Vai trò cải cách thể chế đối với sự phát triển bền vững ở việt nam

V a i t r d c a i e a c h b e n t h e c h e v u n g o d o i V i e t • v d i s u p h a t t r i e n N a m • ThS NGUYEN T H j T H U HUCJNG Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyen Khai niem Phat trien ben vung Khai niem Phat trien ben vung (PTBV) bat dau thu hut su chii y cua cac nha khoa hoc cung nhu cac nha chinh tri til nhuhg nam dau thap nien 70 cua the'ky trubc hpi nghi Stockkholm (Thuy Dien) vao nam 1972 Ban dau, la moi quan tam doi voi su ben vung ve moi truong Tuy nhien, dan dan cac nha khoa hpc da nhan rang, de dat dupe su ben vuhg moi truong, khong the khong chii y den viec phat trien kinh te va giai quyet cac van de xa hpi Do do, khai niem PTBV da dan ma rong va da co rat nhieu each dinh nghia khai niem dupe dua Trong Bao cao 'Tuong lai cua chiing ta" cua Hpi dong The gidi v i Mdi truong va phat trien (WCED) cua Lien hop qudc, PTBV dupe dinh nghia la "su phat trien dap Ung dupe nhuhg yeu cau cua hien tai, nhung khong gay trd ngai cho viec dap ung nhu cau cua cac the he mai sau" Cho den nay, dinh ngMa van dupe sit dung rong rai Diem manh cua no la di cap den su cong bang giua cac the he, den viec can bang ipi ich cua cac the he hien tai va the he tuong lai Tuy nhien, mpt so nha nghien 24 ciiu cho rang dinh nghia thieu su r5 rang, bdi "nhu cau" khdng duoc xac dinh ro Hpi nghi Thuang dinh The gidi v i Mdi truong va phat trien, to chdc tai Rio de Janeiro (Braxin) nam 1992, da phat trien npi ham khai niem PTBV 'Tuyen ngon Rio 1992" dinh nghia PTBV nhu la "su phat trien kinh te - xa hpi lanh manh, dua tren viec sit dung hop ly tai nguyen va bao ve moi truong nham dap uhg nhu cau cua the he ngudi hien va khdng anh hudng bat loi ddi voi cac the he tuong lai viec thoa man nhuhg nhu cau cua hp" Theo do, dinh nghia da neu ro ba mang, hay gpi la ba tru cot (pillar) cua PTBV bao gom phat trien kinh te, phat trien xa hpi va bao ve mdi trudng Hon nua, nd cung tap trung vao su phat trien khong phai chi cho the he hien tai, ma cho ca cac the he tuong lai Noi each khac, dinh nghia cung hudng den viec dam bao su cong bang giQa cac the he Tom lai, cd the hieu PTBV la su phat trien v i kinh te va xa hpi di hen vdi bao ve moi truong va dam bao su can bang loi ich giua cac the he Nhu da d i cap d tren, ba tru cot cua PTBV thuong dupe nhac den la phat trien kinh te, giai quyet cac van d i xa hpi va bao ve moi truong (World Bank, 2002) V i kinh te, dd la nin kinh te tang trudng nhanh va on dinh Phat trien kinh te di hen vdi phat trien van hoa - xa hpi va bao ve tai nguyen moi truong V i mat xa hpi, PTBV cd nghia la nang cao mite song cua nguoi dan gan kin vdi dan chu, cdng bang va tien bp xa hpi Nhuhg dich vu dam bao chat lupng doi song, nhu giao due, dao tao, y teva phuc loi xa hpi can phai deh dupe vdi mpi ddi tupng cdng dan Nhuhg van di xa hpi, nhu xoa doi giam ngheo, phat trien nong thon, giai quyet viec lam, ma tuy, mai dam can dupe giai quyet mpt each hieu qua V i moi truong, dd la viec sit dung hpp ly tai nguyen t