REN PHAT AM DUNG PHU AM DAU L/N CHO HOC SINH TRUdNG TIEU HOC THUC HANH DAI HOC HAI PHONG Nguyen Thi Dung Khoa Gido diic Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email dungnt78@dhhp edu vn Duang Huang Giang Khoa Gido due T[.]
REN PHAT AM DUNG PHU AM DAU L/N CHO HOC SINH TRUdNG TIEU HOC THUC HANH - DAI HOC HAI PHONG Nguyen Thi Dung Khoa Gido diic Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email: dungnt78@dhhp.edu.vn Duang Huang Giang Khoa Gido due Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email: duonghuonggiangl 10697@gmail.com Ngdy nhgn bdi: 29/01/2018 Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 28/02/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng: 03/3/2018 TOM TAT Tren co sd thyc ti^ng phdt dm ciia hgc sinh Trudng Tidu hge Thyc hdnh - Dai hgc Hai Phdng, bdi viet de xudt mdt sd bien phap ren phdt am dung phu dra dau l/n cho hge sinh tidu hgc, nham giup gido vien va sinh vidn ehuyen nganh Gido dye Tidu hgc cd them phuong phdp ren phat am cho hgc sinh Tie khda: phat am, phy dra ddu I/n, hgc sinh Tidu hge Pronunciation correct initial consonant l/n for pupils in Hai Phong University Practical Primary School ABSTRACT On the basis ofthe status pronounce of pupils in Hai Phong University Pratical Primary School, this article proposes some measures wrought correct pronunciation mitial consonant l/n for primary school pupils, to give teachers and students more pronounced forging method for pupils Keywords: Pronunciation, initial consonant I/n, primary school pupils D^^T VAN DE Trong cude sdng hang ngay, vide phat am chuan ddng vai ttd vd cung quan trgng, giup cho viec giao tiep dd dang hon Phat dm chuan khdng nhiing Iam cho ldi ndi ttd nen chinh xdc, thdm mi md cdn gay thien cam vdi ngudi giao tiep Ddi vdi hgc smh tieu bgc, vide phdt dm chuan cang quan ttgng ban bdi ddy la bdc hgc CO sd chudn hi eho hgc smh phat am tdt, hgc tdt d cac bdc hgc cao ban Phdt dm chudn khdng chi gidp hge smh hgc tap tdt ma cdn ty tm ban ttong giao tiep Td do, chiing tdi xac dinh vide ren phdt am dung chudn cho hgc sinh tidu hgc la vd ciing can thidt Mdt ttong nhung ldi hgc sinh Hdi Phdng ndi chung, hgc sinh Trudng Tieu hge Thyc hdnh ndi rieng thudng mac phdi chmh la TAP CHI KHOA H p c , S6 27, thang 3/2018 77 Ioi phdt dra phy am dau l/n Vdi mong mudn gdp chut kinh n ^ e m vao vide giang day, ren luyen ki ndng phdt dm chudn phy dm ddu l/n cho hge sinh tidu hge, chung tdi de xuat mgt sd bien phap "Ren phat am diing phu dm ddu l/n cho hge sinh Trudng Tieu hge Thye hanh - Dai hgc Hai Phdng" NOI DUNG NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Thuc trgng phdt am cua hgc sinh Tru&ng Tieu hgc Thuc hdnh Trudng Tidu hgc Thyc hanh thugc Trudng Dai hge Hai Phdng la trudng thyc hanh, thyc nghiera su pham, phdi ket hgp vdi Khoa Gido dye Tieu hgc vd Mdm non dao tao sinh vidn chuyen nganh GD Tidu bgc cua Trudng Dai hgc Hai Phdng Ben canh nhiera vu giao due tieu hgc, tmdng cdn cd nhidm vu phdi hgp vdi Khoa Giao due Tieu hgc va Mam non rdn luyen nghidp vu su pham