Tiếp cận những đặc điểm cơ bản của con người việt nam truyền thống

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Social Sci., 2010, Vol 55, Nd 2, pp 135-142 T I E P C A N NHU'NG D A C D I E M CO B A N C U A C O N NGUCil V I E T N A M T R U Y E N T H O N G Nguygn Ba Cudng Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Hd Npi Mcf d a u Trdng thfli dai tddn ciu bfla hien nay, ngudn luc ngufli chinh la nhdn td di mdi qudc gia khdng dinh vi thi vd sflc manh cua minh tren truflng qudc t i Do ngufli vfla la chu t h i vfla la sin phdm cua hch sfl nen d ngUdi Viet Nam hien vin tiip nhan (mflt each tQ giac hoac tQ phat) nhQng di san truyin thdng tu tudng, y thQc, tam II, dao dQc, ldi sdng cua ngudi Viet Nam trUflc day Xet trgn phuong dien If ludn vd thuc tiin thi viec lam rd nhung yiu td truyin thdng dd la nhiem vu cua cae nganh khoa hpc xa hfli - nhdn vdn nfli chung vd cua triit hpc ndi rieng Trong pham vi bdi viit nay, chung tfli tiip can nhQng ddc diim cfl ban vfli y nghia la nhflng net chung, phd biin cua ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng ngufli Viet Nam mang minh nhflng gia tri tinh t h i n trai qua lieh sfl phdt trien eua dan tflc (ddc diem tfch cQc) cin phat huy va ca nhQng mat ban chi (dae diim tieu cQc) cin khde phuc Lam ro cdc vin d i dfl se cfl y nghia nhit dinh vi mat nhan thQc va thQc tiin qua trinh xay dung ngQfli Met Nam mfli, dap Qng ygu ciu phat triin va hfli nhap qudc t i cua d i t nQfle 2.1 2.1.1 Noi d u n g nghien ciJu NhiJng dac diem tich cxic ngrfdi Viet Nam truyin thing Tinh than yeu mfdc Con ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng lufln cfl tinh thdn yeu nudc Dfl la mflt ddc diim ndi bat, "la gia tri dQng diu bang gid tri tinh t h i n cua ngufli Viet Nam" [4;15], "la mOt truyin thdng quy bau" cua dan tflc ta [6;6,171] Xet vi phuflng dien lich sQ, tinh t h i n yen nuflc la sin phim cua mflt cflng ddng ngufli, la tu tudng, tinh cim va thai dO cua ngufli ddi vfli cflng ddng Id tu tudng, tinh cdm vi ldng trung thdnh vd yeu Td quoc Xet tren phuflng dien II luan, yeu nuflc la y thQe trach nhiem vi cOng ddng, vi gidng nfli, vi dan tpc, dQpc biiu hien nhQng quan diim If luan, nhan thQc vi dQflng va bien 135 Nguyin Ba Cudng phap diu tranh giai phflng dan tflc, vi dOng Iflc va kha ndng gianh lai lanh thfl va xay dung dit nude, vi quan he gifla dan tflc vfli dan tpc, Chung tfli cho rdng, ban chat ngufli Viet Nam bpe 10 ro rang nhit, tap trung ban bit cfl chfl nao khac chinh la d tinh thin yeu nuflc Tinh thin dfl dupc due kit triet II xa hpi va nhan sinh, "chu nghia yeu nufle Viet Nam" Trai qua hpn nghin nam Bic thupc, ngufli dan Viet Nam khflng bi dflng hoa bdi dan tOc Han Khong nhflng thi, ngUdi Viet da ban dia boa nhflng tu tudng iy Tinh thin yeu nuflc lai qudt cudng bdi sflc manli cua ngufli Viet Nam khflng phan biet gia, tre, gai, trai, Lich sQ da sin sinh nhflng ngQfli vi dai ma ten tudi cua hp tieu biiu cho dan tflc Viet Nam anh nhu Ba