CHUYEN BIEN NGHE NGHI|P XA THQ XUAN (HUYEN DAN PHUQTVG, THANH P H HA N O I ) NHUlNG NAM DAU TH^ KY XXI VO THI HOA Qua trinh dfi thj hfia d nude la dang dien nhanh chdng, nhat Id d cdc xd ven cdc dfi thj ldn, tao cho ngudi ndng dan nhDng ung phfi vd thfch nghi dl bdo ddm cuOc sing, dd dilm mdu chit Id chuyin dii nghe nghiep Dfi cfi nhieu cfing trinh nghien cdu dc cap dfin su chuyen biln nghl nghiep d ndng thfin dudi tfic dgng eiia qud trinh thj hfia vd cfing nghiep hda Mdt sd tdc gid nhin vdn dfi td mgt vimg rgng [Dfing Kim Son, 2008; Nguyen Nggc Thanh, Nguyen Thfi Trufing (Chil bien), 2009] Mdt sd tac gid nghifin cuu vdn dfi thfing qua mgt so xa (Nguyfin Vdn Suu, 2008; Ninh Vdn Phuang, 2008; Trfin Thi Hfing Yfin, 2009) Gfin day nhfit, thdng 3/2012, Diin ddn kinh te vd tdi chinh Vi^l Phdp ldn thu Bfi Kfi hoach va Ddu lu cung Ca quan hgp tdc kj thudt quIc tl to chdc cudc hgi thdo ""Phdt triin bin vung viing ven cdc thj tgi Viet Nam" Bdi vifit ndy tim hifiu xd Thg Xudn mOt xa ngoai thdnh Hd Ngi, It bj mdt ddt nhung cung dang dien qua trinh chuyin doi nghfi nghiep khd sdi dOng Thg Xuan la xa d phia Bac huyfin Dan Phugng, Thii dfi Hd Ngi; phfa Bfic gidp sfing Hdng, ben sdng Id xfi Thgch Dd (huyfin Mfi Linh); phia Nam gidp xd Phuong Dinh; phfa Dfing gidp cdc xS Trung Chdu, Phuong Dinh; phfa Tay gidp xa Thg An (cdc xd ndy ciing thuOc huyOn Dan Phugng) Xa cfi 457.97ha ddt ty nhifin Id vimg bdi boi ven sdng Hing mdi dugc khai phd cdch dfiy khodng 200 ndm Ndm 2011, dfin so cua xd Id cfi 9.548 ngudi Dan cu trudc ddy chu ylu sing bdng nghl nfing Ddu thl ky XXI nhilu ylu to tdc dgng den sy chuyin biln nghe nghifip eiia xfi Trudc hit Id hO thong giao thdng Td nam 2001 den nfim 2011, cd dy dn xay dyng dudng giao thfing nong thdn vd dy an cai tao vd ndng cdp tinh 10 417 (dogn chgy qua xa ddi 7,36km) duac trifin khai Thang 10 ndm 2010, cdu Phiing vd dogn Quoc 10 32 Ha NOi - San Tdy qua huyOn ly Dan Phugng dugc cdi tgo xong Thdng ndm 2011 dufing N4 nfii tinh Ig 417 vdi dfi Vdn Cfic qua cdc xd Thg Xudn Thg An, Phuang Dinh len Ihj trdn Phiing (dogn qua xd ddi 4,1km) dugc khdi cdng; dy kiln ddu nfim 2013 mdi hodn thdnh song hifin dd lac dgng dfin mOl so mdt ciia xfi Thi'f hai Id ndm 2005 din ndm 2007, hai khu cdng nghifip Cau Gao vd Dan Phugng (cdch xd - 5km) ddi, cimg mdt so khu dd thj mdi dugc xdy dyng dja ban huyOn Dan Phugng vd cdc vimg Idn cfin He thong giao thdng dugc md mang, ndng cfip ldm cho Thg Xudn thodl khdi xa "viing sdu, vdng xa" cua huyOn Dan Phugng; lao thufin Igi cho giao luu hdng hda; ciing vdi cdc khu cdng nghiOp vd khu thj