%dg, dMg phdp lugt 86 9(282)-2015 cacH^xANOiBAoDAm QUY£N TIEP CAN IHONG HN d nlT NM • PGS.TS VO CdNG GIAO & ThS NGUYiN MINH T A M * K hdi niem co che bdo ddm quyen tiep cgn tiidng tin hdm y cac van de ve ca ciu, quy trinh vd thd tuc nhdm bdo ddm thuc hifn quyen nay^ Theo cdch hidu thdng thudng hiffi nay, ca che bdo ddm quyen tiep can thdng tm d mgt qudc gia bao gdm 04 nOi dung^: (i) Cac quy dinh phdp ludt Idm co sd phap ly cho viec thyc hifn quyen tiep can thdng tin; (ii) Quy tiinh, thu tuc phdp ly gidm sdt viec thuc Men quyen tiep cgn thdng tm; (iii) Quy trinh, flid ti^c giai quyit khieu nai, td cdo nhiing vi pham lien quan den quyin tiep can thdng tin; (iv) Cac chd tdi bao ddm Giong nhu cdc vdn de phdp ly khac, frong viec bdo ddm thuc hifn quydn tiep cdn thdng tin d cac quoc gia, ben canh "ca che nhd nudc" (hay "ca che ndi tai") dupc thyc hidn bdi cac co quan nha nudc, cdn tdn tai "ca che xa bpi" dupc thuc hien bdi cac chu the phi nha nudc Thdng thudng, co chi xa hdi the hifn qua cac hoat dpng gidm sat, khieu nai, khieu kifn, td cao, de xudt vd khuyen nghi cua cdng chdng tdi cac ca quan nhd nudc cd thim quyin ve nhirng van de lien quan den vifc fliyc hifn quyen tiep can thdng tm Co che xa hdi bao dam quyen tiip can thdng tin phdp luat quic te va phdp lugt mpt s6 quoc gia I Ddn ChCi & Phdp ludt Trong phap lugt qudc te, quydn tidp can thong tin da dupc ghi nhdn ttong nhidu van kien phap ly quan ttgng Lien Hpp Qudc ban hanh, chu yiu thupc ba linh vyc: LTnh vyc quyen ngudi, linh vuc chdng tham nhung, lihh vyc bao vf moi trudng^ Cac van kien nhin chung deu dgt nghia vy vdi cac qudc gia (thanh vien) phdi cd cac bien phap thich hop va cac thd tuc cdn thiit di bao ddm quydn tiep can thdng tin, frong dd bao gim co che khieu ngi, kbidu kien, bao vf ngudi to giac, boi thudng vd khac phuc (cac thu tuc tii phap va hanh chinh) O cap dp qudc gia, Lu^t Tiip can thdng tin ciia nhiiu nudc fren thi gidi diu tham khao cdu hue cda Luat mau ve ty thdng tm td chdc ARTICLE 19 soan thdo, ttong do, cac npi dung cua CO che xa hdi bdo dam quyen tidp can thdng tin dupc thi hien nhu sau: Thu nhat, ca che khiiu ngi, khieu kien^ Ludt Tidp can thdng tin cua da sd cac qudc gia hifn diu quy dinh thuti^ckhiiu ngi dautienId khieu nai hanh chinh, cu thi la ydu ciu ca quan cdp tren cua co quan da td chdi cung cip thdng tin xem xet Iai quyet dinh Co sd di thyc hifn vifc khieu nai thudng dupc quy dinh khac ttong Lugt Tiep can flidng tm cda mdi nudc * jrz,^™ T,.A, J^-, ^^ diing phdp Ut4i 86 (282)-2015 Trong trudng hpp viec khieu nai hdnh chinh khdng dgt kit qua, budc tiip theo thudng Id gdi dan khieu ngi din mdt co quan ben ngoai he thdng chinh phu Thdng thudng la mdt Uy ban thdng tin dpc lap hoac m^t Ombudsman (dupc giao thim quyen tiep nhgn vd xd Iy nhung khieu nai vd quyen tidp can thdng tin) Uy ban thdng tin ddc lap cd the tiTic thupc Qudc bfi (nhanh ldp phdp), mdt bd cda Chinh phd hodc true thupc tinxc tiip Van phdng Thu tudng (nhanh hanh phap), hoac cung cd the la mpt CP quan ddc lap hodn todn quoc gia Thu hai, ve ca che gidm sdt Nhu da de cap, giam sat cda xa hpi vdi vifc bdo dam quydn tidp can thdng