TrUng, Ba Trieu, Ly Nam Di, Phung Hung, Ngfl Quyen, Trong mfli hanh dpng vi dan vi nuflc cua hp, tinh than yeu nuflc da quyen chat vfli ly tudng giai phflng ngufli, giii phflng dan tOc "Day la mOt truflng hpp cflng nhit nhflm Bach Viet va cung la trudng hpp hiem cfl lieh sfl thi gidi" [1;60] Sudt chiiu dai lieh sfl dit nude, ki tfl bQdc vao ki nguyen dpc lap mfli (tQ ndm 938 trd ve sau), nhan dan Viet Nam lufln phai tien hanh nhiiu euOc khang chiin toan dan cQu nQfle: chdng Tdng, chdng Mflng Nguyen, chdng Minh, chdng Thanh, chdng Phap, chdng My, Qua mdi cuOc khang chiin chdng giac ngoai xam, tinh thin yeu nuflc eua ngufli Viet Nam lai cang quat khdi, kien cudng O thi ki XX, tinh thin yeu nude Viet Nam tiip tuc dupe phat huy va nang len mflt budc phat triin mdi vi chit mang tim thdi dai, phan anh sau sde y chf quyet tam eua nhan dan ta: "Toan thi dan tpc Viet Nam quyit dem ca tinh than va luc lupng, tinh mang va cua eai di giQ vQng quyin tQ va dpc lap iy" [6;4] Tinh thin yeu nuflc cua eon ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng khflng chi thi hien su nghiep giQ nQfle, gianh dflc lap dan tOe ma efln dupc biiu hien ca chu truong chfnh tri nhan nghia xay dung triiu dai, cung cd va phat triin kinh t i xa hoi cua dit nudc: Yeu nufle phai thuc hien dupc chu truflng lam cho "van nuflc lau dai, phong tuc phdn thinh", "mUu toan nghiep ldn, tinh ki mufln ddi cho chau" (Ly Cflng Uin); phai xay dflng "mOt xa hOi hoa" di "lam cho khdp nfli thfln eung xflm vdng khflng cfl tiing hfln gian, oan siu", phai "trfl doe, trfl tham, trfl bao ngupc" (Nguyin Trai), Nhu vay, tinh thin yeu nuflc cua ngudi Viet Nam chfnh "la y thQc dan tpc, tinh thin dflc lap, y chf tu lap, tfl cudng cao ma npi dung cfl ban la coi dpc lap dan tOc, chu quyen qudc gia, toan ven lanh thd la lpi Ich tdi cao, la thieng lieng, bit kha xam pham" [1;62] Tinh thin yeu nuflc d ngudi Viet Nam hien khflng phai la mpt sfl trflu tupng trdng rflng ma ehinh la chuin muc cao nhat cua dao 11 Viet Nam, dupe biiu hien mpi gia tri, mdi banh vi, each flng xfl cua mfli ca nhan, mfli cOng ddng xa hOi Tinh than yeu nude dupc khdng dinh la phim chit dupe danh gia cao nhit, dflng diu he thdng cae phim chit dao dflc chu yiu cua ngudi Viet Nam hien [7;192-195] 136 Tiep can nhung ddc diim ca bdn cua ngUdi Viet Nam truyen thong 2.1.2 Y thiic cong dong dan toe Y thfle cflng ddng cua ngQfli Viet Nam la nhQng tQ tQdng, quan diim, each cu xQ, Qng xfl, thi hien tinh thin doan kit, thQflng yeu, trach nhiem, giup dd tQPng trp cuflc sdng cOng ddng xa hfli, cflng cuflc dung nufle vd giQ nuflc Trong y thQc cflng ddng thi hien ro mdi quan he giQa ed nhan va tap thi (gia dinh, dong hp, lang, nQfle, ) Y thQc cflng ddng thufle hinh thai y thQc xa hOi mang tinh nhan loai Ddi vfli ngQfli Viet Nam, y thQe cflng dpng cfl vitrf ddc biet quan trpng he gid tri truyin thdng, "la net ndi trfli, phd biin va dac sac cua truyin thdng Viet Nam" [1;62] Dfl Id sin phim cua qua trinh