i i tao dupe va sit dung tiet kiem t i i nguyen khong t i i tao dupe Bao dam moi truong (tu nhien va xa hpi) khong bi suy thoai hoat dpng cua nguoi Ngoai tru cot, PTBV yeu cau can phai quan tam den nhuhg npi dung khac, nhu phat trien van hoa, giao due, khoa hpc - cong nghe, bao dam tu do, dan chu va phat trien nguoi Ly luan chinh t r i & Truyen thdng Sd thdng 8-2010 NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI hien chuong trinh da dupe de xuit Nam 2002, tai hpi nghi Thuang dinh the gidi ve PTBV tai Johannesburg (Cong hoa Nam 2.1 Khdi niem the che Phi), cac nude tham gia hpi nghi Mot so nha khoa hoc cho rang, da mpt lan nua khing dinh cam the che' la "luat choi", nghia la ket thuc hien Chuang trinh nghi nhiing quy dinh, nhuhg luat le ma su 21 ve PTBV va thong qua ban nhuhg nguoi tham gia phai tuan Tuyen bd Johannesburg va Ke thu theo hoach thuc hien PTBV, mpt l i n Theo Tic dien tieng Viet nua that chat cam ket thuc hien Hoang Phe chu bien, the che duqc PTBV va thiic diy the che' hoa hieu la "nhuhg quy dinh, luat le PTBV tren pham vi toan cau cua mot che xa hoi, bupc moi PTBV, til ch6 chi la mpt khai nguoi phai tuan theo" niem, mdi quan tam, mpt van de Platje da trich din lai quan da dupe quy dinh hoa, luat diem cua Douglas CNorth cho hoa, the che hoa va thuc hien tren ring, the che la "luat choi toan the' gidi mot xa hoi nhat dinh" Nhu vay, Viet Nam ban hanh Dinh theo each hilu nay, the che chi bao hudng chien lupc PTBV d Viet gom nhuhg quy dinh, luat le, ma 2.2 Viec the che hod PTBV tren Nam muon hon so voi nhieu nude the gidi vd a Viet Nam khong bao ham ban than cac to khu vuc (nhu Trung Qudc, chiic va thiet che xa hoi duqc Hpi nghi Thuong dinh the gioi Malaysia, Singapore ), vao nam lap de dim bao luat choi ve Moi truong va phat trien nam 2004 (kem vdi quyet dinh sd The che co the bao gom the che 1992 da danh diu su dong thuan 153/2004/QD-TTg) Tuy nhien, chinh thiic (nhu nguyen tic, phap cua 179 nubc tham gia Hpi nghi trudc do, Qiinh phu cung da cd luat, hie'n phap) va nhuhg luat le viec cam ket thuc hien nhuhg nd luc the chehoi viec thuc khong chinh thiic (nhu van hoa, Tuyen bb moi truong va phat trien hien PTBV, da cir phai doan tham gia tri, nguyen tic dao diic ) Rio de Janeiro (gom 27 nguyen gia cac hpi nghi Rio de Janeiro va Mpt so nha nghien ciiu khac tic) va Chuong trinh nghi su 21 Johannesburg va cam ket thuc coi the che khong chi bao gom (Agenda 21) - phac thao nhuhg hien Chuang trinh nghi su 21 nhuhg quy dinh, luat le, ma giai phap PTBV chung cho toin Nam 1991, Ke hoach qud'c gia ve bao gom ca nhuhg to chiic nua the gioi the'ky XXI Sau Hpi Mdi UUdng va PTBV giai doan Ngan hang The gioi dinh nghia nghi nay, nhieu nubc da spin cu 1991-2000 da dupe ban hanh the che la "nhuhg quy dinh va to the hoa Chuong trinh nghi su 21 ciing vdi quyet dinh so 187-CT chiic, bao gom ca chinh thiic l i n ve PTBV, vi du Chinh phu Anh da 12.6.1991 Cung voi su phat khong chinh thiic, dieu phoi hoat ban hanh Chien lupc PTBV chi trien kinh te - xa hpi ciia dit nude, dpng cua nguoi" Vbi each