thudng xuyen cho sinh vien chuyen nganh Gido due Tieu hgc De nam dugc thye trang phdt dm eiia hgc sinh Trudng Tieu hgc Thyc hanh, chung tdi tien hdnh dy gid, quan sat, theo ddi qua trinh hgc sinh nara kidn Ihfte, ren ki ndng, tiep thu cijng nhu thu, sy chu y ciia bgc sinh ddi vdi vide phat am, tiao ddi, tid ehuyen vdi gido vien va hgc sinh ciia Trudng Tieu hgc Thuc hanh de tun hidu thyc ttang ren phat dra ciia hgc smh Cho bgc sinh dgc mgt sd van ban CO phu am dau l/n, tien co sd dd ndra bdt dugc thyc trang cua hgc sinh phdt dm ludi, khdp cdn ngugc, rang rage lech cd nhidu khe hd ddn ddn viec phat dm hi sai, khdng ro tidng - Do thdi quen ndi: tu luc hge ndi tie sdng va tidp xdc vdi nbftng ngudi phdt Idch chuan nen ddn thdnh thdi quen phat am lech ehuan - Hge sinh khdng nam dugc tu ngu (chft viet bieu thi cua tirng tft) dan den khdng xae dinh dugc ndo sft dyng I/n Chdng ban hgc sinh khdng phdn biet dugc: len vdi nin; lo vdi no - Do thd ngft ciia mdt sd lang, xdm, thdn, xa - Do cd tinh ndi sai tiong mdt sd ngft canh nhdm tao hieu ftng ngdn ngft, dan ddn hinh tbdi quen vd ndi sai I/n Tft thue trang va nhiing nguydn nhan ttdn, chung tdi nhdn thay vide ren phat dm dung phy dra ddu l/n cho hgc sinh tieu hgc vd cung can thiet, chung toi de xuat, ap dung ragt sd bien phdp cy thd dudi day 2.2 Mgt so bien phdp ren phdt dm dung phu dm dau l/n cua hgc sinh Tru&ng Tieu hoc Thuc hdnh De cd the van dung ragt sd bidn phap ren phdt dm dung phu dm ddu I/n cho HS Trudng Tidu hgc Thye hanh can dya tten nhiing nguydn tde cy the Trong bai viet ehiing tdi can eft vao nguyen tde: - Dam bao mue tidu mdn hgc Qua khdo sat thue tiang phdt dm ciia hgc sinh tai Trudng Tidu hgc Thyc hanh, chung tdi nhan thay hgc sinh phdt dm theo gigng dia phuong, hien tugng phdt dm ldn ldn phu am dau l/n khd phd bidn, dac bidt ddi vdi hge sinh ddu cap Theo ehdng tdi, bien tugng tren mdt sd nguyen nhan sau: - Phdt huy tinh tich cue, chd ddng cua hgc sinh - Nggng sinh Iy: co quan phat dm cd cau tao khuydt bdra sinh nhu ngan ludi, day Cdc nguyen tdc tten Id ndn mdng vftng chdc tao ea sd thuyet phuc cho vide de xudt ap 78 TRirCTNG DAI H p c HAI PHONG - Da dang hda cdc hinh thuc, cdch thftc luyen phdt am cho hgc sinh - Luyen phdt am cho hgc sinh d mgi tiic, mgi nai ttong eac hoat dgng cua lua tudi dyng cac bidn phap ren phat am phu dm ddu I/n cho hgc smh Tmdng Tidu hge Thye hdnh 2.2.1 Bienphdp luyen theo mdu Luydn theo mdu Id mdt ttong nhiing phuang phap co ban ttong day hgc mdn tidng Viet d tidu hge Khi thue hidn bidn phap nay, chiing tdi kdt hgp vdi viec phan tich cho hgc sinh vd co che phat am cua phy am ddu I/n nham giiip hge sinh luyen di luyen lai nhidu ldn hinh thdi quen va ki ndng phat dra hidu qua; bidt each dat ludi, ddy hoi, phdi hgp gifta cac co quan cau am de phat am chuan va tft hgc sinh ed thd ty sfta Idi phdt am, hudng tdi phat ara chudn Mudn bgc sinh phat am chuan phy dm dau l/n, giao vien danh thdi gian phdn tich cho hgc sinh vd co chd phat dm cua phu dm ddu l/n: Phu dm dau "I" dugc phdt am theo phuang thuc