cung chung sdng, cd kit di tao ngn sQc manh dodn kit chdng ehpi vfli thien tai, danh dudi ngoai xam, bao ve vd giQ gin dflc lap chu quyin qudc gia Y thQc cflng ddng cua ngufli Viet Nam ngdy cang dupe khdng dinh la sQc manh trQflng tdn va la dflng IQC chu yiu thuc diy su phat triin cua dit nuflc Ngufli Viet Nam thudng quan niem "cay cfl cOi, nudc cfl ngudn", "chim cfl td, ngufli cfl tflng" ngn y thQc cflng ddng vi ngudn gde td tien dan tflc dupc luu truyin va gin giQ tQ dfli qua dfli khac NQfle Viet Nam cfl nhiiu dan tflc (hiiu theo nghia Id tflc ngQfli - ethnic, nhQ ngQfli Kinh, ngQfli Dao, ngQfli Tay, ngQfli Nung, 'ngQfli Chdm, ) va cung cfl nhiiu truyin thuyet ve ngudn gde td tien dan tOe minh Nhung ddi vfli toan thi dan tflc Viet Nam (hiiu theo nghia qudc gia dan tpc - nation) thi y thQc cflng ddng vi ngudn gde td tien dan tOe diu cfl diim chung, dfl Id ngudn gde: Con Lac chau Hdng (cung chung "ddng mdu Lac Hdncj') Diiu khdng dinh tinh thin cd kit tinh cdt nhue va nghia ddng bdo eua ngudi Viet Nam truyin thdng Ddi vfli ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng, y thQc cflng ddng dQflc biiu hien mdi quan he vfli lang xflm, que huong bin quan ("dit li, qug thfli") NhQng ngQfli tai dQc, hiin ban, tinh nghia duflc cflng ddng lang xa tfln trpng, quy NgUpe lai, nhQng ke gian tra, bac ac thi bi dan lang khinh bi, thdm chf khong thQa nhan la vign cua lang xa Qua each Qng xfl nhQ thi cho thiy tac dung giao due dao dQc luan II mOt each hieu qua eOng ddng lang xa Viet Nam Ngufli Viet Nam lufln thim nhuin dao If "udng nuflc nhfl ngudn", "an qui nhfl ngufli trdng cay", nen thuflng liy "nin nip gia phong" lam niem tQ hao Hiu hit ngufli Viet Nam diu tin theo tin nguflng "thfl cung Tfl tien" (ngufli Miin Nam gpi la "Dao Ong Ba") ma Hung VuPng la Qudc Tfl Cfl nhiiu hpc gii de nghi nha nuflc cflng nhan tin nguflng truyin thdng la Qudc Dao Thflng qua tfn ngUflng dan tflc ndy ma y thQc cflng ddng cua eon ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng dupe biiu hien mOt each tap trung va sau sac Ngoai ra, ngufli Viet Nam trpng ngdy gid (ngdy mit) hpn sinh Ngdy gid tudng niem ngudi da khuit dupc td chQc du la rit dfln giin nhung trang nghigm vd bao gifl cung dung dip (chi cfl thi gid truflc - gid dfln, chQ khflng bao gid gid sau mit) di nhQng ngudi sdng bay td tinh cam cua minh, 137 Nguyin Ba Cudng ddng thfli la cfl hpi, diiu kien d i gdn kit sfl ben chat cua gia dinh, hp hang, dong tOc, lang xflm, Vfli viec tri tin ngUflng dan tOc tren phuong dipn tam linh eua ngQfli Viet Nam cfl tac dung hieu q u i giao due truyin thdng ddi vfli cac t h i he sau 2.1.3 T i n h y e u thrfdng ngUdi Tinh yeu thUflng ngUfli, hay tinh t h i n nhan ai, nhan vdn la mOt nhflng gia tri truyin thdng ndi bat eua eon ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng Diiu dd dupc biiu hien d tu tudng d i cao vai tro cua eon ngudi va nhan each ngudi thQC tiin dfli sdng xa hfli Truygn thdng dan tflc Viet Nam thuflng