tin dupc thyc hidn chu yeu tiidng qua gidi quydt khieu nai Ngoai ra, cdng chiing ndi chung cdn cd the thyc hien vifc gidm sat thdng qua cdc boat dpng nhu td gidc, td cdo, cung cap thdng tin ve nhiing hdnh vi vi pham cua cac co quan nha nudc; hoac kien nghi tdi cdc ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen nham bao ddm thyc hifn quyen tiep cgn thdng tm De co chd ndy cd hifu Ngoai hai thidt che tten, d mpt sd qudc gia cdn qua, cdng cd nhieu qudc gia quy dinh cu thd cd Cao uy thdng tin (nhu Canada) nham thyc hifn nhung hinh thdc bdo ve ngudi cung cdp thdng tin chdc nang gidm sdt, hudng ddn thi hdnh luat va ddi hoac ngudi td cdo d frong Ludt Tidp can thdng tm cd vifc gidi quyet khieu nai mdt sd qudc gia hoac frong cdc dgo ludt khac khdc thdm chi cdn lap nhiing thidt che dac Thvr ba, che tdi vai nhimg vi phgm^ bift gidng nhu Tda an de xem xet Iai cdc quydt De cac ca che bdo dam quyen tiep can thdng tin dinh td chdi cung cip thdng tin (nhu Nhdt Ban) ndi chung, co chi xa hdi bdo dam quyen tiep cgn Thiet chi mgc du hoat ddng khdng mang tinh thdng tin ndi rieng cd hifu qua, phdp ludt tiep cdn chinh tilde nhu cac Tda an thyc sy, nhung tinh thdng tin cua cdc qudc gia deu quy dinh nhiing chi chit chuyen sdu cua nd ma thyc te cho thdy chdng tdi ddi vdi cac co quan, cdng chuc va vien chdc cd hifu qua ban cdc Tda an ttong gidi quyet khieu nha nudc cd nhimg hdnh vi vi pham quyen ndy nai vd quyin tiip can thdng tin Cdc chi tai phd biin Id chi tdi hanh chinh va hinh Cdp dp khiiu ngi cao nhat frong Ludt Tiep can tiidng tin cda hdu hit cdc qudc gia Id khdi kifn Tda dn Vdi cdc qudc gia khdng tiidnh lap cac Uy ban thdng tin, Tda an cd the xem xet mpi hd so tai lifu cd lien quan vd dua nhung phan quyit mang tmh rdng bupc Cdn d cac qudc gia co Uy ban thdng tm, thim quyin cua Tda dn thudng chi gidi ban frong vifc xem xet cdc khia canh phap ly cda vin di Diim hgn chi cda co chi la vifc kifn tyng Tda fliudng mit ifliiiu thdi gian va tdn kem Ngodi ra, thyc ti fren thi gidi cho thiy, cdc Tda dn tiliudng cd xu hudng ung hd quyet dinh khdng cdng bo thdng tm cua cdc ca quan nhd nudc, dgc bift la thdng tin cd lien quan den an nmh sy; mdt so ludt quy dinh chd tai dan sy (phgt tien) vdi mpt sd logi hanh vi, ttong bao gdm cd bdi thudng thiet hgi cho ngudi yeu cau cung cdp thdng tm Cung d ndi dung nay, de bao vd ngudi cung cdp thdng tin, phap luat tiep can thdng tin ciia nhidu qudc gia da quy dinh ve viec mien tru cdc frach nhifm hinh sy, hdnh chinh, ddn sy cho cac ca nhdn cung cap thdng tin hpp Iy va tinh vd nhiing vifc Iam sai frai cda cac cdng chuc, vidn chuc, CO quan nhd nudc Quy dinh phap lugt va thirc tr^ng van hanh ca che xa hpi bao dam quyin tiip can thong tin d Vift Nam hifn Ci Vift Nam hien chua cd lugt v i tiip can thdng Ddn chi:i & Phdp ludt I %dif dung, phdp UiM tin Du vdy, Du thdo Ludt Tiep can thdng tin dang dupc Bp Tu phdp chu tn soan tiido de chudn bi Oinh Quoc hdi tiidng qua (sau day gpi la Dy fliao - bdn Du fliao sau dupc Uy ban Phap luat cua Qudc hdi thim tta 04/8/2015) Tuy nhien, hifn nay, quyin tiip can flidng tin cua cdng chung da dupc ghi nhgn frong Hidn phap nam 2013 