NSHIEN cdu CHlm TBI-XiHdl MOT so VAN DE VE GIAM NGHEO DOI vbl PHU NUT NONG THON VIET NAM TRAN THI XUAN LAN* T huc trang giam ngheo vdl phu ni? nong thon Viet Nam ' Chinh sich tin dting Cdng nhu efic dli tupng ngheo khfie, phu nff nghflo nfing than nude ta da dupc hudng nhifiu ehinh saeh hfi trp cda Ding vfi Nha nude Oang ehd y Ifi Hfii Lifin hifip phy nd Vifil Nam dfi phat huy I I I vai trd eda minh eung efic t l chffe xa hdi dim bio an sinh xa hpi cho phu nff ndi ehung vfi phy nff nflng thfln riflng, thye hifin I I I mflt Irong Ifim muc tifiu Thifin nifin kJ - gilm ngtifio Hophuni/ngheo vay von qua cdc ngu6n Him Ngan hdng Ngan hing NN Ngan hang To chilt tin CSXH aPTNN khic dung Td choc chinh tn xahol NgUdI cho vay cd t h i Ho hing/ banbd 2005 43,8 18.7 1,5 3,6 8,6 11,2 30,1 2006 46,6 17,7 1.7 3,2 8,8 10,6 28,6 2007 46.8 17.8 1,4 3,4 8,5 11,4 28,6 (Ngudn Kith sdt mdc sdng hdgia dinh nSm20QS- T6ng ci/c thing li^ I - Viflcfifipcfin d e t l chffettndyng d a Nhfi nudc NhQng nam qua, Ngfin hfing Chinh saeh xa hpi vfi Ngan hfing Nflng nghifip vfi Phfit triln nflng Ihfln da triln khai chinti sfieh tin dung eho phu nff nghflo va ngffd nghfio nfing thfin qua eae ehuang trinh, dy an, d c nhdm, t l phu nff ttit kifim eda Trong ffong Hpi phy nff Viflt t^am D l gidp dfl vfi tao dilu kifin eho phu nff phat triln kinh tfi gia dnh, dim blo an sinh xa hfli, d c d p Hpi Phu nff lai ro sd da tieh eye tin chip, nhfin dy thfic Iff d c ngfin hang eho phy nff ngheo vay vln phfit ttiln sin xuat xfla dfli giam nghflo Cae l l , nhflm dupe lap vfi boat dpng dud sy bio tip cda Hpi Phu nff dja phffong vd phong trfio "Phunffgidpnhau phat ttiln kinh tfi gia dnh" Mae dff chua ed s l lifiu khio sfit rifing dd vd phy nff nghfio nfing thfln vay vfin, nhffng thye t l cho thay da s l ngud nghflo nfli ehung vfi phu nfl nghflo nfli riflng Ihudng sing d ndng thdn, vdng khd khan (Irfin 90% ngud nghfio vfi 94% ngudi nghfio eung eye sfing d nfing thfln)'" Do dd, cfl Ihl khang djnh s l IISu IrSn da eho thay phu nd nghfio nflng ttifln da phai huy dflng vln Iff rfit nhilu nguin khfie Trong d e nguin vln ma phy nff nfing thfin khai thae ehd ylu hp lya ehpn vay qua Ngfin hang Chinh sfieh xfi hdi vd lai sull thap 0,5 - 0,6%/ Ihfing CDng d nhilu Irudng hop nhffng nguyfin nhfin khfie nhau, phu nff khdng Ihl ttIp ran vd d c nguin vay uu dfii bupc hg phli vay d c ngudn khfie Theo khio sfit mffc sfing nam 2010, d sy khfic biflt gid frong filp cfin ngufin lue tin dung • Tiin Sl, Hge viin Chinh tri Khu vUcI - Tldd, tr 64 62 TAP CHi G I A O D g c LV L U A N - s 228 (4/2015) NUUiH cdu CHlm TBI-XAHOI Tinh Irang ting so ngudn vay eda d c hp gia dnh, d c ngufin vay nhd, IS d c chd hp ifi phy nff dffae quan tfim nhilu hon eae ehd hp nam gid Niu phu nff chd hp dupe vay tff quy lifi Irp vific lflm Ifi 1,9%, quy gilm ngheo la 8,4%, efic t l chffc chinh trj xfi hpi la 9,0% thi nam chd hfl chi dffpe vay vd ty lfi tffOng ffng Ifi: 1,4%; 4,1% vfi 7,8% Thi nhung, kholn von vay Idn, quan trpng lai Ngfin hfing Chi'nh sfieh xa hfli Ihi eae ehd hp nam gid (84,1%) lai dupe "uu tien" hon efic ehd hp ifi phy nff (77%)'^' d khia canh khfic, nhin dffdi gdc dp hffdng Ipi Iff dy an, chinh saeh cda Nhfi nudc dfinh eho ngud nghfio thi rac nam ehd hfl dupc uu dfii Iln dyng (nam 2010: 10,7%, nam 2011: 8,0%; nfim 2012: 9,7%;) nhiSu hon cfie nff ehd hfl (nam 2010: 7,6%; nam 2011: 6,0%; nam 2012: 7,4%)"' till kifim" Day ia mpt t l chffc ly nguyfin eda phy nff d d c chi hfii CO sd vung nflng Ihfln dupe thfinh lfip vd quy chl hoat dflng chat chS Cfie thfinh vifin tham gia hfing thang dflng gdp mflt khoin fifin nhat djnh d l tao thfinh vfin eda t l d l gidp dd eae