liy "nhan tam'', "rinh ngufli" la cfl sd eua mpi mdi quan he chung sdng vfli Do quan niem coi ngufli la vdn quy gia n h i t nen ngufli Viet Nam nang diiu "nhan nghia" len chudn mUc dao dQc cao nhkt.Nhiing ngudi nhdn nghia, hiin lanh diipc xd hpi trdn trong, dUpc bdo ddp: " cfl nhan, mirfli phin chdng khdn"; " hiin thi lai gap lanh,/Nhflng ngQfli nhan dQc trfli danh p h i n eho"; "Cfl dQc, mac sQe ma an", Nhidn nghia yeu thuang ngudi khdng cd svt phdn biet: "ThQflng ngQfli nhQ t h i thQflng than"; "La lanh duin la rach"; "Vi rinh vi nghia, vi dia xfli diy"; "Trpng ngQfli, ngufli lai trpng than", Mac du Nho giao coi nhan nghia la pham tru co b i n , la p h i m chit dao dQc cao quy cua ngudi quan tfl Nhung d Nho giao, nhan nghia biiu hien tinh yen thuong ngQfli than, yen ngufli cfl phan biet than sfl, khong thfla nhan nhan nghia cfl d ngufli dan lao dflng Day chfnh la diim khac biet eua nhan nghia Nho giao vfli tinh yen thuong ngUfli Viet Nam truyen thdng O ngufli Viet Nam, nhan nghia, nhan dupc md rpng d i n tfl tinh yeu thuflng nhflng ngufli than thupc (cha mc, vp chdng, anh em, c h a u , ) din tinh yeu thupng ngufli hp tflc, ngufli "trong lang, ngoai nudc" va rpng hPn ca la yeu thupng ddng bao, nhan loai Dfl chfnh la dao li cao ca ngufli truyin thdng Met Nam Tinh yeu thUflng ngufli cua ngufli Viet Nam b i t ngudn tQ tinh yeu thUflng ngQfli than gia dinh: cha me ("cong cha nghia m e " , ) , anh chi em ("chi nga em nang", "mfli hd rdng lanh", ), vp chdng ("tinh chdng nghia vp", "mflt nen nghia vfl chdng", ), chau ("con chau thao h i i n " , ) rdi din tinh yeu thuflng ban be ("ban be la nghia tUOng than,/Khfl khdn thuan Ifli an cin cfl nhau", ), tinh thiy trfl ("cflng cha, nghia me, fln t h i y " , ) , tinh nghia ddng bao ("ngufli mpt nuflc thi thupng cung", ) Trong t i t c i cae mdi quan he ki tren, cfl sQ phan biet ve mQe dO tinh cim nhQng du mdi quan he nao, tinh yeu thuflng ngufli diu la biiu hien xuyen sudt, la tieu chi d i khdng dinh gia tri lam ngufli va lufln dupc ngufli Viet Nam nang niu tran trpng Tinh yeu thuflng ngufli cua ngQfli Viet Nam efln t h i hien ca truyen thdng khoan dung, nhan dao Ngay ca ddi vfli ke thu xam lupc, da d i u hang hoac bi b i t lam tu binh, vdn dupc khoan hdng Dao 11 nhan nghia cao ca dupc thuc hien 138 Tiep can nhung ddc diim ca bdn cua ngUdi Viet Nam truyen thong cac cuflc khang chiin chdng gidc Minh, Thanh, Phap, My, Din thfli dai nay, tinh yen thUflng ngUfli cua ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng duflc tiip tuc phat triin Hd Chi Minh la biiu tUflng vi dai n h i t cua truyin thdng yen thQflng ngufli cua dan tflc Viet Nam Cfl t h i khdng dinh ring, tinh ygu thUflng ngufli cua ngufli Viet Nam truyen thdng ehinh la ngudn mach cua chu nghia nhan dao, nhan vdn Met Nam hien dai 2.1.4 C a n cii, sang t a o , linh h o a t Con ngufli Met Nam truyin thdng cfl tfnh cin cu, linh boat thuc tiin sin xuit vd dfli sdng Diiu duflc quy dinh bdi chfnh diiu