Một số nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến giải quyết việc làm cho lao động nông thôn trong xây dựng nông thôn mới.pdf

HBHIEH BDB-1MB 0'ã ? ( M O T SO NHAN TO ANH HUUNG DEN GIAI QUYET VIEC LAM CHO LAO DONG NONG THON TRONG XAY DUNG NONG THON MOl NGUYEN THU GIANG* I Cac nhdn to' ve ngudn luc va Ipi the • phat trien kinh te Ddt dai Ddt dai la mdt ydu td cfra qud trinh san xudt, cd vai trd quan trpng khdng cM ddi vtt nfing ngMgp, mi cdn dfli ven cflng ngMgp, dich vu pM nfing ngMfip Difin tfeh dit eanh tie, mat nudc cang ldn tM tii nguyfin nflng, lam, Muy san ngiy cang nMdu, tidm nang khai Mdc vd phat tridn nganh nghd cang Idn, kha ndng tao vigc Idm ttong nfing ngMgp, nfing Mfin edng eao Ccf sd hg tdng ky thuat: Co sd tdng ky Mudt bao gflm: Hg Mflng duttig giao Mdng, Mfry Igi, dign, Mdng tm Udn lae Id cde yeu td giin tidp gdp phdn tao viee lim vd ndng eao Mgu qua vigc Iam Vf du, kM nam bdt duge nMdu Mdng tin, su Iua chpn vd san xuit cai gi, Iam nhu Md nao, vdi cdng nghg nao cung dd ding hem ndu Mdng tM Udn lac phit tridn Hon ntta, vigc phit tridn ca sd ting ky Mudt d cdc cflng ddng ddn eu se Mu but din cu, thflc dly nhu cdu tieu dung, M dd thu hut su diu M ski xuit eua eie doanh ngMgp, dd gian tidp tao mdi tmdng phdt tridn vifie ldm ttong tflng cdng ddng Vd'n cip dd vi md, vdn Ii ngudn Iuc co ban Muc diy su phdt tiidn kinh td cua qudc gia, dia fiiuang Mdng qua cic hoat ddng ddu M d cdp dfl vi md, vdn vfla la phucmg tign, viia Id mue tidu cho su phit tridn kinh td doanh ngM^, kinh td hd gia dinh Nhu edu vd vdn diu tt san xuit Id nhu edu tdt ydu, nd cang quan trpng bon ddi vdi hd mufln md rdng quy md san xuit Ddn so, nguon lao ddng Tdng truttig ddn sd vtt tdc dfi vd quy mfi hpp ly li ngufln cung cdp ngudn nhin Iuc vd gii Tuy nMfin, ndu din sd phdt tridn qud nhanh, quy mfi phdt tridn Idn vugt kha ndng dap flng vd ygu eiu * Hoc vifn Cao hgc Qudn ly kmh ti Hgc viin Chinh tri Khu vi 50 cua xa hfii Mi tdng tmdng dan sd khfing ph^ Id ydu tfi rich cue m i Iai Id ginh nang eho nln kinh td Sd lugng va ehdt lugng ngudn Iao dfing ed dnh huttig true tidp dfii v&i vSn dd tao vigc lim Ndu trinh dfi cfra ngutt Iao ddng khfing ddp Mig dupc v^ ydu ciu cfing Wgc se din ddn ty lg tfidt nghi^ tMdu vigc Idm cao ldn Ngodi ra, vdh dd di din va cic ddng M din, dac bigt li di ddn M nfing Mdn dd thi giy cac ap Iuc kinh td - xa hdi va ehinh tri cdn nguy Mdm hon so v&i ty le gia ting din sd nhanh chdng Qui trtnh dd thi hoa giy hdu qua true tidp ddn vh di vigc Idm, dd cd thi thu hflt hdt sd lao ddng nfing Mdn mit mfing, cdn phai nhanh chdng tao mfit sd lupng ldn chfi lim vigc NhOng toi the cua diaphi&mg Nhflng lpi Md cua dia phuang Id didu kign cho dia phuong ttong phdt tiidn kmh td ndng Mdn, met nhflng hudng phit tridn san xuit, tao vigc Iam, giai quydt nhu eiu vigc lam cho Iao ddng nfing thdn Trfin co