vd rdi rdc frong nhiiu van bdn phap lugt khac^, tap tinng chu yeu d Imh vyc: Phap ludt ve bdo chi, phap ludt vi phdng chdng tham nhung vd phdp luat ve thyc hifn dan chu co sd Cac quy dinh frong phdp ludt hidn hanh mdi chi dimg lai d mdt sd ndi dung: (i) Quy dinh ve chd tiie cd quyen yeu cdu cung cap thdng tin; (ii) Quy dinh ve chu the cd nghia vy (frach nhifm) cung cap thdng tm; (iii) Quy dinh pham vi cdc van de, Imh vyc phai cdng khai thdng tin; (iv) Quy dinh ve gidi hgn cua viec cdng khai thdng tin; (v) Quy dinh vd hinh thdc cdng khai thdng tin; (vi) Quy dinh vi trach nhidm, thdi hgn phdi trd ldi, cung cdp thdng tin cua co quan cdng quydn^ Xet chung, cac quy djnh ve CO chd xa hpi bao dam quydn tiep can thdng tin cdn tuong ddi hgn chd va thieu hifu qua, cy the nhu sau: Thu nhat, ve ca che khieu ngi, khieu kien Phdp lugt hifn chi quy dinh mpt hinh thuc dd la "khieu ngi" ma chua cd quy dinh cy the ve "khiiu kien" Cy the, quy dinh khieu nai ttong Nghi dinh sd 59/20I3/ND-CpS tai diim c khodn Dieu 6, khodn Dieu II; Phap Ifnh Thyc hifn dan chd d xd, phudng, thi frdn nam 2007 (PLDCCS) tai khoan Diiu 24 Tuy vay, flieo cac Dieu va 42 Ludt Khieu ngi nam 2011, cd nhan, td chuc van cd the thyc hien quydn khdi kidn vy dn hanh chinh tai Tda an theo quy dmh cda Lugt Td ti^g hanh chinh Dy thdo da quy dinh cy thd quyin khiiu ngi, I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt 86 (282)-2015 khdi kifn; cdc cdn cu, trinh ty, thu tyc de fliyc hifn quyin ndy d Dieu 5, Dieu 27 Theo quy dinh tgi khodn Diiu 27, vide gidi quyet khieu nai, khiiu kifn dupc thuc hidn theo quy dinh cda phap lugt ve khieu nai, khidu kien Nhu vdy, se cd hai cdp khiiu nai (khieu ngi ldn ddu vd khidu nai ldn hai) vd niu vifc giai quyet khieu nai khdng cd ket qua hodc qud thdi hgn giai quyet, ngudi khieu nai cd quyen khdi kifn Tda an theo thu tyc td tung hanh chinh (Diiu 7, Diiu 28, Diiu 33, Diiu 37, Diiu 42 Ludt Khieu nai nam 2011) Viec xet xu tai Tda an se dupc thyc hifn theo hai cdp (Dieu 19 Luat Td tyng hdnh chmh nam 2010) vd trudng hpp vda cd don khiiu nai, vua cd don khdi kifn thi vifc giai quyet vu vifc se theo sy Iua chpn cua ngudi khdi kifn (Didu 31 Lugt Td tyng hdnh cbinh nam 2010) Nhm chung, phap lugt Vift Nam quy djnh cd hinh thdc khieu ngi vd khdi kifn Id tuang thich vdi Ludt mdu vd tu thdng tin td chuc ARTICLE 19 soan thdo vd phap ludt ve tiep can thdng tin cua cdc qudc gia ttdn the gidi Nhung quy dinh vi trinh ty, thd tiic thyc hifn quyin khidu ngi va khdi kifn (nhu fren) ciing khd rd rang vd cy the Tuy nhien, CO che de thyc hifn cac quyin Id chua thiit thyc va hifu qua; vifc giai quyet khidu ngi, td cao d Vift Nam cdn nhiing tdn tgi vd bat cgp ldn ma chua cd hudng gidi quyet thich dang^ Trong linh vyc tiep can thdng tm, thyc ti cung chi mdi c6 vai trudng hpp khieu ngi ve vifc khdng cung cap thdng tin ddi vdi cdc kdt Iuan tbanb tra; cdc logi thdng tm khdc thi chua cd khieu ngi Cdn ve khdi kien, cho den chua cd khidu kien ndo ve vifc tu chdi ydu cau cung cap thdng tin"^ Thu hai, ve ca che gidm sdt Phdp lugt hien da cd nhiing quy dinh ve ca chi giam sdt cua nhan ddn thdng qua boat ddng ciia Ban tta