THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO OOl SU phan tang xa ho! va chien iuoc an sinh xa hoi 01 nir6c ta hien • TS NGO VAN LLTONG Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyen T d sau Dai hdi Dang VI ndm 1986 den nay, Viet Nam ddn chuyen td ndn kinh te tap ttung quan beu bao cap sang ndn kinh te hang hda nhieu phdn van banh theo CO che tbi tradng ed sy quan ly eua nha nude Cong cugc ddi mdi dd da dem lai nhiing bien ddi sdu sdc tten cdc linh vyc: kinh te, van hod, cbinh tri Co che tbi tradng lam thay ddi bg mat ea nong thon vd thdnh thj, nd kieb thich sy dua ttanh de tdn tai vd phdt ttien cua mdi ea nhdn, mdi nhdm xa hpi khde Dd ciing la sy sang lgc ve nang lye, trinh do, CO hgi eua mdi cd nhdn, mdi nhdm ngudd mudn dat vj tti cao ttong xa hoi Nhting qua nen kinh te thj tradng dem lai la sy phdt trien chenh lech giua ede bd phdn ddn eu Viet Nam, giua nong thon va thj, giua cdc khu vyc khac nhau, vd dd cting la nguyen nhdn cua bdt binh ddng, tao sy phdn boa giau ngheo, sy phan tang xa hgi Nude ta dang ttong qud trinh thyc bien eong nghiep boa - bien dai boa, gdn lien vdi nd la tdc do thi boa manh me Dd la ket 28 qua tdi yeu cua sy phat trien kinh te, sy dng dyng khoa bgc, ky diudt vd eong nghe mdd thdc day xu budng chuyen djch ca eau kinh te W ndng nghiep sang cdng nghiep vd djchvu Viee md rdng dd thj, ket hgp xdy dyng cdc khu eong nghiep, khu ehung cu cao tdng, cac khu vui chai giai tri tai vimg ven dang trd thdnh nhu cdu thiet yeu eua xa hgi, va la dgng lyc nhdm thay ddi chdi lugng ddi sdng eon ngucd Qua trinh thj boa cang lam thay ddi nep sdng gian don cua nhiing ngudd ndng ddn vdn cbi quen vdi ddng radng Do tbi hda gdn vdi thu bdi ddi nong nghiep ddng nghla vdi viee mat di tdi san, vdn W beu sdn xudt co ban nhat eua ngudi nong ddn, buoc bg phdi diay ddi vd ea cdu nghe nghiep, co cdu thu nhap cua bg gia dinh Ddy cbinh Id mgt ttong nhung nguyen nhdn lam thay ddi mue sdng ciia ngudi dan Sy bien ddi mdc sdng ddn den khoang cdch giau ngheo cang gia tdng, tac dgng den nhieu khia canh khde ttong xa hgi nhu: vj the, vai ttd, uy tin cua cac bg gia dinh vd ca nhan Giao su Tuong Lai da tap trung tim hieu dien mao ciia sy phdn tang xa hoi ttong thdd ky ddi mod qua cac chi bao: diu nhap, dja vi, mdc sdng, nghd nghiep ttong cdng tnnh nghien cdu "Khao sit xahgi hgc viphan ting xahpi - casdlyluan va phuang phip luari', va da dua ket ludn: mdc sdng ttung binh cua ngucd dan dd tbi cao hon nhieu so vdd ngudi ddn nong thon Trong cudn " Van di ngheo ddi d VietNarri' mdc sdng dugc coi nhu he qua, ddng thdi cung la nguyen nhdn cua tinh ttang ddi ngheo Cudn sach khao sat tten pham vi ca nude ve van dd ngheo ddi, ttong dd chu y nhieu tdi cO hdi tiep can cdc djch vy xa hoi eua ngucd ngheo la giao due va y te Cdc tac gia cudn sach cho rdng 90% ngudi ngheo d nude ta ndm d khu vyc ndng thdn va ho rat it ed kha ndng dugc hudng thy nhung dich vu tten mdt each thoa dang Ddi wgng nghien ciiu cua cdng trinh la ddi ngheo dya tren sy ludng vd mdc sdng, ca vdt chat vd tinh thdnJ Trong