TRAO DOI imrc HIEN CONG BANG XA HOI DOI V I CAC HINH THU'C SC) HUU VI Sir PHAT TRIEN CON NGUdl Nl/dC TA HIEN NAY TRAN VAN R N ' LU'ONG DINH HAI" Cdng bdng xd hdi la mdt vdn dd gdm nhidu ndi dung Idn, cd anh hudng to ldn ddn su phdt tridn cua ngudi va cdng ddng ndi chung; frong cdng bdng ddi vdi cac hinh thiic sd hQu, cdc phdn kinh td Id mdt npi dung rdt quan trpng Ca vd phuong dipn ly lugn lan thyc tidn, ca vd chidu sdu ljch su ldn tinh da didn, da y kidn vd nd giai doan hidn ciing da cho thdy day la vdn dd rdt phuc tgp va khd gidi quydt, la chii de mang tinh kinh dien, nhung ludn cd tinh thdi sy vd hap dan edc nhd ly ludn d edc the h? khdc Cdng bdng xd hpi ddi vdi cac hinh thiic sd huu, cdc thdnh phan kinh te a nudc ta hidn lgi cang la van de phuc tgp hon ca npi ham khai nidm cdng bdng ldn khdi nidm hinh thiic sd hiiu chua dugc thong nhdt vd nhdt quanfrongthyc te Khong cd cdng bdng xa hdi tuydt ddi, sidu hinh, nhung khdng cd cdng bdng xd hpi thi ngudi, cpng ddng vd xd hdi khdng thd phat tridn dugc Trong nhidu ky Dai h^i Ddng tir bat ddu cdng cupc xdy dyng ddt nudc, nhat la tQ Ddi mdi ddn nay, vdn dd hinh thdc sd huu, cdc thdnh phdn kinh td, vdn dd edng bdng xa hdi Id nhiing vdn dd rdt dupc quan tdm Cho ddn nay, d nudc ta, vide xdc djnh co cdu, hinh thuc sd hOu, thdnh phdn kinh tl dang cd nhung khdc bidt nhdt djnh, nhat Id quan he co cdu giQa sd hiiu nhd nudc va sd hOu tu nhdn, giua cdc thdnh phdn kinh td Van edn nhiing y kidn khac ve viec sQ dung cdc tiiuat ngQ cac hinh thuc sd hiiu, thdnh phdn sd hQu, cac phdn, cac khu vyc kinh te Thdm chl frong Vdn kidn Dang cd luc cho rdng cd ba ehd dp sd huu, dii phdn ldm cac ky Dgi hdi chi noi cd hai chd dp sd huu' Ddu tien la kinh td hang hda, sau Id kinh te thi trudng da dugc chinh thiic thira nhan d nudc ta vdi tinh edeh Id mdt chu * Chu tjch, Uy ban nhan dan tinh VTnh Long " PGS.TSKH.; Vien Nghien cihi Con nguoi, Vien Han lfim Khoa hpc Xfi hpi Vi^t Nam "Tren co so ba chl so hiiu (toan dan, tap tlii, tu nhfin), hinh thfinh nhiSu hinh thiic sd hOu vfi nhi^u thfinh phdn kinh ti: kinh t€ tap (hi, kinh tg tir nhfin (cfi thi, tiiu chu, tu bfin tu nhfin), kinh te tir ban nhfi nucrc, kinh te co v6n dfiu tu nuoc ngoai" Van hen Dgi hgi dai biiu loan quoc ldn thu X (2006), Nxb Chinh trj Qu6c gia, Hfi Noi, Tr 83 52 NghiSn etiu Con ngudi $63(78) 2015 Trdn Vdn Ron vd Luang Binh Hdi truong chidn lugc lau ddi ctia thdi ky qud dp Qua 30 ndm ddi mdi, ndn kinh td thi trudng d nudc ta da hinh thdnh va dang phdt tridn, cdc hinh thQc sd huu, cac phdn kinh td dd frd nhiing thuc thd tdn tai khdch quan vd dang tdc dpng mdt mgnh me vdo ddi sdng kinh td, xd hdi Nhimg cd ten thuat ngQ lan npi hdm ciia "hinh thuc sd huu", "thdnh phdn kinh td" hidn dang cd nhiing y kidn khac biet Cd y kidn cho rang ndn diing thudt ngQ "thdnh phdn kinh td" thay cho "hinh thuc sd huu", lai cd y kidn klidc cho rdng ndn gpi Id "khu vuc kinh Id", cd y kidn lgi cho rdng khdng nen phdn chia cac thdnh phdn kinh td hay khu vyc kinh td ma nen su dung khdi nidm edc "logi hinh doanh nghidp" vi npi ham cua ede khai nidm trdn Id khdng ro rang va it mang y nghia thyc tien Viec su dyng hai khdi niem ndi trdn thyc tien didu hdnh kinh td cd nhiing cho khdng ro rang vd khdng mang lgi nhung hidu qua mong mudn Tuy nhidn, du la dung thudt ngQ nao, vdi npi ham thi cdc ydu Id kinh td ma ede thudt ngQ tren bao hdm, phdn dnh la nhQng cdu cua he thdng kinh td, cd quan he bidn chung lan nhau, cd xu hudng van ddng vd cd nhung didu kidn tdn tgi, cd nhQng ydu td tac dpng xac dinh; mdi quan he vd ca cdu ciia chiing he thdng kinh td ndi ehung cd vai frd quan trpng viec thuc ddy sy phat tridn kinh td, xa hdi Chu truong ciia Ddng va Nhd nudc Id khdng phan bipt cac thdnh phdn kinh td, chung deu binh dang vdi vd binh ddng trudc phdp ludt, khdng cd su phan bidt ddi xu, vd tao lap mdi trudng binh ddng, thdng thodng, dn djnh vd minh bgch de cd thd phdt huy tdi da hidu qud cua cdc phan kinh td nhdm phdt frien kinh Id ciia ddt nudc phdt trien ngudi va xd hpi Qua cdc ky Dgi hpi Ddng, sd lugng vd tdn gpi cdc thdnh phdn kinh te cd nhiing thay ddi nhdt dinh Ndm 1991, Cuong linh xdy dyng ddt nudc thdi ky qua dp chi phdn kinh td, bao gdm: kinh td nhd nudc, kinh td tap thd, kinh te cd the, kinh te lu ban tu nhdn, kinh le tu ban nhd nudc, kinh Id gia dinh Tgi Dgi hdi Dang lan thu X, ndm 2006, cdc phdn kinh td lai bao gdm: kinh le nha nudc, kinh td tap the, kinh te tu nhan (ca thd, tidu chii, tu bdn lu nhan), kinh td tu bdn nhd nudc, kinh td cd vdn ddu tu nudc ngodi Tai Dgi hdi Dang ldn thu XI, ndm 2011, cdc thdnh phdn kinh te d nudc ta lgi duge nhdc ddn la: kinh td nha nudc (bao gdm doanh nghiep nha nudc, tdp dodn nhd nudc, da sd hihi dd sd hQu nhd nudc giu vai trd chi phdi), kinh td tap the (ndng cdt la hgp tdc xd), kinh td tu nhdn, doanh nghidp sd hiru hdn hgp, doanh nghiep ddu tu nudc ngodi Van kien Dai hdi diing ciing Iiic ca ba thudt ngQ ndi trdn: edc hinh thuc sd hiiu, cac phdn kinh td, cac logi hinh doanh nghidp Diem qua vide xde dinh cdc phdn kinh td nhu vdy dd thdy rdng, tidu chi xac djnh cac thdnh phdn kinh td Id chua rd rang Ban thdn cdc nhd kinh dien, cdc nha ly luan ndi chung d nudc ta cung chua dua dugc tidu chi cu thd dd phdn djnh cac phan kinh td Cdc ky dai hpi cua Ddng eung chua nhat quan vd viec phdn djnh cdc thdnh phdn kinh td vdi tdn gpi cdc thdnh phdn kinh te nhu da ndi d tren Vide xdc dinh cdc phdn hay khu vyc kinh te, cdc loai hinh doanh nghiep khdng nhQng dya frdn cde quan NghlSn cHu Con ngodt s63(78) 2015 c^ Thuc hien cong bdng xd hdi he sd huu hay quy md sd hiiu md cdn dya vdo ca ngudn gdc ciia sd huu (kinh td cd vdn ddu lu nudc ngoai) Mat khdc vide phan bidl pham vi cita mdt sd thdnh phan kinh td lgi khdng thd hidn dugc thuc td sdng ddng ciia ddi sdng kinh td xd hpi cua nudc ta qud trinh chuydn ddi Xu hudng lidn kdt giQa cdc doanh nghiep cdc chu sd hiiu dd hinh thdnh ndn nhiing doanh nghiep mdi cd sd hiiu hdn hgp dang Id mpt xu the kha ndi tr^i, nhdt la didu kien tai co cdu va chuyen ddi kinh td hien Dd ciing la xu hudng ndi trdi