Một số ý kiến người dân về hai loại tiền giấy việt nam

64 Xa hgi hgc so (109), 2010 NGU'OI DAN VE HAI LOAI TIEN GL^Y VIET NAM MOT SO Y K I E N DANG THANH TRUC* In va phat banh ddng tien lflu thdng la v l n de nhay cam ddi vdi b i t efl qud'c gia nao, vi ddng tien, ngoai tie dung nhfl mdt phfldng tien lflu thdng, edn ed mdi lien he trflc tie'p tdi an ninh qud'c gia, va ed tae ddng tdi thai eua ngfldi dan ddi vdi nen kinh te ndi rieng va Nha nfldc ndi ehung CMnh vi vay, Ngan hang Nha nfldc Viet Nam eho phat hanh va lflu thdng loai tien mdi dfldc in b i n g chat lieu polymer (nhfla) thay the cho loai tien dfldc in tren chit lieu cotton (giiy) truyen thd'ng da gay mdt sd' thdng tin t r i i chieu tren d e phfldng tien thdng tin dai ehung Thdi gian gin day (thang 12/2008) dfl Man ve chat Ifldng eua ddng tien polymer lai mdt lln nfla dfldc phan anh tren mdt sd' bao in va hlo hinh, thu hflt sfl quan tam eua gidi nghien cflu xa hdi Bai vie't dfla tren sd' lieu eua eude nghien cflu Ddnh gid ve chd't lugng tien ddng Viet Nam vd thdi dp cua ngUdi suS dung (do Vien Xa hdi hgc trien khai vao thang 12 nam 2008 vdi mau la 1003 bang cau hdi va 36 phdng v l n sau) Hy vgng bai vie't se eung d p mdt cai nMn dfldi gdc xa hdi hge ve v l n de C h a t Ivfgfng t i e n p o l y m e r v a t i e n c o t t o n Chit Ifldng eua ddng tien Viet Nam dfldc xem xet theo eae chf bao ve ben, nat, mun, kha nang gifl sach, kha nang gifl mdi va kha nang ehiu tac ddng eua d c ye'u td'mdi trfldng nhfl khdng khi, am, nfldc v.v > Do b e n NMn ehung ngfldi dan danh gia r i t cad ben eua tien polymer Men dang dfldc sxi dung 82,6% ngfldi tra ldi cho bie't tien polymer khd rich Khi so sanh ve ben gifla tien polymer va tien cotton, sd' ngfldi khang dinh tien polymer ben hdn chie'm flu the hdn ban (92%), vdi eae ty le 49,5% ngfldi eho rang: tien polymer ra't khd rach hdn so vdi tien cotton va 42,5% ngfldi dfla y kie'n: tien polymer hdi khd rach hdn sd vdi tien cotton "Tiin cotton de rdch han tiin polymer, vi tiin polymer cd dai han, cd chdt lieu ni long tdt Tiin cotton de rdch bdi vi nd cd chdt lieu bdng gidy, giao dich nhiiu ndm ddn de'n hien tUOng bdo mdn tiin, cgng vdi chdt lUOng gidy hay bi bui, gap mdi trudng dm hodc gap nitdc thi tiin se bi dm vd Udt ne'u sit dung khong cdn than se bi ndt vd rdch Vi bin tdi ddnh gid tiin polyemer cd bin ldu hOn so vdi tiin cotton" (Nam, 48 tudi, 12/12, kinh doanh vgt dung gia dinh TP Ho Chi.Minh) ' ThS, Vien Xd hgi hgc Dgng Thanh True 65 > Do nat Nhan xet v^ n h l u n i t eua ddng tien, ed tdi 83,5% sd' ngfldi tham gia phdng van eho bie't tien polymer rat khd hoae hdi khd n h l u nat Chi ed 7,6% y kie'n cho r i n g tien polymer bdi d i n h l u nat va mdt ty le rat nhd - 1,5% eho r i n g ra't d i n h l u nat So sanh gifla hai loai tien, 91,9% ndi r i n g tien polymer r i t khd va hdi khd n h l u nat hdn hdn tien cotton "Tiin polymer it hi ndt han, it bi mun rd gap phdi nUdc Ngugc lgi, ddng tiin cotton ngdy trUde cd gap nUdc Id de ndt, de rdch han rdt nhiiu" (Nd, 48 tudi, 12 /12, chu ciia hdng chdnga gdi dem