mdi Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc so - 2012 21 cd tdc dfing din sy chuyin dfii nghl nghiOp, md nhieu ca hgi viec ldm cho ngudi dfin xa Trudc het Id nhung chuyin dii n5ng nghifip HiOn nay, tren danh nghTa, nong ddn vIn chilm din 47,8% sl ddn todn xa; song qua dilu tra cho thdy, lao dgng thuan ndng chi cfin 465 ngudi, chuyfin sdn xufit cdc logi nfing sdn hdng hfia So dfing lao dgng cfin lgi vda ldm ndng nghiep, kit hgp cdc cdng vific phi ndng nghifip vdi lao dgng phfi thfing nhu xay dyng dgn d?p ve sinh, cim vgn, ndu dn, ddng ndi bdn hdng rong Ca cdu cdc nganh nfing nghiOp cua xd da cfi sy thay dii Ifin Td cho trfing trgt chilm ty le cao vd chi dgc canh cdy liia, dfin chan nudi da gdn ngang bfing trfing trgt (rieng ndm 2011 suy gidm vi djch bfinh hodnh hanh, xem Bdng 1) Cdc vat nudi d xa vdn la trau, bfi, Ign, ga, vjt, cd, nhung da chuyen sang nufii theo kilu cdng nghifip vd xufit hiOn hinh thdc chan nudi theo kieu trang trai (VAC) Trong nfim (2005 - 2010), xd da dugc phfi duyet 4,7ha cho cdc hg sdn xudt kinh doanh vd phdt trifin kinh t l VAC Tu nam 2007 xa xudt hien trang trgi ed sdu ciia Cdng ty TNHH thuong mgi xudt nhdp khdu Thinh Phat cd the xem Id Ion nhat miln Bdc Trang trgi cd diOn tfch rgng 3.000m vdi 20 gian chudng, hien dang nufii khoang 1.000 cd sdu Trang trgi gidi quylt viec ldm cho han 10 lao dgng cua xd vdi thu nhap lu 1,5 din trieu dfing/ngudi/thdng Lgi nhudn thu duge td trang trgi tfing nhanh Ndm 2007 Id han ly dong; 2008 Id gdn ly dfing; 2009 id ty dfing (Hftu Tudn, 2011) Ngodi trang trai cd sau, cdng ly cfin md thfim mgt xudng sdn xudt dd my nghO Id da cd sdu dl tieu thu vd ngodi nude Ngdnh trfing trot ciing chuyin doi ca cdu cdy Irong theo hudng gidm difin tich liia (nfim 2010 chi cfin 51,89ha, chilm 22,6% dfit sdn xudt ndng nghifip), lfing difin tfch cdc loai cay trdng cd gid tri kinh ll cao, nhu du du, chuli, rau, hoa cac loai, dfi du dii CO thj trudng tieu thy ldn Id nfii thdnh Ha Nfii Nh&ng vu dfiu, cfiy thufing cho nang sudt din 12 tfin/ha; tru cac khoan chi phf cay gifing, phan bfin, thufic trd sau (54 trieu dong); m6i thu dugc 66 trieu dong Dat du dii edn cho phep xen mgt vu d6 cfiy cfin nhfi va mdt vy dfing vao cufii nam (khi la du dii rung) Tuy nhien cac vy sau nfing suat giam dan va rl du dii ddng ldm hfing ddt nfin ngudi Tho Xuan luan chuyen ddt trfing mgt vu du dii, mdt vu trdng dau tuang, ngo Bdng Gia tri thu nhgp ciia san xudt ndng nghiOp xfi Thg Xudn qua mgt sd nfim (Don vj: ty dong) Nam 2005 Nam 2009 Nam 2011 chi so Gia tri T^ trpng % Gia tri Ty trpng % Gia trj Ty % 26,0 100 