xat, dm vang, luong hai kbi phdt khdng bi can ttd, luong hai hi chdn d giua mieng dau luai xudng, phat am phu am dau "1" ta cdn cong ludi len va ddt dau ludi cham vdo dudi lgi cua ham tten, sau dd bdt ludi xudng vd ddy hoi thoat dang mieng Vdi each hgc sinh se phat am dugc ara ehuan phu dm "1" Gido vien cho hgc sinh thyc hidn bdng cdch bit raui phat dm huge Iudng hoi theo dudng mieng, hge sinh se phat am dugc nhftng tieng cd phy am dau "1" Nhftng hge sinh nao phat am thdnh "n" se khdng phdt dm duge bode se bi tdc, nhu vay hge sinh se biet sai de sfta Phu am ddu "n" duge phat dra theo phuong thftc tdc NghTa la Iudng hoi hi cdn ttd hoan toan ttong migng rdi sau mdi thoat Bd phdn cdu dm cua "n" cung gidng bg phdn cdu dra eua "I" Hudng ddn hgc sinh phdt dra phy am ddu "n" ta can: Thdng ludi va ddt luoi cham vdo Igi cua ham tten sau dd b^t ludi xudng va ddy hoi thodt theo dudng mui Mudn kidm tra xem da phat am dung ehua yeu cdu hge sinh bit miii lai, ndu phat am thdy tde bode khdng the phat am dugc nghia Id da phat dm diing Neu phdt dra dugc binh thudng nghTa la hgc sinh da phdt dm nham "n" thdnh "1" Khi bgc sinh da nam dugc ve co che phdt dm, gido vien tien hanh luyen phdt dm cho hgc sinh Trudc hdt giao vidn phat am mdu ehuan, ydu cdu hgc sinh luyen theo, danh thdi gian cho hgc sinh Idm vide theo nhdm, cac vidn ttong nhdm sua, nhan xet vd ty nhan xet ban than Vi du tiet day Tap dgc Idp 3, bdi "Cdu be thong minh " giao vidn phdt dm mlu tft "ldn nira" sau ydu cau hgc sinh phdt dm theo, hgc sinh ldra viec nhdm ddi, phdt hien eai sai eua b^n va sua cho Hay ttong mdt tidt bd sung Tidng Viet Idp 2, giao vidn cd thd danh thdi gian luyen phdt am cho hgc sinh bdng each dua mgt loat cac tft nhu; nao nung, long lanh, lua nip, Giao vidn phdt dra mau cac tft, sau hgc sinh phdt dm theo Ddi vdi hgc sinh phdt am sai, gido vidn hoac ragt hgc sinh phdt am chuan lam mdu lai vd yeu cau hgc sinh phdt am sai luydn theo radu dd Giao vien ciing ed the td chue thye hien bang each chia Idp thdnh cac nhdm hoac nhdm vao tinh hinh thyc tidn cua ldp bgc Mdi nhdm cd it nhdt hgc sinh phdt dm chudn Idm ngudi phdt dm mdu, cac hgc sinh khac tidn hanh phat dm va tu sua ldi cho Giao vien ddng vai tid giup dd chung cdc nhdm va nghiem thu ket qud Khi thyc hien bien phdp ndy giao vidn cdn giup hge sinh bieu ve eo che phdt dm sau dd mdi hudng ddn bgc sinh each phat am Trong qud trinh phan tich vd hudng ddn cdn thyc hidn mau dd hgc sinh de tudng tugng, ddc biet ddi vdi hgc sinh ddu cdp Khi hgc sinh luyen phat am can tao didu kien cho hge sinh ty phat T^P CHI KHOA H p c , So 27, thang 3/2018 | 79 hien Idi, tu sfta Idi, nhdn xet va tham gia nhdn xet, danh gid kdt qua cua ban 2.2.2 Bienphdp phdn tich cdu tnic dm tiit De phat am dung, can phdi xdc dinh rd dugc nao diing phu dm ddu 1, phu am dau n Nhan thftc dugc tdm quan tigng do, chiing tdi de xuat, ap dung bien phap phdn tich cdu true ara tidt ed chfta phy dm ddu l/n Sau phan tich cho hgc sinh ve ca che phat ara ciia phu ara dau l/n, giao vidn phdn ti'ch, hudng ddn hgc smh