T9P ch( Khoa hgc va Phat triln 201!: T$p 9, sd 4: 672 - 679 TRU'QNG DAI HQC NONG NGHlEP H A NQI DjNH HlrtTNG CHINH SACH DAO TAO NGHE CHO LAO DONG NONG THON Policy Orientations for Vocational Training of Rural Labors Pham Bao Dirang Khoa Kinh te va Phdt trien Nong thon, Truang Dgi hqc Nong nghidp Ha Ngi Dja chi email tdc gia lien \^c: pbduong@hua.edu.vn Ngay giri dang: 06.05.2011; Ngay chap nhan: 15.08.2011 T6M TAT Vi^t Nam hi^n dang c6 \[^c lurqrng lao d^ng ndng thdn h$u v&'t khoang 35 tri^u ngirai, chilm 74% t6ng II,PC lu'9'ng lao d^ng ci nird^c M|c dii v^y, thi;>c tk cd t6i gkn 82% s6 lao dpng khdng c6 chuy6n mdn ky thujit D^y ngh& cho lao d^ng ndng thdn vira cd y nghia kinh t l , vOa cd y nghla xi h^i vi nhan vin siu sic, phgc vg die \ifc cho edng cu^c glim ngh^o bin virng, xay d^'ng ndng thdn md'i va si^ nghidp edng nghidp hda hi^n d^i hoa dit nird'c Ok lam tdt dilu nay, ben c^nh vifc ting cird^ng ning li^c cho h$ thdng dfy ngh4, cln m^nh d^n d6i m6ri phipong thu>c d^y ngh£ Bii Viet 6h xuit mpt s6 djnh hird'ng chinh sich chu y4u vi^c diy m^nh edng tie die t^o ngh4 cho lao ddng ndng thdn thd^i gian td'i TO khoi: Dio tfio nghh, djnh hu'd'ng chinh sich, lao dQng ndng thdn SUMMARY Vietnam currently possesses a great number of rural labors totaling of about 35 million labors, accounted for 74% total labor force However, in fact, there are 82% of these rural labors are not trained yet Vocational training for rural labors are of importance in terms of economic, social and human considerations for sustainable poverty reduction, building up new rural areas, and for the industrialization and modernization process of the nation To achieve it, besides strengthening capacity of the vocational training system, it is also necessary to renew training mechanism This article proposes some major policy orientations in spuring vocational training for rural labors Key words: Policy orientations, rural labors, vocational training D A T V A N D E Trong nhiing ndm qua, vdi sU quan tam sau sde cua Dang va Nha nUde, svf nghiep phat triln nguon nhan liic ndng th6n nUdc ta da thu dUde nhieu tiiu dang ghi nhan Tuy nhien, tren thvfc te' cac ke't qua dat dUde chua dap dng dUde cac yeu edu phat triln Dai da so' ndng dan Idm ndng nghiep cung nhU lao ddng phi ndng nghiep d nong thon deu ehUa qua ddo tao chinh thdc, CO ra't it ngUdi dUdc dao tao nghe dl ed t h i tham gia vdo cac cong viec san xua't quy md 16n, mang tinh edng nghiep He thd'ng ed sd 672 ddo tao nghe nhin chung edn thieu ve so lUdng va yeu ve cbd't lUdng dao tao de cd the dap ving dUde cac yeu edu da dang cua thi trUdng lao dong (Mae Tie'n Anh, 2010) Chu trUdng xa hoi hda edng tac ddo tao nghe da dUdc Dang va Nha nUdc khang dinh tii lau, nhien, ke't qua dat dUde edn nhieu ban che, ehUa thvfc svf buy ddng dUdc todn xa hoi tham gia tieh cvfc vao cong viec quan ndy Cd t h i thd'y rdng d l dat dUdc muc tieu xda ddi, giam nghdo ben viing, xay diing ndng thdn mdi gidu dep va cong nghiep hoa hien dai hod ndng nghiep ndng