nhdn dan Ban gidm sdt ddu tu ciia ! (^^ dumg phdp UiM 86 (282)-2015 cf ng ddng (khodn Diiu 24 PLDCCS) hogc kiin nghj thdng qua Uy ban Mgt trgn To quoc Vift Nam vd cac td chuc flianh vidn (khoan Diiu 24 PLDCCS) qudc Vift Nam va cac ti chdc vien) thyc hien quydn vd frach nhifm cua minh, nen fren thyc te CO chd giam sat cua nhdn ddn la chua thiit fliyc va hifu qud Ludt Phdng, chdng tham nhung nam 2005 tai Dieu 88 quy dinh frach nhifm cua cdng dan, Ban fra nhan dan gidm sat vifc thyc hien cdc quy djnh cua phap ludt ve phdng, chdng tham nhung (vd thyc hifn cdc ngi dung cdng khai, minh bach vd txkch nhidm cung cap thdng tin) Ngodi ra, frong Ludt ndy cdn quy dinh trdch nhifm giai trinh cua co quan nha nudc tgi Didu 32a, theo dd, quy dinh ndy dupc hieu bao hdm cd quyit dinh khdng cung cap hoac chua cung cap thdng tm cho td chdc, ca nhdn (flieo Diiu 31, Diiu 32) Thuba, ve che tdi vai nhimg viphgm Phdp ludt hifn quy dinh hinh flidc chi tdi ddi vdi nhiing vi phgm Iinh vuc tiip can thdng tm gdm ky ludt, hanh chinh va hinh sy Tuy nhien, quy dinh ve cdc che tdi ndy Igi cd xu hudng dp dyng cho "chu the cd quyen" ban Id "chd the cd nghia vy" frong vide cung cap flidng tin De bdo vf nhihig cd nhdn thyc hidn cac boat dfng giam sdt frdn, phdp ludt da cd quy djnh vd cdc hdnh vi bi nghiem cam (khoan I Diiu Lugt Khiiu ngi nam 2011; khodn Diiu PLDCCS); quy dinh frach nhifm cua co quan, td chuc, ca nhan frong vifc thyc hifn gidm sdt cua nhan ddn (khoan Diiu 25 PLDCCS) Nhu vay, co chd gidm sdt cua cdng chdng ndi chung hifn ngodi quyen khiiu nai, khdi kifn (neu fren) cdn cd the dupc thuc hifn thdng qua vifc td cao, kien nghi hoac ydu cau gidi tiinh tii phia CO quan nhd nudc cd tham quydn Pbap ludt ciing da cd cac quy dinh nham nghiem cdm nhung hanh vi gay can fro den vifc thyc bifn hoat dpng gidm sat ndy Dy thao ciing da cd quy dinh vd nhung npi dung dd (khodn Dieu 8, khoan Didu 26), nhien, cac quy dinh lai chua ro rang chua xdc dinh "frdch nhifm giam sdt xa hdi" la gi, fliyc hifn nhu the ndo, cung nhu chua cd quy dinh vi bdo vf ngudi cung cap tilidng tin (theo cdc tieu chi cua Lugt mau) Do chua cd quy dinh cu the bdo ddm cho cdng ddn, cdc t i chuc xa hpi (Mgt frdn Td Trong ITnh vyc bao chi, phdp lugt ciing quy dinh hinh thdc che tai nhu fren vdi nhiing vi phgm ve cung cap thdng tm, trd Idi frdn bdo chi (khodn Dieu 28 Ludt Bao chi - dupc sua ddi, bd sung nam 1999, Diiu Quyit dinh sd 25/2013/QD-TTgH)Ngodi ra, Nghj dinh sd 159/20I3/ND-CP'2 tai Dieu cdn quy dinh ve hinh thdc phat tiin ddi vdi mdt sd hdnh vi Trong cdc Imh vyc khdc nhu bdo hiem xa bpi, bdo vf quyen lpi ciia ngudi tieu dimg, boat dpng van hda thdng tm, linh vyc dat dai ciing da cd nhiing quy dinh ve xd phat hdnh chinh ddi vdi nhung vi phgm frong vifc tii choi cung cip thdng tin cua cdc td chdc, ca nhan (cho cdc co quan nhd nudc) Nhu vgy, phdp luat cd xu hudng quy dinh cac che tai dp dyng ddi vdi td chdc, ca nhan lgi dyng quyen yeu cdu cung cap thdng tin hoac vi pham tiich nhifm cung cap thdng tin cho ca quan nha nudc Phdp lugt chua quy dinh cu thi cdc chi tai vdi cdc chu the la ca quan nha nudc tu chdi, tii hoan vifc cung cdp thdng