sd lpi Md dd, dia phuong d^ nhflng chfrih sdch Mu hut diu M, tao vigc Idm cho nMdu Iao dfing Lgi Md dd bao gdm: - Lgi Md vd didu kign tu nMfin: Ngudn tai nguyen tfiidn nMdn vi tii tta ly, didu kign tu nMgn - Lgi Md vd xd hdi: Ydu td Iao ddng, ydu td Mudc vd phong tiie tdp qudn cfra tflng viMg nfing Mfin - Lgi Md vd chmh sich: Oiinh sdch hfi ttg phat tridn giao Mdng, chinh sdch vd iM dung tai chinh - Quy md phdt tiidn, co cdu san xuSit va Idia ndng phat tridn kinh td cua dia phuong Cac ydu to xd hpi: Chinh sdch viec ldm cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc - Nhdm chihh sich chung d tdm vi mfi: Chfrih sich tm dung, cbinh sich ddt dai, chinh sdch Mud TAP C H I G I A O Dgc LY LUAN - S6 222 (2014 - Nhdm ehinh sich khuydn kMch phdt ttidn nhttng Unh vue, hinh Mflc vd vung cd kha ndng Mu hut dugc nMdu lao ddng ttong co chd tfii tmdng nhu: Chinh sdch phit tiidn doanh ngMgp vita vd nhd, chuih sdch phdt tiidn khu vue pM kdt ciu, chmh sich di din va phit tndn vilng kinh td mtt, chfnh sdch dua lao ddng di ldm vigc cd Mtt ban d nudc ngodi, chinh sdch khdi phue vd phii tridn lang nghd - Nhdm chinh sdch vigc Iam cho cdc ddi Mpng Id ngutt cd efing va chinh sdch xa hfii ddc bidt khac nhu: Thuong binh, bgnh binh gia dinh Ugt si, ngutt tin tit, dtt tugng xa bdi - Chinh sach vigc Iam Mudc hg Mdng chiiih sach xa hdi, nhung phuong Mtte va bign phip giai quydt vigc lam mang nfii dung ldnh td ddng Mtt Ugn quan d&i nhQng vdh di Mufie vd td chflc san xudt kinh doanh nhu: Tao mfii ttudng phap ly, vdn, lua chpn va chuydn giao cdng nghg, co sd ting, tbi trudng tidu Mu san phdm Chinh sdch vegido due - ddo tgo vd khoa hoc cong nghe Ddi v&i Unh vuc lao ddng, vigc lam, su phit tridn cua khoa hpc, cdng nghg mang lai nMdu ca hdi di ngutt cd Md phit huy kha ndng cfra minh nhung ddng Mtt cimg tao khdng it nhQng Mich Mflc Ngutt lao ddng mudn tfiich flng v^ cic cfing vide xa hfii ydu cdu, tmdc hdt hp phai Id nhung ngutt dugc trang bi nhit dinh vd khoa hge cfing nghg Tuy nMdn, ttong Muc td d nhQng nudc san xuit kem phit tridn Mudng ed mdu Mudn: Ndu edng nghg san xudt tidn tidn vdi cic ddy chuydn san xuit tu ddng hod, chuydn mdn hoi eao tM trinh dd ngutt Iao dfing ehua bdt kip dd dib ddn tlnh trang mfit bfi phdn ngutt lao ddng hi gat khdi qud binh san xudt kinh doanh Vl Md, bdn eanh cdng vific dao tao ndng eao trinh dd ldnh nghd cho ngutt Iao ddng, vdh dd lua chgn ip dung mflc dfi cfing nghg ndo ttong ddy ehuydn kinh doanh phai tuih todn thdn trgng Btt vdy, chmh sdch gido due - dao tao khoa hpc - cdng nghd cd tac dfing manh me ddn v&i dd giai quydt vige lam cho ngutt Iao ddng nfing Mdn Thi trudng lao ddng Hign nay, Mdn tucmg eung ldn hon eiu vd lao dfing da din ddn sflc dp rdt Idn vd vific ldm; cfl eiu kinh td dang qud tiinh chuydn dich, nhung didn cdn chdm vd khd khdn Cung ldn hem ciu vd Iao dfing Id Iao dfing