thdn thi Djnh hirdng chfnh sdch ddo tgo ngh^ cho lao dpng ndng thdn viec ddo tao n g h l cho lao ddng ndng thdn la het sdc quan va cd'p thie't D l lam to't dilu nay, ben canh vide tang eudng ndng liic cho he thd'ng day nghe, edn manh dan dd'i m6i phUdng thdc day nghe (Pham Vu Quo'c Binh, 2011) Tren ed sd danh gia thvfc trang cha't lUdng lao ddng ndng thdn vd nang liic dap dng cua he thd'ng day n g h l , phan tieh cac vUdng mdc, tdn tai cua cd che', chinh sach ddo tao nghe thdi gian qua, bdi viet hudng tdi muc tieu de xud't mdt so' dinh hvfSng chinh sach chu ye'u viec d^y manh edng tac dao tao nghe cho lao ddng nong thdn thdi gian tdi CACH TIEP CAN VA PHU'CNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtT Tiep can he thd'ng cung - edu dUde sd dung xuyen sud't qua trinh nghien ciiu Nghien ciiu bat dau bang cac phan tieh thvfc trang ngudn lao dong ndng thdn, dac biet tren phUdng dien cha't lUdng ngudn lao dong Tiep dd Id cac danh gia lien qua de'n thvfc trang ngudn cung dao tao nghe, thao luan cac ba't cap, tdn tai lien quan de'n cong tac dao tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn de tii dd de xud't cac giai phap So' lieu sd dung nghien cvfu ndy bao gom cac so' lieu dUde cong bd chinh thvic cua Td'ng cue Thd'ng ke, cac so' lieu thd ca'p cua cac edng trinh nghien edu va cac bao cao dailh gia co lien quan cua cac Bd, ngdnh (trong dd, chu ye'u cua Bo Lao dong - ThUdng binh vd Xa hoi va Bo Ndng nghiep va Phat t r i l n Ndng thdn) Trong giai doan 2000 2009, moi nam dan sd nu6e ta tdng them khoang 950 nghin ngudi, dat td'c tang dan sd trung binh 1,15%/nam, dd khu vvfc ndng thdn tdng 200 nghin ngudi/nam vd ed xu hUdng giam ddn To'ng liie lUdng lao dong (tvf 15 tud'i trd len) dang Idm viec tai thdi diem 1/7 nam 2009 Id 55,5 trieu ngUdi, chiem 65% dan sd Giai doan 2000 2009, lUc lUdng lao dong CO viec Idm ed xu hUdng tang So' lieu dilu tra cua Bd Lao ddng ThUdng binh vd Xa bdi qua cac nam cho thd'y khu viic ndng thon la ndi cung ca'p nguon lao dong chu yeu cua ca nUdc (Bang 1) Hien nay, td'c do thi boa cao ca nUde cong vdi luong lao dong dich chuyin manh me tvf ndng thdn thdnh thi lam cho td'c tang lao dong giai doan 2000 2009 d thdnh thi cao hdn nhieu so vdi ndng thdn (khoang 3,4% so vdi gdn 2,1%) Dieu ndy da d i n dd'n svf thay dd'i ed ed'u lao dong ndng thon thdnh thi Nam 1996 lao dong ndng thon chie'm khoang 80% tdng lUe lUdng lao ddng, thdnh thi chi chie'm khoang 20% nhUng de'n nam 2006, ty le la 75% va 25% va nam 3.1.1 ThUc trang nguon lao dong nong thon 2009 tUdng iing la 73,6% va 26,4% Nam 1996, liic lUdng lao dong ndng thdn cd khoang 28,03 trieu ngUdi, de'n nam 2006 Ude tinh khoang 38,7 trieu ngUdi, nam 2009 Id 35,12 trieu ngUdi Tuy nhien, hidn vd tUdng lai, lao ddng khu viic nong thon can giai quyet viec Idm se tie'p tue gia tang Theo Bo Lao dong ThUdng binh va Xa hoi, giai doan 2004 2005, ca nUde da thu hoi hdn 817.400 dd't ndng nghiep va cvf da't ndng nghiep bi thu hoi thi ude tinh ed khoang 13 lao ddng d nong thdn md't