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10 TAP CHI P H A T TRIEN N H A N LL/C, SO 2(18)-2010 Tl/ Tl/CiNG VA TAM Gl/dNG DAO DUfC HO CHf IVIINH NEU CAO VA THI/C HANH CAN, KIEM, LIEM, CHINH LA NHEN LLIA CHO DOI SONG MOI TRAN VAN KHANH(*) T hien nhu'ng tif tu'dng ay Con nhiing du'dng, nhiing phu'dng thifc, td'c la nhiJng phu'dng phap cua Ngifdi lai du'dc tinh lpc tif sif nhan thufc va van dung sang tao tif nhiJng tinh hoa tuf tu'dng ciia dan tpc va cua nhan loai ma tnfdc he't la ttf Chu nghia Mae - Lenin, dong thdi cung la sif kiem nghiem, doi chieu, so sanh, dfie riit tif thifc tien cua lich suf each mang Viet Nam va tren the gidi "Vdi Ho Chi Minh, tif tifdng la ndi phu'dng phap du'dc khai quat hoa va phu'dng phap la ndi thifc tien boa tif tifdng, la hdp diem giifa ly luan va thifc tien, giifa nhan thiJc va hanh dpng Chinh tif tifdng la ly luan cua phifdng phap va phifdng phap la sif tnfdng thifc tien cua ly luan"'^' Mpt nhiJng npi dung quan trpng the hien sif thong nhat giiia tif tu'dng va phu'dng phap tif tifdng cua Ngifdi la quan diem ve cdi mdi Co the noi, suot cupc ddi ciia Ngu'di la ca mpt qua trinh tim kie'm, phat hien, iing hp, bao ve, vun va dau tranh cho cdi mdi thang ldi Qua tnnh ay dddc bat dau bang sif tran trd cua ngu'di nien Nguyen Ta't Thanh giau long yeu nu'dc thufdng dan Khi eon d que htidng, Ngu'di sdm difdc ha'p thu truyen thong yeu nifde ciia dan tpc the hien qua eac phong trao kien cifdng Trong he thong tif tddng cua Chu tich Ho Chi da'u tranh chong thifc dan Phap Khi hpc d Hue, Minh, tif tu'dng va phifdng phap gan bo hilu cd Ngifdi dddc tie'p xue bu'dc dau vdi nen van minh vdi nhau, moi quan diem, tif tu'dng cua Ngu'di phu'dng Tay, dieu da gdi cho ngu'di nghi ve deu toat len du'dng va phu'dng thufc de thifc mpt hudng di mdi, khae vdi ldp eha anh De roi tru'dc sif thaft bai cua cac phong trao yeu nu'dc dau the ky XX, da eho Ngu'di nhan tha'y rang: " NGUT TS., Pho Hieu trudng Trudng Can bp Muon clfu dddc nufdc, phai tim dddc mpt d tufdng Ho Chi Minh the hien d tam cao tri tue, bdi la sif thong thai, tinh lpc, tiep bie'n cac gia tri van hoa ciia dan tpc va cua nhan loai Ngifdi la nha Uf tifdng, nha ly luan Macxit xuaft sac tha'm dddm chii nghia nhan van cao ca Dong thdi, Ngu'di ciing la nha to chifc thifc tien tai ba Toan bp cupc ddi cua Ngifdi la cong hien cho stf song tot dep cua dan tpc va cua nhan loai Co le eon phai lau lam, cac the he yeu quy va kinh trpng Ngifdi ca nddc va tren the gidi mdi kham pha he't dddc nhiing gia tri tif tufdng va dao dilc ciia Ngifdi Dung nhif Tie'n si Madagat Ahmet, Giam doc UNESCO khu vifc Chau A - Thai Binh Difdng, Dai dien dac biet cua Tong Giam doc UNESCO phat bieu: "Chi co it nhan vat lich sif trd mpt bp phan cua huyen thoai song va ro rang Ho Chi Minh la mpt so Ngifcfi se dddc ghi nhd khong phai chi la ngifdi giai phong cho To quo'c va nhan dan bi hp ma la mpt nha hien triet hien dai da mang lai mpt vien canh va hy vpng mdi cho nhu'ng ngu'di dang da'u tranh khdng khoan nhifdng de loai bo bat eong, bat binh dang khoi trai da't nay""' Tp.HCM '^' Ky niem 100 nam sinh Chii tich Ho Chi Minh (1890-1990) Hoi thao qudc te ve Chij tich Ho Chi Minh (Trich tham luan cua dai bieu qudc te) Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Ha Npi, 1990, tr.37 ' > GS.TS Hoang Chi Bao Tim hieu phuang phap Ho Chi Minh Nxb Chinh th quo'c gia Ha Noi, 2002, tr.103-104 TRAN VAN K H A N H - NEU CAO VA THUC HANH 11 difdng each mang mdi'^' Sau mddi nam (19111920) di tim difdng cifu nifdc, ngu'di nien yeu nuide Nguyen Ta't Thanh - Nguyen Ai Quoc da de'n vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin Co the noi rang, day la bifde chuyen ed ban ciia Ngu'di ve tti tu'dng, tif cho di tim cai mdi, difdng mdi, gid day, de'n vdi cai mdi, nam giii cai mdi, la