nhting ndm qua cac tJ chde qudc te nhu Lien hgp qudc* Ngdn bang the gidi da diyc hien Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng Sdihing 1+2-2011 NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu Noi dung cbinh eua cac cugc nghien cdu ndy la thong qua mue sdng de xdc djnh mue tang tradng kinh te d Viet Nam Phdn tang xa hoi Id khdi niem CO ban cua xa hoi hgc Cd rat nhieu nha xa hgi bgc da dd cap den khdi niem ndy Nha xa hoi bgc ngudi Ddc M.Weber (18641920), cho rdng: "Ting xahpi la mpt cap dp cua xa hpi dtia trin giai cap, chung tdc hay dieu kien kinh ti': ddphan ting xa hpi li phan chia xa hpi cic ldp hoac cic cap dp khic nhad' Ong da chi tieu chi ca ban de phan tang: dja vj xa hgi (uy tin); dja vj chinh trj (quydn lyc); dja vi kinh te (tai san) Quan diem ndy cho tbdy phdn tdng xa hgi bao ham ea viee phan chia xa boi thdnh giai cap Cdn theo T.Parson: "Phin ting xa hdi li su sip xi'p cic ci nhin via mpt hi thdng xa hpi tren casdphan chia nhiing ngach bic va tiiu chuin chung vi gii tif Theo ong, cd nhom tieu cbi de phdn biet: nhdm thu nhat, dugc cdu tao bdi cdc dac tinb bam sinh eua ngudi (dac diem ddn tgc, gidi tinh, wdi, cac quan he thdn tgc, dac diem the chat vd m' tue) Nhdm thd hai bao gdm cdc tieu chi cd lien quan den viee thyc bien vai ttd, nhu cdc dang boat dgng nghe nghiep khac Nhdm thu ba, tap ttung vao cdc thimh td "chiem biiu", bao gdm quyen sd huu tai san, cdc gia ttj vd vat chat va tinb than, cdc quyen uu lien, uu dai bang boa cac loai Nbu vay dja vi kinh te Sdihing 1+2-2011 (tai san) la mgt nhting tieu cbi khdng the thieu xac dinh phan tdng xa hoi, mac du quyen lye "do kinh te quyet djnh" ed nhien khdng ddng nhat vdi quydn lyc nhu nd tdn tai Trong nhiing ndm qua, d Viet Nam cd rdi nhieu cong trinh nghien cdu ve phdn tdng xa boi, phdn ldn cdc nghien cuu chu yeu xem xet phan tang vd kinh te Dd la xem xet theo thu nhap binh qudn dau ngudi/nam hoac xem xet theo mdc tieu dung, hoac theo mdc cbi tieu Hay tdng quan chung, cdn ggi la phan tang theo mdc sdng, dya tten mdc sdng de phdn djnh cdc tang bac dan cu xa hgi Nbu vay xem xet mdc sdng la de ly giai phan tdng xa hgi Trong xa hgi bien nay, phan tang xa boi theo mdc sdng chu yeu dya tren ea sd kiem sodt khong ngang ddi vdi ngudn lyc kinh te, ma ca nhan gianh dugc quyen lyc, uy tin vd dja vi xa hoi thong qua viec kiem sodt vdi ngudn lye kinh te dd, De co dugc uy tin va dja vj, bo khong ngtmg tim each ddu W de ed thd sinh lgi ve mat kinh te vd ed nbu vay bo mod tri dugc vj tti cua minh xa hgi Mac du chdng ta ngdm djnh khong phai uy tin va dja vj ndo cung cd sy rang buoc ve mat kinh te, song cung khong the phu nhan dugc phan tang xa hgi dieo mdc sdng dya vao kinh te thi ed nhieu kha nang tao cho mgi ngudi chuyen ddi td vj tri ed dja vj thap Ien vj tri xa hoi cao ban Sy kiem soat rdi khac vd kinh te cung nhu ve ldi sdng giua cac giai tdng phan tdng xa boi ma dde trung eua nd la sy phan biet ve mdc sdng, ve eae didu kien san xudi, hudng thy van hda, ndng cao ddi sdng vdt chat vd tinb thdn giua cdc nhdm ngudi