sy van ddng ciia cdc ndn kinh Id khdc trdn thd gidi Trong phan kinh te tu nhan d nudc ta hidn sy bidn ddi nhanh chdng, thudng xuydn ndn su phdn djnh kinh td tu ban tu nhdn vd kinh td tieu chii kinh td cd thd nhidu trudng hpp cung chi cd tinh tuang ddi quy md, pham vi va tinh chdt ciia edc doanh nghiep thudc logi cCuig khdng gidng nhu frudc day hai thdp ky Sy phdn djnh kinh Id ed thd va kinh td tieu chu khdng phdi kiii nao eung ro rdng Doanh nghiep nhd nudc cd sd hOu 100% vdn vd tdi san nhd nudc dang ngdy mdt it di ve sd lugng, cdc doanh nghidp cd phan dang cd xu hudng gia tdng sd lugng Ndi ham thudt ngQ phdn kinh td tu ban nhd nudc cung khdng that sy rd rang Hien khdng chi cd nha nudc phdi hgp, hay chi phdi cdc cd ddng sd hQu khac d frong vd ngoai nude, md cd ca sy lien ket, lidn doanh giiia cdc chii sd huu ngodi nha nudc nudc vdi vd cdc chii sd hQu nudc ngoai dudi cdc hinh thuc khde Trong sd cdc chu sd huu nudc ngodi cd cd sd hiru nha nudc vd sd hQu tu nhdn Vd Ihuc chat, phdn kinh Id tu bdn nhd nudc hidn dang tdn tai d nudc ta khdng cdn nguyen nghia nhu Irong ly ludn ciia Ldnin vd kinh te lu bdn nha nudc - Id phdng ehd ldn chii nghia xd hdi hay la VA xd hdi chii nghia Thdnh phdn kinh td tu bdn nha nude d cac nudc khdc trdn thd gidi cung nhu d nudc ta hidn thye chdt, la cde td chuc kinh doanh cd sd hiiu hdn hpp Vide phan chia cdc thdnh phdn hay khu vuc kinh td, hodc cac loai hinh doanh nghiep, chu ydu la dd cd nhQng chinh sdch phu hgp nhdm thuc ddy sy phdt trien ciia chiing Trong didu kidn ciia nudc ta hien nay, quan diem chinh thuc, chinh thdng van khdng djnh rdng kinh td nhd nudc ddng vai trd chu dgo, chi phdi, kinh td nhd nudc va kinh td tap thd cang trd tiianh ndn tdng vQng chdc ciia ndn kinh td^ Didu lai mdu thuan vdi ehinh chu truong cua Dang va Nhd nudc Id: bdo ddm canh franh binh ddng, minh bach cua doanh nghidp thudc mpi phdn kinh td^ Trong hidn thyc, nhung he luy xa hdi to ldn ciia cdc doanh nghidp nhd nudc khoang mdt hai thap ky vua qua, nhu: kinh doanh kem ldng phi cdc ngudn lye, tdc ddi mdi cdng nghd cham, ndng lye egnh franh giam siit, hidu qua ddu tu kem, ndng sudt iao ddng giam, tham nhiing du da rat nhidu ldn, bd nhidu cdng sue dd khdc phuc nhung khdng mang Iai kdt qud mong dgi didu dd cho thdy vide xac dinh lai vj tri va vai frd cua kinh td nha - Vdn ki?n Dgi hgi dai biiu loan qudc lan thisXI, Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c gia - Su that Hfi Noi, Tr.35 - 36 54 NghiSn Cliu Con ngudi so 3(78) 2015 Trdn Vdn Rdn vd Lucmg Dinh Hdi nudc la rdt cdn thidt va la ydu cdu khdch quan Kinh td tap thd, md theo tinh thdn frong cdc Van kidn, ndng cdt la hgp tac xd, thi dang cd nhQng chuydn bidn chdm chgp khdng dinh hinh rd net vd ddng vai trd ydu dt Irong viec djnh hudng ndn kinh td ndi chung Cd Id cdn ldu cdc hgp tac xd vd khu vuc kinh td'hgp tac xa d nudc ta mdi cd dugc vj thd vd vai trd nhu cac Vdn kidn mong mudn Kinh nghidm cdc nudc khac cho thdy su phan dinh giua thdnh phan kinh td hgp tdc xa vdi mdt sd phdn kinh td khdc nhu