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CHINH TRI - KINH TE HOC [ Tac dong cua nhom loi ich 6* Viet Nam hien ' L v o n g Dinh Hai Tdm tai: Nhom lgi i'ch la bp phan, nhan to c5n thiSt cOa xa hoi Khong thS xoa bo dugc cac nhom Igi ich Co nhom Igi ich tieu circ, nhimg khong phai tit ca cac nhom lgi ich la tieu cue Cac nhom Igi ich co cac dang hoat dong va cac dac trung khac nhau, co muc anh huong xa hgi khac tiiy vao dieu kien cu thl Da den luc chung ta can tao moi tnrcmg thuan Igi va thuc chat cho sir ton tai, phat trien, hoat dgng va tac dpng cua cac nhom Igi ich vol tinh each la nhimg yeu to, bg phan cau cua xa hgi dan sir mpt each eong bang, binh dang, dan chu, minh bach, cong khai Tu khda: Nhom Igi ieh; tac dpng xa hpi; van dgng hanh lang; Nha nuoc; chinh sach; kinh tk thj tnrcmg; Viet Nam Khac voi nhieu nuoc tren the gioi, ncri ma cac nhom lgi ich da hinh va dugc xem nhu mpt bg phan, phan, nhan to can thiet cua doi song xa hoi co vai tro thiic day va tri xa hoi cong dan va nen dan chu, thi a nudc ta, cac nhom lgi ich thuang duoc noi thien nhieu ve m^t tieu cue Mat toi cua cac nhom lgi ich thuc chat la nhfing tac dpng ngam ngam lan cong khai, tinh vi va rat "nSng dpng", "mem mai", bidn hoa nhanh nhay, mac dii chua dugc thira nhan chinh thong, va duong nhu dang mpt manh hon, nguy hai hon, he luy to lcm, lau dai va kho luong cho xa hoi Tren cac dien dan da co nhung y kien kich liet phan doi nhom lgi ich, cho rang xa hpi c ^ phai loai tru lgi ich nhom va nhom lgi ich Nhung, ca ve mat ly luan ^ thuc tien lich su, nhan loai chua bao gia xoa bo duac lpi ich nhom va nhom lpi ich Xoa duac nhom se lai xuat hien nhom khac Hom nhom tan ra, ngay hom sau da CO nhom khac hinh Xem xet ky thi CO the thay rSng, lgi ich nhom ching qua chi la lai ich ca nhan dugc cgng huong a thang bac cao han ma thoi Trong nhihig dieu kien xac dinh, cac lgi ich ca nhSn dugc cac chii the co cung lgi ich do, co dieu kien va phuang thiic hoat dgng, moi truong hoat dgng giong se tap hap lai tren nen tang lpi ich giong tao lgi ich nhom va nhom lgi ich cung hinh de chia se, phan cong, phoi hgp cac hoat dpng nham thoa man tot nhat, toi da nhSt, hieu qua nhdt loi ich chung Do vay chi co the xoa bo lgi ich nhom va nhom lpi ich va chi xoa bo het lgi ich ca nhan dong thai voi xoa bo mpi sir khac biet noi chung Tren day la noi ve lpi ich nhom va nhom loi ich noi chimg theo ca nghla tich cue Ian tieu cue Nhung ca truang hgp chi noi ve khia canh tieu cue cua cac nhom lpi ich nhu nuac ta hien thi ciing khong the xoa bo thuc su dugc chiing, vi don gian chiing ciing la nhiing lgi ich cua mgt nhom nguoi xac dinh Co dieu la ' ' Pho giao sir, tien sT, Vifn Nghien ciiu Con ngucri, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi VietNam DT: 0936432828 Email: tskhldh@yahoo.com Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, so 7(92) - 2015 nhiing di^u kien nhit dinh thi nhom lai ich iy se bit chip cac lgi ich khac, dat lgi ich nhom minh len tren hit va tim each thuc thi no gay hau qua xau den cac ca nhan, nhom khac va xa hpi Ngay ca khia canh do, hay la mat trai, mat t6i ciia lpi ich nhom va nhom lgi ich thi ciing da khong the khac phuc dugc, boi nhirng tien de va dieu kien cho sii t6n tai mat trai chua the xoa bo dugc hit Chiing ta co the han che, xoa bo nhom lgi ich nay, nhimg Iai phai tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho nhom hinh va hoat dgng Dieu can ban va quan trgng la han che, ngan cam, thu tieu viec dat lgi ich nhom cao hon lgi ich xa hpi, hoac lam anh huang den lgi ich cua nhfing ca nhan va tap the khac xa hgi Nhung de lam dugc vi$c thi phai luon dinh huong va quan ly dugc hoat dpng cua cac nhom lgi ich, nhat la nhftng nhom lgi ich lon va nhfing nhom lpi ich CO dupc cac tiem luc kinh te hoac chinh trj quan trpng, co tac dpng true tiep den viec ban hanh, thuc thi, dieu hanh quan ly cac chinh sach kinh te - xa hpi Cac nhom lgi ich thuc hien lgi ich cua minh tac dpng len su phat trien xa hpi luon huong toi ba phuang thiic kinh te, chinh tri, thong tin la chii yeu Nhung de thuc hien dugc cac phuong thiic thi cac nhom lpi ich nuoc ta thuang phai tien hanh cac hoat dpng khac nhSm huong din tac dpng holic kinh te hoac chinh tri Mot phucmg thiic tac dpng kinh te, chinh tri hay th6ng tin, v5n hoa, tu tuong co the se dugc nhom lgi ich trien khai bing nhi^u dang hoat dgng khac Nhung dang hoat dpng xet din cung diu nhim thuc hien lgi ich nhom, nhimg tiiy thupc vao diiu kien, moi truang, hoan canh va kha nang cii the tung thai doan ma nhom lgi ich lira chpn Viec lira chpn gop phin quyit dinh sir b^, tinh hieu qua cua nhom Cac nha nghien ciiu da khai quat cac dang ho?t dpng chii yeu ciia cac nhom lgi ich dang Thu nhdt, c6 a tat ca cac