28,7 100 37,63 100 Trong do; - Trong trot 14,3 55,0 15,3 52,6 22,73 60,4 - Chan nu6i 11,7 45,0 13,6 47,4 14,90 39,6 Tong gia tri nong nghiep Nguon: Dang uy xa Thp Xuan (2010); UBND xaThp Xuan (2011) Vu Thj Hda 22 Vdi cfiy Idu nfim, mOt sl diOn lich dd dugc ngudi ddn chuyin sang Irlng budi Dien cam Canh Budi Diln dugc trlng cd d dai ruOng vd ddt vufin vdi long diln tfch Id 25,7ha Do chuyin dii ca cdu cdy trlng hO sl sd dyng ddi vd gid trj tren mgt ddt canh tdc khfing ngdng tdng Ifin (ndm 2009 dgt 2,9 ldn) Gifi trj trfin mOt ddt canh tdc nfim 2005 dat 56.48 irifiu d6ng, ndm 2009 dat 64.72 trieu nfim 2011 dgt 99.05 triOu; vugl chi tieu thi dua ngdnh nfing nghiOp "Cdnh dong 50 tri?u ding/ha/ndm" Trong xa dd xudt hiOn hifin lugng ihufi thfim ddt dl canh tdc, gid thue ddu nfim 2012 Id 400.000d/sdo/nfim Ciing vdi ddy mgnh nfing nghiep hdng hda Thg Xuan tfch cyc phat trien lieu thu cfing nghiep va thuong mgi djch vy Co edu kinh tl ciia xd dang chuyfin manh theo hudng tfing ty trgng ciia hai ngdnh sdn xufit ndy, giam ty trgng ndng nghifip (Bdng 2) lieu thii cdng nghiOp vd xdy dyng cd tdc dyng lo Idn viOc chuyin doi mOl s6 lugng Idn lao dOng nfing nghiOp sang cdc nghl khdc, nhu may m$c (226 ngudi), xay dyng (612 ngudi), mOc (188 ngudi) thg hdn vd thg sdt (166 ngudi), tiOn (88 ngudi), ting cOng 1276 ngudi, ldm viOc khdng chi xa md cdn d cdc khu cdng nghiOp ngo^" xd, d Hd NOi Cfing ty c6 phdn may xudt khdu VTnh Thjnh d§l ca sd tgi xa thu hut han 100 lao dOng, Xi nghiOp sdn xudt kfit bgc vdi SO lao dOng Cdc nghl ndy cho thu nhgp thdp nhdt Id triOu ding/ngudi/lhdng (nghe may), cao nhdt Id triOu ding/ngudi/thdng (nghfi mOc) Ngodi ra, xS vSn tin tgi mOl so nghl truyln thing nhu ldm bdnh (22 hO), bun (8 hO), dfiu phy (8 hO), xay sdt (18 hO), hdng md (6 hg) gid chd (5 hO) Cdc hogt dgng thuong mgi va djch vu phdt trifin, dang cd sdc thu hut nguon lao dOng cua xd thugc du Ida tuoi, trinh dg vdn hda, trinh dg chuyfin mdn Ngay lgi xd co khu phfi Mdi vfi chg Mdi dang ddn trd thdnh Tu bang tren cho thay, tieu thii cfing trung tam buon bdn cua xd vd khu vuc, vfii nghifip vd xfiy dung chiem vi trf thu yeu, 100 lieu thuong, gdn 130/170 cda hdng cua mdc dii ed xu hudng lfing nhiing xd (chilm 76,47%); gdm du cdc loai hinh ndm gdn ddy song chii ylu Id Id xdy dyng kinh doanh, djch vy, du cdc mdt hang, ed ca ca bdn (do cd du dn giao th6ng vd trudng mgt s6 logi hinh djch vy vd mdt hang mdi, mdm non vdi t6ng muc ddu tu xay dung nhu dai ly xdng, gara Id, cho thue d to du 28,56 ly dfing) Tuy tfing chgm nhung kinh tl ljch internet, nhd nghi Bdng Ca cdu kinh te xd