viec lam (eon so' d vung ddng bang song Hong la 15 ngUdi) nhU vdy td'ng so' lao ddng khdng ed viec Idm bi thu bdi dd't ndng nghiep tdi hdn 11,5 trieu ngudi (tinh de'n nam 2005 mdi chi cd khoang 49% tim dUde viec Idm) tfdc tinh tvf nam 2006 Theo s d h e u cua Td'ng cue Thd'ng ke, dan so trung binh ca nUde nam 2009 Id 86 trieu ngifdi, dd khu vvfc ndng thon chiem 70,4% 2010 da't ndng nghiep bi thu hoi khoang 640.000ha, theo dd xd'p xi 10 tridu lao dong d ndng thdn ma't viec Idm KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Thiic t r a n g d a o t a o n g h e cho lao dong nong thon 673 Ph^m Bio Duong B&ng L Cd ca'u liic lif^ng lao d^ng tii 15 tuoi t r d len co viec lam theo t r i n h d§ chuydn mon (%) Trinh dd chuyftn mdn T6ng sd Nam NO- Khdng c6 chuyfin mdn k? thuit 81,9 77,6 86,5 Cdng nhin k j thuit khdng cd blng 6,5 8,1 4,8 Sc cSp ngh4 3,2 4,8 1.5 Trung clip nghh 1,7 2,7 0,6 Trung hpc chuydn nghidp 3,3 3,4 3,1 Cao ding ngh^ 0,2 0.3 0.1 Cao ding 1,2 0,8 1,6 2.2 1,7 Oai hQC \'i;iion nicii Ini lao d()ng A vi^c Idm t(fi th&i diem ngdy 1/9/2009, Tdng eye Thong ke 2010 VI mat cha't lUdrig lao ddng, trinh chuyen mdn va ki nang nghe nghiep cua lao dong nong thon nUdc ta rd't ban che Dieu tra lao ddng viec lam ndm 2009 cua To'ng cue Tho'ng ke cho thd'y trinh chuyen mon cua lUc lUdng lao dong ndng thon nUdc ta ndi chung edn rd't tha'p Ty le lao dong chUa CO chuyen mdn ky thuat, ehUa ed ky nang vd cung ehUa qua dao tao chie'm tdi 82% td'ng so' lao dong ndng thdn ca nUdc Lao dong ed ky nang (da qua ddo tao bao gdm ca dUdc cd'p bang va khdng ca'p bdng) chi chie'm khoang 11,6%, dd chi eo 2,4% so' lao dong nong thon cd trinh cao ding, dai hoe (bao gom ca cao ddng nghe^, 5% lao dong cd trinh trung cd'p (kl ca trung cd'p nghe), 3,2% cd trinh sd cap nghe, edn lai khoang 6,5% la edng nhan ky thuat nhUng ehUa cd bang Chi tieu ndy dd'i vdi lao ddng nii khu vvfc nong thdn thap hdn nhieu, vdi 86,5% tong sd lao dong nii ndng thdn chUa qua ddo tao, sd gan 13,5% lai da qua ddo tao kl nang chi ed 2,4% la dUdc ddo tao d ca'p cao dang hoac dai hoc, 3,7% d cap trung hoc chuyen nghiep va tdi 4,8% dUde goi Id edng nhan ki thuat nhUng ehUa dUdc cd'p ba't ki loai van bang hoac ehdng chi nghe nghiep nao (Tdng cue Thd'ng ke, 2010) Nhu vay, co t h i tha'y rang cho den thdi diem dieu tra nam 2009 sd lUdng lao dong 674 elin dUdc dao tao vl nghl nghiep edn rd't Idn, ddc bidt la d khu viic ndng thdn Ty le 81,9% lao ddng edn ddo tao nghe, tUdng dUdng vdi khoang gdn 30 trieu lao ddng ndng thdn (ndm 2009) Id mot sd lUdng khdng nho vd cung khdng de dang dap iing vdi he thdng ed sd ddo tao nghe (cung dao tao nghe) nhU cua Viet Nam hien Dao tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thon, dac biet cho ngUdi ngheo, ddng bao dan toe thilu so' dUdc xem Id chia khda d l da dang hda sinh ke, giup ho thoat dUdc 'bSy doi ngheo - poverty trap' d l giam ngheo ben viing Kinh nghiem phat triln ndng thon d cac nUdc tren the' gidi eiing da chi rd dao tao nghe cung la phUdng thvfc hiiu