nhom lgi ich va dugc biiu hien ro giai doan dau, moi hinh nhom, tren co so loi ich nhom la cac hoat dpng nhim v$n dgng, to chiic de lien kit cac ca nhan, tap the co cimg lgi ich tuang ddng, co y muon thuc hien cac lgi ich iy o cung thai difim Hoat dpng nhim muc tieu true tiep la ket noi cac ca nhan, tap thi, tao nfin su hieu biet lin nhau, tim kiim phucmg tien, phuang thiic va bien phap eho nhom, tan dung cac nguon luc cua nhom va moi truang cho cac hoat dpng tap thi cua nhom DSy la dang hoat dgng dau - ti§n, tao ca sa cho su dai cua nhom lgi ich, CO vai tro rit quan trpng, bai du co lgi ich tuang d6ng nhau, giong va cung CO y dinh thuc hien lpi ich d6 nhu la trung tam, uu tien hang dau, bat chap cac loi ich khac di nfia, thi neu khong co loai hoat dpng khong the c6 nhom lgi ich Bang hoat d6ng nhom khong chi hinh co to chiie ma eo the kiem tim duac nhiing ca nhan - thu linh, cac phuang tien, phuong thiic hoat dpng phu hgp va hieu qua Thit hai, tao lap du luan va hgp thiic hoa sir ton tai va cae ho^t dpng ciia nhom doi song xa h6i Nhom se tim kiim va dua nhihig dai dien co uy tin, co tich hogt dpng tot, dai bieu cho loi ich cua nhom de tham gia c^c hoat dpng lien quan den viec cung cfi va thuc thi cac lpi ich cua nhom Thong qua eac dai biiu tham du bau cir nhim khing dinh tinh hgp phap, hgp thiic, hpp ly va thiic diy thuc hi$n Ipi ich nhom phu hgp voi lgi ich cua cac ca nhan, nhom khae va ciia xa hpi Ke ck cac nhom tieu cue thi hoat dpng vln dien ra, nhung co Tdc ddng eua nhdm lgi ich diem khac la hp se dong thoi tim each nguy trang, che dau tinh vi lgi ich vi ky ciia nhom de dl thuc hien chung cac buac tiep theo Thong thuong cac nhom lpi ich va cac dai dien ciia hp thuang dua vao nhfing cho yeu va thieu minh bach hoach dinh, thuc thi, dieu hanh, quan ly cac chinh sach de thuc hien cac lgi ich vi ky cua minh Hp cimg thuang tranh thu t6i da su tha a hay it chii y quan tam cua cpng dong tai viec hoach dinh, thuc thi, diiu hanh, quan ly cac chinh sach de tiin Imnh tac dpng toi bp may nha nuoc nhim dat dugc lpi ich cua nhom minh Thd ba, thucmg dien manh me va soi dpng a cac nuoc phat trien la to chiic canh tranh bau cir voi cac nhom khac de dua dai bieu cua nhom minh vao cac vi tri quan trpng bp may cong quyen va cong tac xa hpi Cac nhom lgi ich thuong can thiep tai bau Cli va eac ket qua bau cii bang each ho trg cac dai bieu ma hp se giiip da cho boat dpng va lgi ich cua nhom sau die cir Cac nhom thucmg khong cong khai thua nhan cac iing vien 1^ vien cua nhom hg Cac img vien tham gia tranh cu lai thucmg tim kiem su ho trg tai chinh va cac phucmg dien khac tir cac nhom lm ich de tuyen truyen, iing hp va giiip hp cac boat dpng iing cii, bau cu Thd tu diiu hanh cac to chiic, bg may, ph6i hgp hoat dpng cua cac ca nhan ciia nhom quan he vai cac nhom khac, voi cac ca quan cong quyen, cac to chiic xa hpi ciia chinh phil va ca phi chinh phii Muc dich cu the ciia dang boat dpng la tac dpng tai qua trinh hoach dinh, quan ly, dieu hanh viec thuc thi cac ehinh sach cong cu thi di dap ling tdt nhat lgi ich cua nhom Ben c^nh do, boat ddng ciia nhom lgi ich thucmg tdp trung n5 luc bang cac phuang each khac tac dgng vao cac bp phan, cac phan b6 may cong quyen cac cap nham Iam cho qua trinh ban hanh, thuc thi cac chinh sach c6ng co Ipi nhat cho hp Dang hoat dpng thucmg keo dai, ton tai song hanh voi nhom lgi ich suot qua trinh ton tai cua no Thir ndm, lien kit cac cap chinh quyen, cac bg phaai tiong bp may nha nuoc, cac to chirc xa hpi he thong chinh tri de dieu hoa cac quan diem khac nhau, de ket noi cac cap chinb quyen, cac he thong th6ng tin (ca truyin thdng dai chiing) tii chuyen tai nguyen vpng ciia nhom, luan chiing su "hgp ly", vai tio "tnmg tam" cua cac nguyen vpng va lgi ich quan he vai cac nhom khac tiong xa hpi Neu cac lgi ich nhom va nhom lgi ich cac nuac tren the gidi eo tinh canh tranh, tham chi la doi khang, de dat toi tiang thai binh thuang la can bing va che uac lan thi a nuoc ta, Nha nuac khong cho phep va khong co co so xa hgi cho sir doi khang; tinh chat canh tranh, che uoc va can bang tiiy thai diem, ITnh virc va dieu kien cu th6 co the luc manh, Iiic yeu khac nhung luon ton tai quan he gifia cac nhom lgi ich khac va voi xa hgi Day la mpt dac tnmg quan trgng va xa hpi can CO ca che tu dieu chinh de su canh tianh khong phat trien doi khang, nhung Iai dam bao tinh dSn chu va cong bang de cho cac nhom lgi ich co the t\r che uac lin nhau, giu dupc tr^g thai can bing cho xa hgi Theo chiing toi, dac trung nen dugc xem nhu la mpt tiong nhfing tieu chi quan tipng de danh gia miic dp hoat dpng va su hieu qua ciia the che tung giai doan phat trien cua dat nuoc tren phuong dien nhom Igi ich va lgi ich nhom Trong dieu kien nuac ta hien