P h a t t r i e n c o n t h u c n g u o i o V i e t t r a n g v a g i a i N a m h i e n n a y : p h a p • ThS PHUNG DANH CUONG Trudng Dai hgc Cong nghiep Ha Noi T Dai hpi V I , thong qua duong loi ddi mdi, phat trien dat nude theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia va chu truong xoa bo co che tap trung quan lieu bao cap chuyen sang co che thi trudng, ddi mdi nhan thiic ve dudng di len chu nghia xa hdi, Dang ta da khang dinh phat trien ngudi Viet Nam toan dien la mot muc tieu co ban, moi chinh sach kinh te - xa hdi phai nham phat huy vai trd cua ngudi, xay dung va phat trien ngudi Phat trien ngudi khdng chi la tao dieu kien va co hdi cho ngudi phat trien, ma la nang cao nang luc sang tao ciia ngudi Vdi Dang ta, xay dung chii nghia xa hdi la xay dung xa hoi mdi, td't dep ma d dd, ngudi duqc giai phdng, cd du cac dieu kien de phat trien mpt each toan dien Dat ngudi vao vi tri trung tam, coi ngudi vua la muc tieu vita la dpng luc cua su phat trien, mpi chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nude ta deu tap trung vao muc tieu phat trien toan dien 38 ngudi, xet ca ve mat ca nhan cung nhu ve mat xa hpi Trong cdng cudc ddi mdi da't nude, chung ta da dac biet quan tam den "dau tu cho ngudi", coi dd la ke hoach dau tu cho su phat trien ve nhan each, tri tue, tinh cam, niem vui va hanh phuc ciia mdi ngudi dan, mdi gia dinh Neu coi phat tridn toan dien ngudi la khac phuc tinh trang tha hoa cua ngudi, phat trien mpt each hai hoa, can ddi tri tue va the luc, diic va tai, phat trien ca tinh va su phong phii cua ngudi, phat trien mpt each tu do, day dii va thich uhg vdi su bien ddi chiic nang xa hdi ciia ngudi, thi cd the ndi, phat trien ngudi, ngoai nhung mat, nhung pham chat nhu diic, tri, the, my, cung can phai quan tam phat trien nhung yeu to khac, nha't la kha nang thich uhg ciia ngudi vdi su phat trien va ddi hdi cang cao cua thuc tien, cua ddi song xa hpi Theo dd, cd the coi chi so HDI (chi so dua tren ba tieu chi: giao due, tudi thp va thu nhap) la cdng cu chuah, quan trpng nhung khdng phai la nha't de danh gia trinh dp phat trien ngudi Bdi le, su phat trien ngudi phu thudc vao cac ydu to khac, nhu dan tdc, che dp xa hpi, ddi ca yeu to van hoa va nhieu yeu to khac nua Trong nhuhg nam ddi mdi vita qua, chiing ta da dat dupe mpt so tuu quan trpng ve phat trien ngudi: Thu nhdt, chi so phdt Uiin ngudi Dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang, vdi nhung chinh sach phat trien kinh te, xa hpi, van hoa, giao due diing dan va thuc hien cd hieu qua chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo ciia Nha nude va su tham gia tich cue ciia mpi tang ldp nhan dan nhiing nam ddi mdi vda qua, ddi song vat chat va tinh than ciia nhan dan dupe nang len mpt budc dang ke Theo so lieu cua Tdng cue Thd'ng ke Nien giam thong ke ndm 2008, chi so phat trien ngudi nude ta da dupe nang len mpt budc dang ki Cu the, neu chi so phat trien ngudi (HDI) ciia nude ta nam 1991 dudi mdc Ly l u a n c h m h t r i & T r u y e n t h o n g So thdng 8-2010 Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM trung binh (0,498), thi den nam 2004, chi so la 0,691, nam 2005 la 0,714 va den nam 2008 la 0,733 Nhuhg so neu tren ve HDI da cho thay rang, "su phat trien kinh te cua Viet Nam co xu hudng phuc vu su phat trien nguoi, dam bao tien bo va cong bang xa hoi tot hon so vol mot so nu6c dang phat trien cd GDP binh quan dau ngudi cao hon nude ta" Sd di chiing ta dat duqc