vd cdu tao, kha nang ket hgp ciia phu am dau l/n nhu sau: Kha ndng kdt hgp ciia va n tiong cdu true dra tidt cd dm dem hoac khdng cd dra ddm: I xuat hien cac tieng ed am dem (vt du: loan, loa, luydn, )/ n xudt bien tiong ede tidng khdng cd dm dem (vi du: nan, ndn, ) trft dm tiet noan Am ddu L N Vdn Am dem Am chinh Am cudi A N A N Do dd, phan van ed hay nguyen am di lien ke vdi o hay u dftng trudc thi chi cd thd sft dung phu am I: oa od oe, ud, uy ui Kha nang cau tao tft lay vdi ede dm tidt bat dau bdng hay n: I vd n khdng lay am vdi mgt tft lay, ed the lay vdi nhieu phu am (trft n), n trai lai ehi lay vdi chinh nd md thdi, khdng lay vdi bat ki phu am ndo khac Vi du day bdi tft lay d Tidng Viet 4, giao vidn ndu nguydn tdc va cho hgc sinh tim cac tft lay cd chfta phu am dau (lung linh, lau chau, ldng xang, lai rai, ) vd cac tft lay cd chfta phu am dau n (no ni, ng ndn, nao nung, nam nop ) Giao vien cd the td chftc cho bgc sinh thi tira cae td cd chua phu dm ddu l/n hay phdn biet phu dm dau l/n theo eac 80 TRlTCfNG D^I H p c HAI PHONG nhdm ddi dk tim cac tft lay cd chfta phy dm dau l/n va thi dua xera nhdm ndo tim dugc nhidu tft hon dong thdi phat am dung cac tft minh vua tim dugc Khi sft dung bidn phdp ndy, giao vien edn phdn tich rd rang, dua eac vi dy d mdi phdn phdn bidt giup bgc smh dd tudng tugng, hieu vd sft dung nhirng quy tac linh boat 2.2.3 Luyen phdt dm theo vdn bdn Vdi bign phdp ndy, giao vien suu tam nhftng cau ndi, bdi tha, ca dao, tue ngu ed chfta phu dra ddu l/n de gay nhdm Ian cho hgc sinh phat dra, cung cdp cho hgc sinh nhftng cau ndi, cau tho, ca dao, tuc ngu da suu tam duge Sau dd ydu cdu hgc sinh dgc that cham rai, phat am ehuan, ddn ddn day nhanh tdc do, tidn tdi cho cdc hgc sinh thi vdi xem ban nao dgc nhanh vd dung nhat Td chftc cho hgc sinh tu nhdn xet ket qua luyen phat am eua minh, ddng thdi nhdn xet, ddnh gia kdt qua cua ban Bien phdp khdng ehi giup hge sinh duge luydn phat dm thudng xuyen, lien tue ma cdn ttau ddi cho bgc sinh khd ndng cdm nhan ndi dung ciia doan van Tft dd, hgc sinh bidt each sft dung tft va didn dat mgt each chinh xac, sang tao - Vi du nhiing bdi chi cd n: "Cd ndng dn noi net na Ndu nu&ng, bep nue viic nhd siing nmg Nudi nang nhgc bao ndm Nghe nong, viec nu&c diu cham han ngu&i" "Nam nit nien nuac Nam no nuc ndng cao Id nang noi dung nen khong n&i tay ndng niu, ni nang v&i nan ndy Phdi neu no trie mdn ng ndng ni khiin ta met ndo, nan Pi " - Chi col: "Hgc sinh nh& lay ldm ldng T&i lui lo ldng l&i Pong tieng ngodi Hien lanh Id lgi, em ai! Ldo leu lieu iTnh mgi ngu&i coi khinh " "Linh Le Lgi, leo len ldu, lay luai le lau long Idnh Linh Le Lai, leo lin ldu Idy luai le, lau lap lodng" - Cd cd va n: "Noi ndng nin luyen ludn ludn L&i ndi luu lodl luyen luon lue ndy Le ndo nao nung lung lay Len l&p lit ldn lgi hay ndi ldm " "Neu ndi ldm ldn ldn ndy thi lgi ndi lgi Ndi ldm ldn ldn nira thi lgi ndi lgi Noi cho den lite luon luon luu lodl hit ldm ldn m&i thdi " "Lin non m&i biii non eao Nudi eon m&i biit cdng lao Nghiem, Tie" Khi thyc hien