hpc thuye't khoa hpc va each mang, tif ngu'di yeu nu'dc trd ngu'di cpng san, bifde chuyen co y nghia quye't dinh doi vdi thang ldi cua each mang Viet Nam ve sau Viee suot ddi tim tdi va xay difng cdi mdi d Ngifdi dddc the hien d cac chang difdng tie'p theo, la viec sang lap mpt Ddng kieu mdi Dang Cpng san Viet Nam vdi yeu cau luon difdc xay difng sach, viing manh, "la dao difc la van minh" de du nang life lanh dao each mang; la xay difng nen dao dvCc mdi - dao dife each mang cho dpi ngii can bp dang vien, tiong ta't ca cac Hnh vifc cua ddi song xa hpi; la xay difng ddi song mdi tif ngu'di giau cho de'n ngifdi ngheo, mpt ngifdi, mpt lang, mpt tru'dng hpc cho de'n bp dpi, cong sd, xifdng may Ngifdi khang dinh phai chat chiu, dpng vien, CO vii tifng ta'm gifdng "ngifdi tot viec tot", nhifng cai mdi me, tot tifdi, cao thifdng cupc song hang Khi noi ve cai mdi, Ngu'di khong cat nghia bang cac thuat ngif phifc tap mang tinh kinh vien, ma bang each noi, each nghi cua quan chiing nhan dan, tham difdm hdi thd ciia cupc song gian khd than thifdng va gan gui Tuy nhien, nhifng ngon tif gian di, de hieu ay lai ehinh la sif ke't hdp nhuan nhuyen giifa truyen tho'ng va hien dai, giifa ke thufa va doi mdi, cho nen, bao gid ciing chiJa difng sau sac nhifng td tu'dng mdi, each nghi va each lam mdi, ma suy cho ciing, neu muc dich cuoi ciing cua tif tu'dng ly luan la vi thifc tien, thi each noi, each viet ciia Ngddi la kieu mau cua tinh khoa hpc va each mang Tac pham Ddi sdng mdi, Ngifdi vie't dau nam 1947, difdc IJy ban Trung ddng Van dpng Ddi sdng mdi xua't ban va phat hanh 20/3/1947, nhan dip mot nam phat dpng xay difng ddi sdng mdi Cuon sach mong chi co 19 cau hoi va tra ldi, nhuhg vdi mpt phong each dien dat vo ciing gian di, de hieu, chifa difng mpt kieu mau ve sif ke't hdp giifa tif tu'dng va phifdng phap, giifa ly luan va thifc hanh de xay difng mpt xa hpi mdi, tdt dep, ke ca tiong kho khan dan lufa Dii tac pham dddc viet each day hdn 60 nam, nhifng cho den hom va ca mai sau, van giii nguyen gia tri bdi y nghia thifc tiin sau sac ciia tac pham Trong ldi tifa cua tac pham, Ngddi viet: "Trong liic khang chien eifu quo'c, chiing ta phai dong thdi kien qudc Thifc hanh ddi sdng mdi la mot dieu cdn kip cho cong cupc cifu qud^c va kien quo'c Anh Tan Sinh viet quyen "Ddi sdng mdi" mpt each van tat, ro rang, thie't thifc, de hieu Do la mpt eudn sach nho, ehi ro bifdc dddng ddi sdng mdi Toi mong ddng bao ta moi ngu'di co mot quyen "Ddi sdng mdi" de xem, de hieu, de thifc hanh ddi sdng mdi Nhif the chiing ta nha't dinh se tie'n bg ldn" '"' (Chiing toi nha'n manh TVK) Chi may dong cua ldi tifa, chung ta nhan tha'y d rat nhieu chi dan an can, tam huyet, tif muc dich, yeu can, vai tro cho de'n npi dung, phifdng phap va y nghia to ldn ciia eudn sach ma Ngifdi cho rang la mpt eudn sach nho mong ddng bao ta moi ngu'di co mpt quyen! Npi dung eudn sach gdm 19 cau hoi va tia ldi cua Ngifdi ve "ddi sdng mdi" O day, chung toi khong di vao trinh bay thif tif tifng vain de, ma bu'dc dau tim hieu nhiing chi dan ve sif thdng nha't giiJa ly luan va phifdng phap dddc Ngu'di sif dung mpt each tai tinh va sau sac tac pham Thd nhdt: Nhiing quan diem ldn ve phu'dng phap luan de xay difng "Ddi song mdi" Trong toan bp npi dung eudn sach, d goc dp triet hpc Macxit, ta tha'y ndi len nhifng quan diem phifdng phap luan difdc Ngifdi sil dung nhif: Quan diem khach quan; quan diem phat huy tinh nang dpng sang tao eua nhan td ngifdi; quan diem toan dien - lich su' cu the; quan diem phat trien; quan diem ve cai mdi; quan diem thife tien,v.v Nhifng quan diem cd ban tren, difdc Ngu'di van dung mot each tai tinh, sang tao den mifc no difdc the hien each nghi, each lam, difdc long vao hdi thd ciia cupc sdng
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