nhung ket qua nhu vay la nhd Dang va Nha nude ta da quan tam den cac chinh sach ve kinh te - xa hdi ddi vdi ngudi, giai quyet tot mdi quan he giua tang trudng kinh te vdi tien bd va cong bang xa hoi; thuc hien da dang hda cac hinh thdc phan phdi, thuc hien va bao dam cdng bang xa hoi tung budc phat trien De phat trien nguoi, theo quan diem chu nghia Mac Ixnin, trudc tien phai phat trien ldnh te, nang cao ddi song vat cha't cho nhan dan Su tang trudng ve kinh te nude ta qua hon 20 nam ddi mdi la co sd de nang cao ddi song ciia nhan dan ma trudc het la ddi song vat chat Doi song nhan dan duqc cai thien, cang duqc nang cao, mot mat, the hien ket qua cua su tang trudng kinh te b nude ta; mat khac, the hien tinh diing dan dudng Idi phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nude vi muc tieu nang cao ddi song cho nhan dan Theo thdng ke Bdo cao tong kit mot so vdn de ly ludn - thuc tiin qua 20 nam ddi mai (1986 (1) biet la ddng bao dan tpc thieu so Hoat dpng y te a nude ta mac dii da cd budc phat trien nhat dinh so vdi trudc day, song van chua dap ting dupe nhu ciu kham chua benh ciia nhan dan Mat khac, chinh sach dan so chua dupe thuc hien mpt each triet de, ty le ting dan so d khu vuc nong thdn, dac biet la d miln nui, d cac viing dan tpc thieu so van cao Do chiu anh hudng cua nhuhg tu tudng cu, lac hau - "trdi sinh voi, trdi sinh cd", trpng nam hon nu , ty le dan so d nude ta nhuhg nam gah day dang cd xu hudng ting nhanh Su gia tang dan so da tao nen mpt thach thiic, ap luc ldn khdng chi ddi vdi su phat trien kinh te, ma ca vdi su phat trien van hda - xa hpi Nhuhg dieu dd ddi hdi Dang, Nha nude va xa hpi phai quan tam va tao dilu kien nhilu hon nua cho su phat trien bin vung, toan dien cua ngudi Viet Nam hien D l thuc hien cd hieu qua nhiem vu nay, theo chiing tdi, can thuc hien mpt he thdng cac giai phap cd tinh toan dien, ddng bp; do, tip trung vao mpt so giai phap co ban sau: Mpt Id, ket hpp nang cao ddi song vat chat va ddi song tinh than cho nhan dan, gan tang trudng kinh te vdi thuc hien tien bd va cdng bang xa hpi; phat trien nln ldnh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia Nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va ddi song tinh than cho nhan din vua la muc tieu cua che dp ta, vua la mpt nhuhg ndi dung quan trpng chien lupc phat triln toan dien ngudi Viet Ly luan chinh t r i & Truyen thdng 41 Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM Nam hien Do vay, mot mat, chiing ta phai khong ngirng phat triln san xuat, xoa doi giam ngheo, cai thien va nang cao miic sdng ciia nhan dan; mat khac, can day manh qua trinh xay dung nln van hoa Viet Nam tien tiln, dam da ban sac dan tpc, tao diiu kien cho mpi ting ldp nhan dan, mpi viing mpi miln diu dupe thu hudng nhung tuu van hda tinh than va tham gia sang tao cac gia tri van hda tinh than mdi Chiing ta dang phan diu xay dung va phat triln dat nude theo dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghia Do vay, ciing vdi muc tieu ting trudng kinh te, can phai siic thuc hien tiin bp va cdng bang xa hpi tung budc phat trien Tang trudng kinh te tao dilu kien vung chac d l thuc hien tot hon su tiin bp va cdng bang xa hdi; din lupt minh, tiin bp va cdng bang xa hpi dupe bao dam lai la dpng luc thuc dly su ting trudng kinh t i Phat triln nin kinh t i thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chii nghia la van d i chien lupc su nghiep d l i mcd va xay dung chu nghia xa hpi a nude