vifin khfie Thflng qua nhdm, vfin dupc ehuyin dfin chj em ro nhu clu dfi phat triln kinh t l gia dnh Dfiy ifi hinh thffc chd flflng khai thfic ngufin vln nhfin rfli lai chfi Irong phy nff d l gidp gili quyll khd khan kjp thd Ngoai vific huy dpng vln qua l l ehffc Hfii Phu nO, phy nff nflng Ihdn mfit s l dja phuong edn ttiam gia vao rac hoal ddng huy dpng vln ty phfit khae nhu: chd hp, phudng Ihde/gao, phudng gaeh Kinh tfi eang kham khfi hon, ngud la bat diu nghi din t l chffe mdl hinh thffe phffdng, hpi khae eo gifi In kinh Ifi ban Ihde/gao Mat sfi nguyfin nhfin khifin eho phy nff ndng dd ifi phffdng tifin, phudng vfing Nhifiu dja thfin khd filp can vd tin dyng d l xda ddi gilm phuong phudng lifin phfit triln vfi hoat dfing khfi nghflo Ifi: manh Hlnh thffe ll/phffdng vfing ehua phi biln Thit nhit, khdng phai tat c i phu nff ndng thfin ilm, nhung ro rang nd da xufit hifin d efing ding dfiu Ifi hpi vifin cda Hpi Phu nff dfi dupe tfn ehap nflng Ihdn Irong Ihd gian gin dfiy vay vfin va khPng phli tat d hpi vifln phy nff Md dfiy, Quy h i trp Phu nff nfing thdn Vifit nghfio diu dfip ffng dd dilu kifln dffpe vay vln Nam dupe thfinh ifip nham hP trp nhffng phu nff lfi Thd hai, filp can vd cac t l chffc tfn dung hp nghfio, can ngheo, tai nghfio, phu nff Ifim ehd khfie thi phu nff nflng Ihdn khfing cd Ifii sin gifi In hfi gia dinh d thu nhfip Ihfip, kho khan v l kinh dffpe dffng tfin d l I h l chip Trfin thye IS, ty IS d IS tai ndng thdn vung ddng bing, du, miln vp vfi ching dffng ten giay ehffng nhan quyfin sff nui, vdng sfiu, vung xa, vung dac bifit khd khan dyng dat d va dat ranh tae d nude ta cdn qufi trfin d nude Thdng qua d o boat dpng h i trp, Ifii ttiap, dae biel la nflng thfln Chd yfiu dal d vfi dal trer v l vln, hudng din, tu van v l kiin Ihffc, ky ranh tfie dffng Ifin nam gid vd ty lfi tuong ffng Ifi Ihuat ky nang sin xuat kinh doanh, da dang hda 88,6% vfi 87,2%, phy nff chi ro 7,3% dffng Ifin d e boat dfing lao thu nhfip, nfing eao nang dit d va 8% flat ranh lac''" nim bat thdng fin, tifip ean thi trudng, day nghfi, hudng nghifip Quy khuyin khieh phu nff nfing - Tfn dung cda l l chffe khfie Mpt hinh thffe tfn dyng phfit huy tfnh tieh eye, thfin vyi;il khfl vuon ifln thoat nghfio, ell thifln, ehd ddng cda phy nff ndng thfin ly thoat nghfio, nfing eao difiu kifin, chfit lupng sing, gilm Ihilu dim blo an sinh xfi hfii ifi "Tl phy nff ty nguyfin rtii ro, phat trien bin vffng kinh t l hfi gia dnh, gdp phln Ihffc day hifiu qui chinh sach an sinh xa hfii, xda ddi gilm nghfio eda Oing vfi Nhfi nffde; • Tdng cue Thdng ki (2010) - Kit qud khdo sdt mUc dap ffng yfiu d u CNH,HDH va hpi nhfip quie t l sd'ng ddn cu • Tdng cue Thdng kl (2012) -Ketqua khdo sdt miic * Chinh sich day nghe vi giii quyit viec lim sdng ddn cU - Tdng cue thdng kl (2006), Bieu tra qudc gia vi cho iao dong, dac bifil d vdng ndng thfin vfi phy nff nfing Ihdn Dfiy ehinh Ifi nhffng bifin phfip d l gig dinh Vilt Nam TAP CHl GIAO Dgc i t LUAN - S^ , ^ j ^ - ^ ^ 'f^oos), Khio sdt mitc sdng kg gia dinh TAP CHl GlAO Dgc LY LgAN - s 228 (4/2016) ... thi rac nam ehd hfl dupc uu dfii Iln dyng (nam 2010: 10,7%, nam 2011: 8,0%; nfim 2012: 9,7%;) nhiSu hon cfie nff ehd hfl (nam 2010: 7,6%; nam 2011: 6,0%; nam 2012: 7,4%)"' till kifim" Day ia mpt... ran cff quan sy frfin lanh tho Viet Nam; Viet Nam khdng lifin minh vd nude nfiy d l chfing lai nudc khfie Dilm nli bat cda hpp tae quie te vfi quic phdng nam 2014 Ifi da sat dnh cdng nhifiu lye... tfim nhilu hon eae ehd hp nam gid Niu phu nff chd hp dupe vay tff quy lifi Irp vific lflm Ifi 1,9%, quy gilm ngheo la 8,4%, efic t l chffc chinh trj xfi hpi la 9,0% thi nam chd hfl chi dffpe vay