hieu de ngudi lao ddng cd the chuyin ddi nghe nghiep sang nhving ngdnh nghe dem lai cho ho thu nhap cao hdn, tranh dUdc 'biy thu nhap trung binh' Hdn the' niia, ddi hoi dao tao liic lUdng lao ddng tay nghe cao, dd ed lao dong ndng thdn theo yeu clu cua qua trinh edng nghiep hoa hien dai hoa da't nUdc Id mot nhving va'n de bde xue can phai dUdc giai quye't tii thdi dilm ndy De cd the nang cao hieu qua boat dong ddo tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn, trU6c hd't edn xac dinh so' lUdng lao ddng can dUdc ddo tao nghe va cac nganh nghe edn ddo tao Trong thdi gian tdi, svf chuyin dich cd ed'u lao Dinh hu'6'ng chinh sdch ddo tao ngh^ cho lao ddng ndng thdn dong giiia cac nganh, vung, khu vvfc kinh te' se edn tie'p tue diin bien manh hdn niia nham hdp li hod ed ca'u vd td'i Uu boa viec sd dung liie lUdng lao dong cho ca khu vvfc ndng thon va thi Vi vay, dii bao lao dong nong thon se dUdc chia nhdm do'i tvfdng chinh: xua't lam n g h l truyin thd'ng hoac cac cdng ddng dia phUdng vdi cac trung tam hoe tdp edng dong Cd t h i noi cac hinh thiic to' chiic day nghe cho lao ddng nong thdn hien rd't da dang v l ca hinh thdc to' chiic, ten goi, cd quan quan ly vd hinh thdc sd hiiu tii trung Udng tdi dia phUdng Mang lUdi cd sd day nghe co quy md ddo tao khoang Lao dong d lai khu vyCc ndng thdn, gom 1.700.000 ngUdi/nam (quy mo t u y i n sinh i) Nong dan chuyen nghiep Id nhving ngudi nam 2007 2008 la 1.436.000 ngUdi) song tai khu vvfc ndng thdn, chuyen san xua't Cac so' lieu tren cho tha'y, mac du hien nong nghiep vdi quy md xud't Idn, kha nang da dUde quan tam phat triSn kha manh chuyen mdn boa cao vd ii) Lao ddng Idm me nhung mang ludi h§ thd'ng ed sd ddo tao cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep nhu cac nghe nude ta ehUa dap dng nhu edu thiic te' nghe t r u y i n thd'ng, dich vu, tilu thii cdng (mdi chi ndi ve so' lUdng ehU chUa ndi d i n nghiep tai ndng thdn cha't lUdng) Gia sd thdi gian tdi nhu Lao dong rdi khoi ndng thdn, gdm i) cau lao dong tay nghe cao khdng gia tang vd Khoi chinh thdc Id nhiing ngudi di eU mang ludi cd sd ddo tao nghe dUde gid! phd' vdi nhiing cdng viec tUdng dd'i rd nguyen nhu hien tai thi phai md't khoang 20 rang, chinh thiic; ii) Khd'i khdng chinh thdc nam niia mdi ddo tao dUde het liic lUdng lao thUdng Id nhiing ngUdi di cU thdnh phd' ddng ndng thdn chUa qua dao tao hien Mat khac, viec qua tap trung boat dong dao mot each tii vd iii) Lao ddng xua't khau Ngoai edn mot nhdm niia eiing can tao nghe cac ed sd cong lap va kha difdc quan tam, dd Id hoc sinh de'n tudi hoc nang xa hoi hoa hien ra't ban che' da Idm nghe nhung chUa cd viec Idm Day cung la tram them tinh trang cung khdng dap dng du cau linh vvfc mot nhdm can dUde dUa vdo tam ngdm Tom lai, cd t h i ndi quan he cung edu cua he thd'ng ddo tao nghe d l Idm ed sd cung linh vvfc dao tao nghe cua nUde ta hien cap dau vdo cho lUe lUdng lao dong Id ra't ma't can bang, hay ndi dung hdn Id tifdng lai cung dao tao nghe la qua tha'p so vdi cau ddo 3.1.2 