nam sau Hpi nghi (1994) Chinh phu da nhan tim quan hieu nhu vay, the che khong chi Theo so lieu cua Chinh phu trpng ciia viec thuc hien PTBV va bao ham "luat choi", ma gom Viet Nam, tinh den nam 2004 da cang cd nhieu bien phap, ca "nguoi choi", bao gom: tai san cb toi 113 nubc the che hoa PTBV quyet dinh de chinh thdc the che' xa hpi (niem tin, gia tri dupe thita bang each xay dung cac Chuong hoa PTBV, vi du nhu Chi thi so nhan, ton giao, mang ludi quan trinh nghi su 21 Cb 6.416 chuang 36-CTTW 25.6.1998 cua he, quy chuan); luat le (bao gom trinh nghi su 21 cap dia phuong da Bp Chinh tri ve Tdng cudng cdng cac quy dinh, truyen thong, dupe de xuat va thuc hien va cac tdc bdo ve mdi trudng thdi nguyen tic, phap luat, va hien qudc gia tren cung da lap ky cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod phap) cung nhu cac to chiic (cac nhuhg ca quan dpc lap de thuc da't nude Neu so sanh quan diem The che hoa PTBV va cai each the che a Viet Nam co quan ciia chinh phu, cac cong ty, cac to chiic xa hpi dan su, canh sat, toa an )' ' Viet Nam, khai niem the che' dupe tiep can theo each thii nhat Trong Chuong trinh tong the cdi each hanh chinh nhd nUdc giai doan 2001-2010, cai each the che va cai each to chiic bp may hanh chinh dupe hieu la hai npi dung dpc lap Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi cuhg se tiep can khai niem the che' theo each thii nhat (khong bao gom ban than cac to chiic ma chi bao gom cac quy dinh, luat le) va chi tap trung vao nhuhg yeu to chinh thiic cua thi che', bao gom luat, nguyen tic, quyet dinh, hien phap Sd thdng 8-2010 Ly luan chinh t r i & Truyen thdng 25 NGHIEN CUTJ - TRAO DOI phat trien cua Dai hoi VU voi Dai hoi LX va X, co the thay ro su chuyen bien chu truong PTBV cua Dang ta Tai Dai hoi VU, quan diem phat trien cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam la "Phat trien kinh te - xd hoi theo dudng cung cd doc idp ddn tdc va xay dung chii nghia xd hpi d nude ta la qua trinh thuc hien ddn giau, nude manh, tien len hien dpi Uong mpt xd hpi nhdn ddn lam chu, nhdn di, cd van hod, cd ky cuong, xoa bd dp bite, bdt cdng, tao dieu kien cho mpi ngudi cd cudc song dm no, hi do, hanh phuc" \ Bat dau tir Dai hoi LX va X, chien luqc phat trien cua Viet Nam la "Phat hien nhanh, hieu qua va bin viing, tdng trudng kinh ti' di ddi vdi thuc hien tien bp, cdng bang xd hpi vd bdo ve mdi tntdng" ' Ro rang, duong Idi chu truong, chinh sach ldn cua Dang va Nha nude ve phat trien kinh te - xa hoi da tap trung vao chien luqc PTBV Nhuhg dinh hudng, chu truong, chinh sach ldn tren duqc td chdc thuc hien thong qua viec lap Van phong PTBV (Van phong 21) dat tai 136 Ke hoach va Dau tu, Van phong PTBV cua nganh tai nguyen moi trudng (Van phong 21 - Bp Tai nguyen va Moi truong) va lap Hpi ddng PTBV qudc gia (theo quyet dinh so 1032/QD-TTg 27.9.2005) Chuong trinh nghi su 21 cua nganh tai nguyen moi truong va cua tinh (Son La, Thai Nguyen, Ninh Binh, Quang Nam, Lam Ddng va Ben Tre) da dupe phe duyet Nhieu tinh khac dang xay dung Chuong trinh ngW su21 Ngoai