tdng vdi ty lg cao, ddn TAP CHt G l A o D g c L t LUiikN - S(5 222 (2014) ddn mfii nam cd khoang trdn trigu Manh Men budc vao Mdi lao dfing Sd Mam gia vao thi ttudng lao dfing ngdy mfit ddng vd vdi kha nang tu giai quydt vigc Iam rit khic nhau, nhung cd didm chung Id khfing dugc dio tao nghd Vi vdy, cfing tdc day nghd vd phd cdp nghd trd Manh vdh dd cap bach vd ed tinh cMen luge, Ii khiu Men ehdt ning cao chit lugng vi sfle eanh tranh cua Iao dfing trfin thi tmdng Lao dfing ndng Mdn lufln cMdm hfln 70% lao dfing cfra ca nudc, ndu cM lam Muin nfing, tu eung, tu edp tM sd lao dfing tMdu hoic khfing ed vigc Iam se mfit tdng Sd ndy se tu phat di chuydn Manh phd hodc cdc khu cdng nghigp tip tmng dd fim kiem vige lam, Iam cho cung vd lao dflng ttdn thi ttudng lao dflng cing ldn Quan bg cung cdu vi lao dflng cdn cdng Ming vd mat kdt cdu din ddn tinh trang "Mit ngMgp ket cdu" Didu Md Mgn d chd, mdt sd ngdnh tidm ndng cdn ldn, ed kha nang Mu hut dugc nMdu lao dfing, nhung chua tao dugc nhflng didu kign dd bidn kha nang Manh Mdn Mue d mdt sd vung Trong kM dang cd xu hudng lao ddng bi ddy d mdt sfi' Unh vuc iH ddng Mtt mfit &6 Enh vuc vd cde hinh Mflc khic lai xuit Mgn kha ndng Mu hut Mfim lao dfing nhu kinb td hd gia dinh, cic doanh ngMgp nhd nhung Iai chua cd chuM sdch khuydn kM'ch Mda ding Dac bidt la tMdu ddi ngu Iao ddng cd trinh dd eao dd Iam vige mfit sd Unh vuc dp dung cdng nghg mtt Quan hi kinh ti'hgp tdc Trong didu kifin Md gitt nay, cin khai Mae vd sfr dung tdt cdc ydu td bdn ngoii, ddng Mtt phai phat huy tdi da ndi luc kdt hgp ndi luc v&i ngoai luc tbanh sflc manh tdng bgp ttong giai quydt vige iam mdt each ndng ddng, Mgu qua, bdn vung, trdnh dugc nhttng rfri ro Trong edng tie giai quydt vide Idm cho lao dfing ndng Mdn tM quan iig kinb id hgp tic duge dinh gia Ii mfit ydu td quan trpng hang diu Quan he hgp tdc didn gitta cde chfnh quydn dia phucmg ven eie efing ty ttong va ngoii nudc Thdng qua cac cdng ty nay, lao ddng cd Md tim dupe vide Idm tt cdc boat dfing pM nfing ngMgp nhu: lam cfing nhdn ttong cdc kiiu cfing ngMgp, khu kinh td, kiiu chd xudt hay giup vide gia (finh Thtt gian gin ddy, xudt khiu lao dfing dang la huttig giai quydt vige Idm cd Mgu qua cho lao ddng du Mfla cfra hdu hdt cic vung ndng Mfin.lEl 51 ... hodc cdc khu cdng nghigp tip tmng dd fim kiem vige lam, Iam cho cung vd lao dflng ttdn thi ttudng lao dflng cing ldn Quan bg cung cdu vi lao dflng cdn cdng Ming vd mat kdt cdu din ddn tinh trang... eanh tranh cua Iao dfing trfin thi tmdng Lao dfing ndng Mdn lufln cMdm hfln 70% lao dfing cfra ca nudc, ndu cM lam Muin nfing, tu eung, tu edp tM sd lao dfing tMdu hoic khfing ed vigc Iam se... cd tac dfing manh me ddn v&i dd giai quydt vige lam cho ngutt Iao ddng nfing Mdn Thi trudng lao ddng Hign nay, Mdn tucmg eung ldn hon eiu vd lao dfing da din ddn sflc dp rdt Idn vd vific ldm;