tui hogc khdng chu dgng cdng khai thdng tin Thyc tien hifn cung cbua cd vu vifc ndo xu ly nhung hanh vi vi pham cua chd the la cdc co quan nha nudc ttong Iinh vyc tiip can thdng tin^^ Ddn chO & Phdp ludt I Q[)Ag difng phdp Uigt Dy thdo da phdn nao khac phyc dupc sy bat cap da xdc dinh rd ban nhiing hanh vi vi pham phap ludt vd quydn tiep can thdng tin (Dieu 28) va quy dinh cac chd tdi cd the dp dyng la ky luat, hdnh chinh hogc hinh su Nhung quy dinh kha tuang thich vdi Lugt mdu va thyc tidn frdn the gidi Tuy vgy, can bd sung them cac dang hanh vi vi phgm va che tdi dan su (phgt tidn) nham bdi thudng thiet hai cho nhiing chu thd bi vi phgm quyen tiep can thdng tin'^ Qua cdc phdn tich fren cd the thdy, phap ludt Vift Nam quy dinh ve quyen tiep can thdng tin cdn hgn chd, mang tinh nguyen tdc hem Id tinh thuc tien'^ dac bift la co che bdo dam thyc hifn, frong dd cd ca che xa hpi Phap ludt cung chua quy dinh cy the nhiing hdnh vi vi phgm vd vifc cdng khai thdng tin vd cung cdp thdng tin cda cac co quan nhd nudc; chua quy dinh cdc chi tdi se dupc dp dyng ddi vdi nhung hdnh vi dd (cua cac chu thi nhd nudc) Sy thieu vdng cac quy dinh ndy se gdy nhiing khd khan frong viec bdo dam thuc hien quyen tidp can thdng tin tren thyc te Mpt si nhdn xdt, de xuat Quyen tiep can thdng tm da budc ddu dupc ghi nhgn frong phdp ludt nudc ta, nhien, cac quy dinh mdi chi bdo dam dupc mgt sd ngi dung va chi tt^ng mpt sd Iinh vyc nhit dinh Phdp ludt hifn cdn thiiu quy djnh vi quy trinh, thu tiic rd rang cho vifc yeu ciu va fliyc hifn yeu cdu cung cip tiidng tin; thieu cac quy dinh rdng bupc frdch nhiem cua cdc CO quan nhd nudc frong vifc cdng khai flidng tin; ddc bift la thieu cdc ca che va cac chi tai nhdm bdo dam quyin tiip can flidng tin dupc thyc thi ttdn thuc td** Do dd, xay dung vd ban hanh ludt v i tiip can thdng tin ttong tiidi gian tdi Id mgt vifc ldm rdt cdn thiit bdi vai ttd vd lpi ich cua nd da dupc chdng minh qua kmh nghifm vd thuc tiln I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt 86 (282)-2015 ttong phdp luat d nhieu qudc gia tren tiie gidi Mft ttong nhung npi dung ca bdn Lugt ndy can phdi cd Id cdc quy dinh ve co che bao dam quyin ti^ cgn thdng tin (bao gdm co che xa hdi) vd cdc bifn phap (hay che tdi) nham bdo ddm quyen ndy dugc thuc thi ttdn thuc td Ddi vdi CO chd gidi quydt khidu nai truyen thdng hien nay, fliyc tien tren flid gidi cho fliiy md hinh dupc ddnh gid Id it tdn kem nhung k6m hifu qud, bdi cac ca quan gidi quydt khidu ngi hdnh chinh thudng cd xu hudng dng hd cdc quyit dinh tii chdi hogc tri hoan viec cung cap thdng tin cua chinh minh hogc cda co quan cip dudi Trong trudng hpp ndy, lugt thudng mang tinb hinh fliuc, it cd gia tri thyc thi'^ Theo quan diem ciia chung tdi, ddi vdi cdc khidu nai lien quan den quydn tiep can thdng tin can phdi cd mpt ca che gidi quyit chuyen bift Co che phdi dap ung dupc cac tieu chi^^: (jj ph^j cd sy ddc Igp vdi cac chu the cd frdch nhifm cung cap thdng tm de bdo ddm sy khdch quan, tidnh dupc sy can thif p, tac dpng; (ii) Phai cd quyin bgn thich hop d i bdo dam nhung quydt dfnh hay khuydn nghi cd tam dnh hudng; (iii) Cd co ciu ggn