Dd Ndng) Chi cd mdt ty le r i t khiem td'n, vdi 3,7% ngfldi tra ldi nhan xet r i n g tien polymer hdi d i n h l u nat hdn tien cotton Va day ed the la ly de ngfldi dan dfla nhan xet dd: "Tiin polymer cung cd mdt sdrnenh gid hay nhU tiin lO.OOOd vd 20.000d nhUng cd chdt nylon nen mdc ndt khong rd ldm, vdn cd the coi la Uu han so vdi tiin cotton Tiin polymer de ndt nhdt la d nhiing nep gdp cda ddng tien Tiin cotton ndt d cd td tiin chd khdng rieng phdn ndo" (Nam, 40 tudi, dgi hgc, chu cita hdng mdy tinh Cdn Tha) > Do m u n Theo quan sat eua ngfldi dan thi mun la mdt nhflng diem manh eua ddng tien polymer, y kie'n cho r i n g tien polymer r i t khd mun va hdi khd mun chie'm mdt ty le r i t eao - 89,9% Chi ed 2,7% td'ng sd'ngfldi dfldc hdi ndi tien polymer hdi de mun va r i t de mun Ne'u so sanh vdi tien cotton, tien polymer chie'm flu the gan nhfl tuyet ddi ve mun, vdi td'ng edng 94,9% ngfldi dfldc hdi tra ldi rang tien polymer r i t khd mun hdn va hdi khd miin hdn so vdi tien cotton "Tiin coton neu bi ngdm ldu nUdc Idy khdng cdn than se bi rdch het, vi tiin gidy gap nUdc de bi mun, phdi de cho nd tU khd rdi gd tdng td mdt Cdn tiin polymer neu d^ quen tui qudn sau giat xong vdn Idy de ddng, khong bi rdch vd cung khdng cdn chd cho khd hdn" (Nd, 57 tudi, dgi hgc, cdn bd hUu tri Binh Duang) > Do s a c h Kha nang gifl sach cua ddng tien polymer cung dfldc ngfldi dan tin tfldng vdi mdt ty le eao - 83,1% Chi ed chfla de'n 4% ngfldi dfldc phdng v l n eho rang tien polymer hdi d i ban va r i t d i ban Nhflng ngfldi tra ldi cflng danh flu nhieu hdn eho kha nang gifl saeh eiia tien polymer so vdi tien cotton, vdi td'ng edng 92% y kie'n eho r i n g tien polymer rat khd ban hdn hoae hdi khd ban hdn tien ectton Chi cd mdt ty le r i t khdng dang ke (1,7%) nhan xet rang tien polymer hdi d i ban hdn hdae ra't d i ban hdn Sd vdi tien cotton "Tiin polymer khd bdm bdn han tiin cotton vi cd tran nhdt dinh Nhiiu khdch hdng say, sau lUa chgn gd, cd tay cua khdch hdng bi dinh mdu gd, dinh ddt, cdm tiin dUa, nhUng chi cdn Idy khdn sgch lau la hii Cdn tiin cotton, do nhdm nhiiu nen di bdm bdn han vd dd bi bdm bdn thi khdng lau dugc (Nam, 29 tudi, /12, bdn ggo Binh Duang) 66 Mgt sd'y kie'n ngddi ddn ve hai logi tien gidy Viet Nam > Do mdi 70,7% ngfldi tra ldi phdng van nhan xet td't ve ddng tien polymer hdn vdi ddng tien cotton, vdi suy nghi tien polymer gifl dfldc mdi lau hdn r i t nhieu va hdi lau hdn SO vdi tien cotton Tuy nhien ty le ngfldi ung hd ddng tien cotton so vdi ddng tien polymer ve kha nang gifl mdi da tang len so vdi cae ye'u td' khae nhfl ben, nat, mun va kha nang gifl saeh Td'ng edng ed tdi 17,3% ngfldi eho bie't la tien cotton gifl dfldc mdi hdi lau hdn (14,4%) hoac lau hdn rat nhieu (2,9%) so vdi tien polymer Mfle gifl mdi eua ddng tien dfldc danh gia thdng qua kha nang chiu nfldc, chiu nhiet, am, b i m b i n va mfle phai mau qua trinh sfl dung Ngfldi dan d i n h gia eao kha nang chiu nfldc, am va bam bui cua ddng tien polymer, nhflng ve ehiu nhiet thi hg eho r i n g tien polymer khdng b i n g ddng tien