nay, qua Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Vi^t Nam, sd 7(92) - 2015 trinh chuyin d6i sang kinh ti thi trucmg chua hoan thanh, thi che nhiiu van de bit cap, cac lgi ich nhom va nhom lgi ich chua dugc thfia nhan chinh thiic, chua tro chinh thdng, vln "manh nguai ay gianh", tinh chit dan chii va cdng bing tiong quan he gifia cac nhom chua that dam bao nen nhieu trucmg hgp mgt sd nhom loi ich da tid nhdm "dpc quyin", vay tinh che uoc va can bang bi anh huang Mdt so nhom, tiong nhung dieu kien cu thi, "ddc quyen" nen cd co hpi tdt ban cae nhdm khac tiong tac ddng chinh sach, tac ddng vao dieu hanh, quan ly cac qua trinh xa hdi, thu lgi bat chinh hoac bit hgp ly, hoac ca bat chinh lin bat hgp ly Trong cac nhdm lgi ich khac lai red vao diiu kien bat lgi, khdng the can bang, che uoc dupc cac nhdm ddi tac Dac tnmg thii hai la, cac lgi ich nhom va cac nhom lgi ich hgp phap d nudc ta hiSn da sd trudng hgp doi cac co quan Nha nudc true tiep xay dung, ho^c theo yeu cau cua cac ca quan Do vay, chiing thudng mang dau an hanh chinh, cdng quyfin, chinh tri Dd deu la nhihig nhdm lgi ich co tinh chinh thdng va hpp phap Ngay ca cac lpi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich dudi hinh thai cac td chiic nghfi nghiep nhung cung mang nang tinh chit hanh chinh, chinh tri, cdng quyen Do v^y, tinh thuan nhat boat ddng cua cac nhdm lgi ich va lgi ich nhdm khdng cdn nfta Trong nhieu trudng hgp chiing mit tinh ddc lap, cdng bang, trd cdng c\i hanh chinh cua nha nudc Trong do, nhihig nhdm khac, thudng cd la khdng eliinh thdng, khdng hop phap, hoac nhom tieu cue, lai "ddc lap", chu ddng tac ddng chinh sach va difiu hanh, quan ly, "dieu khifin" ca nhung bp phan nhat dinh cua bp may cong quyen Tinh chit bat binh ding, thieu cdng bang nhu vay lam cho tinh chi udc, can bang khdng dupc dam bao Do la mdt nhfing net thuc ttang hoat ddng cua cac nhom Igi ich d nudc ta hifin co anh hudng ldn den ddi sdng xa hdi Dac trung thir ba, eua cac nhdm lpi ich d nudc ta, du chiing chinh thdng, chinh thiic hay chua, la lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich co hinh thai rit da dang, phong phii, nhung khdng ddng diu, nhieu nhom lgi ich rat yeu thi, khdng cd tieng ndi, dii la nhdm chinh thiic, ttong cd nhieu nhdm khdng chinh thuc lai rit "manh" ca vfi tae ddng chinh sach lan tiim luc kinh tfi va chinb tri, thdng tin va vi thi Diiu ciing thfi hipn muc dan chil va cdng bang quan he giiia cac nhdm dang cd nhifiu van de Nguy hiem hon la, mdt sd nhdm dai dien cho lgi ich tap the, lgi ich xa hgi d tiong thi yfiu, vi thi nfin Ipi ich tap thi bi thifit thoi, xa hdi phai chiu nhiing he luy khdng ludng hfit, nhan dan mat tin tudng vao bd may Nha nudc Dac trung thii tu la, lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich mang tinh chat qua dp, chuyen ddi tfi ho?tt ddng mang nang tinh chat hanh chinh, chinh tri sang tinh chat thi trudng, kinh tfi dang dugc bieu hien ro net Do vay, tinh chat canh tianh mdt manh Mot sd loai hinh nhdm lgi ich mdi ddi, tir dau da mang tinh chit kinh ti thi trudng nfin tinh chat canh tianh da khdc liet Nhung nhdm ddi tir lau, cliinh thdng, chinh thfic dang cd qua trinh chuyfin ddi khdng ddng diu Tham chi mdt sd nhdm chi tdn tai vi hinh thiic nhung vi hoat dgng rit yfiu dt, gin nhu khdng tdn tai Mot sd khac chuyen ddi rat nhanh, kip thai thich iing vdi nhihig difiu kifin mdi, hoat ddng cd hieu qua ddi vdi khdng chi lpi ich nhdm ma vdi ca lgi ich ddi tac va xa hdi Sy phan hda cua Tdc ddng ctia nhom lgi ich cac nhdm lgi ich dang diln cang nhanh, manh va quyit liet NhGng nhdm chuyfin ddi cham se phai tu tan ra, nhfing nhom mdi phu hgp va thich iing vdi cac dieu kifin mdi se xuit hien Ndi chung cac nhom lgi ich ludn chiu su tac dpng thudng xuyfin cua eac difiu kien kinh tfi, chinh tri, van hda, xa hdi, nhan Iuc khac Cae difiu kifin ay khdng chi anh hudng din su ddi, phat trien va "sue manh" tac ddng ciia cac nhdm lgi ich, ma cdn ddng vai tro to ldn, tham chi quyet dinh den sir tdn tai, sy khac bifit, siic manh cua cac nhdm Igi ich d nudc ta Trong giai doan tdi kinh tfi thi trudng cd nhung bien ddi ldn vdi vific tai ca cau nfin kinh tfi va ddi mdi chinh tri manh me thi su chuyen ddi va phan hda cac nhdm lgi ich va lgi ich nhdm d nudc ta cang dfi dpi han Dac tnmg thu nam la, cac nhdm khong chinh thuc, chua chinh thdng, thdm chi bat hgp phap chua dugc "khdng chfi", chua cd ca chi kiim soat, chua dam bao dugc su cung tdn tai, canh tranh vdi cac nbdm khac mpt each cdng bing, binh dang; difiu dd khiin cho xa hgi va nhieu nhdm lgi ich khac roi vao thi bit lpi, hi thifit hgi nang ne Trong thyc tfi, nhifiu nhdm lpi ich bat hgp phap lai niip bdng ca quan cdng quyen, nup bdng phap luat, hoac mugn danh cac td chiic