kinh td taptiid,sd hihi hon hgp, cdng ty cd phdn la rdt khd khan, ranh gidi giQa chung Id hdt sue linh dpng, thay ddi nhanh chdng theo tiing giai doan phdt tridn khdc ciia ndn kinh td Trong bdi cdnh nhu vdy, vdi mdt vai net phac hpa nhu trdn, cd thd thdy rdng vide xem xet thuc chat cua vdn dd thyc hidn cdng bdng xa hpi ddi vdi cac phdn kinh td d nudc ta hien la khdng he don gian Ddi hdi vira cdng bdng vua binh ddng lgi cdng khd hon Didu dd, it hode nhieu manh hode ydu cd anh hudng ddn sy phdtfridncua cd kinh td, ngudi vd xd hpi Nudc ta mdi bdt ddu phdt tridn kinh td thj trudng, dii dd Id ndn kinh Id thj trudng djnh hudng xa hOi chu nghTa, didu kidn cdc luc lugng sdn xudt dang d trinh dp thdp so vdi cac thj trudng khac Iren Ihd gidi, lai khdng dong ddu giQa edc ngdnh, cdc ITnh vuc, cdc khu vuc khdc Dja bdn ma cac luc lugng sdn xudt cd thd tgo cho cdc quan hp sdn xudt phdt tridn Id rdt da dang Do vay sy da dang cac loai hinh sd huu, cdc thdnh phdn hay khu vuc kinh td cdc logi hinh doanh nghidp, hay cde hinh thuc kinh doanh la didu tdt ydu Ciing vdi su lidn bd ciia cdc Iyc lugng sdn xudt dang dien khdng ngimg vd mot manh me thi sy thay ddi tuong irng cua cde Iogi hinh sd hQu, khu vyc kinh td, thdnh phan kinh td, cdc logi hinh doanh nghiep, cdc hinh thQc kinh doanh, cung se nhanh chdng vd khdng ngimg, vd cung Id tdt ydu Chinh vi vdy,frongluc nay, mpt mdt, cung can thidl phai phan bidt rach rdi cdc phan kinh td, cac khu vyc kinh te hay cac logi hinh doanh nghidp, de cd nhung chii truang, chinh sdch thich hgp, ddng bp thiic day chiing vd todn bd nen kinh te Mdt khac, van dd quan frpng nhat qudn ly, didu hanh, chi dao ndn kinh td la phai phdt huy tdi da, tao dieu kidn thudn lgi cho tdt cd edc ngudn Iyc, cac ydu td tich cue ciia nen kinh td thj trudng, thiic ddy cdc Iyc lugng san xudt phdt tridn nhdm phdt tridn kinh td, ngudi vd xa hpi Mudn vay phai ddm bdo cdng bang, binh ddng mot cdch thich hgp, ddng bd giQa cde phdn, khu vyc kinh td, logi hinh doanh nghiep Cdng bang, binh dang dugc ddm bdo Ihyc td se la dpng lye mgnh me ciia su phdt tridn kinh te, ngudi vd xa hpi Didu quan trpng khdng phai la vdn dd phdn kinh te hay khu vuc kinh te ndo, loai hinh doanh nghipp hay hinh thuc kinh doanh nao se dong vai frd chii dao vide thiic ddy cac lye lugng sdn xuat phdt tridn vd qua dd thiic day sy phdt tridn cua ndn kinh td, ngudi va xd hpi Cd le cdn phai hidu y nghia ciia thugt ngQ chii dao la d vipc ddng vai trd to ldn nhdt vipc thuc ddy cde luc lugng sdn xudt phdt tridn, thiic ddy sy phdt NghlSn Cliu Con ngUdfs6 3(78) 2015 eir Thuc hien cong bdngxa hdi fridn eua ddi sdng kinh td, ngudi vd xd hpi, chu khdng phai theo nghta chu dgo la ndm cac ngudn lue phdt tridn nhidu nhdt, hay dugc uu tidn nhat vd cdc chinh sdch, hay duge tgo didu kidn thudn lgi nhdt frdn nhidu phuong didn kinh td, chinh frj, vdn hda, xa hdi, an ninh, hgp tac qudc td, ddu tu vd xudt nhdp khdu, nhu hien vdn dd quan frpng nhdt hien nay, theo chiing tdi, dd dam bdo cdng bang xa hdi ddi vdi cdc khu vyc, cdc