ThUc trang nguon cung ddo tao tao nghe nghe Dao tao nghe ndi chung vd ddo tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn ndi rieng ludn nhan Theo sd heu cua Td'ng cue Day nghe (2010), hien ca nUde cd 2.052 cd sd day dUdc svf quan tam cua Dang va Nha nUdc vd nghe (trong dd ed 55 trUdng cao dang nghe, da ed nhiing cd che, chinh sach cung cac giai 242 trudng trung ca'p n g h l , 632 trung tam phap thvfc hi§n kha ddng bd Mae dii vay, day nghe vd 1.123 ed sd giao due, Idp day qua trinh t r i l n khai cdng tac ddo tao nghe nghe tai doanh nghiep tai cac Idng nghe cd nhiing nam trUde day edn bde Id mot so' tdn chiic nang vd nhiem vu day nghe) Trong do, tai nhu sau: Thii nhat, ve vai trd cua Nhd nUdc, v l n cac cd sd edng lap chie'm khoang 62% td'ng sd cac cd sd day nghe hay ndi each khac Nhd eon nhiing ba't cap chu yeu lien quan den cd niffic vdn dang ddng vai trd chu dao he che, chinh sach ve day nghe - dac biet la day thong day nghe hau he't cac ed sd ngodi nghe ngan ban cho lao ddng ndng thdn edn cong lap deu ed quy md nhd Ngodi cung tan man, ed qua nhieu chUdng trinh, dvf an CO t h i k l de'n mang ludi cac cd sd dao t^o day nghe, ehUa thd'ng nhd't ddn tdi sU ehdng nghe khdng chinh thdc nhU cac cd sd san cheo, kem hieu qua Cac ba't cap nd'i bat dUdc 675 Ph^m Bio Duong xac dinh bao gom: gidi h?in ddi tU(?ng, thdi gian ddo tao, quy dinh sd' hoc viSn/ldp ehUa hdp ly, mdc ho tre? thd'p vd bd't cdp cd che long ghdp, thu tue quylt todn kinh phi, Ben canh dd, vide pho'i hdp giiia cd quan chu tri triln khai (Sd Lao ddng ThUdng binh vd Xa hdi) vd cac cd quan khdc e6 lien quan tai dia phUdng Id Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat triln ndng thdn, Sd Cdng thUdng, Hoi Ndng dan ehUa td't, ddn din vi§c triln khai chu ylu cd quan chvi tri thvfc hien Dieu ndy Idm cho vi^c dao tao nghl khdng theo yeu edu phat triln kinh tl, xa hoi dia phUdng ma theo ndng lUc sdn ed cua cac cd sd dao tao Mdc dd Luat Day nghl da dUde ban hdnh nhien, vln c6n nhieu van ban hUdng din thi hdnh Ludt ehUa dUde cac cd quan lien quan ban hanh Thii hai, ve he thd'ng ddo tao nghe: He tho'ng dao tao nghe cua Nhd nUde vln edn chie'm Uu the tuyet dd'i, xa hoi hda edng tac ddo tao nghl vln chUa dat dUde cac ke't qua nhu mong ddi Rd't it trUdng nghe ngodi edng lap, dac biet, thieu vdng cac ed sd day nghe ciia nude ngodi Viec td chiie dao "tao cho ndng dan chUa linh boat, ehUa phu hdp vdi dac dilm cua lao ddng ndng thdn thudng Id lao dong chinh ho, ra't kho ed thi tam ddng cdng viec dl di hoe ChUa cd nhieu sii da dang cac md hinh ddo tao nghe phu hdp vdi dac dilm cua lao ddng ndng nghiep ndng thdn ChUa huy ddng dUdc ddi ngu chuyen gia ndng nghiep, nghe nhan, cac vien nghien ciiu vd cac hoi nghl nghiep tham gia qua trinh ddo tao Idm cho kien thdc dao tao ngheo nan, ehUa phu hdp vdi thvfc te' vd chUa dUa dUde edng nghd mdi vdo dao tao Cdng tac tu va'n nghl nghiep cung ehUa td't Ngudi ndng dan thieu thdng tin vl nghe nghidp, vl dinh hudngphat triln kinh tl, xa hoi, vl ed hoi viec