Nha nudc, cac td chfic va nhdm hgp phap khac dfi an nap, giau minh, ngam ngim thyc hifin Igi ich rifing, gay tdn that ldn cho xa hpi, frd Iuc Iupng pha hoai ghe gdm, gay hau qua khd khac phye Theo chiing tdi, day la mdt trifiu chimg bit binh thudng tiong giai doan hien d nudc ta Nhipm vy cua ddi mdi chinh tri, tai ca ciu kinh tfi la phai giai quyet van de Nfiu ddi mdi, tai ca cau kinh tfi ma khdng luu y din dac trung tiong quan hf lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich thi cd thfi din dfin nhfing va, xung ddt xa hdi Chinh frong qua trinh ddi mdi tifip theo nhung lgi ich can ban cua cac nhdm da dupc hinh va ciing cd ddi sdng kinh tfi va xa hpi nhifiu nam qua se bi ddng chgm, tham chi dung cham den tang sau ciia cac quan hfi lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich Do vay, viec ddi mdi chinh tri, tdi ca ciu kinh tfi se khdng he gian dan, nhe nhang va ddng thugn nhu d giai doan 30 nam viia qua Day la difim can het sue luu y frong qua trinh hogch dinh, difiu hanh, quan ly cac chinh sach phat trifin kinh tfi, xa hdi cua chang dudng tiep theo Van de quan tigng va cd y nghia bgi cua ddi mdi tiong giai doan tiep theo la tao lap dugc mdi trudng va thfi chfi, hanh lang phap ly va he gia tri dfi khic phuc va ngan ehan hieu qua tinh tiang cac nhdm Igi ich va lgi ich nhdm lin at Igi ich qudc gia, dan tdc, thiic day sy phat trien tien nen tang xS hpi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh Trong mgi tnrdng hgp Ipi ich qudc gia, dan tdc phai dugc tdn ttpng, dugc dat d vi tri cao nhit, uu tien nhit so vdi lgi ich nhdm Nguyfin tac dd la bat di, bat dichtiongtifin trinh xu ly lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich Nham dat dugc lgi ich nhdm tdi da, dfi cd the tac ddng manh dfin cac chinh sach cua Nha nudc, dfin qua ttinh difiu hanh, quan ly xa hpi cua Chinh phu, cac nhdm igi ich thudng sfi dyng nhifiu each thfic khac Ching han, dd la van dpng hanh lang, thinh cau, kien nghi, tuyen truyen, vgn ddng, bieu tinh, eii dai dien tham gia cac qua trinh lifin quan, thuc hifin cac hoat ddng (ca hgp phap lan bat hgp phap) Tuy theo dieu kifin cy thfi, cac nhdm lya chgn cac each thiic hogt dpng khac nham mang lai hifiu qua tdt nhit cho viec dap iing lgi ich nhdm Tgp chi Khoa hoc xa hdi VietNam sd 7(92) - 2015 Tuy nhien, d nudc ta cac hinh thiic hoat ddng dd chua dugc thua nhan day du tiong cac van ban phap luat, hogc van ban phap quy, nhifiu trudng hgp khdng dugc thfia nhan frong quan ly, difiu hanh hang Chang han, bifiu tinh ciia cac nhdm lpi ich, ki ca la cac nhdm chinh thiic, hgp thfic, hgp phap, thuc tfi la chua dugc cdng nhgn, du Hien phap cd ghi nhan Van ddng hanh lang trfin van ban giay td khdng dugc cdng nhan, khdng chi dugc nhdm nao da tien hanh, nhung ttong thyc tfi Iai tdn tgi phi chinh thfic mdt each kha phd bien d khap nai, du muc la khac CJ nhifiu nudc, day la mdt ttong nhfing hinh thuc hoat ddng chinh thiic, chu dao vdi nhiem vu la tae ddng tdi da, hieu qua cue dai len toan bd qua trinh hogch dinh, difiu hanh, quan ly cac chinh sach kinh tfi, xa hpi cua cac nhdm lpi ich Nhifiu nhdm lgi ich d Viet Nam hien cd sfi dung hinh thuc phi chinh thiic, nhung xa hpi va ban than cac cdng chuc, vien chiic bp may nha nudc lai cdn hieu bifit rat han chi vfi van dgng hanh lang "Van dpng hanh lang" dugc hiiu la nhfing hogt ddng ciia nhdm Igi ich nhim tiep can, thuyet phuc, thinh ciu, kiin nghi, thao luan vdi myc dich gay anh hudng tdi cac cdng chiic, vifin chuc, cac vifin frong bp may Nha nudc, tu lgp phap, hanh phap dfin tu phap, de tac ddng tdi viec cac quyet dinh chinh sach, difiu hanh, quan ly cua Nha nudc Nhd dd nham nhan dugc su ling hg hoac phan ddi, tSy chay chinh sach, chuang trinh, du luat, bd nhiem hoac mdt van dfi nao dd vi lgi ich ciia nhdm minh, hoac ciia cdng ddng, hay cua cac nhdm khac hoac ciia ca nhan Thyc chat cua van ddng hanh lang la tac ddng tdi Nha nudc, tdi nhung thfi che hifin hanh va sip cd cua Nha nudc, dua lgi ieh cua nhdm tiin hanh van dpng hanh lang vao cac chuang trinh, chinh sach, boat ddng diiu hanh, quan ly cua Nha nudc, nhim thu lpi cho nhdm Van dpng hanh lang, theo nghTa dd, khdng chi nhu la mdt dgng hoat dpng chinh tii phd quat, ma cdn la mdt frong nhiing phuang thuc dat tdi myc tieu va tdi da hda Ipi ich nhdm cua cac nhdm lgi ich Van ddng hanh lang la hoat ddng phi bien, binh thudng va can thifit tiong chinh tardng d nhieu nudc frfin the gidi Nhung nhu da ndi, d nudc ta chua dugc thfia nhgn chinh thiic, chua tid chinh thdng Nhan thfic ciia cac tang Idp xa hpi, cua cac nhdm lgi ich cung rat khac nhau, vSy, nfiu van ddng hanh lang dugc su dyng d chd hay cho khac thi ciing rat khac nhau, va thudng ia sfi dung bat hgp phap, phi chinh thfic Nhifiu ngudi