thdnh phdn kinh td thi nhd nudc khdng ndn xde djnh vd khdng nen su dyng tu hrdng ehu dao ma cdn qudn tridt va thuc hien nguydn tdc ddm bdo cdng bdng, canh tranh binh ddng, minh bach, ldnh manh ciia tdl cd cdc logi hinh doanh nghidp thudc mpi thdnh phdn, khu vuc kinh te, khuyen khich su dung hidu qud cdc ngudn luc phdt frien diing theo quy djnh cua phdp luat Khdng ndn phdn biet vd ddi xu mdt each khdc frong viec tao cac didu kidn vd phan phdi edc ngudn lye, cung nhu tieu thy sdn phdm bdng cdc ca chd chinh sach ddi vdi cdc hinh thuc sd hQu, cac loai hinh doanh nghipp khdc theo tu tudng chii dao vdi nghia uu tidn, uu ddi Loai hinh doanh nghidp ndo, khu vyc kinh td ndo, phdn kinh td nao cd ddng gdp to ldn cho sy phdt tridn ciia ndn kinh td, xd hdi thi loai hinh doanh nghidp dd khu vyc kinh te dd, hinh thuc sd huu dd se frd thdnh chu dao Va vai trd ehii dgo, tdt nhien, se thay ddi theo tQng thdi ky khdc Tat cd cdc logi hinh doanh nghiep, cdc phan hay khu vyc kinh te, cac hinh thuc sd hiiu, td chuc kinh doanh ndu dugc va edn dugc ddi xu cdng bdng, binh dang trudc phdp Iudt, thi chiing ddu Id nhQng ddng luc quan trpng thiic day sy phdt tridn ciia ndn kinh td xa hdi Vai frd chii dao se dugc xd hdi xdc djnh, thira nhan theo edc quy lugt ciia ndn kinh td thj trudng vd thdng qua ddng gdp thyc tidn ciia chQng ddi vdi xd hdi, chu khdng phdi bang mong mudn vd y chi chii quan; vd ndi dung, y nghTa cua thudt ngu ehu dao phdi dugc hidu Id d hidu qua ddng gdp xd hdi, chu khdng phdi d vide uu tidn, uu dai cdc ngudn Iyc ma hieu qua ddng gdp xd hdi lgi khdng ldn, khdng tuong xQng vdi edc uu ddi, uu tien dd dugc ddnh cho chiing Trong thye td hien nay, vide phdn djnh vai trd chu dao, phdn bidt ddi xu vdi cac loai hinh doanh nghiep, cdc khu vyc vd phdn kinh td, it nhidu, ca vd phuang didn tdm ly ldn hidn thyc, gdy ndn sy bat binh dang, thieu cdng bdng qua trinh sdn xudt va tdn tgi cua cdc doanh nghipp ndi chung Didu dd ciing vdi linh trgng lgi ich nhdm dan xen ddi sdng kinh te khien eho xa hdi mdt nidm tin vdo quan didm vd chii truang rdt diing ddn Id ddm bdo cdng bdng, canh Iranh binh ddng, minh bach, phu hgp vdi phdp lugt ciia mpi thdnh phdn kinh te, khidn cho cdc doanh nghidp nhd nudc diing cd tiid ddng gdp to ldn hem, hieu qud hon vdo sy phat tridn chung cua ddi sdng kinh td, ngudi va xa hpi, tuong xung vdi cdc ngudn lye, cdc chinh sach, co chd ma chiing dugc hudng, thi trdi Iai tiiam chi d mdt sd doanh nghidp lgi dang kim ham su phdt tridn cua ddi sdng kinh td, ngudi vd xa hdi Khi ndi kinh te nha nudc ddng vai trd chii dao, cd y kidn da cho rdng: kinh Id nha nudc id mpt khdi niem rdng bao ham dd nhidu ydu td khac nhau, tii ngan sdch ddn 56 NghiSn ciJU Con nguoi s63(78) 2015 Trdn Vdn Rdn vd Luang Dinh Hdi tdi nguydn khoang sdn, ngudn lye eon ngudi, co chd chinh sdch, cac cdng cu tai chinh, chu khdng chi cd loai hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc ma thdi Ndi kinh td nhd nudc ddng vai trd chu dgo thi khdng chi cdc doanh nghiep nhd nude ddng vai frd chu dao