JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci , 2013, Vol 58, No 10, pp 35 41 MOT SO Y KIEN DE XUAT VE DINH H U 6 N G PHAT TRIEN CHl/ONG TRINH MON HOA HOC SAU 2015 6 VIET NAM Cao Thi Thang Vien Kho[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci., 2013, Vol 58, No 10, pp 35-41 MOT SO Y KIEN DE XUAT VE DINH H U N G PHAT TRIEN CHl/ONG TRINH MON HOA HOC SAU 2015 VIET NAM Cao Thi Thang Vien Khoa hpc Gido due Viet Nam Tom tat Bai bao trinh bay li doi mdi giao trinh Hoa hoc, dUa cd sd khoa hoc va thuc tiln cho viec doi mdi, kien nghi cho dinh hU('Jng phat irien giao trinh Hda hoc giao due thong sau nam 2015 Dmh hifdng tap trung vao phat trie'n nang lUc hoi nhap thUc hanh phi/dng phap giang day tieu chuan giao trinh va danh gia ket qua nghien cdu Hda hoc Tifkhda: Dinh hudng phat trien, chifdng trinh Hoa hoc giao trinh Hdii hoc Mot dau Cung nhu nhieu mdn hoc khac, bd chuOng trinh Hoa hoc phd thong dupe Bd Giao due va Dao tao chinh thdc ban hanh nam 2006 va dUdc xay dung theo yeu eau eiia Nghi quyet 40/2000 etia Qude hdi |9] ChUOng trinh da diip dng dUde cac yeu ciu ciia xa hoi Viet Nam nhiing nam qua (9, 10] Tuy nhien cho den nay, cung vdi Bd chUdng trinh giao due thdng ndi chung chUOng trinh Hda hoe phd thdng da bde Id mot sd ban che viec dap dng yeu ciu mdi irong giai doan cong nghiep hda hien dai hoa, hoi nhap qude te 11, 13] Cu the'lii: - ChUdng trinh chUa dupe xay dUng theo hUdng tiep can nang lUc; edn thien vc trang bi kien thdc khoa hoc bo mdn, chUa ehu dung miic tdi viec ren luyen phUdng phap tu hoe, ihue hanh va ifng dung kiln thifc vao thUc tien cho hoc sinh (HS) - Hda hoc cdn la mon hpc bat budc cho til ca cae HS d trung hdc phd thdng ke ca cac HS khong cd khuynh hUdng khoa hoc tU nhien, lam giam kha nang dinh hUdng phan luong dinh hudng nghi nghiep cho HS sau tdt nghiep trung hoc phd thdng - ChUdng irinh it tao cd hoi ren luyen cho HS nang luc chung nhu giai quyet cac van de hpc tap va cupc sdng, nang lUe hdp tac, nang life sang tao chUa thUe sU chii giao due ki nang sdng, ki nang tim hieu va tii xac dmh khuynh hudng nghe nghiep tUdng lai Mot s6 noi dung ehUdng trinh chUa cap nhat Ngay nliiin hiii 21/1/2012 Ngay nlian dang: 29/11/201.^ Liiin hO; Cao Tin Thiing c-mail canlhang hoaf^gmail com Cao Thi Thang - Khi xay dung chUdng trinh theo ciu true xoan 6c, cd luc edn chUa ehu y tdi tinh phat trien gida cac cip hoc nen da tao nhiing trung lap khong cin thill [9,10] - Npi dung cua mot s6 chii de chUdng trinh mon hpc cdn nang tinh ban lam chUa thuc su gan vdi ddi sdng thUc cua HS - Cd sU khong phii hop giiia dung lUOng va thdi lUdng Ndi dung thUc hanh luyen tap van dung vao thiic tiln cdn it nen da gdp phin gay nen hien tupng "qua tai" vdi ca HS vaGV[9,10] - Viec gan kit npi dung Hda hpc npi bd mdn hpc cung nhu giiia ndi dung gifla cae mdn khoa hoc Vat li, Hda hpc, Sinh hoe, Khoa hpc trai dat