vin quan m?m rang van dgng hanh lang la mpt cai gi hoan toan tifiu cyc, xiu xa frong hoat dpng bau cu, van dpng tuyfin truyfin dfi thu phieu, tham chi cd ngudi cdn xem la vific lam ban thiu C) nhieu nudc, xa hdi thua nhan vki dpng hanh lang thi xa hdi xem vific cdc nhdm lgi ich tifin hanh van ddng hanh lang chinh quyin cho nhfing Igi ich cua, hp theo quy dinh cua lugt phap lgi la bifiu hifin cua nen dan chu, ty va cong bing Qua cac cugc tianh luan, biiu thi y chi, nguyfn vgng, tu tudng, qua canh tranh gifia cac nhdm loi ieh cac thfi cbi dan chu, ty do, binh ding sfi diiu chinh, hoan thien, thich img dfi phat trifin mdt nghia nhit dinh, nhd dd ma thfi chfi va nha nudc su dyng sy canh tranh, cac hinh thuc biiu dat dd di tri su dn dinh cho chi do, cho nin dan chii va su vihig vang cua Nha nudc Vi thyc chat nguyfin tic da sd va quyfin thiiu sd cua Tdc ddng ciia nhdm lgi ich xa hdi la nguyen tic dam bao cho cac cdng dan va cac nhdm lgi ich ty the hifin mong mudn, nguyfin vpng cua minh trudc Nha nudc, trudc cac nhdm lgi ich khac, dam bao cho vific hogch dinh, thyc thi, quan ly eac chinh sach cu the the hien dugc nguyfin vpng cua mpi ngudi, mgi nhdm khac nhau, mgi tang ldp xa hdi Tuy nhien, d nudc ta hien nay, khdng phai tat ca ma chi mdt sd it nhdm Ipi ich cd the gay anh hudng mgnh tdi cac eg quan Nha nudc khdng chi bang hoat dpng van dpng hanh lang ma bing ca cac boat ddng khac xung quanh viec hogch dinh, thyc thi, quan Iy, dieu hanh cac chinh sach vi kinh te, chinh tri, van hda, xa hpi Tinh chat dan xen, ldng ghep cac hoat ddng nhu vay cua cac nhdm tieu cyc khifin cho dinh kifin, ac cam vdi boat dgng van dgng hanh lang them gia tang Thyc tfi thi nhieu cac nhdm Ipi ich, nhat la cac nhdm nghfi nghifip, cac doan thfi xa hdi tien hanh cac hogt dpng cd ndi dung va hinh thfic ma cac nudc khac tien thfi gidi gpi la van dpng hanh lang thi d nudc ta hp lgi khdng thich va khdng thfi gpi la van ddng hanh lang dugc vi nd chua dugc thua nhan chinh thfic, chua chinh thdng Trong dd, mpt sd nhdm khac, cd thi ca chinh thiic lan khdng chinh thuc, lai su dyng ma khdng can biet tfin gpi la gi bdi tinh hifiu qua ciia nd Nhin chung hien nay, cac nhdm Ipi ich thudng khdng cd dpi ngii hogt dpng chuyen nghifip, khdng dugc chinh thiic thfia nhan cac dang hoat ddng nfin ttong thyc tfi cac hoat dpng thudng khdng de dang, khdng dugc luat dinh chat che, deu khap va cdng bing, binh dang The chfi xa hdi ndi chung, nhan thiic vfi Igi ich nhdm, nhdm lgi ich va vi hoat ddng cua cac nhdm lgi ich chua hinh tdng thfi va ddng bd dang can tid hogt ddng cua cac nhdm lpi ich tich cue, mat khac Iai dang hgn che vific ngan chgn hogt ddng cua cac nhdm lpi ich tifiu cyc Cac Igi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich dang cd nhung bifiu hifin "manh ngudi boat ddng" Hien tugng dang manh dan lfin, dang tac ddng dfin Nha nudc va cac chinh sacb, den viec difiu hanh, quan Iy cua Nha nudc vdi nhfing he luy tifiu cue khd ludng Do vay viee ddi mdi, hoan thien thfi chfi tid nfin cap thifit ttong giai doan hipn Mdt sd nhdm lgi ich cy thfi dang bi nghi la chi phdi ddi sdng kinh te nudc ta; dd la nhdm lgi ich ngan hang, nhdm lgi ich bat ddng san, nhdm lgi ich khoang san, Hp sfi dung cac phuang each chinh dang, hgp phap lan eac phuang each bat chinh, phi phap, ban thiu Dieu dd khien nhdm lgi ich va lgi ich nhdm bi phfi phan kich liet, tham chi cd ca y kifin cho rang cSn Ioai trunhdm Igi ich va lgi ich nhdm khdi ddi sdng xa bpi, nhit la cac vu dai an dupc dua xet yiix cdng khai Tbeo Phd giao su,tiensT Nguyfin van Manh, cac lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich duoc xem la tieu cyc d nudc ta hien nay, thudngtifinhanh cac hoat ddng dfi dat tdi lgi ich nhdm bang nam each sau: Thir nhdt Id, tgo cac quan he tdt vdi cap trfin, vdi ca quan cd tham quyfin, can thiet thgm chi cdn hdi Id de cd the xin duge kinh phi, de tai, dy an cbo nhdm hay tap doan minh (tiong cac difiu kifin can thifit, chua thuc su dap fing nhu cau cua dfi tai, du an); Thu hai Id, tgo dyng cac quan he, mdc ndi vdi cac ca nhan cd chuc quyen tiong dpi ngu lanh dao cap cao dfi dugc bd tri vao cac chuc vu mong mudn hoac yfiu cau cho lam vific cho nhfing ngudi than ttong gia dinh ttong nang luc, trinh dp, phim chit khdng thda man dugc yfiu ciu va quy dinh chung vi cdng viec dd Thd ba Id, Tgp chi Khoa hoc xdhgi VietNam, so 7(92) - 2015 tao quan he vdi cac ca quan, ngudi cd tham quyin quyet dinh, hinh nhdm lgi ich rifing dfi xay dung cac cdng trinh, du an hoac gianh dupc cac dy an ttong chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi dugc uu dai nham muc dich kiem lgi, hudng khoan chi fra hoa hdng; Thu tu Id, cac doanh nghifip frd "san sau", "mgnh thudng quan", "than hfiu", trung vdi