md tat cd cdc ydu td kinh td khdc nhd nudc true tidp didu hanh, ndm va su dung ddu ddng vai frd chu dgo Ndi didu dd mdt chimg myc nhdt dinh Id dung Tuy nhidn, ndu so sdnh vdi cac ndn kinh td khdc, kd ca cdc ndn kinh td dang chuydn ddi trdn thd gidi vafrongthyc td ddi sdng kinh Id, xa hdi Viet Nam hidn nay, thi cdc ydu td khdc ngodi cdc Ioai hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc nhu ngdn sach cde cdng cu tdi chinh tidn td, tdi nguyen khoang san, rdt nhidu nhd nudc Irdn the gidi ddu ndm, vd ndm fruc tidp dd didu hanh ndn kinh td, nhung lgi khdng cd nudc nao ndi rdng kinh td nha nudc ddng vai trd chil dgo O Vidt Nam hidn nay, thyc chdt ndi kinh td nhd nudc ddng vaifrdchu dgo, chii ydu vd trudc hdt, la ndi ddn cac loai hinh doanh nghiep nhd nudc khdc nhau, trudc hdt la cdc tap doan kinh td Trong thuc td, cdc doanh nghiep nhd nudc dugc ho trg, uu dai bdng cac cdng ey khdc ciia nhd nudc mot each true tiep, dudi dgng uu ddi hon so vdi cdc loai hinh doanh nghiep khac, tu viec phan phoi cdc ngudn lye phdl iridn nhu vdn, ngudn nhan luc ddn cdc chinh sach, co che, tu vide xu ly cac sai pham ddn vide khen thudng, tuydn duong, tu chinh sdch thud den cde chinh sach ngudn nhan lye, tQ cdc hogt dpng kinh td npi dia den vide xual nhap khdu vd cac Ihdng tin vd kinh td thj trudng, Tdt cd nhirng cai da tgo ndn nhung uu the, lgi the nhdt dinh cho cdc doanh nghidp nhd nudcfrongvide egnh tranh, khdng nhihig giQa cdc logi hinh doanh nghiep nudc md cd d cde thj trudng ngodi nudc, giQa cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam vdi Mdt khdc, nhiing uu dai ddi vdi cdc loai hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc lgi cung tao nhiing bdt lgi eho chinh cdc logi hlnh doanh nghidp dd, khidn eho chiing cham tre frong vide ddi mdi cdng nghd, tdng ndng sudt Iao ddng, cdi tidn vd td chuc qudn ly, tridt tieu tinh ndng ddng sang tgo va khd ndng phat huy ldi da cdc ngudn luc sdn cd vd cdc ngudn lye dugc uu ddi vide eanh tranh trdn cdc thj irudng va ngodi nudc, khidn cho hidu qud hoat dpng ciia cac doanh nghidp nhd nudc thudng khdng tuong xiing vdi cdc ngudn lye md nd dugc sQ dung Trong ljch su phdt tridn cua nhan logi, kinh nghiem ciia cdc nudc frdi qua kinh td thi trudng thdnh edng vai trdm ndm vua qua cho thay kinh td lu nhan ludn la ddng lye chinh cita su phat tridn kinh Id CJ mpt sd nudc cd ndn kinh td thj trudng hidn dai, doanh nghiep nhd nudc cung ldn tai vd cd ddng gdp cho sy phat trien kinh Id xa hpi, cd nhiing giai dogn cd ddng gdp ldn chiem ti trpng khdng nhd (Anh, Phap cudi nhQng ndm 1970 va ddu nhung ndm 1980), nhung chua bao gid la chu dgo, chua ndo kinh td nhd nudc la dpng luc chinh ciia sy phdt tridn O cde nudc xd hdi chii nghTa Irudc day, vdi md hinh kinh Id kd hoach hda tap trung, vdi chd dp cdng hihi dudi hai hinh thuc la toan dan va tap thd, nhd nudc ndm toan quydn didu hanh kinh td, phi thj trudng thi kinh td nhd nudc duong nhien giQ vj tri thdng tri, thdng soai, chu dgo, bao trum, mpt minh mdt san, ndm NghlSn ciiu Con nguiii