ttong mdt eong ddng giai cap, lanh did, tdng ldp, gidi, cac yeu td xa hoi, kinh te nhat djnh quyet djnh Day cung ehinh la co sd de neu len dugc phan tang xa hoi theo mdc sdng Thai vd sy gidu cd vdt chat phan anh mot khia canh quan trong bcb sd phdt trien lau ddi eua tu tudng nhan loai Con ngudi mudn sdng nhiing didu kien vat chat cang tdt ban dd cd them khong gian va thai gian thudng thdc chan gia trj cua cugc sdng Dd la dieu hoan loan cbinh dang Thu nhap khong phan anh ttye tiep ve sy bien ddi mdc sdng nhung nd la didu kien gidn tiep de neu len sy phan chia co ban nhat vi mdc sdng Trong xa boi co the ed nhieu ngudi thu nhap cao nhung lai co dieu kien sinh boat vat chat va tinb than thap Bdi bo su dung phan ldn sd tidn thu nhap cua minh vao ede muc dich khac, ngoai chi tieu cho tieu dung Hg CO the dau M nhieu vao san xuat kinh doanh, buon ban hoac gui tien vao ngan hang de sinh lgi ban Id viec quan tdm de'n the chat, y te cham sdc sdc khoe, bay nhtrng nhu cdu giai m' nbu cdu vd mat tinb than, gdn nbu bj lang quen Dya tren phuong tien sinh boat phuc vy nhu eau giai tri nhu cdc phuong tien traydn thong dai chung: tivi, dai bdo chi cd the Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng 29 Ti NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO OOl xem xet mdc dg theo ddi, tham gia thu nhan thdng tin va ndng cao tam hieu biei eua hd gia dinh Ngodi cdc binh thdc tren, cac ea nhan cdn ed ede nhu cdu giai tri khde nhu di tham quan, du ljch hay thudng thuc phim anh, ea nhac Khong chi quan tdm den mat tinh than ma can phai quan tdm deii mat the chat, dd la mue khdm chua benh, tham gia bdo hiem xa boi bay cham sdc sdc khoe djnh ky eua ede thdnh vien ttong gia dinh Song song vdi sy phat trien va nhung bien ddi tten, anh budng eua nen kinh te du tradng da gdp phdn khong nhd den tinh ndng dong, nhay ben cua ngudi dan, ddc biet nhung ddi wgng mat W beu san xuat thi cang phai nd lye ban bao gid hei Ndn kinh te tbi tmdng tao nen sy canh ttanh gay gdt giua cac ea nhdn, cdc nhdm ngudi ttong xa hoi Mdi ed nhdn phai hanh dong theo quy luat cung, cduttongloan xa boi Kei qua la Igi ich cua ed nhan, lgi Ich eua eong ddng va lgi ich eua loan xd hgi dugc thuc ddy, td tao ddng lye phat trien san xuat ndng cao ddi sdng ca ve vdt chat vd tinh than Xa boi cdng phdt trien, trinh ddn tri ngdy cang nang cao Sy bieu biei cua eon ngucd ket hgp vdi sytiiodman nhu cdu ve lgi ich cua cd nhdn dugc thuc ddy Mgt cuoc sdng sung Wc, ddy du tien nghi bien dai la udc mudn cua mgi cd nhdn, ede nha nghien cdu xa boi hoc ggi dd la "sy lien ted ldi sdng thj" Do eo nhting bien ddi ttong ldi sdng, chju anh budng khd sau sdc cua qua 30 trinh thj bod, sy bien ddi mdc sdng vd vat chat eua ngucd ddn ed nhidu thay ddi Cd die ndi dd la cdc cbi bdo dung ludng mdc dat dugc vd co sd vdt chat, gdn bdn vdi sinh boat hdng cua ea nhdn va bg gia dinh Sy gidu ed gia tang ben canh sy ngheo khd khong giam Sy bdi nhap giua tbi va nong thon la CO hgi thudn lgi de ndng cao dcd sdng ddn eu vd co che thi tradng tao nen sy canhttanhgay