nhung ngudi cd chuc, cd quyen, hinh be phai dfi cimg chia se lgi ich, bao vfi cho Doanh nghifip "cham lo" cho nha cam quyfin, ngugc lai ngudi cam quyen cung uu han cho cac doanh nghifip "rudt" frong nhung dy an ttpng difim Quan chuc "dan xfip" de doanh nghifip dugc uu dai, ngupc lai, doanh nghiep hoac la "ddng gdp" vao su phat trien cua dia phucmg dfi lam ndi bat tich cua quan chuc, hoac la cung cap cho ban than quan chfic cac phuang tien d i dat tdi nhfing bgc thang cao ban frong chinh tri; Thu ndm Id, mpt bd phgn dang vifin, can bp, cdng chfic thoai hda, bien chat frong cac co quan cd chuc nang fra, kifim tra ciing lifin ket va vi lgi ich cua minh de bao che cho nhung sai lam cua cac vifin frong nhdm lpi ich"\ Nhiing hoat ddng nhu vgy dudng nhu cang cang phd biin frong xa hdi, lam thifit hai tram trpng cho lpi ich chung ciia su phat triin Uy ban Kifim fra Trung ucmg Dang qua nghifin cim va tdng kit thyc tifin da nhan xet xac dang rang: hifin tugng giau len rat nhanh, cd nhifiu nha dit va cd khdi lugng ldn v i tai san, tiin bac ciia mdt sd can bp cd chuc, cd quyfin mdt sd ca quan Nha nudc, ca quan Dang cang lam cho can bd, dang vifin va nhan dan khdng khdi nghi ngai la cd vific lara an, cd lpi ich ca nhan, lpi ich nhdm Bao eao cua Uy ban Kifim fra Dang dua ti^n khao sat nam 2012 10 Thanh tta Chinh phu va Ngan hang Thfi gidi cung thyc hien, khing dinh ed dfin 40% s6 doanh nghiep dugc hdi thfia nhan cd su dyng quan he vox quan chiic d i vu lpi, 43% khdng cd y kifin Hon 19% doanh nghifip dugc hdi thfia nhan su dung hdi Id de dgt dupc muc dich Nhieu quan chfie cd y gay phifin cho doanh nghifip dfi ddi tiin hdi Id 5% sd doanh nghifip cho biet hp nhgn dugc dfi nghi ban, cho thufi tai san gia re, 5% nhan dugc de nghi tai trg tham quan, chi tifiu ca nhan, 8% nhan dugc de nghi tuyen dung hp hang cua cdng chfic, 15% nhan dugc dfi nghi tang qua Cdc ddi tugng ma cac doanh nghiep hudng tdi thudng la cac vifin chinh quyfin, cac uy ban nhan dan, cac can bd quan ly nganh'^^ Nhu vay, khdng the ndi d nudc ta cac nhdm lpi ich va Igi ich nhdm, du theo nghia tifiu cyc, la khong tdn tai, khdng hoat ddng, ma ttai lai mdt sd ITnh vyc (nhu ngan hang, tai chinh, dau khi, xay dung, bat dpng san, khoang san ) chiing dang boat ddng manh so vdi cac thdi ky trudc ddy Tinh trang cau ket giua can bd, cdng chfie, chinh quyen vdi cac doanh nhan, doanh nghiep mdt ro net tao lien minh lgi ich hay nhdm lgi ich rit chat che, dang %iy nhiiu hau qua buc xuc xa hdi Cac thu that, hinh thuc, each thuc "lien minh", "lien kit" nhdm lgi ich rit phong phii, da dgng, linh boat, tinh vi va thay ddi nhanh chdng diiu kifin bfin ngoai cd nhfing bifin ddi Nfiu nhin lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich Xem: Mot s6 y kiln ve "Ipi ich nh6m" is Vi?t Nam hign (online).- http://noichinh.vn/nghiencuu-trao-doi/201308/mot-so-y-kien-ve-ioi-ich-nhomo-viet-nam-hien-nay-291898/ '^' Xem: 'T^FhSn dien lpi fch nh6m".http://tuanvietnam.vietnamnet.vn/2013-04-26-nhandien-nhom-loi-ich Tdc dgng cua nhdm lgi ich tfi gdc dp cac td chfic xa hdi thi d nudc ta lai chua cd mdt each chinh thfic nhung chuyen gia v&i ddng hanh lang theo nghTa cbuyen nghiep Kinh nghiem cac nudc tien thfi gidi eho thiy hg ddng vai frd rit quan ttgng Hogt ddng cua hg la cau ndi giua cac nhdm lgi ich, gifia nha nudc, cac cdng chfic, vifin chuc, va quan chfic vdi cac nbdm lgi ich, cae td chuc xa bpi dan sy, gifia cac chu thfi xa hfii cd Igi ich khac Bang vific trao ddi thdng tin, giai thich, dam phan, thuyfit phuc hp dua cac chu the loi ich, cac doanh nhan, quan chfic lgi gan nhau, hifiu han, hifiu hon cae van dfi xa hdi, nhat la nhung vSn dfi cac ben cimg quan tam Chinh nhd hp tinh minh bgch vific ban hanh, thuc thi, chi dao, diiu hanh cae qua ttinh xa hdi ttd nen ro rang hem Thfi nhung ttong thyc te bifin nay, dpi ngu chua trd chuyfin nghifip ma dang la nghiep du Xa hpi nhin hp bSng mat khdng thifin cam, xem cac boat dpng cua hp la "ban thiu", la hdi Id, la bat hgp phap, den tdi, Chiing ta can cd giai phap sua ddi nhgn thuc va tao hanh lang phap ly cho ddi ngu trd chuyfin nghipp, hogt ddng cdng khai, hgp phap nudc ta hifin cac hifip hpi, cac td chfic xa bdi, nghe nghifip vdi tinh each la nhfing nhdm lgi ich chinh thfic, da xuat hipn va dang phat trien ca vfi sd lugng lan chat lugng, khac han vdi giai dogn trudc ddi mdi Nhung tiong thyc te tifing ndi va vai frd thyc tfi cua chiing cdn rat han chfi Viec soan thao cac van ban phap quy ciia nha nudc ciing cd quy ttinh lay y kifin ciia hg, nhung van mang tinh chat hinh thuc bdi ban than hp khdng mgnh, khdng cd ca che va khdng dpc lap thyc sy Cac nhdm Icri ich thudng sfi dyng cac hinh thuc hoat d$ng nhu tiep xuc ca nhSn vdi quan chfic vifin ehuc, cdng chuc cac