ra, he thdng cac chinh a 26 sach va van ban phap luat quan trpng ve cong tac ke hoach hoa va quan ly phat trien tren cac mat kinh te, xa hpi va bao ve moi trudng, ve co ban, da dupe ban hanh; he thong co quan quan ly nha nude ve phat men kinh te, xa hpi, bao ve moi truong d cac cap da dupe lap ddng bp, co chiic nang, nhiem vu va co cau td chiic ro rang, dang hoat dpng hieu qua Nhu vay, cung vdi viec ban hanh Dinh hudng Chien lupc PTBV d Viet Nam, cd the thay rang, PTBV da di vao chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude, noi each khac, da dupe the che hoa va td chiic thuc hien cMnh thiic tai Viet Nam 2.3 Cdi each the che d Viet Nam chuong trinh tap trung vao cai each the che': chuong trinh "Dot moi cong tic xay dung, ban hanh va nang cao chat lupng van ban quy pham phap luat" (do Bp Tu Phap va Van phong Chinh phu chii tri) va chuong trinh "Hien dai hoa hanh chinh" (do Van phong Oahh phu chu tri) Nhuhg co che cai each, sang kie'n thi diem, nhu ca che mpt cira, cai each thu tuc hanh chinh cang bien, ISO 9000 quin ly hanh chinh, chinh phu dien tir va he thdng quan ly theo ket qua deu tip trung vao mang cai each the che hanh chinh cua Viet Nam Nhu vay, cd the thay rang, nhirng nam qua, cung vdi viec trien khai thuc hien PTBV a Viet Nam, da co nhung bien chuyen ldh he thdng hanh chinh qudc gia, dac biet la nhuhg thay ddi ve the che' Vay, nhuhg thay ddi ddng vai tro nhu the nao ddi vdi PTBV d Viet Nam? Nam 2001, Chuong trinh tdng the cdi each hanh chinh nhd nUdc giai doan 2001-2010 dupe ban hanh Mpt npi dung chinh cua chuong trinh la cai each Vai tro cua cai each the che the che vdi nhuhg npi dung sau: ddi vdi PTBV d Viet Nam Thd nhat, xay dung va hoan thien cac the che, trudc het la the 3.1 Vai trd cua the che ddi vdi che kinh te' cua nen kinh te' thi PTBV trudng dinh hudng XHCN, the che've td chiic va hoat dpng cua he Tam quan trpng ciia the' che thdng hanh chinh nha nude kinh te - xa hpi ddi voi PTBV da Thu hai, ddi mdi quy trinh xay thu hut su quan tim ciia nhieu nha dung va ban hanh van ban quy nghien ciiu pham phap luat Bao cao cua Ngan hang The ThU ba, bao dam viec td chiic, gioi da chi rang, the che ddng thuc thi phap luat nghiem minh vai tro thiet yeu doi voi PTBV va cua co quan nha nude, cua can bp, cong bang Neu cac td cua cong chiic the che hoat dpng tot, dieu se ThU tu,tieptuc cai each thu tuc tao dieu kien cho ngudi hop hanh chinh tie chat che voi de cung Khong chi dung lai d nhuhg hudng tdi su phat trien vi cong dinh hudng chung, chuong dong The che yeu kem se khien trinh hanh dpng thuc hien Chuong nguoi hanh dpng mpt each trinh tdng the cdi each hanh chinh ich ky, vi loi ich ca nhan va pha vo nhd nude giai doan 2001-2010, co nhuhg nd luc cho phat trien Ly luan chinh t r i & Truyen thong So thdng 8-2010 NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI Roy va Tisdell da nghien cuu anh huong cua the che doi voi PTBV thong qua quan ly nha nude (governance) Hai ong da tit nghien cuu ve anh huong ciia tap trung va phan quyen quyen luc quan ly nha nude d An Do