bien phap, giao vien can lua chgn nhirng vdn bdn cd ndi dung phu hgp vdi hgc sinh tidu hge Khi td chue cho hge sinh luyen dgc edn cho hgc sinh dgc theo tdc tu cham rai den nhanh dan, ddra bdo tinh chinh xdc, tianh trudng hgp hgc sinh dgc nhanh nhung dgc sai, lap di lap l^i nhidu ldn thdi quen khd sfta 2.2.4 Bienphdp tro chai hgc tap Ban chat cua bidn phap ttd choi bgc tap la day hge thdng qua vide td chue boat dgng vui choi vdo qua trinh day hgc nham muc dich tao sy thu cho hgc sinh tiong gid hgc, giup tie nhd lau va hinh kidn thuc Id nang hieu qua Dudi ddy, chung tdi thiet kd mgt sd tid choi hgc tap nhdra mue dieh ren phdt dm dung phy dra ddu l/n cho hgc sinh Trudng Tidu hgc Thyc hanh: Trd chai "77m ?iV" dugc thiet ke nhdra ren phdt dm dung phu dm ddu l/n - Ludt choi: Mdi thdnh vidn d mdi dgi tim dugc cac tu cd chfta phu am dau l/n va dgc to tft tim duge Tim vd phdt dm dung tft dugc didra, tuong ftng vdi radt que tinh Ddi nao dugc nhidu que tinh ban ddi dd gianh chien thang - Cdch tien hanh ttd choi: Giao vidn chia ldp thdnh ddi, ttong mdt dgi tim tft cd phu am ddu va mdt dgi tim tft cd phu am ddu n Mdi flidnb vien tiong ddi thay phien viet cdc tft tim dugc Idn bang sau dgc to td minh tira dugc Ndu tim dung tft va phdt dm chinh xdc dugc phep lay I que tinh ve dgi Trd chai dugc tien hanh tiong phut Het thdi gian, giao vidn tdng kdt sd didm radi dgi dat dugc Cho hge sinh ty nhdn xet dgi minh va dgi bmi Qua vigc dp dung ttd choi vao bai hgc, giao vidn dan ddt hge sinh vua rad rdng vdn tu vfta tira dugc cdc tft cd nghia chfta phu am ddu l/n Ddng thdi, ren cho hge sinh y thftc phat am diing phu dm ddu l/n Ddi vdi cdc hgc sinh thudng phdt dm sai phu dm nay, thara gia vdo trd choi, cac em se ed y thftc ren luydn dd mang Iai chien thdng cho dgi Trd choi ciing giup hgc sinh cd co hdi ty sfta ldi sai phdt dm cho Trd choi "Dodn y dong dgi": mue dieh cua ttd choi nhdm ren cho bgc sinh phat am dung phu dm ddu l/n va phat huy dugc nang lyc lam vide nhdm cua hge sinh day hgc Trd choi edn gdp phan iaa bung thii cho hgc sinh tham gia vdo gid hgc, giup tiet hge trd nen sdi ndi, sinh ddng, hdp dan - Luat choi: Cdc ddi Idn lugt diln td vd doan cac cym td dugc cho trudc Cac cum tft bao gdm cac tidng ehua phu am ddu I/n Cdc dgi doan dung vd phdt am dung tft/ cum tft eho trudc dugc cgng diem - Cdch tien hdnh tid choi: giao vien chia ldp thdnh ddi Mdi dgi eft len vidn tiong I ngudi cd nhidm vy cam td gidy ghi tft da dugc giao vidn chudn bi sdn, mdt ngudi cd nhiem vu diln ta bdng Idi hoac bdng eft chi TAP CHI KHOA HpC, So 27, thang 3/2018 81 nhftng khdng dugc ndi tu cdn doan va ngudi cdn lai cd nhiem vu doan Cac tiidnb vidn ludn phien tiiyc bien cac nhiem vy Cac ddi lan lugt tiiye hien phdn choi eua mmh Ddi ndo doan dugc nhieu td ban ddi tbdng Trd choi "Ai nhanh han " dugc thidt kd nhdm ren kT nang vidt vd phat dra dung cac tu ed phu dm ddu l/n; ddng tiidi phat huy dugc nang lyc hgp tdc, ndng lyc ldm vide nhdm cua hgc sinh - Ludt choi: Cdc nhdm hoan tiianh ngi dung gido vien da chudn bi sdn ttong td