cap ttong bd may chinh quyen, tham gia cac phien hpp cua cae ca quan hfiu quan, ddng gdp y kien vao cac dy an luat, cac dy an kinh te xa hgi, va de xuat cac kifin nghi sfia ddi, bd sung Hp ciing sfi dung cac phuang tifin thdng tin dai chung va cac hinh thuc khac di tao du luan xa hdi, nhung tac dyng rat hgn che, phgm vi chi chu yeu xoay quanh ITnh vyc kinh te, cae van de khac thudc quyen thieu sd rat it tham du, gan nhu im tifing Vific v ^ dpng, gay tac ddng, "gay sfic ep" ddi vdi cac eg quan ehinb quyfin vin mang tinh bi ddng, chd dpi, chi lgi ich cua nhdm true tiep hi de dga thi mdi len tifing Ndi chung, cac nhdm imy it cd the tae dpng dugc hay tae ddng cd hifu qua tdi qua trinh hoach dinh, thyc thi, quan Iy cac chinh sdch Trong dd, kha nhieu nhdm "ngam", khdng chinh thuc, ma du luan dang ndi den nhieu, dugc cac phuang tien thdng tin dgi chiing hay nhac dfin tiong qua trinh dieu fra va xet xfi cac vy an thdi gian gan day, lai hogt ddng rat tich cyc, hieu qua tieu cyc ldn, bang vific van ddng hanh lang, mdc ngoac, hdi Id, cau kfit, chia chac va vay gay hau qua ldn den lgi ich quoe gia, dan tdc Thyc ttgng dang budn la chiing ta chua "khdng chfi", ngan ehan hoae ban che dupc cac loai nhdm lpi ich va cac hogt ddng tifiu cue ciia chiing Trong dd, nhu da ndi, tieng ndi ciia cac nhdm chinh thfic lai qua yfiu dt Difiu khifin cho du Iuan cho ring, dang cd mpt thfi gidi ngdm gdm nhihig nhdm lpi ich ngam dang cang ldn mgnh, cang ddng vai trd to ldn hem ddi vdi xu hudng, tdc dp vgn dpng va bifin ddi cua xa bpi Trudc tinh hinh dd, Viet Nam can tao mdi trudng thuan lgi va thyc chat cho sy tdn tai, phat tiien, hogt ddng va tac ddng 11 Tgp chi Khoa hoc xd hdi Viet Nam, sd 7(92) - 2015 cua cac nhdm lgi ich vdi tinh each la nhfing yiu to, bp phan cau cua xa hdi dan sy mdt each cdng bang, binh dang, dan chii, minh bgch, cdng khai; ddng thdi, loai bd dugc nhfing hgn chfi, tifiu cyc, mat ttai frong hoat dpng cfia Igi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich, tan dung dugc nhung mat tich cue cua chiing Trudc het, ttong giai doan hifin nfin bat dau bang vific tao he thdng phap luat, phap quy cho phep tifin hanh cac boat ddng van ddng hanh lang hgp ly Thyc chat hogt dpng van dpng hanh lang la su trao ddi lgi ich, la sy trao ddi quyfin lgi kha thi va hieu qua Dd khdng chi la boat ddng cua doanh nghiep, cua cac nhdm lpi ich, ma cdn la cdng vific cua qudc gia''\ Neu kbdng thfia nhan va tao hanh lang phap ly cho hogt ddng nd se phatfrienngoai tam kiem soat cua xa hpi se cang gay nen nhiing nguy hgi cho xa hdi, cho lgi ich qudc gia, dan tdc cac nhdm, nhung lgi ich qudc gia, dan tdc, cua da sd phai dugc uutifinhon cac lgi ich khac Khi cac nhdm Igi ich phat sinh xung dot, Nha nudc phai cd trach nhiem diiu hda, ngan chgn, dfi phdng cac nhdm lpi ich bat c h ^ lpi ich cua cac nhdm khac, cfia xa hdi cd dat Igi ich ciia minh, cd thfi gay bit dn xa hdi Nha nudc ciing tao hanh lang phap Iy cho cac nhdm lgi ich hogt ddng cdng khai, minh bach va ti'ch cue, nhung Cling ngan ehan dugc cac hanh vi tifiu cue, bat hgp ly, phi phap, gay tac hai cho xa hpi va cac nhdm lpi ieh khac Nguyfin tic chung la cac nhdm lgi ich hoat dpng tu frong khudn khd phap luat, khdng gdy anh hudng dfin ty va lgi ich cua cac nhdm khac va cfia xa hdi Nhifiu nha nghien cim nhan dinh ring, tac dyng tich cyc cfia cac nhdm lgi ich thi hifin d chd: mgt Id, gdp phan tang cudng hieu qua cua cac chinh sach ciia Nha nudc, Bang vific van ddng hanh lang, thao iam cho chinh sach bam sat cudc sdng ban; lugn, trao ddi, thuyfit phuc, thda hiep giua hai Id, tao sy hifiu biet Ian cua cac cac nhdm Nha nudc cd thi hoach dinh cac nhdm Ipi ich tiong xa hdi, dat nin tang cho chinh sach mdt each dan chu, binh ding, sy ddng thugn va doan kfit xa hdi; ba la, tgo chu y dfin lgi ich khdng chi ciia nhdm ldn, su hifiu bifit, dua dan y, nguyfin vpng ciia nhdm trfin ma ca cac nhdm it ngudi, nhdm cac nhdm vao chinh sach cua Nha nudc lam nhd, tiiiiu sd Hoat dpng dan chu, binh ding cho dan va nha nudc hifiu ban, thuc cua cac nhdm Igi ich giup cho viec hoach hien tdt hon sy lifin ket gifia Ipi ich nhdm dinh va thyc thi chinh sach trd tich va Igi ich qudc gia; bon Id, nang cao tinh cyc, cung cd nfin dan chfi, sy binh ding, tdn binh dang, dan ehu, edng bingfrongxa hpi, frpng nhau, lam cbo lgi ich cac nhdm diu mgi Ipi ich diu dugc chu y xem xet dugc tinh dfin, cd thi frd trung tam qua trinh ban hanh, thyc thi, diiu hanh, cua cac chinh sach, iam cho niem tin cua quan ly cac chinh sach; ndm Id, gdp phin ngudi dan dugc cung cd, dn dinh chinh tri lam cho bd may Nha nudc sgch hon, dugc bao dam Trong qua trinh dd, Nha minh bach va hifiu qua hem; sdu la, gop nudctiidngqua phan chia ca ciu quyin lyc phan phat huy duac