat vd, hinh tiidc hpc cung kha la phong phu, dfc bift dd Id hpc thyc hdnh Hp khflng chi dupc hpc thyc hanh tren mfl hinh tgi trudng ma cdn danh hon ntta so thdi 42 • TAP CHt THlfFBlGlAO DMC-sd 96-8/2013 gian hpc thyc hdnh lam sang tgi bfnh vifn Hpc lam sdng la hpc tgi giudng bfnh, dli tupng hpc tfp la ngudi bfnh, ngudi nhd ciia bfnh nhan vd nhdng trang thilt bi phyc vy cflng tdc kham chda bfnh Do vay, vai trd cua ngudi thiy cdn phai dupc bo sung, khong cdn don thuln chl la "ngudi truyen dgt thdng tin" md phdi dgy cho SV PPTH tilr nhung mfln hpc diu tien vd theo hp suot cufc ddi Ngudi thiy sS Id ngudi hudng din cho ngudi hpc di tim tn thuc, ty khdm pha nhdng mdng kiln thde cln thilt cufc song vd cflng vi|c, Ngoai ra, cdc PP hpc thi cot loi la PPTH Neu rdn luyfn cho ngudi hpc cd dupc PP, k^^ ndng, thdi quen, y chf ty hpc sS tgo cho hpc vien long ham hpc, khoi day npi lyc von cd moi ngudi, kit qud hpc tfp se dupc nhan len gIp bfl 4, Hgc tgp theo nhdm: Hpc tfp mfli trudng nhdm se thuc day sy tfch cyc suy nghi ciia ca nhan, tgo sy gdn kit mft "cfng ding" Trong lam vifc nhdm, nhttng mau thuan s8 ndy sinh vd ddi hdi SV phai giai quyet "xung df t", Td hp sg cd khd ndng gidi quyet nhdng mau thuan, thuylt phyc ngudi khdc nhdng hodn cdnh cd the bdt g$p cufc sing sau ndy Tinh thin hpc tfp vd khd ndng ldng nghe ngudi khdc cung chinh Id dilu ma SVcIn phdi tilp thu, hpc hdi Nhung kl ndng ndy thyc sy rat quan trpng hp budc mdi tivdng lam vifc, ddy s6 Id tiln NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG dl tit de SV bilt cdch Idm vifc mft mdi trucmg tgp thi Trong ddo tgo cda ngdnh y, hpc tap theo nhdm s@ giup SV tfp hpp dupc nhung f kiln sdng tgo cda tdng cd nhdn, b l sung viing kien thuc cdn thilu, cd nhilu each tiidc gidi quylt vln dl, td dd sdn pham hpc tfp sS gidu tinh sang tgo Phuang phdp cdn giiip SV r^n luyfn k5^ ndng thuyet trinh, thuyet phyc, dien gidi mpt cdc rd rang, dS hilu cho ngucri bfnh sau ndy Ngodi ra, PP ndy giiip SV ngdnh y tgo din thdi quen tdt Idm vifc theo nhdm cac cdng tac chuan dodn va phoi hpp chtta bfnh sau S Vai trd cda gidng viin: Trong vifc gidng dgy chCi dfng thi gidng vien khflng cdn don tiiuln ddng vai trd Id ngudi tmyIn dgt kiln tiidc md trd tiidnh ngudi hudng dan cho SV ti'Sn dudng di tim tri thde Mft cdch cy thi hon, ngudi thiy cdn ddng vai trd thilt kl, tl chdc, hudng dan cdc hogt dfng dfc Ifp hofc theo nhdm nhd de SV ty lyc chiem llnh nfi dung hpc tfp, chii dpng dflt cdc myc tieu kiln thde, kf ndng, thdi df theo yfu clu ciia chuang trinh Tren ldp, SV hogt dfng Id chfnh, gidng vien chi Id ngudi hudng dan Nhung tivdc Ifn Idp, gidng vi€n cln diu tu nhilu thdi gian dl thilt ke bai gidng cho dgt dupc chuin diu ra; chpn Ipc PP gidng dgy vd PP ddnh gid phu hpp vdi myc tieu vd npi dung bdi gidng Trong qud trtnh gidng dgy ngodi gid ISn ldp, ngudi thay cdn phai theo-doi cac hogt dfng ty hpc cda SV, giup dd cln thiet, trao doi thdo lufn vd gdp f dk ngudi hpc di dung hudng Nhu