kien sinh sdng cua ngufli Viet Nam Ngay tQ buoi diu dung nuflc, ngUfli Viet Nam da y thQc dQflc vai trd va sQc manh cua lao dflng Khflng chi tin tUflng va t h i n hod sQc manh lao dflng cua ngufli: t h i n dao sflng, t h i n xay nui, t h i n lip bien, t h i n tru trfli, thin chdng thien tai, ma ngufli Viet Nam efln de cao kha ndng sang tao va trinh dO chi tae cong cu phuc vu sin xuit, chi tac vu khi, ddp luy d i giQ nQfle Mat khac, ngQfli Viet Nam truyen thdng cung d i cao sfl hai bfla va ndng lue chinh phuc thien nhign Cfl t h i ki nhQng hinh miu tieu biiu truyin thuyit nhu: Son Tinh, Thanh Giflng, Lang Ligu, Mai An Tigm, Thach Sanh, Ddi vfli ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng, su cin cu gdn liin vfli sQ thflng minh va sang tao Diiu thi hien rfl lich sfl xay dung va phat triin d i t nQfle Todn bfl dfli sdng vat chit vd dfli sdng tinh t h i n ma nhan dan tao dflng dQpc qua trinh lao dOng sin xuit diu la nhQng bdng chQng cho truyin thdng cin cu, thflng minh, sang tao cua ngufli Viet Nam Ngufli Viet Nam cfl truyin thdng sdng tao, d i thich Qng vfli hoan cinh, d i dung hflp nhflng yiu td ben ngoai (biin cai cua ngufli thdnh cua minh, "d ban thi trdn, d dng thi dai", ) Nhflng ddc diim dfl efln dQpc biiu hien treng cdc cuflc khang chiin chdng gidc ngoai xam, bio ve nen dflc lap tQ chu cua dan tflc Chinh vi thi, ngQfli Met Nam cfl mflt nin nghg thudt quan sQ dan tflc dflc dao ma khiin cho bit cQ mflt ke thu nao cung phai khiip sp vi tinh sang tao "khfl iQflng" cua nfl Ngodi ra, nghe thuat ngoai giao cua ngQfli Viet Nam lich sfl da dQflc khdng dinh la mflt "nin ngoai giao mim", ngoai giao sang tao, dOc dao dat den dinh cao cua mpi thfli dai Nhflng di sin tQ tirdng, vdn kien ngoai giao ma Nguyin Trai, Phung Khde Khoan, Lg Quy Don, NgO Thi Nham, d i lai la nhflng minh chflng xuit sde vi tinh sang tao cua ngufli Viet Nam ma khfl cfl dan tflc nao sanh duflc Khflng chi sang tao lao dOng, sfl nghiep bio ve TO qudc ma ngufli Viet Nam efln cfl sQ sang tao dflc dao sang tac nghe thuat, khoa hpc xa hfli - nhan vdn Nhiiu di sin vdn bfla (vdt t h i va phi vat thi) cua dan tflc duflc thi gifli cflng nhdn la nhflng kiet tdc vdn bfla dai dien cua nhan loai Nhiiu danh nhan vdn bfla dupc luu danh sfl sach ma nhflng di san tinh t h i n cua hp d i lai da chflng td sflc sang tao ky dieu eua ngufli Viet Nam Cfl t h i nfli, "day chinh la mflt net ndi 139 Nguyin Ba Cudng bat cua trf tue Viet Nam dupc mai sac va dat den dinh cao nhfl kinh nghiem thfle t i nhiiu dfli chien diu va chiin thing" [2;293] Ngoai efln phii ki den ldi sdng gian di, bfla hpp, phflng khoang va lang man cua ngudi Viet Nam truyin thdng NgQfli Viet Nam khflng Qa hinh thfle cau ky, li nghi phflc tap ma lufln nhay cam vfli cai mdi, di chip nhan eai mfli, dung hpp va eai tao cai mfli, thiy cai gi hpp, thuan, tien thi lam Ngufli Viet Nam cung trpng tinh hieu qua thQc ti hPn la If thuyit cao sau, thien vi dung sdn cai da cfl (tren Cfl sd cii