gdt buoc ngucd phai cd sy ndng ddng de nhanh chdng thich dng vdi hoan canh mcd Ngoai nhiing bo red vao mdc ngheo khong cd nang lye tnnh cung nbu tay nghd, nen khong thd chuyen ddi nghd nghiep sang binh thdc khde ed thu nhap cao ban, nhung ed sy didu tiet cua nhd nude, phdn ldn ddn cu deu thich nghi vdi hoan canh, didu kien mod Cbi bdo tdi san rat quan trgng ttong nghien cdu mdc sdng Cd the thong qua cbi bdo tai san eua mdi ca nhdn de nhdn djnh mdc sdng cua ca nhdn bay gia dinh d thang bde nao, gidu bay ngheo Tai san cd the la co sd tac dgng tryc tiep den thu nhap, dja vi, ldi sdng eua mdi ea nhdn Hon nua, tai san gidp ban thdn eon ngudi ed cugc sdng ddy du tien nghi bon Tai san the hien sy tieh luy cua nhieu the be va la ket qua thu nhap cua mdi ca nhdn nhieu nam "An eu lac nghiep", nha d cung la didu kien quan trgng de dn djnh cuoc sdng ddi vdi mdi gia dinh Nha d khdng ehi la ncd tni ngy, sum hgp cua nhung ngudi thdn gia dinh ma nha d cd the la ncd giao djch lam an buon ban, bode cd the la noi che bien, san xudi hang hda Nha d la mdt nhiing tieu cbi quan trgng dd danh gid mdc sdng cting nbu ldi sdng eua ngudd Con ngucd luon hudng tdd muc dich thoa man nhung Igi ich, nhu cau vd the chat vd tinh than, vdy nen sdng mgt cudc sdng ddy du tien nghi sinh boat Id dieu kien thiet yeu Chi bdo vd tien nghi sinh boat phan anh khd chdn thyc ve mdc thu nhdp cua ngucd dan, va thudng Id nhung minh chdng cho mdc sdng cd dugc ndng cao hay khong Mdc chenh lech ttong viee su dyng cac tien nghi sinh boat giua eae nhdm hd giau va bg ngheo xuat phdt td ly cbinh la ngudn diu nhdp giua cac nhdm hd Cd thu nhdp cao thi mod ed didu kien dap dng nhu cdu sinh boat cao; vdd cac nhdm bd ngheo, mdc thu nhdp thap, kei hgp cbi phi vd ede khoan giao due, chua benh cao nen ho ngheo khdng cd kha nang mua sdm eae tien nghi sinh boat Nhung dd dung nha cua nhdm bd ngheo thudng don gian, sa sdi, gid tri vdt dyng diap Ddi nghjcb vdi nhtrng gid trj vat dung gia dinh hg ngheo va ho gidu thi khoang cdch cang ldn, vi nhu nhdm bg giau ed the cd 2-3 chiec xe mdy/hg, nhung hd ngheo ehi cd phuong tien di lai la xe dap fl Nhu vay, sy phdn tich vi mat tdc dgng co cdu nghd nghiep den thu nhdp eua bd gia dinh nong ddn thude virng quy hoach ddt Ly luan chinh (ri & TVuyen (hdng Sdihing 1+2-2011 NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO 001 nong nghiep ed anh hudng ldn tdi mue sdng cua ngudi ddn Ddng thdi cho chung ta thay dugc nhu cdu, nguyen vong eua da sd cdc hg gia dinh ddu mong mudn cugc sdng eua minh dugc cai thien ban trade Song sy khac biet vd nghe nghiep vd sy ban che ve thu nhdp da khong tao didu kien cho bg cd dugc sy lya chon hgp ly de nang cao mdc sdng cua minh cd ve vdt chdi vd tinh than Khoang each giau ngheo ddn den khoang cdch vd CO hpi, nhung bg gia dinh co thu nhap cao cd nhidu co hpi sdng tdt ban so vdi nhirng bg gia dinh cd thu nhap thap Mac du vay, dudi gdc dp nghien cuu cua xa hpi hpc, ehiing ta can nhin nhdn vd dat ngupe lai van de, nhting ngudi nong dan mat ddt nong nghiep co thyc sy mat di nhiing