nhe va hogt dpng cd hifu qua, bdo dam nhanh chdng vd it tdn kem Dd ddp ung cdc tieu chi ttdn, theo tdc gid, phuang an thdnh Idp mdt Uy ban tiidng tm (do Thu tudng Chinh phd thdnh lap) Id phu hpp han cd Uy ban se khdng thay thi md tin tai song song vdi CO chd gidi quyet khiiu nai hanh chinh truyen thdng, dupc coi Id mpt thiit chi ddc Idp giua co che gidi quyet khieu nai truyen tiidng vd co che khieu kifn Tda dn Ngodi ra, Uy ban ciing se ddng vai ttd Id ca quan ddu mdi dd theo ddi, gidm sat, tdng hpp qua trinh tiien khai vifc thyc thi phap ludt ve tiep can thdng tm (XfH dung phdp, UiM Mdt phuang an kha thi khdc Id thdnh lap ca quan nhan quydn qudc gia, bdi day la mpt ttong nhung cam kdt cda Viet Nam ung cd vien Hpi ddng Nhdn quyin Lidn Hpp Qudc, ddng flidi cung la khuyen nghi dupc Vift Nam chap nhdn frong Co che kiem diem dinh ky phd quat (UPR) ldn vua qua Ca quan nhan quydn qudc gia ndy cd the se dupc giao thdm quyin tidp nhdn vd gidi quyet khidu ngi ve quyen tiep can thdng tin (gidng nhu Uy ban thdng tin) Vd quy trinh gidi quyet khidu nai, neu khdng ddng y vdi quyet dinh tii chdi cung cap thdng tin hogc qua thdi hgn ma yeu cau cung cdp thdng tin chua dupc gidi quyet, ngudi khieu nai cd quydn khidu ngi den ca quan td chii cung cdp thdng tm Trudng hpp khdng ddng y vdi kit qua gidi quyet khidu nai cda co quan hodc qua thdi hgn gidi quyit khiiu ngi, ngudi khiiu nai cd quyen khieu nai Ien Uy ban tiidng tm (cip gidi quyit khiiu nai cudi cung) hogc khdi kien Tda an Trudng hpp vua cd don khiiu nai len Uy ban thdng tin, vda cd don khdi kifn din Tda dn, vifc gidi quyet se theo sy lya chpn cua ngudi cd dan trudng hpp khdng ddng y vdi kit qud giai quyet khieu ngi cua Uy ban thdng tin, ngudi khieu nai cd quyen khdi kifn Tda dn theo thu tyc td tirng hdnh chinh va viec xet xu se dupc tidn hdnh tiieo hai cip xet xu Nhu vdy, cip gidi quyet khieu nai cao nhat se la Tda dn Ca che cd uu diem Id khdch quan bdi Tda an nam ngodi hf thdng cac co quan hanh phap, nhidn, nd Iai rit tdn kem cd ve mgt tdi chinh va thdi gian, khiin khdng phdi tit cd mpi ngudi dan diu cd thi tiip cgn dupc vdi ca che Do dd, theo quan diim cua tdc gid, ca che huu hifu va cdn 86 (282)-2015 tap trung xdy dyng nhat van Id flidng qua Uy ban thdng tm ddc lap Di kem vdi co chd khieu ngi, khieu kifn ndu ttdn, phap M t can quy dinh cac chd tai xu ly ddi vdi cdc hanh vi vi pham quyen tidp can flidng tm, bao gdm: (i) Huy hoai, Idm gid, ldm sai Ifnh npi dung hd sa, tdi lidu vdi muc dich cdn ttd vifc tidp can thdng tin; (ii) Khdng cung cdp thdng tin; (iii) Cd tinh tri hoan vifc cung cap thdng tin; (iv) Ngan can viec tiep can hd sa mdt cdch frdi phdp luat; (v) Ngan cdn ca quan cdng cpng thyc hifn cac trdch nhiem vd cung cdp thdng tin Chu thd cd cdc hanh vi vi phgm neu fren se cdn cu vao tmh chdt, muc dp md cd the bi xd ly ky luat, banh chinh hogc truy cuu trdch nhiem hinh sy Ddi vdi vifc truy cdu frdch nhifm hinh su cd flid din din ddi hdi cdn bd sung frong Bp luat Hmh sy tpi danh vi "vi phgm quyin tiip can thdng tm" Ngodi ra, cung cdn xem xet ddn che tai dan su, dd Id ngudi khieu nai cd quyen yeu cdu ddi bdi thudng ndu thdng tin dupc cung cdp khdng diing flieo quy dinh cda phdp ludt (ldi cd y) hogc ydu cdu cung cap flidng tin khdng dupc dap dng frdi quy dinh cua phap lugt ma gay thift hai cho bpi^ v i CO cbi gidm sat cda xa hpi, cdn quy dinh rd hon vi trdch nhifm, quy trinh thyc hifn chuc nang "gidm sat xa hdi" cua Mat frdn Td qudc va cdc td chuc thdnh vidn (frong linh vyc tiep can thdng tin) theo Ludt Mat frdn Td qudc Vidt Nam mdi dupc ban hdnh nam 201520 ggng thai, can cd cdc quy dinh cu thi bao vf ngudi td cao - nhimg ngudi cung cip thdng tm vi phgm phap lugt ve quyen tiep can thdng tin cua cac chu tiie nhd nudc tdi cdc co quan cd tham quydn • Xem: VU Cong Giao (2011) "Ca che imo ddm quyen tiep can ihdng tin cOa cdc ca quan nha nuac d Vi$t Nam ", cuon: Khoa Lugl - Dgi hgc QuSc gia Hd Npi (2011) Ttip cgn thong tin: Phdp lugl vd ihuc tien tren ihi gidi vd a Y4i Nam Ddn chO & Phdp ludt I (XiAg difng phdp UiM S6 (282) - 2015 Nxb Bgi hgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi, Hd Noi, tr 618 Cdc ngi dung dugc rut theo hai bdo cdo: Inlemational Privacy (2006), "Khdo sdt ve Lugt TXep cgn thongtincOa cdc chinit phli Iren the gidi" vd UNESCO (2008), "Khdo sdt so sdnh phdp lugt ve tiep can ihong tin tren the gidi" Hai imo cdo CO cudn: Khoa Lugl - Dgi hpc QuSc gia Hd npi (2011), Tiep cgn thong tin: Phdp lugt vd thac tien tren the gi&i vd a Vi^i Nam, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Ngi Hd Npi tr 52 - 397 Xem: Vu Cong Giao (2010), Luat Ttep cgn thong tin: Mpt so vdn de ly lugn, phdp ly vd th^ lien tren the gidi, Tgp chi Khoa hpc Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Ngi, Lugt hpc 26, tr 180 -192 Xem bdo cdo: Intemational Privacy (2006) "Khdo sdt ve lugt tiep can thong tin cda cdc chinh phii tren the gidi", cuon: Khoa Lugl - Dai hpc Quoc gia Hd npi (2011), Tiip cgn thong tin: Phdp lugt vd thuc lien tren the gidi vd a Vi^l Nam, Nxb Bgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Npi, Hd Npi, tr 83 - 85 Xem bdo cdo International Privacy (2006), 'Khdo sdt vi lugt tiip can thong tin cua cdc chinh phd trin thi gi&i", cuon: Khoa Luat - Dai hpc Quoc gia Hd npi (2011) Ttep cgn thong tin: Phdp lugl vd thuc tiin tren the gidi vd d Vi^t Nam, Nxb Dgi hoc Quoc gia Hd Npi, Hd Npi tr 85 - 86 Trong "Phu luc sodt vdn bdn quy phgm phdp lugt hiin hdnh liin quan den tiip cgn thong tin" cia Bp Tuphdp nham xdy dttng cdc dieu lihodn cua Dif thdo Lugt Tiep cgn thdng tin (ndm 2009) da tham chieu t&i 45 van bdn lugt chuyen ngdnh; tivng Luan an Tiin si Lugt hpc cua tdc gid Thdi Thi Thuyet Dung ve "Quyen dttgc thdng tin cua cdng dan & Vi?t Nam hifn ", thuc hien tgi trudng Dgi hpc Lugt TP Ho Chi Mmh ndm 2014 Phi^ luc tit trang 164 din trang 172 da li^t ke 49 van bdn lugt, phdp linh co nhung quy dinh vi qicyen tiep cgn thong tin Xem: Tuang Duy Kien (2011), "Phdp lugt vi tiep cgn thong tin a ViitNam: Nhiing diim mgnh vd hgn che chu yiu ", cuon: Khoa Lugt - Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd npi (2011), Tiep cgn thong tin: Phdp lugt vd thifc tien tren the gidi vd a Viit Nam, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Npi Hd Npi tr 593 - 597 Ngdy 17/6/2013 