cotton "Tiin cotton thi khdng chiu ddgc mdi trddng dm vd nddc, neu bi moi trUdng ndy tdc ddng, td tiin se nhanh cd han, nhanh ngd mdu khde, nhanh rd han" (Nam, 48 tudi, 12/12, kinh doanh vgt dung gia dinh TP Ho Chi Minh) > Do an toan cua dong tien do'i v6i sijfc khoe ngifdi tieu dung Mfle an toan ddi vdi sflc khoe cung dfldc nhin nhan qua cae ye'u td' nhfl bam ban, bui, am md'c va mui hdi eua ddng tien qua q u i trinh sfl dung Nhfl da phan tich d nhflng p h i n tren, ngfldi dan ludn eho rang tien polymer It bam ban, it cd bui It hi am md'c va It ed mfli hdi hdn r a t nhieu so vdi tien cotton ea qua trinh trao ddi tien eung nhfl e l t gifl tien Da sd' ngfldi dfldc hdi (71,6%) deu danh flu diem eho ddng tien polymer, vdi d c ty le tfldng flng eho rang tien polymer an toan hdn r i t nhieu va hdi an toan hdn so vdi tien cotton la 32,6% va 39,2% Sd' ngfldi dfla nhan dinh mfle dd an toan la nhfl ddi vdi ea hai loai tien chie'm ty le 18,6% Day la mdt ty le tfldng dd'i cao ne'u so vdi ele tieu chi k h l e da phan tieh d tren Ngfldc lai, chl 2% ty le ngfldi dfldc hdi eho bie't tien cotton hdi an toan (1,5%) va an toan hdn rat nhieu so vdi tien polymer (0,5%) "Toi thdy ddng tiin polymer it bi bdn, it bi nhdu ndt, it bi mun rd han, nen nd it bi bui, it mang theo nhUng vi trung han so vdi ddng tiin cotton" (Nam, 52 tudi, 12/12, chu cUa hdng xe mdy Dd Ndng) > Nhan xet chung ve chat Ividng dong polymer Bdng Ct\6\ luong tien polymer Chdf luong """ ' Rdtfdt 136 13.6 Tdt 572 57.0 Binh thudng 248 24.7 46 4.6 Rdt kem 1 Tdng s6 1003 100.0 Kem - Tylf% Sd y kien Ddng Thanh True 67 P h i n ddng ngfldi tra ldi phdng van (70,6%) xae nhan ddng polymer ed chit Ifldng td't Vdi nhflng dae tinb dfldc neu dfldi day so sanh thi tien polymer dfldc ngfldi sfl dung ghi nhan tdi yd'u td' la diem manh so vdi tien cotton Ngfldc lai, tien cotton eung cd mdt sd' diem manh so vdi tien polymer nhfl khd bi bie'n dang nhiet, de vud't thang va It bae mau Bi^u So sdnh 10 yeu to cua loqi tien 59.6 it bae mau 18.8 it ciiju tac dong cOa moi trudng Tien I Ve phiftfng d i e n sxi dung: 74,5% dd'i tfldng khao s i t bay td t h i i yeu thich dd'i vdi ddng tien polymer ve sfl thuan tien s^ dung ndi ehung T r i i lai, sd' 70 Mgt sdy kien ngddi dan vi hai logi tien gidy Viet Nam ngfldi fla thich ddng tien cotton ehi chie'm ty le ra't khiem td'n, vdi 13,2% Bdng Mure dd thugn tif n sir dung cua dong polymer so vdi dong cotton Mircdg Ty Ie % Sd y kien Thich tien polymer hon nhieu 373 37.2 \ Hoi thich ti^n polymer hon 374 37.3 \ Thich hai loai nhu 134 13.4 \ Hoi thkh tien cotton hon 71 7.1 Thfeh tien cotton hon nhieu 51 5.1 Tong sd 1003 100.0 j V a n de b a o a n c u a d o n g t i e n > Miic g a p p h a i t i e n gia Ty 1§ nhdm eae evta hang ldn eung nhfl nhdm dan ehung gap phai tien polymer gia eao hdn khdng dang ke so vdi gap tien cotton gia, chi tfl 5% de'n 7% vdi d e tan s u i t hang tuin, hang thing, nxia nam vai l l n va mdt nam mdt vai lan Tfldng tfl nhfl dd'i vdi d c e i a hang ldn, mfle gap phai tien polymer gia dd'i vdi nhdm d i n chung va cae