ddi vdi cac chtnh sach kinh te - xa hoi ma chi rang, cac chinh sach kinh te phu hop se khong dat duqc su PTBV neu khdng duqc thuc thi mot each hieu qua Nhung viec thuc thi hieu qua cac chinh sach lai phu thuoc vao viec quan ly nha nude hieu qua (good governance) Den luot no, quan ly nha nude hieu qua lai le thuoc phan ldn vao nhuhg the che phu hop Do do, chinh sach kinh te can duqc hd trg boi the che phu hop hoac nhuhg thay doi the che hieu qua nham dat dugc su PTBV Nhin tir khia canh kinh te hpc the che, Joost Platje da phan tich anh hudng cua nhuhg td bao ham khai niem "tai san ve the che" (institutional capital) ddi vbi PTBV Theo Platje, "tai san the che" cua mpt xa hpi bao gom to: linh vuc cong, sire manh cua the che, chat lupng quan ly dieu hanh va trang thai can bang cua the che (cac the che khong chinh thiic hd trp cho thuc hien nhuhg the che chinh thiic) Ong da chi ro va phan tich anh huong cua td ddi vdi PTBV va cho rang, "tai san the che" la nhan td thiet yeu cho PTBV va la tai san quy gia ddi vdi toan xa hpi Mpt nhuhg chu de chinh cua Hpi nghi Thugng dinh The gioi la anh hudng cua viec quan ly nha nude hieu qua ddi vdi PTBV Quan ly nha nude hieu qua dugc coi la mpt yeu td then chot de Sd thdng 8-2010 PTBV Viec quan ly nha nude hieu qua rd rang phu thuoc vao cac the che cua mpt xa hpi nhat dinh Nhu vay, tit viec diem qua mpt sd nghien ciiu tren the' gidi cd the thay rang, the che la mpt to thiet yeu, co anh hudng ldh ddi vdi su PTBV ciia mpt xa hpi Nhan thay ro vai tro ciia the che' ddi vdi PTBV ve mpi mat (kinh te, xa hpi, bao ve moi truong), Ngan hang The gidi da de xuat viec cai thien the che "d nhieu cap - tir dia phuong tdi toan cau"; xay dung the che'mdi de giai quyet nhuhg hau qua cua phat trien kinh te, khuyen khich sang kien cai each the che tut khu vuc hanh chinh cong, khu vuc tu nhan cung nhu tir cac td chiic xa hpi dan su Ngoai ra, can su phdi ket ve the che tren pham vi toan cau 3.2 Tdc dung cud cdi each the che ddi vdi PTBV a Viet Nam O cac nude phat trien, nen tang the che vung chac se dong gop khong nho vao viec phat trien kinh te di doi vdi giai quyet cac van de xa hpi va bao ve moi trudng Do do, that khdng ngac nhien ta thay nhuhg nude phat trien dd da nhanh chong dua dupe chie'n lupc PTBV va viec thuc Men dat nhieu tuu to ldn, nhu d Anh, Thuy Dien, Uc Viet Nam la mpt nude dang phat trien, voi rit nhieu bat cap ve mat the che hoan canh lich sir, nhung kho khan ve kinh te, xa hpi de lai, thi viec cai each the che la mpt doi hoi thiet yeu khong the thieu neu mudn PTBV Trong Dinh hudng chien luac PTBV d Viet Nam, mpt so han che gay can trd ddi voi PTBV da dugc neu ra: "Viec phdi hgp giua cac co quan co hen quan den cong tac bao ve moi truong chua that hpp ly, thong tin cham cap nhat, chua dap iing kip thoi nhu cau dieu chinh cac chinh sach va ke' hoach cua nganh mdi truong va cac nganh kinh te, xa hpi khac Con thieu nhieu van ban dudi luat va cac hudng din thi hanh Dac biet, thieu cac bien phap va cong cu kinh te de thiic day cong tac bao ve moi truong cung nhu