tao nfl) ban la sang tao cai mfli hoan toan Cung chinh vi thi, Qng xfl, ngQfli Viet Nam eung dp dung chinh cai nhin thuc te, linh boat ("nhap gia tuc", "song cfl khue, ngudi cd luc", "lui mot buflc, tiin hai budc", ) Tuy nhien, boat dflng sang tao, ngudi Viet Nam thudng chu yeu quan tam din nghe thuat vdn tho ban la sang tao khoa hpc ky thuat, dfli sdng thuflng chu trpng hpn vi luan II dao dQc va ldi Qng xfl vdn hda, NhQ vay, d ngQdi Viet Nam truyin thdng, sfl cin cu, tfnh sang tao, linh boat la nhflng ddc diim co ban cfl thi dflng sau cac dae diim ve tinh thin yeu nuflc, y thfle cflng ddng, tinh yeu thUflng eon ngufli Trong mpt gidi ban nhat dinh, ehung tfli ehua cfl diiu kien di nhan dien toan bO ddc diim co ban cua ngUdi Viet Nam truyin thdng ma chi neu len nhflng net phae hpa budc diu va se tiip tuc hudng theo di tdi bdi y nghia II luan va gid tri thuc tiin cua nd 2.2 Nhiing dac diem tieu c\ic ngU5i Viet Nam truyin t h i n g can khac phuc Trong ngufli Viet Nam truyen thflng, cd nhiiu dac diem tieu cflc tan dfl cin phai khae phuc, loai bd qua trinh xay dflng eon ngufli Viet Nam mfli di dap flng ygu eau phat triin va hOi nhap qudc te eua dat nuflc ta Nhu tren da nfli, eon ngUdi Viet Nam truyin thflng mang dam y thfle eOng ddng nhung vi qua di cao eOng ddng (theo kiiu "da sd thing thiiu sd", "tam li dam dflng") nen din tdi tam II phu dinh hoac de nen ca tinh sang tao va y thfle tfl ca nhan, thieu tfln trpng sfl khac biet, Chfnh vi thi chu nghia binh quan, cue bp, be phai dupe hinh va tdn tai dai ddng Trong ngudi Viet Nam truyin thdng cd thien hUdng tinh cam chu nghia cho nen coi thuflng tu If tfnh, thiiu khach quan, dan chu va tinh thin phap luat, Trong suy nghi thudng mang ndng mau sde cam tinh danh gia ngudi: it di vao xem xet ban chit dich thuc hay kha nang thuc su va hieu qua cflng viec ma ehi xem xet dfla tren hanh vi, flng xfl, quan he va ddi sdng ea nhan cua mfli ngudi Diiu phan anh dac diim tu huflng npi cua ngufli Viet Nam truyen thdng (thuflng huflng vao va tfl ben di nhan thfle vi the gifli ben ngoai, theo each: "tfl bung ta suy bung ngufli", ) "Bdi thi nhiiu eon ngudi bi nhin nhan mOt each sai lech cfl tfnh chit chu quan, phi II trf Ngudi Viet Nam truyin thdng thudng trpng kinh nghiem nen sinh tfl tudng "sdng lau len lao lang", gia trudng, Mat khac, viec qua de cao cac gia tri 140 ( Tiep can nhung ddc diim ca bdn cua ngUdi Viet Nam truyin thing tinh t h i n va tinh cam eung khiin cho eon ngUdi Viet Nam truyen thdng thuflng xem nhe yiu td vat chit, d i n din chu quan y ehf, b i t chap quy luat khach quan Nhflng yiu td tieu cflc vi tfnh each cua ngudi Viet Nam truyin thdng efln dUflc t h i hien d tam If va ldi suy nghi tiiu nflng, ban hep vi t i m nhin - chi nghi gin ma khflng dam nghi xa, d i chip nhan va chiu dflng, coi trpng tinh nghia hpn II le, di dung hda va thda hiep, tien, n i nang, hep hdi, dd ky, Ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng thudng trpng sQ khfln