giay AO, sau treo ket qud len bang va tftng vidn tiiay phien dgc td gidy cho ddn tdt ed cac thdnh vien dgc dung Ndu tiianh vidn dgc sai lugt dgc dugc chuydn sang cho ddi ke tidp - Caeh tidn banh tid choi: Gido vidn chudn bi san cdc td giay AO cd ghi cac tft/cym tft/cdu cd chfta phu dm ddu l/n Chia ldp thdnh nhdra, mdi nhdm hodn tiiien td giay AO cua nhdm minh sau tteo ket qua len bdng, tien hanh dgc ngi dung tiong td gidy AO, thft ty dgc dua vdo thft ty hoan td gidy AO cua cac nhdm Thanh vien cudi cung eua nhdra nao dgc xong va chinh xdc ndi dung td giay AO ddu tien thi nhdm gidnh chidn tbdng Vi du giao vien dua cdu: Vl dim qua tr&i mua to en sdng cdc du&ng ngap lui (Hgc sinh cdn didn phy dm ddu n vdo chd tidng) Ndm &p chung ldi chuyin en tang hgc (Hgc sinh didn phy am ddu vdo cd hai chd tiong) Vi tdng du&i hit phdng en chiing toi chuyin en ldng hgc (Hgc sinh cdn didn phy am ddu n d chd tidng thft nhdt vd phy dm dau d chd tiong thft 2) Trd choi "Ai nhanh hem " giup hgc sinh dugc ren luydn phat dm dung phu am ddu l/n mgt cdch ty nhidn, tieh cue, hftng thu Ddng thdi, thdng qua vide hgc sinh phdi hoan thidn ndi dung cua td gidy AO, gido vien kheo leo rdn cho hgc sinh phdn bidt kbi nao su dung phy dra ddu 1, ndo sft dung phu am dau n bdng each dua nhiing tu/cum tft phu hgp KET LUAN Tien hanh nghien cftu bdi viet ttdn co sd thyc trang phdt dm phu am ddu I/n cua bgc sinh Trudng Tidu hgc Thuc hdnh, ehiing tdi de xudt, dp dyng mgt sd bi^n phdp ren va sua phdt dm dung phu am ddu l/n eho bgc sinh Trudng Tieu hgc Thye banh Cac bien phdp ndy dugc ap dung vdo ttong thyc tien day bgc Tidng Viet d Trudng Tieu hgc Thye hanh giup cae em ed thu hem vdi mdn hge, tich cyc ehu ddng hon tiong vide phat am chudn, chinh xae Khi hgc sinh y thftc dugc tam quan ttgng cua vide phdt dra chuan cac em se ty tin ban phdt dm, hge tap, giao tidp cung nhu diln dat diing didu minh raudn ndi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguydn Thi Lan Anh (2013), Sang kidn kinh nghiera "Kinh nghiim ren phdt dm chudn cho hge sinh " Nguydn Dinh Cao (2009), So tay ehinh td Tiing Viet Tiiu hgc, NXB Gido due Ld Phuong Nga - Dang Kim Nga (2007), Gido Pinh phuang phdp dgy hgc Tiing Viet & Tiiu hgc, NXB DHQG Ha Ngi Nguydn Tri (2007), Dgy vd hgc mon Tiing Viet & Tiiu hge theo chuang trinh m&i NXB Giao due, HaNgi Hodng Vdn Thung, Dd Xuan Thao (2005), Dgy hoc chinh td & tieu hgc, NXB Gido dye 82 I TRirCfNGD^I H p c HAI PHONG ... luai le, lau lap lodng" - Cd cd va n: "Noi ndng nin luyen ludn ludn L& i ndi luu lodl luyen luon lue ndy Le ndo nao nung lung lay Len l& p lit ldn lgi hay ndi ldm " "Neu ndi ldm ldn ldn ndy thi lgi... ldm ldng T&i lui lo ldng l& i Pong tieng ngodi Hien lanh Id lgi, em ai! Ldo leu lieu iTnh mgi ngu&i coi khinh " "Linh Le Lgi, leo len ldu, lay luai le lau long Idnh Linh Le Lai, leo lin ldu Idy luai... "Nam nit nien nuac Nam no nuc ndng cao Id nang noi dung nen khong n& i tay ndng niu, ni nang v&i nan ndy Phdi neu no trie mdn ng ndng ni khiin ta met ndo, nan Pi " - Chi col: "Hgc sinh nh& lay ldm