xir ly nhuhg vi pham moi trudng Chie'n lupc va ke' hoach hanh dpng ve moi truong dugc xay dung tuong ddi dpc lap vdi cac nganh kinh te, xa hpi hoac thieu su tham gia cua cac ddi tie cd hen quan ciing nhu cac cong dong dan cu nen tinh kha thi han che" Rd rang, khd khan dupe neu d tren chinh la nhuhg kho khan, yeu kem ve mat the che Do dd, cd the khang dinh, cai each the chd Viet Nam cd vai tro then chd't ddi vdi viec dim bao PTBV ve ca mat: kinh te, xa hpi va bao ve moi trudng Vai tro the hien a nhuhg mat sau: ThU nhdi, cai each the che se dong vai tro thiic day tfnh hieu qua cua chinh nhiing the che PTBV da neu a tren Trudc het, cai each the che se dim bao cho viec thuc hien hieu qua Chuong trinh nghi su 21 cap qudc gia ciia Viet Nam cung nhu viec thuc hien Chuong trinh 21 cua cac nganh va dia phuong Co che phdi hop hieu qua giua cac co quan td chiic ve PTBV, nhu Van phong PTBV (Van phong 21- Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu), van phong PTBV cua nganh tai nguyen moi truong (Van phong 21-Bp Tai nguyen va Moi truong), Hpi dong PTBV Qudc gia va cac co quan PTBV L y luan chinh t r i & Truyen thdng 27 NGHIEN ClTU - TRAO DOI cua cac dia phuong va nganh khac se dam bao cho viec thuc hien tot nhung chii truong, chinh sach ve PTBV Dong thoi, cai each the che se dong gop to Ion vao viec trien khai thuc hien nhuhg chii truong, chinh sach Ion cua Dang va Nha nude ve moi truong, va dinh hudng phat trien ciia Dai hoi Dang lan thd LX va X Viec xay dung cac the che, doi moi quy trinh xay dung va ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat, bao dam viec td chiic thuc thi phap luat nghiem minh cua co quan nha nude, ciia can bo, cong chiic, va cai each thu tuc hanh chinh deu gop phan luat hoa, the che'hoa va thuc hien hieu qua cac chii truong chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude vePTBV TM hai, cai each the che noi chung se nang cao hieu qua cua viec thuc hien nhuhg chii truong, chinh sach ldn ve" kinh te, xa hoi, bao ve moi truong va do, se thiic day PTBV d Viet Nam Cai each the che se giiip "luat choi" duqc ro rang, minh bach va thuc Men ngMem minh hon; do, se ket hop hoat dong cua nguoi tirng linh vuc mot each nhuan nhuyeh va Meu qua Hon nua, cai each the che se giiip phdi hop mot each chat che giua cac bo, ban nganh, dia phuong ba linh vuc: phat trien kinh te, giai quyet cac van de xa hpi va bao ve moi truong Dieu dac Met quan trpng, bdi viec phdi hpp giua cac linh vuc se dem lai Meu qua cao hon nMeu so voi viec giai quyet timg linh vuc mpt Mot nhiing co che cai each hudng vao cai each the che hanh chinh d Viet Nam chinh la co che cai each hanh chinh "mpt 28 cim" "Mpt cua" la co che giai quyet cong viec cua td chiic cong dan thuoc tham quyen cua ca quan hanh chinh nha nude tut tiep nhan yeu cau, hd so den tra lai ket qua thdng qua mpt dau mdi la "bp phan tiep nhan va tra ket qua" tai ca quan hanh chfnh nha nude Ca che "mpt cita" hudng den su thuan loi cho cong dan kM giao dich voi ca quan quan ly nha nude, giam nhuhg pMen cho td chiic va cdng dan, d