Thg Xudn qua ndm 2009 - 2011 (Dan vj: %) Nganh 2009 2010 2011 Nong nghiep 42,8 40,18 38,0 Tieu thu cong nghiep - xay dyng 20,0 22,70 23,5 Thuang mai- dich vu 37,2 37,12 38,5 Ngudn: Dang uy xa Thp Xuan (2010); UBND x5 Thp Xuan (2011) Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc sd'2 - 2012 Co khodng 30% s l cua hdng la ly doanh, sd cdn Igi la ngudi thue mdt bfing dk kinh doanh Pho Mdi vd chg Mdi khfing chi phuc vu cho ngudi dan xd md cdn phyc vy cdc xa lan can Trong xa cfin cd mOt bO phgn thudng budn ban, kinh doanh d Hd NOi gom mgt logi Id nhiing kinh doanh chuyfin nghiep cfi ch5 ban hang cd djnh thudng sang di loi vl; m6t loai buon bdn theo thdi vu, bdn hdng rong va thufing ldm luc ndng nhan, thufing khfing cfi cho bdn cfi djnh, song thu nhgp lgi nhifiu hon thu nhgp lu nghl nfing (binh qufin td vai chuc nghin din 100.000 ding/ngdy; vao mua hoa qud dat tu 200.000 din 400.000 dong/ngay) NhOng nfim gdn ddy, mgt sl logi hinh djch vy mdi xudt hiOn, nhu "cuu van", dgn dep ve sinh, ndu dn, cdm dd, trang diem cd ddu, Idi xe Cdc hoat dgng cung phdn lam hai logi Loai chuyfin nghifip thudng gdn vdi cua hdng, cdng ty Trong nhiing ndm gan ddy, nghl Idi taxi dang dugc ua chudng, thu hiit khoang 130 nam xa d dO tufii td 18 din 35 Ddy la nghl cho thu nhdp cao, chi phf ban ddu vua phdi, lgi ddo tgo nhanh Moi khfia hgc chi phf khoang 10 trifiu dfing Sau cfi bdng Idi, hg cfi the mua xe rieng NIU khdng cfi xe, hg cfi thl thue xe vdi gid Id 500.000 - 600.000 ddng/ngay Cdc Idi xe ed thu nhdp tu din 10 trieu ddng/thang Ldi xe taxi ciia xfi thudng lam cho hang Thfing Long vd VIC (chilm 70%.) bdi hang cd mdc thufi xe va ddng 10 phf thap hon cdc hang khdc dgng nhap "cdu (111 Loai lam theo thdi vu thudng Id lao phi thdng, it dfii hfii ky thudt, thu bdp bfinh, khdng fin djnh nhu nghe vgn" (220 ngudi), dgn dep vO sinh ngudi), xe fim (174 ngudi) Nghl it 23 ngudi ldm nhdt la "fisin" (cd xa chi cd ngudi) va bdo vfi (10 ngudi) Td sy chuyin biln nghl nghiOp ciia xa Thg Xuan cd the nit mOt vdi nhdn xet sau: - Td mOt xd thuan nong, dfiu the ky XXI xa Thg Xuan da cd chuyin biln mgnh cdc nganh nghe d dja phuang Bfin cgnh nhftng nganh nghe cu, nhilu ngdnh nghl mdi xudt hien, Da sl nhQng nghe mdi Id lao dgng thong, nhung cd mgt sl nghe dfii hfii ngudi lao dOng phdi qua qua ddo tgo - Sy chuyin biln nghe nghifip ciia xfi khfing phai xudt phdt td mdt rudng dfit bugc ngudi dan phdi tim kilm nghl khdc muu sinh ma chii yfiu la co hgi viec ldm cho thu nhap cao han nghfi nong lfing len he thing dufing giao thfing dugc nang cdp, md rfing vd cac khu cfing nghiOp, khu