ngudn Igi ich ed nhdn xuat phat W van de thu hdi ddt nong nghiep Trudc tien, mgt didu chung ta cdn khdng djnh, ddi n6ng nghiep la ngudn w beu san xuat cua Nha nude cap ebo cdc hp nong ddn, dd quyen sd hiru khong ndm ttong tay ngudi nong ddn, bdi vay viee thu hdi xdy la dieu tat yeu Song ben canh dd, Nha nude phai ed ttdch nhiem tuyen traydn djnh budng chuyen ddi nghe nghiep ebo phu hgp vdi dieu kien khu vyc, vimg quy hoach Ddng thdi qua cac phuang lien ttuyen thong ly giai lai ich eua viec thu hdi ddt phyc vu md rgng thj cbinh la dieu kien diudn lgi ndng cao mdc sdng ebo ngudi ddn Mgt dieu bien nhien, md rgng dii, gid trj Sdihing 1+2-2011 ddt thd eu eua ngudi nong dan se tang len gap nhidu ldn so vdi trade, ddy Id ngudn lgi ldn ma ngudi phi nong nghiep bay ngudi ddn thj khong the eo dugc so vdi nhiing bg nong ddn Ngodi ra, viec md rpng thi khong nhtrng nang cao dan tri cho ngudi dan ma edn Id co hpi de ngudi ddn chuyen ddi W san xuat nong nghiep sang budng djch vy, phyc vy nhiing ngudi dan npi thi chuyen tdi djnh eu d dd Td nhung phan tich so bp ve viee thu bdi dien tieh ddi nong nghiep cua ngudi nong dan, bp phan ldn cd nguy ca bi ban cung hda, chung ta cd the binh dung phan nao nhiing khd khan, thuan Igi eua ngudi dan bj thu bdi dat nong nghiep Song xet tten mgi phuang dien tbi khd khan cbi la thd yeu, ddy la chu truong dung ddn cua Ddng va Nha nude nhdm ndng cao muc sdng cho ngudi ddn ngdy cdng tien tdi van minh bien dai Xa hpi Id tdng boa cua cac mdi quan he, va ngudi la chii thd cua cdc mdi quan be dd, Dpng lyc dd thuc ddy xd hpi phdt ttien Id mdi quan tdm de phdt tridn ngudi Dung theo nhan djnh eua eae nha xa hpi bgc: " Trung tim cua mgi giii phip la d sti quan tam din ngudi li su'nhin thdc siu sac vi cic nhan td ngudi Uong suphit uien kmh ti' va dn dinh xa hdi' Sy phdt ttidn eua eon ngudi dugc xem xet tten khia canh ndng cao chat lugng cugc sdng ve ea vat chdi Idn tinb than, dac biet cd sy lien quan de'n vdn de mdc sdng Cd thd ndi mdc sdng cao se lam thay ddi vj the cung nhu vai tro cua cd nhdn ddi vdi cong ddng Hon the, mdc sdng cao la didu kien thudn led dd ca nhdn cd cO hpi thang tien xa hpi cao ban Ndng cao mdc sdng can phai ed djnh budng ro rang va cu the, dac biet nhdn manh de'n sy phdt trien kinh te va budng ted lay eon ngudi lam trpng tam Quan tdm den mdc sdng eua ngudd ddn la phan hoach djnh quan ttong cua Dang va Nhd nude ddi vdi vdn dd phat trien kinh te - xa hpi Viee md rpng tbi da dem lai lgi ich ebo cac hp dan, Gid trj nha d va dat thd eu (ngudn tdi san vdn eo) tang Ien, day la mpt nhan td quan ttpng lam bien ddi mue sdng eiia ngudi dan Ngoai ngudn loi tu viec lam djch vy, cho thue nha, sy tang len ve muc sdng cua ngudi nong dan ven la tat yeu cua qua trinh thj boa Song ben earth mat tich eye cua viee thu bdi ddt nong nghiep phuc vu ebo md rpng thj, tien dan thj hod thi van de that nghiep, te nan xa hpi co chieu budng gia tang Nguyen nhan ddn den tinb trang trade bet la trinh dp dan tri chua cao, cbi thay dugc nhiing cdi Igi trude mdt ma khong thay edi