dd, cac co quan nha nude cMu trach nhiem phdi hop hoat dpng de cung cap dich vu cho nguoi dan ma ngudi dan khong phai tu hen he vdi nMeu ca quan mpt liic Thuc ra, ca che mpt cita da dupe ap dung d Viet Nam tir nhuhg nam dau cua thap Men 90, nhung mdi cM diing d viec quan ly nhuhg du an co vdn dau tu true tiep tit nude ngoai Sau do, chuang trinh tM diem thuc Men ca che "mpt cita" da dupe thuc Men d mpt sd tinh nhu phd Ho CM Minh, Ha Npi, Hai Phong, Binh Duong, Hoa Binh Sau kM tong ket chuong trinh thf diem, Bp Npi vu da xay dung quy che thuc Men ca che "mpt cita" tai ca quan hanh chinh nha nude d dia phuang va da dupe phe duyet, trien khai thuc Men tit nam 2004 (vdi cap huyen) va 2005 (vdi cap xa) Viec thuc Men ca che "mpt cita" da dat dupe nhuhg ket qua quan trpng, dac Met la cac hnh vuc phat trien kinh te, xa hpi va bao ve moi truong Tren hnh vuc kinh te, ca che "mpt cita" da giai quyet dupe mpt so vudng mac ldn, nhu thii tuc lap doanh ngMep, cap giay phep dau tu, cap giay chiing nhan dang ky kinh doanh, cap giay dang ky quyen sir dung dat, giay phep xay dung, cac thu tuc thue, hai quan, xuat nhap khau Ve mat xa hpi, la viec giai quyet nhuhg vudng mac ve chinh sach xa hpi, ve giao due dao tao, nhuhg van de hen quan true tiep den doi song nhan dan, nhu quan ly hp tich, hp khau, cong chiing, van hoa thdng tin Ve mdi trudng, quy trinh thuc Men nhuhg quy dinh ve moi trudng da trd nen de dang han, ddng gop khong nho vao viec tuan thu nhuhg quy dinh cua luat phap ve bao ve moi trudng Vdi viec thuc Men ca che' nay, ngudi dan cung nhu nhuhg nha dau tu va ngoai nude hai long va tin tudng hon vao chhh sach phat trien ciia Viet Nam, giiip Viet Nam lot vao nhom 10 qudc gia cd tdc dp cai each nhanh nhat the gioi Bao cao cua Bp Npi vu cung cM rang, nhuhg dia phuong thuc Men td't chuang trinh cai each hanh chinh, dac Met la ca che "mpt cita", nhu Binh Duong, Ba Pua - Vung Tau, Vinh Phuc, phd Da Nang, phd Hd CM Minh dat dupe su phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tot va ben viing Qua phan tich tac dung cua ca che cai each "mpt cita", cd the thay rang, cai each the che da dong gop quan trpng vao PTBV d Viet Nam^ World Bank (2002) World Development Report 2003 - Sustain Development in a Dynamic World Transforming Institutions, Growth Quality of life, tr 38 Dang Cong san Viet Nam Vdn kien Dai hpi Ddng thai ky ddi mai, N CTQG, H 2005, tr 337,699 Ly luan chinh t r i & Truyen thdng Sd thdng 8-2010 ... ddng vai tro nhu the nao ddi vdi PTBV d Viet Nam? Nam 2001, Chuong trinh tdng the cdi each hanh chinh nhd nUdc giai doan 2001-2010 dupe ban hanh Mpt npi dung chinh cua chuong trinh la cai each Vai. .. the chd Viet Nam cd vai tro then chd't ddi vdi viec dim bao PTBV ve ca mat: kinh te, xa hpi va bao ve moi trudng Vai tro the hien a nhuhg mat sau: ThU nhdi, cai each the che se dong vai tro thiic... trung vao mang cai each the che hanh chinh cua Viet Nam Nhu vay, cd the thay rang, nhirng nam qua, cung vdi viec trien khai thuc hien PTBV a Viet Nam, da co nhung bien chuyen ldh he thdng hanh chinh