kheo hon trf tue Khfln kheo thi hien tQ edch nghi "dn di truflc, Ifli nuflc di sau" din hdnh dOng "thQe dung", giQ minh, xu thfli, iQa cdi gi vQa phai, hpp vfli minh va Ifli cho minh, Con ngQfli Viet Nam truyin thdng cfl ddc tfnh cin cu, chiu khfl, hay lam hay lam nhung vin theo ldi ldm an "ndng nhdt chat bi", "kiin tha lau day td", M thi, khflng dam manh dan lam to, lam Ifln, lam mOt each tao bao Diiu cung phan anh sfl cham ddi mfli, khflng sdn sang xfla bd eai eu, bd sung cdi mfli, Tfnh thuc ti hay linh boat cua ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng cung chi pham vi khufln miu cua ehuin mQe xa hfli, dam bao sQ "cho phep" cua du luan, eua thfli quen cflng ddng chQ chQa thoat khdi sQ rang buflc truyin thdng d i t h i hien bin chit sang tao dflc dao eua cd nhan chu t h i lao dflng Nfli each khde, cin cu, thQc ti, linh boat cua eon ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng chi dap Qng nhu ciu truflc m i t , n h i t thfli ma thfli Trong ngUfli Viet Nam hien nay, nhQng ddc diim truyin thdng mang tfnh tigu cue, ban chi dQflc nhan dien trgn day vin cdn tac dflng r i t ndng ni mdi Iflp quan he, mdi diiu kien sdng va lam viec Xa hOi phdt triin mang tinh quy ludt ngn nhflng ddc diim tigu cue dd nhit thiit se bi loai bd nhung phai xac dinh ring dfl la mflt qua trinh lau dai Diiu quan trpng la thQc tiin phdt triin d i t nQfle hien nay, ein phii chu trpng giai phdng sQc sang tac, phat huy mpi tiim ndng va gia tri vdn bfla truyin thdng cua eon ngufli Viet Nam, quan tdm ddc biet din viec khde phuc nhQng dac diim tieu cQc, ban chi d i ngudn nhan IQC cua d i t nuflc thuc su phat trien khde manh toan dien theo dung nghia c i vi thi luc, tri luc vd tdm luc Kit luan Con ngufli Viet Nam truyin thdng cfl tinh t h i n yen nudc ndng nan, biit hy sinh lpi Ich va tinh mang ban than di bao ve Tfl qudc vd nin dflc lap, tQ chu cua dan tpc Tinh t h i n yeu nuflc thfli dai cang cin thiit phai dQpc phdt huy tren mpi phupng dien di cung huflng tfli mOt muc tieu cao nhit: "Dan giau, nuflc manh, xa hOi cflng bang, dan chu, vdn minh" Y thQc cOng dflng ciia eon ngQfli Viet Nam cin phii tiip tuc phat huy dUflc sQc manh dai doan kit todn dan tOc, kign quyit vUflt qua mpi khfl khdn, trd ngai vfli tinh t h i n "Tfl qudc la tren hit", "Vi thi d i t nuflc la sd M O T " d i Viet Nam thQc sQ "sanh vai cung cae euflng qudc ndm chau" Tinh t h i n nhan dao, nhdn vdn truyin thdng cin phii tiip tuc khfli dflng cho su phat triin cua gia tri tinh t h i n ngufli Viet Nam hien vfli sfl khoan dung, 141 Nguygn Ba Cudng •' v • Ir; rpng md tam Iflng, "ngufli \-fli ngufli sdng d i yeu nhau" Va d i phat huy nhflng pham chit tdt dep nhu cin cu, thuc t i , linh boat, sang tao, c i n tiip tuc xay dflng mfli truflng sdng, dieu kien lam viec va quan he xa hpi tdt dep di mfli ngufli thfle sfl thiy minh cfl ich, dupc trpng dung, dupc phdt triin h i t sflc vi tai ndng, tri tue, nhan each va ban linh cua ngUdi Viet Nam, Mat khac, qua