tinh tich cyc xa hpi cua trd frgng tai dpc lap, trung lap trudc cae nhdm lgi ich, se phai can nhic quyit Xem: Ton NO Thj Ninh - V^n dong h4nh lang dinh mpt each cdng khai, khach quan, diing nhin tir Viet Nam, Chung ta nen nhin nh?n hogi dan mgi chinh sach, mgi quyfit dinh ciia dOng Van dpng hanh lang nhu the nao? minh, dam bao tdn ttgng lgi ich cua tit ca http://www.hanex.vn/hanex/news_detail/cI9562/il4 654/lobby-van-dong-hanh-lang-nhin-tu-viet-nam.html 12 Tdc dong cua nhom lgi ich ngudi dan, eua cac nhdm lgi ich frong thuc hien cac chucmg trinh, chinh sach phat triin kinh te - xa hpi ndi chung; va theo chiing tdi bdy Id, gdp phan chdng tham nhiing Tuy nhifin, tiong thyc te, tac ddng ciia cac nhdm lgi ieh khdng chi cd khia canh tich cyc ma cung cd nhifiu net tieu eye Khai quat cac quan difim khac dugc nfiu frong thdi gian gan day cd thfi neu mdt sd bifiu hien tifiu cyc ttong tac ddng cfia cac nhdm lgi ich nhu sau; mgt la, cac nhdm lpi ich cd the gay tdn hgi vfi lpi ich cdng ddng, lgi ich qudc gia va lgi ich chinh dang cua cac nhdm khac, gay anh hudng din cdng bang, dan ehu, binh ding va sy dn dinh xa hpi; hai la, cac nhdm lgi ich vi muc tieu tdi da hda lpi ich rifing, thudng bit chip phap lugt, dimg cac thu doan "bin thiu", bit chinb gay nhieu he lyy khd ludng; ba Id, cac nhdm Igi ich cd thfi Iam tha hda dpi ngu can bp cdng quyfin, lung doan chinh quyin cac cap; bon Id, mpt sd trudng hgp, cd thfi cau kit vdi cac nhdm lpi ich bfin ngoai, quoc tfi gay anh hudng dfin an ninh nhifiu mat cua qudc gia; Tac ddng tich cyc lan tifiu cyc ciia nhdm lgi ich, "con dao hai ludi" dugc sfi dyng nhu thfi nao lai cdn phy thudc rat nhieu yfiu td Ching ban, trinh dp td chfie, mue dp thdng nhat cua nhdm; mfic hoan thifin cua thfi chfi; difiu kien lich sfi, van hda, truyfin thdng cua xa hdi; hfi thdng phap luat va kha nang thuc thi ciia bd may Nha nudc; chat lugng ddi ngu can bd chinh quyen cac cap; dao dfic xa hdi va dao dfic cdng vu; V.V Nha nudc la ca quan difiu hda lgi ich, ttong dd cd lgi ich nhdm; xa hdi hinh thuc tdn tai phd bien cua cae cdng ddng ngudi ttong tat ca eac qudc gia hien dai la cac nhdm; v^y difiu hda lgi ich nhdm la chfic nang rat can ban cua cac nha nudc duang dai, kfi ca Nha nudc Vifit Nam Nhu vay, d Viet Nam lgi ich nhdm va cac nhdm lgi ich da va dang tdn tgi khach quan, tat yfiu Trong difiu kien kinh te thi trudng hifin cac nhdm Ipi ich frd nen da dang hem, phong phu va phfic tap hem, boat dpng ttong nhieu linh vyc khac va cd ca nhihig nhdm lien Imh vyc Tuy tung ITnh vyc, thdi difim va difiu kien, mfic dd boat d§ng va tac ddng cua cac nhdm Ipi ich cd khac Tac ddng eua cac nhdm lpi ich chu yeu dupc ndi dfin frong vific hoach dinh, thyc thi, dieu hanh, quan Ij- cac chinh sach phat trifin kinh te - xa hpi Cac tac dgng, anb hudng cua chung cd thi la tich cyc va cd thfi la tifiu eye ddi vdi xa hpi Hifin du luan xa bpi dang tap tnmg cbu y vao cac nhdm tifiu cyc, la nhihig nhdm phi chinh thfic va cd tac ddng tifiu cue dfin xa hdi Cac nhdm lgi ich d nudc ta ciing nhu d nhieu nudc la mot tiong nhfing td tit yfiu cua xa hdi dan sy Trong sy tdn tgi cua minh chung cd ca khia canh mau thuan lln thdng nhat vdi Hai khia cgnh bifin ddng thudng xuyen va phy thudc timg nhdm lgi ich ey the Nba nudc ddng vai frd cyc ky quan trpng tiong viec dieu hda lgi ich nhdm theo nguyfin tac dam bao Ipi ich cac nhdm, du la nhdm yfiu thfi, thifiu sd ludn dupc tdn frpng, khdng dfi xam pham lgi ieh cua va lgi ich cua qudc gia dan tdc; Igi ich qudc gia dan tpc ludn phai dugc dgt cao nhat Tnrdc mat can phai thay ddi nhgn thfic Igi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich, ve vai frd va cac hinh thfic boat ddng cua cac nhdm Ipi ich Nha nudc can thfia nhan, tao hanh lang phap ly eho cac nhdm lgi ich va hoat ddng ciia chiing, trudc het la cac boat ddng vgn dpng hanh lang chinh saeh de lgi ich tat ca cac nhdm dugc tinh den mpt each cdng bang, dan chil, minh bgch, cdng khai mgi chinh sach va quyet dinh cua Nha nudc 13 ... Vi?t Nam hign (online).- http://noichinh.vn/nghiencuu-trao-doi/201308/mot-so-y-kien-ve-ioi-ich-nhomo-viet -nam- hien -nay- 291898/ '^' Xem: 'T^FhSn dien lpi fch nh6m".http://tuanvietnam.vietnamnet.vn/2013-04-26-nhandien-nhom-loi-ich... lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich duoc xem la tieu cyc d nudc ta hien nay, thudngtifinhanh cac hoat ddng dfi dat tdi lgi ich nhdm bang nam each sau: Thir nhdt Id, tgo cac quan he tdt vdi cap trfin,... nuoc tren phuong dien nhom Igi ich va lgi ich nhom Trong dieu kien nuac ta hien nay, qua Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Vi^t Nam, sd 7(92) - 2015 trinh chuyin d6i sang kinh ti thi trucmg chua hoan thanh,
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