quy dinh chi tiet mpt so dieu cua Lugt Phong, chong tham nhiing Xem: Nguyen Ddng Dung, Vu Cong Giao (20U), "Dif thdo Lugt Tiip cgn thong tin cua Vi?t Nam: Phdn tich so sdnh vcri Lugt Mau cda ARTICLE 19 vd lugt cua mpt so nu&c tren ihi gi&i", cuon: Khoa Luat - Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd npi (2011), Ttep can thong tin: Phdp lugt vd fhjfc tiin tren thi gi&i vd a Vt^t Nam, Nxb Bgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Npi, Hd Npi, tr 49 10 Xem: Thdi Thi Tuyet Dung (2014), Quyin dugc thong tin ciia cong ddn & Viet Nam hi$n nay, Lugn dn Tien si Lugl hpc, Bgi hpc Lugt TP Ho Chi Mmh, tr 18 11 Ngdy 04/5/2013 ban kdnh quy chi phdt ngon vd cung cdp thong tin cho bdo chi 12 Ngdy 12/11/2013 quy dinh xuphgt viphgm hdnh chinh hogt dpng bdo chi, xuat ban 13 Xem: Thdi Thi Tuyet Dung (2014), Quyen dupc thong tin cua cong dan & VietNam hi$n nay, Lugn dn Hen siLugthpc, Dai hpc Lugt TP Ho Chi Minh, tr 118 14 Xem: Nguyen Ddng Dung, Vu Cong Giao (2011), "Du thdo Lugt Tiip cgn thong tin cua Vi$t Nam: Phdn tich so sdnh v&i Lugt Mdu cua ARTICLE 19 vd lugt cua mpt so nu&c tren the gi&i", cuon: Khoa Lugt - Bgi hpc Quoc gia Hd npi (2011), Tiip can thong tin Phdp lugt vd ihtfC tiin Irin the gi&i vd & Viit Nam, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Npi, Hd Npi, Ir 649 - 650 15 Xem: Td trinh vi Du an Lugt Tiip can thong tin cUa Bo Tuphdp 16 Xem: Td trinh ve Du dn Lugt Tiip can thong tin cua Bo Tuphdp 17 Xem: Ta tiinh ve Du thdo Lugt Tiep cgn thong tin cua Bp Tuphdp 18 Xem: Dif thdo Bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc dpng cda Dif thdo Lugt Tiep cgn thong tin cua Bg Tuphdp 19 Xem: Thdi Thi Tiiyet Dung (2014), Quyin dugc thong tin cua cong ddn & Viet Nam hien nay, Lugn dn Tien si Lugt hpc Dgi hgc Lugt TP HS Chi Minh, tr 137 20 Lugt Mgt trdn To quoc Vi^t Nam ndm 2015 da bo sung rdt nhiiu quy dinh ve cd chuc ndng, quyen hgn, trdch nhiim va quy trinh nham bdo ddm Mat trgn To quoc cd thi thuc hiin dugc cdc chuc ndng cua minh, co chuc ndng ^dm sdt xa hpi, chdng hgn nhu: Quy dmh ve quyin vd trdch nhiim cua Mat trdn Td quoc (Dieu 3); quy dinh ve viic dgi diin, bdo vi quyen vd lpi ich hgp phdp chinh ddng cua nhdn ddn (Chuang Ul) cd viec phdn dnh y lain, lain nghf cuacu tiivd nhdn dan (Dieu 15), tham gia to fyng, tham gia gidi quyet khieu ngi, to cdo (Dieu 18); tham gia xdy difng Nhd nu&c (Chuong IV); hogt dpng gidm sdi (Chuong V): hogt ddng phdn biin xd hpi (Chuang VI) I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt ... gi&i vd & Viit Nam, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Npi, Hd Npi, Ir 64 9 - 65 0 15 Xem: Td trinh vi Du an Lugt Tiip can thong tin cUa Bo Tuphdp 16 Xem: Td trinh ve Du dn Lugt Tiip can thong tin cua Bo Tuphdp... phgm quyen tiep can thdng tin' ^ Qua cdc phdn tich fren cd the thdy, phap ludt Vift Nam quy dinh ve quyen tiep can thdng tin cdn hgn chd, mang tinh nguyen tdc hem Id tinh thuc tien'^ dac bift... quyin tiip can thong tin d Vift Nam hifn Ci Vift Nam hien chua cd lugt v i tiip can thdng Ddn chi:i & Phdp ludt I %dif dung, phdp UiM tin Du vdy, Du thdo Ludt Tiep can thdng tin dang dupc Bp Tu