Idm Tvf dd, din den viec Ilia ebon ngdnh nghl dao tao theo cam tinh, sau td't nghiep khdng vfng dung kien thdc, ky nang dUde hoc vao boat ddng nghe nghiep cua minh Tinh trang bd hoc nhieu 676 din den khd khdn cho qua trinh dao tao va quan ly cua cd sd dao tao va cac ed quan co lidn quan Nhilu cd sd dao tao khdng xac dinh dUdc muc tieu rd rang ve ket qua dao tao din ddn vide dao tao nghe chua thvfc sii gan kit vdi giai quylt viec Idm, dinh hudng va quy hoach phat triln kinh te xa hdi, vdi yeu clu chuyin dich cd ed'u lao ddng, cd ed'u kinh t l tai dia phUdng Thii ba, edn tdn tai quan dilm, nhin nhdn ehUa thUe svf chuin xac vl cdng tac ddo tao nghl; vln edn tU tudng thu ddng, y lai, coi day Id edng tac xa hdi, la nhidm vu cua Nha nude Cin cd sii ddi mdi tU vl cong tac day nghe, xac dinh rd dd Id loai hinh dich vu (dich vu cdng mdt sd trUdng hdp nha't dinh) Tren cd sd dd, eIn tdn cac nguyen tic vdn hanh ciia cd che' thi tru6ng dd'i vdi cung - cau ddo tao nghl Nha nUde chi can thiep, ho trd xua't hien nhiing tha't bai cua thi tnidng ddi hdi cac can thidp cIn thiet cua Nhd nUdc ddi vdi cac hang hda cdng, dich vu cdng 3^ Dinh hiidng doi mdi tii day nghl cho lao dong nong thon 3.2.1 Dinh hudng chung Theo quan dilm thi trUdng, he thd'ng ddo tao nghe cIn dUde coi nhu mdt loai hinh cung ca'p dich vu, dd cac dich vu cIn dUde da dang hoa ca vl loai hinh, hinh thdc cung cd'p va ngudi cung ca'p Tren cd sd do, to chiic he thd'ng dao tao nghl can tra Idi dUdc cac cau hdi sau: i) Ai la ngUdi cung ca'p dich vu (ddo tao nghl)? ii) Ai la ngUdi ed nhu cau cIn ddo tao? va iii) Dao tao cai gi? Ngoai ra, vdi dac thu cua Viet Nam, de td chiic hoat ddng dao tao nghe ed hieu qua, Nha nUdc can ed cac chinh sach hd trd cho ca phia ngudi cung ca'p dich vu vd ngUdi co nhu clu svf dung dich vu Cac hd trd se bao gdm nhieu loai hinh khac va se tap trung linh viic: i) Cac hd trd cho he thd'ng ddo tao va ii) Cac hd trd cho ngUcii tham gia dao tao Djnh hu-d-ng chinh sdch dao tao nghl cho iao dOng ndng thdn Vdi hien trang hien nay, chi ndo dap dng dUde cac vd'n d l tren, he thd'ng ed sd ddo tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn Viet Nam m6i CO the thvfc hidn muc tieu d l Id dao tao dUde mot Ivfe lUdng lao dong tay n g h l cao phuc vu cho svf nghiep cdng nghiep hod hien dai boa da't nude 3.2.2 Cdc de xuat chinh Ve vai tro cua Nhd niidc: Giai doan hien nay, dilu kien he thd'ng ed sd ddo tao n g h l nUde ta edn n h i l u bd't cap, viec Nha nude cung ca'p cac hd' trd ban d I u d l khdi dong vd khuye'n khich svf phat t r i l n cua he tho'ng la rat can thie't Tuy nhien, cIn xac dinh quan dilm nhd't quan tU dau la phai xac dinh dung vai trd ho trd cua Nhd nvfde tranh tinh trang bao ca'p tran Ian, lam ma't dong liie phat t r i l n ciia ca he tho'ng Cu the, Chinh phu nen ddng vai trd hd trd giai doan d I u nham dau tU ed sd t i n g cho he thd'ng ddo tao n g h l nhU xay dvfng trUdng 16p vdi quy md vd quy hoach hdp li ChUOng trinh quoc gia ve Ddo tao nghi: TrUde mat, can khan