Ipi lau dai, Bdi ddi vdi nhiing bp khong cd kha nang chuyen ddi nghd nghiep, vien lao dpng ttong gia dinh khong cd trinh dp ndng lyc, tay nghe thi that nghiep la dieu khd tranh khdi Ddy Id van de luon nhue nhdi eua xa hgi, lam tao eong an viee lam Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng 31 NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI dn djnh cho mdi cd nhdn ttong xa bdi, cd nbu vdy mod tao co sd cho sy phdt tridn ben viing, Mai dat nong nghiep song song vdi nd la mdi di W beu san xuat cbinh cua nha nong, mat di ngudn thu nhdp, ddn den tinh trang thdi nghiep Do dd, edn phdi ed nhiing bien phdp thich hgp de thdc ddy "qua trinh cong nghiep boa, bien dai boa nong thon", Hoat dgng phi nong nghiep se ddng vai trd quan ttpng viec giam ngheo, Dd thdc day gia tdng ede viee lam phi nong nghiep, chung ta can phai tim each khde phyc nhiing trd ngai ve quan diem, hdnh cbinh ciing nhu ve tdi cbinh Khoi phuc cac lang nghe traydn thdng, lya chpn phdt trien nhiing nganh nghe cd kha ndng tao viec lam tai ehd cho nhtrng lao dpng du thda dieu kien vdn it vd cong nghe lac bau Phat trien mang ludi djch vy nong thon de dam bao nguyen lieu va tieu thy sdn phdm Cd thd xdy dyng nhiing xi nghiep nhd tai xa, hoac cdc xi nghiep gia dinh, hoac ben ket vdi xi nghiep tbi de phat trien cdc nghe phi nong nghiep Ben canh dd, cdn cd ke hoach nang cao ddn tri va trinh dp tay nghe cho mdi thdnh phdn lao dpng Mpt bien thyc dang didn rat nhieu nguyen nhan dd la khoang cdch gidu ngheo dang ngdy cdng rpng, khoang each keo theo vo so he luy ddi hdi chung ta phai ed bien phdp khde phuc Ddi vdi mdi cap, nganh edn cd nhung bien phap phu hgp, cy 32 thd Chinh quyen mdi edp can tiep nhdn lye lugng lao dgng khong cd viee ldm vdo cac trung tdm hudng nghiep, day nghe mdt cdch CO ban, dd bg ed kha ndng kiem sdng bdng ky ndng lao ddng eua minh Ngoai ra, dja phuong phai ket hgp chat che vdi cdc td chdc, cdc nhd mdy, cong ty ed nhu cdu myen ngucd lam, ddng thcd khuyen khich cdc hd gia dinh ttr thdn van ddng Dang vd Nhd nude edn ed cbinh sach hgp ly ddi vdi timg ddi Wgng eu the ttong xa hgi, dde biet la cac hg nong ddn mat dat ndng nghiep Trade thu bdi dat, edn ed ke hoach ddo tao chuyen ddi nghe nghiep mcd phu hgp vdi dja ban cho ede ed nhdn va bg gia dinh Tren eae phung tien thong tin dai ehung can phai cd nhting thong tin phan anh, djnh hudng, ggi md vd nhting thuan Ipd cung nhu khd khan, co hgi cua ngudd ddn boat dgng dieu kien mod Dae biet Id nhung co hdi gidn tiep ma bg cd dugc nbu gia trj ddi thd cu tang nhanh ddng nghia vdi sy hgi nhdp cung thj Khong nhung vdy, ddy edn Id thdi CO de ngudi ddn chuyen budng nghe nghiep, tham gia vao buon ban djch vy, phdt trien CO sd ba tang, nang cao ddd sdng nhan ddn dja phuong, Ddy cung la mdi quan tdm cdn dugc nghien cuu dudi gdc dp xa hpi de cung cap thong tin, Viee thyc hien cdc giai phdp khong the nhanh chdng song cQng khong the keo ddi, day edn la sy kheo leo van dyng thyc tidn eua he thdng cbinh tti, va viec thyc bien phai ddng bg tten nhidu cap va cac nganh