dfi thj mdi dugc xfiy dyng - Su chuyin djch nghe nghiep ciia xa difin d tat cd cdc ngdnh kinh le, nhung mgnh nhdt la ITnh vyc thuong mai va djch vu Su phfin cfing lao dgng gan vdi su chuyfin mdn hfia giua cdc ngdnh nghl da diln budc dfiu; dang xudt hien tang lap thuong nhfin, nhiing ngudi lam djch vu; cdng nhdn vd thg chuyfin nghiep - Su chuyin djch nghfi nghiep d xa Thg Xudn da khai thdc mgi lifim nang lao dOng xa, dfi cfi tac dgng thue ddy kinh te xa hfii phat triln, dfing thdi lam tang thu nhap ciia ngudi ddn xa, gfip phan quan trgng cai thiOn ddi sdng ciia nhfin ddn, xda ddi giam ngheo Tuy nhien, su phfin hda giau ngheo cung dang gia tang, cac te nan xa hgi dang efi xu hufing phdt triln nhu cd bac, mgi dam, nghifin hiit, trgm cdp, Ida dao Xa cfi khodng han 100 nifin khfing nghe nghifip lang thang d cac bin xe buyt hoac d Ha Ngi Vu Thl Hda Tdi liOu tham khdo Ddng ay xd Thg Xufin (2010), Dgthdo Bdo cdo chinh trf Dgi hpi dgi biiu Ddng bp xd Thg Xudn (trinh tgi Dgi hpi dgi biiu Ddng bp xd Thg Xudn nhi('m ky 2010-2015), luu tgi Vdn phdng Ddng liy xfi Thg Xufin Ddng Oy xfi Thg Xudn (2011), Dif thdo Bdo cdo kit qud thytc hiCn cdc nhi^m vu cong tdc ndm 2011 vd phuang hudng nhi^m vg ndm 2012 Ninh Vfin Phuang (2008) "Sy chuyin biln kinh tl thfin Lg Cuang, xd Td Minh qud trinh dfi thj hfia thdnh phi Hdi Duong 2003 - 2007", Hgi thdo Quae ti Vi^t Nam hgc ldn thu 3: Vi?t Nam hgi nhdp vd phdt trien, Hd NOi Ddng Kim Son (2008), Nong nghiep, ndng ddn, ndng thon hdm vd mai sau, Nxb Chfnh trj qudc gia, Hd NOi Nguyen Vfin Sim (2008), "Tdc dgng cua cdng nghiOp hda vd thi hfia din sinh ke ciia ndng dfin ViOt Nam: trufing hgp mgt Idng ven dd Hd NOi", Hpi thdo Qudc te Vi^t Nam hgc ldn thd- 3: Viet Nam hgi nhgp vd phdt triin, Hd NOi Nguyln Nggc Thanh, Nguyln Thl trudng (Chii bi6n) (2009), Tdc dpng cua thf hda - cdng nghiep hda tdi phdt trien kinh ti vd biin ddi vdn hda - xd hpi d tinh VTnh Phiic, Nxb Khoa hgc xd hOi, Hd NOi HOu Tudn, Nghe nudi ca sdu a Thg Xudn, trfin trang Vietnam Vnanet.Vn/vnp/vi.vn/13/2/2/21743/d efault Aspx ngdy 20/4/201L UBND xd Thg Xudn (2011), Thong ki, kiim ke di?n tich ddt dai xd Thg Xudn, huy?n Dan Phucmg, thdnh phd Hd Npi UBND xfi Thg Xufin (2012), Du thdo Bdo cdo tinh hinh thuc hien nhiem vu kinh ti xd hgi, an ninh qudc phdng ndm 2011 vd phuong hu&ng nhiim vu 2012 !0 Trdn Thi Hong Yin (2009), "Chuyin doi nghe nghifip d mOt s6 xd ngogi thdnh Hd NOi dugc chuyen thdnh phudng" Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc So 5, tr 27-38 Ll Hdi ken r l d Idng Dudng Yfin, xa Xudn Ndi, huyfin Dfing Anh, Hd Ndi AnhiBXD