eiia hang nhd cung eao hdn mfle gap phai tien cotton gia va sfl khae biet ve ty le eung khdng ldn O t i n s u i t chfla bao gid va thfldng xuyen gap khoang each ve ty le gap phai tien cotton gia va tien polymer gia la rat nhd > K h a n a n g p h a t h i e n t i e n gia Kinh nghiem cua ngfldi dan viec phat Men tien gia la r i t phong phu nhd vao viee nghe thdng tin tren d e phfldng tien thdng tin dai ehung eung nhfl sfl mach bao eua nhflng ban bang va ngfldi t h i n , ban be De phat Men tien gia, ngoai viec dflng den soi hoae may phat Men tien gia, ngfldi dan khdng ehi quan sat mau sac, nhin nglm hai ben mep td tien ma edn can cfl vao chat lieu, cae eon chfl va eon so', anh Bae, qud'c huy tren td tien "Toi nghi phdt hien tiin gid la de cd tiin polymer ldn cotton Cdch phdn biet cua tiin cotton la nhin dnh Bdc Ho, sd chdt lieu gidy Cdn polymer thi nhin dUdng thdng chgy cheo qua qud'c huy, nhin ddi mdu vd sd ma sdt tren edc chd vd sd'ne'u tran la tiin gid" (Nd, 43 tudi, trung cdp, chu c^a hdng ndi thdt, Lgng San) "Tiin gid polymer cd mdu xdu han, nhgt han Cdm len, nd khong tran ldng nhU tien that Nd nhdm nhdm, xdn xdn, khdng duac tinh sdo ldm cdch trang tri td tiin" (Nam, 40 tudi, 9/12, chu tiem cdm dd Tdy Ninh) > K h a n a n g l a m gia d o n g t i e n Ddng Thanh True 71 Bleu So sanh v4 mipc dp d l bj lam gia giu'a tien Polymer v^ tidn Cotton (%) D C d l lam gia hon P rat nhieu a Nhu • P de Icim gia hdn C rat nhieu 15,1 38,4 • hoi de lam gia hdn P Q P hdi d i lam gia hon C i Q Khac ^M 38,4% ngfldi dan eho rang ea ddng tien pdlymer va ddng tien cotton deu ed kha nang hi lam gia nhfl, nhau; 18,1% khang dinh ddng tien cotton de hi lam gia hdn r i t nhieu so vdi tien polymer 7,3% nhan xet la ddng tien polymer de hi lam gia hdn rat nhieu so vdi tien cotton "Theo tdi thi mdt chung dd ldm cdi nghi dd rdi thi du la polymer hay cotton chung diu ldm gid dugc, ldm bao nhieu cdng xong" (Nam, 40 tudi, 9/12, chu tiem cdm dd Tdy Ninh) Nhflng ly giai thich eho viec ddng tien cotton de hi lam gia hdn chu ye'u la chit lieu giiy eiia ddng tien: de san xult, de mua va de bam mfle; hoac cung ed the ngfldi dan eho r i n g cae ehi tie't tren td tien qui ddn gian nen d i dang bi lam gia "Tiin cotton de ldm gid han chdt lieu bdng cotton nen mUc in de bdm han, de in han thi se de ldm gid han" (Nam, 40 tudi, dgi hgc, chu ciia hdng mdy tinh, Cdn Tha) Dd'i vdi ddng tien polymer nguyen nhan de hi lam gia ed the la ddng tien ed menh gia ldn "Tiin polymer de bi ldm gid han tiin coton vi menh gid ldn, hdp ddn hgn ldm hdng gid hOn" (NQ, 35 tudi, 12/12, gido vien Binh Duang) Nhflng da so' ngfldi dan v l n thfla nhan kha nang khd lam gia hdn han eua ddng tien polymer so vdi ddng cotton bdi sfl phflc tap eua viec in va giay in tien "Polymer thi nghe ndi phdi in chd vd so'gida ldp nylon nen cd the khd han" (Nd, 43 tudi, trung cdp, chu cita hdng ndi thdt, Lgng San) - T h a i c u a ngufdri sxi d u n g > Miifc yeu t h i c h , h a i long vdi d o n g t i e n p o l y m e r Bdng Cdm nhqn ve tien polymer MLPC dp ciim nh|in Sd y kien Ty Ie % Rat thich 272 27.1 \ Hoi thich 483 48.2 72 Mgt sdy kien ngddi ddn vi hai logi tiin gidy Viet Nam Bhih thudng 184 18.3 Hoi khdng thich 40 4.0 Hoan toan khdng thich 24 2.4 1003 100.0 Tong sd Hien dong polymer van chiem dfldc tinh cam yeu men va sfl hai ldng eua ngfldi sxi dung: 75,3% cam nhan thieh va r i t thich ddng tien polymer "Thich dung tiin polymer han Khi sit dung thdy tiin polymer ed nhiiu du diem han so vdi tiin cotton Tiin polymer khd rdch, khd bdm bdn, khdng thdm nddc, khong bi tdc ddng nhiiu bdi mdi trUdng, khdng bi dm md'c, khdng bi md'i mgt, tiin polymer cd menh gid ldn, trgng lUOng nhd, kich cd ggn har^, tien lgi cho ngUdi tiiu dung cdt gid vd mang theo ngddi" (nam, 30 tudi, hge vdn dgi hgc, nhdn vien ky thugt cita hdng game, Cdn Tha) Xu hfldng khdng thieh ehi ehie'm% khdng d i n g ke (6,4%) Tuy nhien eung cd tdi 18,3% khdng td thai yeu hay ghet dd'i vdi ddng polymer > Cac yeu t o t a c d o n g Trong sfl "yeu men" va "hai ldng" vdi ddng polymer khdng cd sfl khae biet ve gidi, nghe nghiep, bgc van, song ed sfl tae ddng eua ye'u td' "do tud'i" Sfl t i e ddng bieu hien bing tfldng quan ty le nghich gifla tud'i vdi mfle yeu thieh va hai ldng vdi ddng polymer O nhdm tudi cang tre thi sfl yeu thieh cang ldn Xu hfldng yeu thich giam d i n ddi vdi d e nhdm tudi ldn hdn Theo bao d o d i n h gii eua hai tinh Da nang va Binh Dfldng thi sd di nhdm ngfldi ldn tud'i khdng yeu thich tien polymer nhfl tien cotton thdi quen da dfldc thie't lap hang ehue nam chfla ma't di va tam ly "hoai cd" ciia ngfldi cd tudi, y kie'n eiia ehi M.T.H, 51 tudi, CBVCNN d Lang Sdn phdng vln sau hoan toan phfl hdp vdi nhan dinh tfl hai bad eao dd: "Td cd tiin polymer co cdm thdy khdng thich ldm Vi co da sit dung tiin cotton td thcii bao cdp, minh dd quen rdi, chuyen sang tiin minh khdng thich" Trong dd ldp ngfldi tre ed tam ly de chip nhan, de boa ddng vdi "cai mdi" hdn va hg hinh nhfl ed ve khach quan hdn chfla hi an dinh bdi thdi quen sfl dung tien cotton "Luc chda ddi tiin thi em cdn he, chdng mdy ddgc tieu tiin Den bdy gid bdn hdng thi sit dung tiin polymer la chinh, ddng cotton ehi cd d menh gid nhd Khdng hieu ngddi ta che tien polymer the ndo nhdng em thdy nd khong sac sd nhd tiin cotton, nhitng trdng hien dgi vd de chiu Em thdy chdng cd diiu gi ddng phdn ndn." (Nfl, 26 tud'i, ban hang thue, 12/12, Iiang Sdn) Tuy nhien vdi t i t ca mgi tud'i thi xu hfldng yeu men, hai ldng vdi ddng polymer bao gid eung chiem flu the va thfldng gip khoang 11, de'n 12 lan xu hfldng khdng yeu thieh ddng tien Vflng eung la ye'u td' ed tae ddng den mfle yeu thich va sfl hai ldng ddi vdi ddng polymer nhflng khdng ldn, vdi sfl chenh lech ebi vdi khoang 10% gifla vflng mien Trung va mien Nam so vdi mien Ble > Gia thuyet ve viec svt dung thong nhat mot loai tien va cac yeu to tac dong Ddng Thanh True 73 Bieu Thich thay the cac loal tien (%) Nhom Thich 73.2 i dong y, ko phan doi Nh6m Ko thich |75 g8.2 r Cotton bing Polymer 20 40 60 80 D Polymer bing Cotton i a i i ! i i w j i j i i i i u i I ii.i I IJ I WtMMhiMilMMl\imx ''t'''^i^''f^««'*»