khde nhau, ed nbu vdy mdi dem lai bieu qua nhdm cai thien mdc sdng eua ngucd dan Su khac biet gidu ngheo da lam cho mdt bd phdn dan eu bat man, thdm chi be tdc trade cupc sdng Khoang each giau ngheo cang xa, cang ddt ebo xa hpi nhtrng vail de bde xdc can giai quyet ttr budng thy vdn hod, gido due, chdm sdc sdc khoe,., Viec di6u boa giua tdng tradng kinh te va an sinh xa hdi khong ehi la trach nhiem eua Cbinh phu ma cdn la nhiem vy cua ca he thdng chinh tri Ddy cbinh la bieu bien tinh uu viet cua che ta Tdm W cua ngudd ddn trade thyc ttang phan tdng xa hdi rdi phdc tap, bp kinh phyc nhiing ngudd thyc sy co tdm, ed tdi, ldm gidu cbinh dang Hp sdn sang bd cong sdc hoc tap, thdm cbi lam thue de nang cao ddd sdng vdt chat, tinb than Ben canh dd, bg ludn cd tdm ly cdm ghet bgn buon gian ban lau, cam ghet nbdng ke loi dung chdc quydn tham nhung, lam giau bai cbinh, va ehd co hdi phan khang Cbinh nhung dieu gdy anh hudng khong nhd den ddi sdng tinb than eua ngucd dan Nhdn rd sy phdn hda xa hpi cang sdu sdc Dang va Nha nude ta ludn quan tdm va co chien luge an sinh nhdm bao dam ddi sdng cho thdn nhan het sy, thuong binh, nhtrng ngudi gia ca, benh tdt, nhdm dn djnh xa bdi Nha nude da hd ttg ddc lire cho ngudi ngheo, ngudi gia yeu va nhieu ddi Wgng khde Cac chinh sdch hd ttg cang Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng Sdihing 1+2-2011 NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI nhan dugc sy ung bg, tham gia cua nhieu cd nhdn, nhieu td cbuc ttong cpng ddng dya tten tinh than dodn ket, chia se vd Wong ttg Tuy nhien, be thdng an smh xa hgi d nude ta chua phdt tridn ddng bg vd Wong xirng vdi tyu phdt trien kinh te, bieu bien d nhting diem sau: mdc dp bao phu thyc te cdn thap, kha nang tiep can eua nhieu nhdm ddi Wgng ddi vdi m6t sd chinh sach, chuong trinh cdn ban che, cac ehinh sach thieu ddng bd, thieu sy hen ket, chua huy dgng nhidu ngudn lye va chua bao dam tinh bdn vung Vdi mue tieu: den nam 2020 Viet Nam co ban trd thdnh mgt nude eong nghiep, bien dai vd dugc xep vao nhdm nude cd mdc thu nhdp trang binh, the bien nhat quan chu tmong eua Dang " xiy dung hi thdng an sinh xahpi da dang, phit triin manh hi thdng bio hiirn xa hpi bio hiem y te, tiin tdi bio hiem y te'toan diii' (Van kien Dai hgi X) va thyc bien quan diem "Ong budc mdrpng va cai thiin he thdng an sinh xa hpi di dip ling cang tdt han yiu ciu da dang cua mgi ting ldp nhin din Uong xa hpi nhii la nhdm ddi tuang chinh sich, ddi tugng nghed' (Nghj quyet Hgi nghj Trung uang ldn thu VI) Phuang phdp tiep can va nguyen tdc ciia an sinh xa hpi la sy bao dam ma xa hpi cung cap cho mgi thdnh vien ttong xa hgi thong qua viec thyc thi he didng cac co che, chinh sdch vd bien phap can thiep ttudc cdc nguy co nii ro cd thd dan den suy gidm hoac mdt Sdihing 1+2-2011 di ngudn sinh ke Cd ca che, ehinh sach, gidi phdp nhieu tdng, bac, nhdm bao dam ebo mgi thdnh vien ttong xa hpi khong bj roi vao tinb ttang bdn cung boa bdi tdc dpng tieu eye eua cac loai rui ro tren co sd nguyen tdc sau: Thd nhat, quydn an sinh vd tiep