it nen viec van dung kien thdc de giai quyyit mot so vin dl phiic hdp ciia thiic tien ban chi [12] - Viec tiep can vdi ehUdng trinh Hda hpc ndi rieng va chUOng trinh cac mdn khoa hpc ndi chung tren thi gidi han che vl muc tieu, npi dung, phUdng phap day hpc dac biet la danh gia kit qua hoe tap [11, 12, 13, 14] Nhung han che tren cho thiy viec thUc hien doi mdi chuong trinh sach giao khoa ndi chung va mdn Hda hpc ndi rieng la mot viec lam cip thilt hien 2.1 Noi dung nghien cu'u Ca sa khoa hoc va thuc tien de xuat dinh hUdng doi m6i chuOng trinh giao due thong mon Hoa hoc Cac ket qua nghien cdu gin day ciia Vien Khoa hpc Giao due va Bp Giao due - Dao tao la cd sd khoa hoc va thUc tiln de de xuit dmh hUdng ddi mdi chUdng trinh giao due phd thong mdn Hoa hoc Cu the la: - Viec ddi mdi muc tieu giao due ciia GDPT ndi chung va muc tieu giao due cip THPT ndi rieng dap ting nhdng yeu ciu mdi ciia xa hdi Viet Nam va yeu ciu ciia ca nhan ngUdi hpc giai doan mdi [7] Doi mdi muc tieu mdn Khoa hpc va mon Hda hoe phd thdng [11,12,13] - Tiep can nang lUc phat trien chUdng trinh giao due thdng cac mon hoc Viet Nam sau 2015 [6] va mot so kit qua nghien ciiu phat trien mot s6 nang Iitc bo mdn Hda hpc - Dinh hudng phan hda chUOng trinh giao due phd thong sau 2015 [3] va dinh hudng phan hda chUdng trinh mon Hda hoc [9,10,13,19,20] - Dinh hudng tich hdp ndi chung, lich hdp cac mdn khoa hpc cung nhU mdn Hda hoc ehUdng trinh giao due thong sau 2015 [2, 12, 14, 15] - Xu hudng phat trien chUdng trinh mon Hda hpc va mon Khoa hoe cua mot s6 nUdc tren thi gidi [11, 12, 14, 15] - Nguyen tac, phUOng phap xac dinh npi dung mdn hoc/ linh vUc chuong trinh giao due thdng [8] Mpi so y kien di xuat ve dinh hudng phdt trien chuong trinh mdn Hda hpc - Danh gia chuOng trinh va sach giao khoa Hda hoc Viet Nam td nam 2008 din [9 10,23] - Doi mdi phUdng phap day hpc Hda hpc va doi mdi kiem tra danh gia kit qua hpc tap mdn Hda hpc [16] 2.2 D e xuat ve dinh h u n g phat trien chUctng trinh giao due thong m o n H o a h o c sau Dinh hifdng L Phdt trien ndng luc cho HS Day la dinh hudng mdi ma chUPng trinh Hda hpc 2006 chUa ed ChUdng trinh mdn Hoa hpc phai quan Iriel va cu the hoa duOc muc lieu mdi cua giao due phd thdng cung nhu muc tieu cua cac cip hpc gdp phan phat trien nang luc chung va nang lUc chuyen biet eho HS Muc tieu mdn Hda hoe chii trpng den phat trien nang lUc chung va nang lue chuyen biet cho HS Dinh hifdng The hien tich hpp ro net tif tieu hpe den trung hpc phd thdng gdp phin phat trien nang luc cho HS mot each hieu qua [1] Day la djnh hudng mdi ma chuong trinh Hda hpc 2006 khdng cd Nhan thiic rd Hda hpe la mot bp phan khdng the tach rdi ciia Khoa hoc tU nhien Do ndi dung Hda hoc la bp phan khong the tach rdi eua mdn Khoa hpc tU nhien - tieu hoe: Npi dung Hda hpc bao gdm ca kiln thdc, ki nang, thai dp va nang luc dUdc the hicn rd d chii dl vat chit, chii de nang lUOng va tai nguyen indi irudng mdn hoc cd ten la Khoa hpc - O trung hpc cd sd: Noi dung Hda hpc bao gom ca kien thdc, ki nang, thai dd va nang lUe dUdc the hien rd d chii de "Cae chit va sU biin ddi ciia chiing" mon hoc mdi la Khoa hoc tu nhien hoac mon Li - Hda - Sinh - O trung hoe phd thong: Hda hpc la mdn hpc ddc lap nam nhdm mdn Khoa hpc tu nhien Ndi dung bao gdm: Hda ed sd, Hoa hoc v6 ed, Hoa hoc hiiu cd, Hda sinh, Hda mdi IrUdng dam bao tinh phd thdng co ban, hien dai va thuc tien eua ddi song thuc tren ed sd he thdng tri thdc cua khoa hpc hoa hpc chu yeu ed gan kit vdi mot sd ndi dung sinh hoc, vat li, mot sd vin de chung loan ciu ed lien quan - Xay dung ehu de hoi tu ed chiia ndi dung Hda hpc d cac cip hpc l\iy thudc d mOi cip hpc, npi dung vat chit hoac cae chit va su bien doi cua chung, hoac npi dung Hda hpc se cd mat d cac chu de hdi tu d mdi ldp tif tieu hpc den trung hpe thong tao dieu kien de HS tim toi, kham pha khoa hoc, phat trie'n cae nang luc dac biet la nang luc giai quylt vin dl va nang lUc sang tao Dinh hudng Thifc hien dinh hudng phdn hda cd hieu qua - Phan hda bang mdn hoc tu chpn: Thuc hien phan hda theo mdn hoc tU chpn d Cao Thi Thang trung hpe phd thdng Mon Hda hoc se la mon hpc tU chpn d trung hpc phd thdng Tuy thed miie dp can thilt cua bp mdn Hda hpc cho dinh hUdng nghe nghiep sau l6t nghiep phd thdng HS dUde lUa chpn hoc mon Hda vdi mdc dp chuan hoac mde nang cao Viec chpn mon cd the bat diu tif ldp 10 hoac ldp 11 Neu HS CO nguyen vpng thi vao cac trUdng dai hpc, cao d i n g cin chuyen mon Hda hpc d mde cao nhU dai hpc Y - DUde, dai hpc chuyen nganh hoac su pham Hda, dai hpe ndng lam thi bit bupc chon hoc Hoa hpc d miic nang cao N I U HS cd nguyen vpng thi va d cae trudng dai hpe, cao dang cin chuyen mon Hda hoc d miic vifa phai nhu Sinh hpc Vat li, Ki thuat, Xay dUng thi bat budc chon mon Hda hoe d miic dd chuan Cac HS cd nguyen vpng ve khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van, nghe thuat thi khdng cin chpn hpc mon Hda hpc d trung hoc thdng - Phan hda theo nang luc: Mot so HS ed kha nang, hiing thu vl Hda hpe cd the thi de dUdc chpn vao ldp chuyen Hoa ciia trUdng THPT chuyen Hda, hoc theo chUdng trinh Hda hoc chuyen sau HS hoe theo Irinh nao thi se dUdc danh gia thi cii theo Irinh dd - Phan hda blng chu dl tu chpn: Tuy theo sd thich va nang lUc hoac dac diem nghe nghiep se chon sau nay, HS da chon mon Hda hpc d mdi mde dUOc chpn chii dl tU chon bat budc de giiip dap ling nguyen vong ciia moi HS cu6i cip i'HCS hoac d THPT cd mot so chu d l tU chon de HS c6 the lUa chon ngoai noi dung bat budc d ldp 8, 9, HS chpn chii dl tU chpn nang eao vl Hda hoe chuan bi thi vao cac ldp chuyen Hda d THPT O ldp 10, I I , 12 HS ngoai hoc npi dung bat bupc ihi sc cd cac chii dl tU chpn bat budc gnip dap dng nguyen vong nhu ciu cua HS - Phan hda theo cip hoc- Noi dung Hda hoe dupe phan boa tif tie\i hoc den trung hpc cP sd va trung hpc thong - C) tieu hoc: Npi dung chu yeu la thdng tin cac chit, hien tUdng hda hpc cd the quan sat de dang, chUa co cO sd li thuyet hda bpc - cap trung hoe eO sd: ndi dung vl mot so chit quan cd nhieu dng dung tren cd sd cac khai mem hda hoc md diu - cip trung hoe phd thdng: Cac chit dupe tim hieu ve ciu tao, tinh chit, dng dung, each san xuit tren cd sd cac li thuyet chii dao vc ciu tao chat, Dmh lufdng Tang eUdng thuc hanh, thi nghiem van dung kien thdc, ki nang vao tinh hudng ciia ddi song thifc nhim phat trien cac nang luc chung va nang luc chuyen biet giup cho ndi dung hda hpc trd nen thiet thifc va cd y nghia doi vdi HS Ndi dung thUe hanh va thi nghiem boa hoe dUdc coi trpng, la cd sd de" xay dUng 38 Mdi so y kien d^ xtidl ve dinh hudng phdt trien chuong irinh mdn Hda hoc kiln thdc va ren ki nang hoa hpc va phat trien nang lUc Tinh chit boa hpc eua cac chit dupe chii y xay dung tren cd sd cac li ihuylt chii dao cua hoa hpc va dUdc kiem nghiem dUa tren ed sd thUe nghiem boa hpe Van dung kiln thdc ki nang hda hoe lam cd sd de hieu ro ban chit khoa hpc vl d nhilm va bao ve mdi trUdng, bien doi hau, ve sinh an toan thuc phiin, rau qua, sii: dung hda pham, sCt dung thudc chUa benh, rai pham, bao quan dung cu may mdc Dinh lufdng Phuang phdp day hpc Hoa hpc Can the hien ro tim quan trpng ciia phUdng phap day hoc ehUdng trinh giao due thong mon Hda hoe PhUdng phap day hpc phai la mot npi dung quan trpng ciia ehUdng trinh Hda hpc phd thong (Trudc day chUdng trinh hicn hanh phUdng phap day hpc chi la mot npi dung nhd ciia muc giai thich chuong trinh la khdng phii hop) PhUdng phap day hoc Hda hpc cin the hien rd dinh hudng chung ciia phUdng phap tim tdi nghien cu'u khoa hpc sU thdng nhit vl phUdng phap day hpc mdn Khoa hoe tu nhien ciing nhU cac mdn Vat li, Hda hpc, Sinh hoe va Khoa hoc vl Trai dit PhUdng phap day hoe Hda hpc phai hudng tdi phat trien va ren luyen cac ki nang tiln trinh khoa hpc (science process skills), phat trien nang lUc lam vice khoa hpc va mot sd nang lUc chung quan cua ngUdi lao dpng, phat trien nang !Ue tu hpe Hda hoc cho HS phu hop vdi tam sinh li HS d cac cap hoe, Chii y dinh hudng hoc Hda hpc qua trai nghiem, dng dung edng nghe thdng tin va truyln thdng day hoe Hda hoe Dinh hudng Cliiidn chudng trinh Hoa hpc phd'thdng Chuan ehUOng trinh, cu the hda muc tieu, ndi dung, phUdng phap hoc lap va lam co sd phap li de bien soan sach giao khoa, cac lai lieu hUdng dan day hoe, danh gia ket qua day hoc Hoa hoe Chuan chifdng trinh giao due phd thdng mdn Hda hpc can xac dinh rd mUc dd cin dat dUdc ciia HS sau kit thue mdi chudng trinh cu the ve kiln thdc, ki nang, nang lUc chung va nang liic chuyen biet theo tifng cap, idng ldp c i n the hien ro miie dd chuan, mde dd nang cad trung hoc phd thdng, mde dd chuyen sau ve mat li thuyet hda hoc, ki nang hda hoc, mdc dd phai trien cua nang luc cung nhu van dung vao thifc tien ciia ddi sdng Ihuc ciia HS Chuan chUdng trinh mdn Hda hpc cin tilp can xu hUdng chung cua the gidi nhUng cung can phu hOp vdi dieu kien Vict Nam Dinh hudng Ddnh gid ket qud hpc tap Hda hoc Danh gia kit qua hpc tap ciia HS day hpc Hda hoc cd vai trd ril quan Do dd can ed muc Idn; Danh gia ket qua hoe tap ciu true ciia chUdng irinh Hda hpe (trong chUdng trinh mon Hda hpc 2006, danh gia kit qua hoc tap chi la mot muc nhd eiia muc Idn Giai thich ehuOng trinh) Diinh gia kit qua hpc tap ciia HS day hoe Hda hoe phai hUdng tdi giiip dilu Cao Thi Thang chinh phuong phap day, phUdng phap hpc dam bao muc tieu phat trien nang lUc eho HS, chuan kien thiic, kl nang va nang luc Bp cong cu danh gia cin cd doi mdi de dam bao khdng chi danh gia dupe cac mdc dp nam viing kiln thdc, ki nang ma phai danh gia dupc miic dd phat trien nang lUc chung va nang luc chuyen biet cu the eac tinh huong thiic ciia ddi sdng thUc tiln Danh gia dUdc cac mdc dp cua nhan thdc: Bilt, hieu, van dung, danh gia va sang tao cua HS Ket luan Cac de xuit ve dinh hUdng phat trien chUdng trinh Hda hpc phd' thong sau 2015 da dl cap din nhiing vin de rat quan eiia npi dung, ciu triic ed ban chUdng trinh mdn hoc ndi chung dd la: muc tieu, npi dung, chuan chUdng trinh, phUdng phap day hpc, danh gia ket qua hpc tap theo dinh bUdng mdi phat trien nang life, tich hdp va phan hda tren CO sd nhiing ket qua nghien cdu chung va nghien cdu vl phat trien chUdng trinh mon Hda hpc d Viet Nam va qude te De cd dUdc Bp chUdng trinh Hoa hoc mdi dap ling yeu ciu dpi mdi can ban toan dien giao due thdng cin cd nhiing nghien cu'u day dii va cu the hdn cung nhu bad dam dieu kien can thiet vl nhan luc, vat luc va chi tai phu hdp TAI LIEU TIIAM KIIAO 111 Du thao De dn ddi mdi Gido due phu thdng sau 2015 Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, 2013 [2] Nguyen Anh Diing, 2013 Phuang dn tich hpp phdt trien chuong trinh gido dm thong Hoi thao ve Cae nhicin vu phat trien chUdng trinh, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam [31 Dao Thai Lai, 2013 Phuong dn phdn hoa phdt then chuong trinh gido due ihdng Hoi thao ve Cae nhiem vu phat trien chUOng trinh, Vien Vien Khoa hpe Giao due Viet Nam [4] Dd Tien Dat, 2013 Chuan chuong trinh Gido due phd thdng Hpi thao ve cac nhiem vu phat trien chUOng trinh, Vien KHGD Viet Nam [5] Nguyen Thi Lan PhUdng, 2013 Ddnh gid chuong Trhih Gido due phd thdng Hdi thao vl cac nhiem vu phat trien chUdng trinh Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam [6] LUdng Viet Thai, 2011 Bdo cdo tong ket De tdi Phdt then CTGDPT theo dinh lufdng phdt tricn ndng life ngudi hpe D l tai cip Bd, ma so B 2008 - 37 - 52 TD [7] DO Ngoc TbOng, 2007 Xciy dung muc tieu GDPT Viet Nam ehu nhd trudng Viet Nam giai doan 2015-2020 Bao cao long kit De tai cap Bo, ma so B2005-80-25 [8] Pham Ddc Quang, 2013 Nguyen tac, phuong phdp xdc dinh ndi dung mdn hpc/linh VUC trung chuong trinh gido due phd thdng Hoi thao khoa hoc, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam [9] Phdng Bp mdn Hda hoc, 2009 Bdu cdo ddnh gid chuong trinh vd SGK Hda hoc Phd thdng theo nghi quyet 40 cua Qude hoi Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam 40 Mdi •id y kien de xudi ve dinh hudng phdt trien chuong trinh mdn Hda hoc [10] Bp Giao due va Dao lao, 2008 Ddnh gid chuong trinh vd sdch gido khoa Hda hpc phd thong Hdi thao Quoc gia vl Danh gia chUdng trinh va sach giad khda [11] Cao Thi Thang, 2012 De xudt phuong dn tich hpp mdn llda hpc .Nhiem vu tich hdp chUdng trinh giao due thdng, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam [12] Cao Thi Thang, 2012 De xudt phuong dn xay difng mon Khoa hpe Nhiem vu tich hdp chUPng trinh giao due thong, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam [13] Cao Thi Thang, 2012 Ddnh gid chuong trinh Hda hpc phd thong Nhiem vu danh gia ehUdng trinh Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam [14] Cao Thi Thang, Nguyen Thuy Hong, 2003 Nghien cuu -Xu hudng tich hpp nipt sd man hue Khua hpc tu nhien Khoa hpe xd hdi nhd trudng phd thdng ti mut sd nude tren the gidi Bao cao dl tai cip vien C12, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam 115] Day hpc tich hop vd khu ndng dp dung vdo thue tien Viet Nam Ki ylu hdi thao khoa hpe, 2008 TrUdng Dai hpc SU pham Ha Npi, Vien Nghien cUu Su Pham [16] Cao Thi Thang, 2010 Nghien cdu, thiet ke cdu hoi vd hdi tap ddnh gid ke! qud hpc lap theo chiicin kien thdc ki ndng mdn Hda hue (chUdng trinh Giao due thdng) Tap chi Giao due, so 230, tr 41-43 ABSTRACT A new chemistry syllabus for general education in Vietnam after 2015 The article presents the reasons why a renovation of the chemistry syllabus is needed and it provides a scientific and practical base for the renovation as well as recommendations for an orientation that will lead to the development of a chemistry syllabus to be used in general education after 2015 A focus is placed on capacity development, integration, streaming, hand-on practice, teaching methodology, syllabus standards and an assessment of results ... thdng cac mon hoc Viet Nam sau 2015 [6] va mot so kit qua nghien ciiu phat trien mot s6 nang Iitc bo mdn Hda hpc - Dinh hudng phan hda chUOng trinh giao due phd thong sau 2015 [3] va dinh hudng... tai phu hdp TAI LIEU TIIAM KIIAO 111 Du thao De dn ddi mdi Gido due phu thdng sau 2015 Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, 2013 [2] Nguyen Anh Diing, 2013 Phuang dn tich hpp phdt trien chuong trinh... so B 2008 - 37 - 52 TD [7] DO Ngoc TbOng, 2007 Xciy dung muc tieu GDPT Viet Nam ehu nhd trudng Viet Nam giai doan 2015- 2020 Bao cao long kit De tai cap Bo, ma so B2005-80-25 [8] Pham Ddc Quang,