trinh xay dflng ngufli Viet Nam mfli n h i t thiet phai khde phuc va xfla bd nhflng ddc diem mang tinh tieu cue, ban chi cua ngufli truyin thdng Chi mfli chung ta y thfle sau sic dufle ring niu khflng thay ddi, khflng chu dOng hpi nhap thi tu chung ta danh m i t CP hfli d i khdng dinh liaii linh, vi t h i va sflc manh cua minh Suy rOng ra, ddi vfli toan t h i dan tflc \'iet Nam, niu khflng biit nhan rfl ban chit eua chfnh minh de biit minh, hieu minh thi khflng thi ndm chdc phin t h i n g lpi qua trinh phat trien : ^ ! TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [1| ChuPiig trinh khoa hpc cflng nghe c i p nha nuflc KX-07 De tai KX-0702,1996 Cdc gid tri truyin thong vd ngUdi Viet Nam hien (Bdo edo ting kit) GS Phan Huy Le (Chu nhiem de tai) Ha Nfli |2| Pham Nhu Cuflng chu bien, 1978 Vi vdn di xdy dung ngudi mdi Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi, Ha Nfli [3] Nguyin Ba Cuflng, 2009 Tiip cdn triit li vi ngudi hch sU tU tudng Viet Nam Tap cbi khoa hpc, Truflng DHSP Ha NOi, sd 2, tr 42 - 50 [4] Trin Vdn Giau, 1983 Trong ddng chu luu cua vdn hoc Viet Nam: Tu tudng yeu nude Nxb Van nghe TP Hd Chi Minh [5] Pham Minh Hac chu bien, 1996 Vdn di ngudi su nghiep cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha NOi [6[ Hd Chi Minh, 1995 Todn tap, t.4, t.6 Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha NOi [7[ Nguyin Tai Thu, 1997 Anh hudng cua cdc he tu tudng vd tdn gido doi vdi ngudi Viet Nam hien na.y Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Nfli [8] Men Khoa hpc xa hOi Quan sQ Viet Nam, 2006 Chudn muc dao diic • , ; • -| ngudi Viet Nam hien Nxb Quan dfli Nhan dan Ha Npi ABSTRACT To approach t h e basic characteristics of traditional V i e t n a m e s e people This paper mentions the issues of approaching the striking and basic characteristics of the traditional Vietnamese people, giving both positive and negative sides The author considers that in order to develop the country firmly in process of development and integration, every Vietnamese needs to know how to inherit and uphold the positive features valuable in cultural traditions of this Nation, at the same time, needing to recognize completely the negative features of their own ways and to integrate actively in the international arena and contribute to enhancing the stuff, position and the power of our Nation 142 ... yiu cua ngudi Viet Nam hien [7;192-195] 136 Tiep can nhung ddc diim ca bdn cua ngUdi Viet Nam truyen thong 2.1.2 Y thiic cong dong dan toe Y thfle cflng ddng cua ngQfli Viet Nam la nhQng tQ tQdng,... Viet Nam hien khflng phai la mpt sfl trflu tupng trdng rflng ma ehinh la chuin muc cao nhat cua dao 11 Viet Nam, dupe biiu hien mpi gia tri, mdi banh vi, each flng xfl cua mfli ca nhan, mfli cOng... ngufli Viet Nam khflng phan biet gia, tre, gai, trai, Lich sQ da sin sinh nhflng ngQfli vi dai ma ten tudi cua hp tieu biiu cho dan tflc Viet Nam anh nhu Ba TrUng, Ba Trieu, Ly Nam Di, Phung