can be thdng an sinh xa hgi Ddy la yeu cau co ban budng den tien bg xa hgi va eong bdng phdn phdi va budng thy cdc qua phat tridn kinh te va phdc lgi xa hgi theo budng phan bd ngdy cang binh ddng ban, it sy loai trd Thd hai Id nguyen tdc chia se Nguyen tdc yeu cdu sy gdn bd, dodn kei, ben ket, mong trg, bu ddp giua ede cd nhdn, cac nhdm ttong xa hpi va Nha nude Nguyen tdc nhan manh vai trd eua sy tucng ttg npi bp va giua cac nhdm xa hpi Theo dd, he thdng an sinh xa hpi hudng den dam bao nbu cau tdi thieu thong qua viec tdng hgp vd tdi phdn phdi ngudn lye Thu ba, eong bdng va ben vung Nguyen tdc ndy yeu cdu vd ldu dai, phai gdn ttdch nhiem va quyen Ipi, giua dong gop vdi thy budng khuyen khich mpi ngudi ddn tham gia be thdng, bao dam tinb thda dang ttong tung cbinh sdch va chuong trinh Thu tu, tang cudng trach nhiem eua cac chu the Nguyen tdc ndy yeu cdu vi.ec khuyen khich cdc dianh phan ttong xa hpi tham gia xdy dyng va thyc bien chinh sach an sinh xa hpi; thue ddy cac nd lye cua ban thdn ngucd ddn, gia dinh, cpng ddng viec bdo dam an sinh xa hpi; gidm tbidu sy le thugc vao nha nude theo budng nha nude chi cung cap nhting hd ttg bd sung va khong thay the nd lye eua ea nhan An sinh xa hgi the bien quydn CO ban cua ngudi va la cdng cy de xdy dyng mgt xa hgi bai hda, van minh Nguyen tdc co ban eua an sinh xa hpi Id dam bao sy doan ket, chia se va Wong trg cong ddng ddi vdi cac rui ro ddi sdng, vay ed tdc dyng thuc day sy ddng thudn, binh ddng vd cong bdng xa hpi Ben canh dd, be thdng an sinh xd hpi thong qua tac dpng tich eye cua ede chinb sdch cham soc sue khde, an loan thu nhap vd cac djch vu xa hpi, se ndng cao nang sudt lao dpng, hd ttp chuydn ddi CO cau lao dgng noi rieng vd loan bg qua trinh phdt trien kinh te noi chung De bao ddm be thdng an sinh xa hgi phat trien phu hgp vdi thd che kinh te thj tradng djnh hudng xa hpi chu ngbia, cdc cbinh sach xa hpi phai dat ngang tdm vdi eae chinb sdch phdt trien kinh te va gdn vdi ede chuong trinh phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi, Dd chinb la co sd tao dpng lye tang ttudng kinh te, thyc bien cong bdng xa hgi vi muc tieu phdt tridn ngudi, phdt buy tdi da ngudn lyc eon ngudi, bdo dam ebo xa hpi phdt tridn hai hda, ben vung, khong chi thu hep khoang each phdn hda xa hpi ma edn the bien tinb uu viet eua che dp xa hpi ma chung ta xdy dyngD Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng 33 ... nong dan, bp phan ldn cd nguy ca bi ban cung hda, chung ta cd the binh dung phan nao nhiing khd khan, thuan Igi eua ngudi dan bj thu bdi dat nong nghiep Song xet tten mgi phuang dien tbi khd khan... thi tradng tao nen sy canhttanhgay gdt buoc ngucd phai cd sy ndng ddng de nhanh chdng thich dng vdi hoan canh mcd Ngoai nhiing bo red vao mdc ngheo khong cd nang lye tnnh cung nbu tay nghd, nen... djnh cdc tang bac dan cu xa hgi Nbu vay xem xet mdc sdng la de ly giai phan tdng xa hgi Trong xa hgi bien nay, phan tang xa boi theo mdc sdng chu yeu dya tren ea sd kiem sodt khong ngang ddi vdi
Ngày đăng: 10/11/2022, 10:46
Xem thêm: