V IHA /^ Tlf Tl/TirdNG CUA KHONG Tl/ VE DAO HIEU 5uy nghl ve Jqo hicu gia ^inh Viet Nam hi?n ThS An Thi Ngpc Trinh'"' \ao hiiu theo ttf tUdng cOa Khong TU tia mdt nhOng cd sd quan trqng tao nen tU tUdng dUc tri cua Nho giio Nho giio coi dUc li gic cOa ngUdi, coi hiiu d§ Id gic cOa dUc, Id nSn ting cUa dao lam ngddi, li nhin ti de hlnh thdnh nin dUc nhan cOa ngUdi quan tiy, mqt miu ngUdi 1^ tudng Nho gido Chung quy vl$c tu thin di tiin den viec te gia, trj qud'c vi blnh thiin phai bdt dau tU mqt dUc tfnh cdn bin moi ngudi, dUc tinh khdng gl khic hdn Id hiiu hanh Khdng Tfl Id nhd tQ tudng, nhd trifi't hpe xa hpi ndi tieng ngUdi Trung Hoa Cdc bdi gidng vd trifi't 1;/ cfla Ong ed dnh hudng rpng Idn ddi vdi ddi sdng vd tU tudng efla cdc ndn vdn hda Dfing A Trifi't hpe cfla Khdng Tfl nhdn mgnh sQ tu dudng dflc hgnh cd nhdn vd cai tri bang dgo dflc (tu thdn '''Cao dSng SQ phgm Trung UPng, Tp Hd Chf Minh td gia, tri qudc binh thifin hg), sp chlnh x^c cfla cdc mdi quan he xd hdi, dgo dflc vd quy phgm Idm ngQdL Sinh vd ldn Ifin tuc xd hfii Tmng Hoa ed dgi logn Igc trien mien, dgo ly nhdn ludn, quan hfi cha - con, vua - tdi bj xdo trpn nghifim trpng nfin tU tQdng cfla Khdng Tfl thdi ky ndy Id xdy dQng mdt "xa hoi dgi ddng" Dd Id mdt xa hdi cd trdt tQ tren dQdi, vua sdng - tdi hidn, cha tQ - thdo, dm - ngodi fim, trfin cd sfl dja vj vi thdn phdn cfla mfii thdnh vifin tfl vua chila, quan Igi ddn thfl ddn- VI vdy, bfin cgnh cic dfle tfnh "Nhdn, NghTa, L l , Trt Ttn", Khdng Tfl chfl y nhilu ddn dgo hidu Ong xem dgo hieu nhu Id mfit nhflng nguyfin tic dgo ly cdn ban nhd't vific ddi xfl efla eon cdi ddi vdi cha mg ChQ hidu theo nghTa Hdn tQ gdm hai chfl ghep Igi: mfit nfla chfl lao cd nghTa la gia vd chO rd'ld Theo bd Tfl diln Bach khoa Nho - Phdt - Lao, hifi'u dupe dinh nghia: "Hidu Id thudt ngfl Nho gido Khfio thd cha Khoa hgc chtnh trj - So 2/2013 • V^hien ahi - Trao doi 53 gid cflng ed day nhflng tinh cam rat hdu vd thQc Cfl le thQdng, eha mg va anh, chj em la ngQdi thdn thiet cua ta, tat la ta phdi kfnh yfiu, rdi dfi'i vdi ngudi ngodi mdi cd long tQ di, trung thQ dUpc Ndu fl vdi cha mg md khfing hieu thdo, fl vdi anh em ma khong kfnh thudn, tQc Id tinh cdm cfla ta rd't bgc, Idm thd ndo ma thdnh dQpc ngQdi nhdn?"'"' Bdi vdy, tQ tQdng efla Khdng gido, hidu dupc xem la mdt chuin mpc cP ban hg thdng qudn ly xa hfii, nham dgt tdi tdm gido hda: "Ldp al thdn thf, giao ddn mpc gia Ldp kfnh tu trudng thl, gido ddn thudn gia Gido dt tQ mgc, nhi ddn qw^ hflu thdn; gido dt kfnh trQdng, nhi ddn quy dgng mdnh Hifi'u dT sQ thdn, thudn dT thinh mdnh, thd chu thifin hg vfi sfl bdt thdnh" (dQng Idng di khfli dau tQ cha mg Id day ddn hda mge vgy DQng long kfnh khdi dau tfl ngQdi huynh trQdng, Id dgy ddn kfnh thudn vay Lay tQ mgc md dgy dan thl dan bie't quy co cha mg; ldy kfnh ngQdi huynh trudng ma dgy dan thi dan bifi't quy sQ theo mfinh lenh ngQdi tren Hieu Id de thd cha me, thuan Id d l vdng mfinh ngudi trfin, dem nhQng dieu dy md thi thd thifin hg thi khfing ed dieu gl la khong lam dQpc) [id kf: Ti nghTa, XX/V)'^) VI the, hifi'u Id dgo nghTa ddi vdi cha mg, ddng thdi eflng la dao nghTa ddi vdi cac the hfi bfin trfin cfla gia dinh (fing bd, td tifin) Bdn kinh cung ddn Idi cfla Khdng Tfl vd dgo hieu rdng: ngQdi eon hidu phgng dQdng cha mg, dn d phdi hfi't sQc cung ktnh, cung dQdng cha mg phdi h i t mQc vui vd, cha mg dau dm phdi lo ldng hfi't Idng, lo vide tang Id phdi CQC k^ thUdng xdt, eflng td cha mg *" TrQdng Dinh Nguyen - Mai XuAn Hdi (djch) (cfiu bien), TO diin Bach khoa Nho - Phit - Lao,phdi vfi cflng trang nghifim Nxb Van hpe, HN 2003, tr.504 Chtnh vi xem hidu Id ne't trpng, dflng '^' Lam Dgi Hung, "Hiiu di quan ni$m tU tddng', ddu trdm net Id cdt Idi cfla mpi nghTa vp, Trung Qudc Vdn Sfl Bach khoa, Triet Giang bdn phdn dgo dflc cfla ngUdi, Khdng Tfl NhSn dan xudt bdn xa, 2000, tr.743-744 ^' > Huydn M|c Dgo Nhdn - Doan Trung Con rd't cd y thflc vi$e Idm sang y nghTa (djch), HiSu Kinh, Nxb Tdng hpp Ddng Thap, cfla hieg dgo Tfly vao ttnh each, tQ chd't 2003, tr.73 wv4{s) Tran Trpng Kim, Nho gido, Nxb Tp Hd Chf cfla tflng ngUdi, tfly Iflc, tfly thdi va tfly vdo hoan cdnh cfla tflng ngQdi ma hieu dupe Minh, 1992, tr.140 me thi gpi Id hifi'u Nho gia eho rang hifi'u Id gfi'e cfla nhdn luan, la ngudn cfla dgo dflc Ve nfii dung cfla hifi'u, Nho gia cho rang hidu bao gdm tfl vifie cd kd thQa dQpc di chf vasQ nghifip cfla td tien hay khong, tlnh edm hidu kinh ddi vdi cha mg ed xudt phdt tfl nfii tdm hay khong, vd sQ phyng dudng, ma chay, td tfl dfi'i vdi cha mg ed gifl nghifim Id ehd hay khong''' Theo bd Bdch khoa vdn sfl Trung Qufi'c, phan tQ tQdng tdc gia Ldm Dgi Hung chfl bifin thi: "Quan nifim hidu dfi vdn hda Trung Qufi'c dupe xem la mpt phQdng dign eo tfnh ddt khdi, nd khfing chl Id mdt thifin ly dQdng nhifin md cdn Id cd sfl vd xud't phdt dilm eho t i t ed nghTa vg dgo dflc, ddng thdi trfin thQe te hidu cdn Id nhflng chuan tdc, quy djnh cdc hdnh vi Qng xfl khong t h l di ngUpe Igi cufic sdng hdng ngdy eua moi ngUdi"'^' Trong Ijeh sfl Trung Hoa, quan nifim ve hieu dUpc Nho giao day lfin mpt tam cao hPn, xem nhu mpt thfl kinh - Kinh Hieu Trong bdn kinh nay, hieu dupe xem Id "thifin kinh dja nghTa"'^*, Id phgm trfl ludn ly eP ban nhat efla Nho gia, Id ngudn efii cfla nhan ludn Id ngudn cfla dao dflc Dieu ndy dupc ghi "phu hidu, dflc chi bdn da, giao hda chi sd sinh da" (xet hidu gdc cfla dfle Id ngudn sinh gido hda) Hieu la gdc rfi cfla dgo dflc vd Id ngudn cfii d l dgt tdi Nhan (hgt nhdn efla hpe thuyet ludn ly dgo dflc cfla Khdng Tfl) - "tQc la khidn cho ngudi ta bao Khoa hpe chinh trj - S5 2/2013 9{^hlen citu - 'Traol^ Ong glSng day tUOng Ung Ngay HiSu kinh, quan ni$m vd ndi dung vd hidu duije tdng keX khd ro tUdng Ung vdi tUng thil b$e cg the, nhU: hidu cDa bdc thidn tD, hidu cDa chu hSu, hidu oDa khanh dal phu, hid'u cda quan sT, vd sau cung Id hid'u cDa bdc thU dan Qua dd, ta cd co sd dd hilu gid trj tu tudng va hidu dung vd hidu theo tinh thin cDa Nho giAo Cg t h l , ndi dung cDa hilu dao dupc thdu tdm lai Hilu kinh gdm ba ndi dung chinh: "Phu hilu thDy U sU thdn, trung U su quSn, chung U ldp thdn" (xdt hilu b i t dau td thd cha mp, giOa id thd vua, cudi cung la ldp thdn) Dua trdn cd sd ndy, ta cd t h l hilu ntfi dung cua hidu nhttng vdn de sau: Thtf nhdl, hilu g^n lidn vdi "sU thdn" - phyng sU, phuc vu cha mp Vei "thD than" - gid gin than mlnh Khi TD Du hdi v l dao hilu, Khdng TD khlng djnh rdng: "kim chi hieu gia, thj v| nang dudng, chl u khuyin ma, giai nang hClu dudng, bat kinh dT biet hd" (ddi nay, h i thay nudi dupe cha me thi ngudi ta khen ia ngudi cd hilu Thd nhung, nhDng loai thu nhu ehd, ngUa cdn cd t h l dupe ngudi ta nudi nOa hudng chi id cha me Cho nen nudi cha mp ma chang ed Idng kinh trpng thl l l y gl d l phSn bidt vide lodi chd, ioai ngUa v l n dUpe ngudi ta nudi vd vide cha mp dUdc cdi nudi nao?)" {Luin ngtf, chtftfng Vi ehinh) Bdi t h l , ngUdi cd hilu trude h i t phdi nudi dudng eha mp vi nudi thi phdi ed kinh, chUf khdng kinh thl khdng phdi la hilu Nho giao quy cdng dn dUdng due, sinh thdnh khd nhpc cDa cha me ddi vdi cdi vdo chin vide, gpi "cDu ti,t cD lao" md ta thudng nghe ddn gian nhdc nhd qua ca dao, ddn ca vd ede sdch gido huln, dd Id: (1) Sinh (dd), (2) CDc (ndng dd), (3) PhD (vudt ve/du yim), (4) Xuc (cho bu), (5) Trudng (nudi nSng eho Idn m^inh), (6) Dpc (day dd), (7) Cd (dodi tudng din), (8) Phgc (sdn sde) vd (9) Phuc (bdo vd) Bdn canh dd, hilu cdn dupe t h l hidn qua vide ddi xD vdi cha mp cho phdi hpp i i - theo edi le phdi cd luc hp cdn sdng vd ed sau da mdt Cg t h l , iuc cdn sdng, khdng phdi id eha mp Idm d i l u gl trdi dao tlii cdi cDng theo md "sU phg m l u cd giin, kiln chl b i t tdng, hgu kinh b i t vi, iao nhi bJt odn" {Luin ngtt: If' nhin) - ttfc id, nlu cha mp Idm dilu idm Idl, trdi d^o thl bdn ph^n Idm eon phdi b i l t can ngdn, khuydn giii N l u cha mp khdng nghe thl cung phdi tJ Idng cung kinh, hilu thdo, vSn phdi trpn dso idm rdi d i n ddn lUa cdch khuydn giii, eho cha mp thiy dUdc cdi tdm y cDa mlnh md nhln lai vide mlnh Idm vd sDa d6i D l giO trpn dao Idm con, vide giU gin danh du, tilng thdm cho cha mp id vide md bit cD ngudi eon ndo cung ndn Idm, cha m? qua ddi thl "sinh si,r chl dT l l , td tdng ehi d i t i te chi dT le" (sdng thl lay le md thd, chet thl Id'y l l md tang, Idy le md t l ) Dilu ndy dui^c Khdng TD nhln mpnh: " l l diii ky xa gid, ninh kiem; tang dQ ky dj gia, ninh thich" cd nghTa id i l vdi xa xT thl kiem Udc cdn hdn, tang vdi nghi vdn qud thl thd rdng thudng budn hon (Luin ngtf: bit dit III) Thtf hai, ndi t i l p , idm theo vd khdng thay d l i cdi dao cDa cha mp Khlng TD day: "phu tai quan ky chl, phg mdt quan k^ hanh, tam nidn vd cdi u phg chi dao, khd vj hilu hy" (cha edn thl phdi xem cdi chi cDa cha, cha m i t rdi thl phdi xem vide idm cDa cha, ba ndm khdng thay ddi cdi dao cDa eha, gpi Id hilu vdy) {Luin ngtt: hqc nhi I) Cd thl ndi, vdi quan nidm ndy, hilu ddi hdi mdt sij phgc tDng tuydt ddi nh&m cDng cd, dilu hda nhOng hdnh vi cDa cdi vd hudng cii d i n vide tri, bdo v$ n l n i p gia dinh, bio vdcdidaoeijadngbddind khdng bj thay dii Thtf ba, thd cha mp vd tfi tien, dng bi Ddy id vide r l t dUiJc xem trpng dfli sfing gia dinh Bdi ttf liic cdn nhd, di)a trd ndo cDng du^c gido due, day dd v l s\l hidn didn cda t l tidn, dng bd qua truyin thong, vdn hda gia dinh Do vdy, vide thil Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 2/2013 9{£hien ahi - Trao doi cha mg, td tifin ong bd luon dQpc xem trpng va CO ttnh chat gan nhQ mfit tfin giao, lam nfi'i dai truydn thdng gia dinh, gia tfic Chfnh vi vdy, hidu la pham chd't dgo dflc dQpc tdn trpng hang dau cua bgc quan tfl vd trfl thdnh thudt trj nQde (dT hidu tri thien hg) cfla cdc bde vua chfla phong kifi'n Cd t h l ndi, quan nigm vd dgo hieu cfla Khdng Tfl Id sdu sac vd todn di$n Hidu cd quan he chat che, thdng nhd't vdi trung Quan ni$m vd trung eung dQpc xem Id mpt logi dgo dQc tu dudng nhdm Idp thdn xfl the de dgy cai, Theo tinh thin Nho gido, hidu dgo dupc xem la quy phgm dgo dflc ndm h$ thfi'ng nhdn ludn cfla gia dinh, gia tfic, ma quan ni$m vd trung la dem nguyen tac, quy phgm dy mfl rfing ngodi xa hpi Bfli vgy, hidu dUpc xdc ldp vdo vdi trung, hay ndi mot each cu the hdn thi quan nifim vd hifi'u vd trung thudng gdn vao lam mpt, bfli "hieu tQ thl ngQdi ta trung" vd xem "dgo phu tQ nghTa qudn than" thdng nhd't vdi Do dd, thudt tri nQde, nham dgt den tam giao hoa dan chflng, cdc bgc vua chfla da "dThleu tn thifin ha": dflng hifi'u de eai tri thifin hg Cfl theo le do, tfl hidu vdi dang song than dUdc mfl rfing ngoai xa hpi Hieu tQc la trung, dQpc xem Id mot chudn mQc xa hpi Vdi quan nifim ban ddu la trung thdnh vdi chfl nhdn, ban be, ve sau dupe mfl rfing Id trung vdi vua chfla, trung vdi dat nudc Hidu khong chf cd quan h0 chdt che vdi trung md no cdn thdng nhdt vdi dgo nhdn Theo Khong Tfl, eai le eudi cung cfla sQ hieu Id lay hie'u gay thdnh dgo nhdn, vl ngQdi cd hidu tQc Id cd nhdn Nhan vdi hifi'u thQdng di eung nhau, nfin nhflng ngUdi ed dia vi trpng yfi'u xa hoi phdi la nhflng ngudi rd't chfl y ve dao hidu: ngQdi qudn tfl ngdi tren md trpn dgo vdi eha mg, thi ddn '^' Tr^n Trpng Kim, Sdd, tr.140 Khoa hoc chfnh tri - So 2/2013 ehung se hQdng vd nhdn; ngudi fl ngdi trfin khfing b6 rdi bgn be xQa cu thl ddn ehflng se khfing dn fl bgc beo, vfi tlnh Cho nen, du hidu la mfit dQc tfnh bim sinh nhUng ndu hgt gidng cfla Idng nhdn khfing dQpc vun xdi thQdng xuyfin thl nd se bj hQ hogi vd ed t h l bifi'n mat NhQ vay, hidu vd nhdn khfing thd tdch rdi NgQdi cd hidu thl de ddng phdt trien long nhan; mpt da cd nhdn thi hgnh hidu cdng sdng t6 Tuy nhifin, qua thQc td ijch sQ, di cung vdi sQ phdt tridn gia dinh thi y nghTa cdt loi efla hidu theo tQ tQflng Khdng Tfl: la tlnh yfiu thUdng, thdi dfi bidt dn, long kfnh trpng cfing dn dQdng dgc sinh efla ngUdi da sinh mlnh Cdc nhd Nho hpe da ndi vd cai dgo eua Khong Tfl: "Dao cua Ngai Id dgo trung dung, phai tfly thdi, canh ngp ma bifi'n ddi, chfl Id'y sQ thfeh hpp vdi dgo nhan lam gdc Vific hidu cung nhQ mpi viec khae, vu lay long thQc va cung kinh, edn nhQng didu vgn vat khong hpp thdi, hpp canh, thl bd di, cd nggi gl? Co bie't theo thdi ma bie'n ddi, d l gifl Id'y Idng trung thi mdi that la ngQdi Nho hpe"''' NhQ vgy, chQ hifi'u theo quan nifim cua Khdng Tfl mang mpt y nghTa tfch cQc, bat ngudn tfl tlnh cdm tg nhifin (huyet thfi'ng) dd Id phgn lam eon phdi hifi'u thao vdi cha mg Ddy cung Id tlnh edm va yfiu cau dao dflc cd y nghTa phd bien phfl hpp vdi mpi dan tpc, dde bifit Id cdc dan tpc phUdng Dfing Theo ddng chdy efla thfli gian, hieu thdm nhdp vdo Vifit Nam vd trd chuin gid trj dgo dQc Ddi vdi ngQdi Vifit Nam tfl xa xQa, hidu vQa Id mdt tinh cdm tQ nhifin, vQa Id mdt gia tn thifing lieng dQpc tham nhuan tfl Tam giao (Phdt, Khdng, Lao) dupe giao kfi't hdi hda vd nhao nan tdm thQe ddn Lgc Vifit qua qua trinh xdy dflng vd phat triln da't nQde, hun dflc nen dgo \^ vd tdm tlnh cao qu]^ cfla Rdng chdu Tifin Do dd, hifi'u khong ch? id mpt nhan dflc ma Id dgo hieu, gpi cdch nom na phd bidn Id dgo • 7{£hlkn atu - trao i dng bd, thd cDng t l tidn tri td ddi ndy qua ddi khde vd trd thdnh dpo \^, tdp tgc, truyin thd'ng, thdm sdu tilm thdc mdi ngudi Vidt Nam Cd ThD tudng Pham van Ddng cho rdng: "TU xa xua ddn tdc Vidt Nam ta khdng cd tdn gido theo nghTa thdng thudng cua nhilu nude khdc Cdn ndi tdn gido Id thd cung t l tidn thl mpi ngUdi d i u thd cung dng bd, mpi ngUdi d i u thd cung t l tidn TD gdc dd vdn hda, tdi thiy ddy Id mdt d^c trUng ddng trpng cDa eon ngudi Vidt Nam, d chd nd tudng nhd nhOng ngUdi cd cdng trang vide tpo l^p cudc sdng ngdy cDa mpi ngudi, gia dinh, hdng xdm"i" NhU v$y, ddl sdng gia dinh cDa ngUdi Vidt Nam hidn nay, chO hieu dupc t h l hidn trudc hdt Id vide thd cung t l tidn, dng bd Dilu ndy dupc xem la su thgc hdnh chd hidu TD thd eung to tidn gia dinh md rdng ngodi xa hdi - tdc ia dao thd cDng t l tien dupc hilu theo nghTa rdng thl dd id t l m Idng cDa ngUdi sau ddi vdi ngudl di trude NgUdi ta tdn thd ed nhQng ngUdi cd cdng khai md, giO gin que huong bdn qudn, idng xa, dat nudc Chinh vl vay, gid td Hung Vuong duoe xem id mpt hinh thdc thd cung to tidn, tQ dd y thdc ngudn cdi "ngudi mdt bpc trdng ma ra" mang mdt y nghTa h i t sDc thieng lieng tam thdc moi eon ngUdi Vidt Nam Do vdy, cU mdi i l tet, gid chap Id djp d l chdu d xa nhd v l eha mp, qud hUdng Con chdu d g i n thl tu t$p lai lo cung i l chu ddo, cung hdn huydn nhdc lai cdng iao cha mp nudi day eon cdi NhQng ngdy gid, t i t cdn id djp chdu dupc bd mp, dng bd nhdc lai edng iao cDa bdc t i l n nhdn md d i t , gdy dyng ndn cd nghipp hdm d l chdu tilp budc CD nhu vdy, t h l h$ ndy nfii tilp t h l hd khde dUfle sfing sv bao bpc, ehe chd cDa t l tidn vd hp khdng ngUng Idm sdng lai cdng dde eua td tidn dl dUOe tilp thdm sdc sfing, nilm tin vd tg hio v l qud huong, ddt nUdc ChQ hilu qua "khdc xa" cDa nin vin hda Vidt Nam da dUOe Dng vdo nhDng hoin cdnh eg t h l Tdc gid Tdn Didn Phong da nhdn xet: "Hilu vdi tU cdch Id mdt thD ludn ly dao dUe xa hdi, d Vidt Nam dUdc bdo vi vd tdn sDng cd t h l ndi khdng kdm m i hon d Trung Qufic NhUng hidu cDa ngufli Vidt Nam cd hai idp nghTa, dd, quan nidm vd hilu kinh dfii vdi cha mp cDa hi) hodn todn gidng nhU Trung Qufic Trd diem dd ra, hp cdn cd mfit thd h i l u khdc, dd la iflp nghTa hilu dfii vdi ddt nudc NgUdi Vidt Nam gpi hilu vdi cha mp Id "tilu hieu" vd gpi hieu ddi vdi ddt nudc id "dai hilu"™ Khi Ijch sD nudc nhd sang mdt trang mdi, dd't nudc blnh, de xa hfii phat then, idm cho ddn giau, nude manh, Bdc Hd cung da cd nhOng vdn dgng chC hilu h i t sDc iinh hoat - gdn liln vdi dao dDc ngudi lam cdch mang, dd id "trung vfli nudo, hieu vdi dan" NgUdi ndi: "cung nhii trung id trung vdi Tfi qufic, hieu id hilu vfli nhdn ddn, ta thuong cha mp ta, md cdn phil thuong cha mp ngudi, phdi cho mpi ngufli ddu bilt thUdng cha me"™ Nhu vdy, dfii vfli vdn hda gia dinh Vidt Nam, hidu dUdc xem Id mfit gid trj d$o dDc ndn tdng cda mpi ludn 1;/, n i n tdng cda stf khiing djnh nhdn cdch ngudi vd nd trd thdnh truyin thdng hilu dao gia dinh Vidt Nam Qua td't cd nhOng b i l u hidn dd, ta thay ChO hieu h i t silc ei,i t h l gia dinh ngufli I" Pham van Bdng, Vin Ma vi ddl mdl, Nxb CTOG, HN 1995, tr.75 Vidt Nam Ndi gidn dj thl cdch t h l hidn hieu »i Tdn Dien Phong, Stf truyin bi, phit tridn vi d90 ddi sfing gia dinh Vidt Nam la each bidn ddl cUa tu ttfdng Nho gia d Vlit Nam, Tap chl t h l hidn khdng cdu nd vdo hlnh thdc, l l nghi HdnNdm, 2004, tr.15 f^' Ban TU tudng vdn hoa Trung Udng, Ttf tudng phDc tap Hilu dao khdng phdi la mdt phai" trD, mdt chuin mi,lc dao dde b i t bidn nen H6 Chllttinh vi vin hda, HN 2003, tr.281 Khoa hpe chfnh trj - Sfi 2/2)13 'j\£nien am - 'i rao aoi khfing trdnh khdi nhflng thay ddi, tde ddng tQ nhflng dieu kifin vdn hda, cd cau kinh td xd hpi hign tgi Van dd Id chflng ta cdn nhin nhdn, hilu vd danh gia ve nd nhU thd ndo eho dflng Vigt Nam sau hdn 25 ndm ddi mdi, xay dQng nen kinh td thj trUdng djnh hudng XHCN, dUdi sU lanh dgo cfla Ddng, nhdn ddn ta da dgt dupc nhQng thdnh tQu to ldn, cd y nghTa ljch sfl Viee thd cung td tifin dupc nhidu ngQdi chfl trpng hdn trQdc Dd la net nghTa cfla ngQdi Vifit Nam Nd khdi gpi cho the he sau "udng nUde nhd ngudn", sdng cd tlnh, nghTa trUdc sau Tuy nhifin, nhQng ndm ddi mdi, dgo dQc xd hdi noi Chung, dgo dQc gia dinh ndi rifing cfi nhieu bilu hi$n suy thodi Nhieu gia dinh da IP td viec gia huan; chdu Idn Ifin gdy nhQng dieu Idm l6i Do vdy, da ddn Ifle mpi gia dinh cdn d l tdm, sodt xet Igi, tai lap gia gido, gia phong; phdi nghT tdi cdi dgo dn fl ed le nghTa, quy eu, trdt tQ nd nfi'p nha va tpe hp minh, sau dd la xa hpi, tren cd sfl ndp sdng vdn minh, vdn hda Bdi, ba't cQ tdn tgi trfin eoi ddi deu dupe sinh tfl cha mg minh T h l hifin dao hidu vdi cha mg khong chl Id bdn phdn, traeh nhifim cfla ngUdi Idm con, ma Id quyen Ipi thifing lifing va cao cd cfla moi ngUdi Viec giao dpc dgo hie'u giflp cai thdy dQpc bdn phdn Idm con, gifl dung vi tri cfla minh gia dinh Ddy Id van dd h i t sfle quan trpng gido dgc gia dinh tfl xQa de'n Khfirvg chfl tdm tfli gido dgc dgo hifi'u gia dinh Id thifi'u sdt, qufin lang cdi ndn mdng thiet ydu nhit cfla dgo dflc xa hfii va eon ngUdi Trong thQc te day bidn dfing cfla xa hfii hign nay, bfin cgnh nhflng tdm gUdng hidu thdo, nhflng tdm Idng nhan nghTa, dn tinh vdi eha mg, vdn cdn dd nhidu ngUdi cd thdi dfi bat nhdn, bdt nghTa, thidu tfin trpng hodc cd hdnh vi hdn lao, vo dgo dflc vdl cha mg Mfit sd ngQdi coi vific nuoi dUdng, chdm sdc cha mg nhU mdt ganh nang Mdt sd ngQdi Khoa hpe chtnh tn - S5 2/2013 57 khdc Igi nghT rdng, chl cdn ddng gdp tien bgc d l nufii dQdng cha mg Id da lam trdn bdn phdn cua ngUdi Cd nhQng gia dinh kinh te khd khdn, didu ki$n vdt chat eo hgp nfin khfing cd didu ki$n ho§c thudng Idng trdnh vigc chdm soc cha mg NhUng cung cd nhQng ngQdi rat gidu thl Igi bao hieu ehJ bdng cdch thufi nhflng ngudi xa Ig vd cham sde eha mg, de eha mg sdng budn tui, cfi ddn Nhflng hi$n tUpng tfch cpc va tifiu CQc vd dgo hifi'u dang xdy xa hpi hi$n da d$t nhidu v l n dd bQc xflc md chung ta edn gidi quydt VI vdy, bfin cgnh vide phdt huy, nfiu gQdng nhflng tam long hidu thdo cfla cdi ddi vdi cha mg, ehflng ta cflng cdn Ifin an vd phe phdn cac hifin tupng cdi ngQpc ddi cha mg Muo'n thQc hifin dupe didu dd, chung ta phai ndng cao hdn nfla vai tro cua gido dpc chfl hieu giai dogn hifin Ndu tfl xa xUa, cha ong ta da rat coi trpng va ren giua chfl hiiu thi nay, chflng ta phdi sQc ndng niu, trdn trpng vd gin giQ no ThQe hien dgo hidu gia dinh, chung ta se ndi dUpe nghifip nhd, lam rang rd td tfing vd gdp phan eho su on dinh, phat triln efla xa hpi Vi the, chfl hiiutis xUa den khdng trgc tiep tao nfin mflc tang trUdng GDP mfii ndm cfla Viet Nam, nhung Igi cd mpt y- nghTa het sfle Idn lao Id da tgo nhflng ngudi Viet Nam nghTa tinh, hie'u thdo Tdm Igi, dgo hidu theo quan nigm cfla Khdng Tfl dupc xem la mdt trgc trung tam, dnh xg dQpc tat cd cdc mdi quan hfi khdc gia dinh va xa hdi- Trpng mdi tQdng quan gia dinh - xa hfii, hidu mang nd bdn chdt nhifin Vi hilu Id tinh cdm tfl nhien dQpe ndy sinh thfing qua dQdng huydt thdng, tgo nfin mdt sQ "rdng bufic" giQa cha mg vd cai vfi cflng nhien vd thieng lifing Vi$t Nam, mdc dfl hign dgo hieu dang phdi ddi m$t vdi nhilu thach (tiip trang 73) IQnh nghiem • Thic tiin stf quan tdm cDa Ddng, Nha nDdc dfii vdi Thdnh phfi, dfing vifin mpi ting idp nhdn ddn Thanh phfi tham gia cfi kfit qud thi/c hidn nhidm vp chlnh trj, xdy dUng chlnh quydn dd thj vdng mpnh, speh, xanh, dpp, vdn minh, hifin dpi Thtftim,Jp Hfi Chl Minh c i n chD ddng, tich cue phfii hop vdi cde bd, ban, ngdnh trung uong, cdc dja phuong vd ngodi vDng kinh tfi trpng dilm phfa Nam, nhim tao thdm sDc manh vd dilu kidn thufin ipi cho Thdnh phfi phdt triln Dfing thdi, ede bd, ban, ngdnh trung Udng c i n ed y thDc vd trdch nhifim phfii hop ehdt ehe, hd trp, giup dd Thdnh phfi xdy dUng vd thpc hifin quy hoach, k l hoaeh, ed chfi, chinh sdch phdt trien cae ngdnh trfin dja ban; kilm tra, gidm sdt vd kjp thdi thdo gd cde khd khdn, vudng mdc d l Thdnh phd phdt triln Cdc ttnh, thdnh phfi cd nudc, nhd't Id edc tlnh VDng d n chD dfing phdt triln quan hfi iifin kfi't, hop tde vdi Tp Hd Chl Minh trfin cdc ITnh vUe, tao nfin su gdn bd vd sdc mpnh chung d l cdng phdt t r i l n • T A I Ligu THAM K H A O 16-NQ/TU ngdy Nghj quylt 10/08/2012 cDa Bfi Chlnh trj v l Phuong hudng, nhi^m vp phdt trien Tp Hd Chl Minh dfin ndm 2020 Bdo SGGP thdng vd 9/2012 Tlf Tl/ Tl/dNG CUA KHONG TUf VE DAO HIEU (tiep trang 57) thDc: qud trlnh CNH, HDH, mdt trai cua nen kinh td thj trudng- da tac ddng den sD on djnh cDa djnh chfi gia dinh vd cd nhDng yeu td van hda, chuan mUc mdi ID ben ngodi vdo, nhung vupt qua khdng gian vd thdi gian, dao hifiu v l n chDng td dupc sDc manh cDa nd ddi sdng gia dinh vd nd ddi hdi mdi ngudi phdi cd mfit su nd IDc idn v l m$t tu duang dao dDc vd bifit xD ly dpo hilu theo hodn cdnh.Q TAI Ligu THAM K H A O Ban Tu tudng vdn hda Trung Udng, Ttf ttfdng Hi Chl Mlnh vi vin hda, HN 2003, tr.281 Huyln IVldc Dao Nhfln - Dodn Trung Odn djch, Hidu kinh, Nxb Tong hdp Dfing Thdp, 2003 Pham Vdn Dfing, Vin hda vi ddl mdl, Nxb CTQG, HN 1995, tr.75 Truong Dinh Nguyfin, Mai Xudn Hdi khoa hpe chlnh trj - So 2/2013 (djeh) (cb), Ttf didn Bich khoa Nho - Phit Lio, Nxb Vdn hpe, HN 2003 Truong Minh Hiln, Sdn vi chtf hidu cOa din lie Vlit Nam, Tap ehi XUa va Nay, (sfi 248), 11/2005 Nguyen Minh Hda, Nhttng thich thtfc dit trtfdc mtfc tiiu xiy dtfng nin vin hoa tiin tidn, dim di bin sie din tic tai Tp Hd Chl Mlnh, Tap chl Khoa hpe xd hfii (sfi 29), 1996 Trin Trpng Hoanh, Bii hoe ttf Luin Ngtt cda Khdng TO, Nxb Trd, Tp Hfi CHI Minh, 2007 Ldm Dal HDng, Hidu di quan nlim ttf ttfdng, Trung QuSc Vdn SD Bdch khoa, Trilt Giang Nhdn dan xult b i n xa, 2000 Trin Trpng Kim, Nho glio, Nxb Tp Hfi Chi Minh, 1992 10 Tdn Diln Phong, Stf tmyin bi, phit tridn vi bidn ddl cOa ttf ttfdng Nho gia d Vlit Nam, Tap chl Han Ndm, 2004