ta Nd khdng chi la phuong thiic de thiic diy nln kinh t i qudc dan phat triln, ma la mdi trudng b l i duong, ren luyen va tao nhiing ngudi Viet Nam mdi cd du nang luc dip iing yeu ciu ciia su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gin vdi phit triln kinh te tri thiic Hai la, tiep tuc d l i mod va chan su nghiep giio due dao tao Theo dd, cin quan triet ca nhan thiic l i n hoat 42 dpng thuc tiin cho giao due dao tao thuc su la qudc sach hang diu nhlm khdng chi phat trien kinh t i - xa hpi, m i hudng den ngudi ved tu cich la trung tam cua su phat triln kinh te - xa hpi Giao due - dao tao true tiep quyit dinh viec nang cao trinh dp hpc van, trinh dp khoa hpc - cdng nghe, t l chiic quin ly va nang luc thuc tiin cua ngudi Bdi vay, phat trien giao due - dio tao khdng nhuhg l i giai phap nln ting cho su phat triln ldnh te - xa hdi hien tai va tuong lai, m l l i phuong thiic huu hieu d l xay dung v i boi duong nhan each ngudi Ndi each khac, giao due dao tao cd anh hudng to ldn den su phit triln the luc, tri tue, dao ddc va nang luc sang tao cua ngudi - nhung to chat dac biet cin thiet cua ngudi xa hdi hien dai V i vay, chiing ta phai diu tu thoa dang cho su nghiep d l i mod va chin giao due - dao tao, coi dd la su diu tu cho phat triln bin vung, diu tu cho tuong lai Cung vdi su ting cuong diu tu, can khdng ngirng nang cao chat lupng ciia hoat dpng giao due - dao tao, bed dilu gin hin ved chat lupng nguin nhan luc - y i u to quyit dinh su phat trien bin vung Ba la, tiep tuc nang cao vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang va hieu qui quan ly cua Nha nude phat triln ngudi Phit triln ngudd ludn l i mpt qua trinh hoat dpng tu giic, cd y thdc V i vay, de phat triln ngudi toan dien, ddi hdi chiing ta phai khdng ngirng nang cao vai trd lanh dao din dit va dinh hudng cua Ding Cong san Viet Nam vdd tu each ding nhit cam quyin; ding thdi, nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng quan ly va dilu hanh cua Nha nude Theo dd, Dang cin tiep tuc xay dung va hoan thien chie'n lupc phit triln nguoi Viet Nam; xic dinh rd muc tieu, phuong hudng va nhiing giai phap cu the nham xay dung va phit trien toan dien nguoi dap ting yeu ciu cua su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hoa gin ved phit triln kinh tetri thiic Mat khic, Ding v i Nha nude phai xay dung v i td chiic thuc hien hieu qua he thd'ng cliinh sach phat triln kinh te - xa hpi ddng bp, dd ngudi la trung tam Tom lai, phat triln toan dien ngudi l i muc tieu cao ca, diy tinh nhan van cua Ding va Nha nude ta Dd la mpt qui trinh lau dii, mdt nhiem vu vd ciing kho khan ddi hdi phai cd su kien dinh vdd nhuhg giai phap ddng bp, toan dien v i phii hpp vdd diiu kien lich sir cu the cua dit nude Chiing ta tin tudng ring, dudd su lanh dao ciia Ding va su nd luc cua toan xa hdi, su nghiep xay dung va phat triln ngudi Viet Nam toan dien se tiep tuc thu dupe nhung tuu to ldhO 1, 2, 3, Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Ban Chap hanh Trung uong, Ban chi dao t6ng ket ly luan: Bdo cao tdng ket mpt s vdn de ly ludn - thuc tien qua 20 ndm mdi (1986-2006) Nxb CTQG, H.2005 tr.81-82, 80, 112 Ly luan chinh t r i & Truyen thdng So thdng 8-2010 ... binh quan cua 10 nam (1990 - 2000) dat 7,5 %; GDP nam 2000 tang hen lan so vdi nam 1990 Trong nam (2001 - 2005), GDP binh quan da tang gan 7,5% Thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi nam 1990 la 200 USD... tiin qua 20 nam ddi mai (1986 (1)