vgy, ngudi thay gidng dgy chii dfng cln phdi diu tu cflng sde va thdi gian rlt nhieu so vdi kilu dgy vd hpc thy ddng mdi cd the thyc hien bdi len ldp vdi vai trd Id ngucri gpi md, xue tdc, dfng vien, c6 van, trpng tdi cdc hogt dfng tim tdi, hdo hdng, tranh lugn soi noi ciia SV Ngudi dgy hpc d mdi trudng nao, ngdnh nghi gi, hodn thdnh qud trinh dgy hpc, khdng chl thay thda mdn cho bdn than md cdn thda man sy mong dpi cua hpc trd Dfc bift, dli vdi ngdnh y, mft ngdnh nghi lufln dl cao dgo ddc nghe nghifp thi vifc dgy hpc lufln gdn vdi tinh thuong, trach nhifm Cd nhu vfy, gidng vifn mdi cd sy tfn tyy chi dan SV mft each tfn tdm Gidng vien khflng chi tiep cgn vdi S V d gid gidng md cdn tiep xiic vdi cdc em nghien cdu khoa hpc, hudng din thyc te v.v Nang cao chit lupng ddo tgo Id myc tieu phln diu cua mpi quoc gia, mpi ddn tfc Vlfc dp dyng PP gidng dgy tfch cyc vao ndng cao chat lupng ddo tgo nganh y ndi rieng va chat lupng gido dyc tgi Vift Nam ndi ehung Id vifc lam cln thiet Bdi day Id mft PP cd chi phf thip nhat ma hifu qud mang lgi rat Idn gidi quyet cdn bdn cac ylu t l chinh tix)ng qud trinh ddo tgo (ngudi tiiay, hpc trd, PP dao tao) Ndi khdng chi lam cai bien chit lupng diu ciia ddo tgo ma nd cdn thay doi chat lupng cda yeu to diu vdo Id cdi thifn nang lyc chuyen mdn, thai df cua dpi ngu gidng vien lam thay doi qua trinh van hanh hogt dfng dao tgo tu thy dpng sang chu dfng, giiip hpc vien tu sang tgo va ty chu vifc hpc tfp ciia minh Tai lifu tham khao: Trln Long, Phuang phdp gidng dgy hifn dai, Goc nhin td chit lupng ddo tgo dgi hpc; Dfng Danh Ngpe: Phuong phdp hpc theo nhdm dudi gde nhln cda sinh vien; Le Hoang Gian^ Ngudi dgy Id "nhan vft" trung tam ciia qud trinh dgy hpc, Tgp chi Dgy vd Hgc ngdy nay, sd 3-201; Duong Tich Dgt, Phucmg phdp giang dgy chu dfng, http// se.ispace.edu.vn/ Summary teaching Innovative methods contribute to improving the quali^ of training medical industiy Articles emphasize furtiier enhance the effectiveness of training and faculty requirements, in addition to continuously improve qualltications are often applied to new approaches to teaching One of the proven methods in universities that are leading methods of teaching, active learning to create human resources in the healtii sector with high quality to meet tiie demands of society opportunity TAP CHt T H I ^ B| OAO DMC - sd 96 - 8/2013 • ... hpc, hudng din thyc te v.v Nang cao chit lupng ddo tgo Id myc tieu phln diu cua mpi quoc gia, mpi ddn tfc Vlfc dp dyng PP gidng dgy tfch cyc vao ndng cao chat lupng ddo tgo nganh y ndi rieng va... nhan Dgy phuang phdp tif hgc: PPDH chu dpng xem vifc ren luyfn PP hpc tap cho SV khong chi Id mft bien phap nang cao hifu qua dgy hpc md cdn Id mft myc tieu dgy hpc, Khflng chi trudng y, ma tit... thay doi hdng Hf thing giao dyc cda trudng y ddo tgo nhdng bac si vda cd ndng lyc vd phlm chat cao can phdi trdi qua quy trinh dao tgo rlt khdt khe vd tin nhieu thdi gian hon so vdi cdc ITnh vyc