trUdng xay dvfng vd trien khai ChUdng trinh Muc tieu qud'e gia phat t r i l n ddo tao n g h l cho lao ddng ndng thon nhdm tao mdt he thd'ng ddo tao nghe dUde chuan boa, it nha't la d cd'p qud'c gia vd tien tdi se Id theo tieu chuan qud'c te ChUdng trinh se dUde xem nhU la mot ed s5 nen tang ban dau Idm ban dap cho svf phat t r i l n mot each doe Idp, tvf chu cua hd tho'ng ddo tao nghe Viet Nam tUdng lai ChUdng trinh eIn bao gom ca cac loai nganh nghe t r u y i n thd'ng vdn la mot nhdng the manh cua Viet Nam n h l m lUu giii va phat trien dUde cac nganh n g h l viia gin giii truyen thd'ng van hoa vvfa gop phan phat t r i l n kinh te da't nUde Chuan hod he thong ddo tao nghe: C i n chi dao quy chuan giao trinh tren todn qud'e cho tvfng loai nganh nghe dao tao, md rong va tang eUdng nang Ivfe cho chinh doi ngu giao vien dao tao n g h l , cac cd quan ehvfc nang ddng vai trd kiem tra, giam sat qua trinh thvfc hidn Viec chuan boa eIn phai bao gom dUde ca linh vvfc day, hoc, thi vd cdp bang nhdm td'i Uu hoa viec svf dung cac nguon hS trd cua Nhd nUde vd dat dUde cbd't lUdng dIu td't nha't Td't nhien, di co t h i thvfc thi dUde muc tieu ndy cho mot muc tieu 16n hdn la ddo tao dUde lUc lUdng lao ddng tay nghl cao chde c h i n se eIn co mot khoan ngan sach khdng nhd Tuy nhien, ngan sach dUde svf dung mot each dung ddn vd hieu qua se mang lai nhiing k i t qua Idn hdn, gop phan phat triln kinh te da't nUde mot each nhanh chong, manh me vd b i n viing Xd hdi hod ddo tao nghi: Mot nhiing hd trd chinh sach quan Chinh phu cIn sdm dUa dd Id cac chinh sach nhdm khuye'n khich xa hdi boa he thd'ng ddo tao nghl Cac chinh sach nen bao gdm viec xem xet co p h I n boa cac trUdng cdng Idp hien cd boat ddng kem bieu qua, khuye'n khich cac to' chiic, ca nhan nUde tham gia dIu tu cho linh vvfc ddo tao nghe vd hdn niia la khuyen khich cac td chde, ca nhan nude ngodi tham gia lien doanh, lien k i t hoac d I u tu cho linh viic dao tao n g h l b Viet Nam Tuy nhien, boat ddng d I u tu cho linh vvfc day nghe edn kha md n h a t mot p h I n chUa ed cac chinh sach hd trd cu the vd du manh de khuye'n khich nhd d I u tU Do dd, de ed the xay dvfng vd phat trien dude mot he thd'ng ddo tao n g h l , Chinh phu can cd chinh sach thu hut d I u tU manh vao linh vUe ndy nhdm tdn dung dUde moi ngudn lUe cho phat trien Td chiic vd quan li ddo tao nghi: Day Id mdt va'n de eIn dUde quan tam neu muo'n he tho'ng ddo tao nghe co t h i boat ddng dUdc mot each hieu qua, dac bidt la thdi gian d I u vdi cac hd trd cua Nha nude D l tranh trUdng hdp cac hd trd ciia Nha nude bi sd dung sai muc dich hoac kem hieu qua, quy trinh quan li nen dUdc xay dvfng theo hudng phi tdp trung, phat huy dan chii vd diia vao cdng dong Vdi hinh thiic quan li ndy cac to' chde xa hoi, to' chiie cdng dong truyen thd'ng cIn dUde khuyen khich de phat trien 677 Ph^m Bio Duong to'i da bao gom ca tdng cudng ndng Ivfc cho cac to' chde sin ed nhdm tdng cUdng kha ndng giam sat tii phfa cpng dong dd'i vdi qud trinh svf dung cac hS tr