stf 3(78) 2015 Thuc hien cdng bdng xd hdi giQ mpi ngudn iyc Nhung dd ndng thdn, phdn thu nhdp ciia hd gia dinh ndng ddn tu ddt (5%) van ldn hon phdn thu nhdp tu hpp ldc xd Trong khoang hon tiidp ky vQa qua, tdc dp phdt tridn kinh td ciia Viet Nam la Urong ddi nhanh, cac doanh nghidp nhd nudc du dugc ddnh gid Id cd ddng gdp quan trpng, tich cyc vdo sy phdt tridn dd, la ngudn ddng gdp ldn cho ngan sach Nhung ndu logi bd edc ydu td dugc uu ddi nhu la quydn, chinh sach, tin dung, co chd, thud sudt, co sd vat chdt ky thugt, ngudn nhdn luc vd tuong quan so sanh vdi cdc loai hinh doanh nghipp khdc thi nhiing ddng gdp dd se trd thdnh khidm tdn Nhu da ndi, kinh te nhd nudc ed pham vi rdng ldn gdm ca nhiing ydu td thd hien tidm ndng kinh td eua ddt nudc nhu ddl dai, tdi nguydn thidn nhidn, Idnh thd, sdng hd, thdm luc dja, vd cd nhQng ydu td dang dugc su dung Iryc tidp de phat tridn kinh td xa hpi nhu cdc cdng trinh hg tang, ngdn sdch, dy trQ qudc gia, cdc logi hinh doanh nghiep nhd nudc, va thuc td hidn d nudc ta thi cdc loai hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc la bd phdn chii chdt Mac dii vd mat quan didm Irong cac ky Dgi hdi cua Dang, vai tro chil dao ciia kinh td nha nudc dugc ly gidi la khdng phai d sd lugng nhidu hay it, tl trpng ddng gdp vdo tdng sdn phdm qudc ddn la cao hay thdp ma la d chd la luc lugng vat chdt quan trpng dd nhd nudc dieu tiet va djnh hudng nen kinh td, tao didu kipn va mdi trudng dd cac phdn kinh td phdt tridn Doanh nghidp nha nudc dugc xem Id cdng cy vat chdt quan frpng dd djnh hudng va didu liet kinh td vT md, ldm luc lugng ndng cdt de kinh td nha nudc cd thd thyc hidn dugc vai trd chii dgo ndn kinh te thj Irudng djnh hudng xa hpi chii nghTa, Id chit Iyc hpi nhdp kinh td qudc td, di ddu dp dung tidn bp khoa hpc cdng nghd, tdng ndng sudt, chdt lugng vd hipu qua kinh td xa hdi, di ddu frong vide chap hdnh phdt ludt, cdc ehii Iruong chinh sdch ciia Dang va nhd nudc Ndi tdm lai, kinh td nhd nudc ddng vai trd chii dao frong ndn kinh td thj trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghia, cdn cdc Iogi hinh doanh nghiep nhd nudc lai ddng vai trd Id lye lugng ndng edt chii luc kinh te nhd nudc Do vgy, ndi kinh td nha nudc ddng vai trd chii dao (bao gdm cac yeu id lidm nang lan ydu td hidn thyc dang dugc su dung) nhung frong thuc chat cac Ioai hinh doanh nghiep nhd nudc vdi tinh chat Id bd phdn quan frpng nhdt, quydt djnh nhat, chu ydu nhdt ciia kinh Id nhd nudc Cac loai hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc lgi ddng vai trd chu dao kinh td nhd nudc Cdc ydu td the hidn tidm ndng kinh td ciia ddt nudc mudn su dung dugc thi cung thudng phai thdng qua chung TQ thuc hidn ddi mdi ddn nay, kinh Id nhd nudc, cdc loai hinh doanh nghidp nha nudc Iudn dugc xem la ddng vai trd chu dgo it nhidu dd tao ndn sy bdt cdng bdng giQa edc logi hinh doanh nghidp khac nhau, cac thdnh phdn sd htiu, tao san choi bdt binh ddng ddi vdi cac logi hinh doanh nghiep khdc Didu dd tgo nen sy phat tridn khdng ddng bd giQa cdc loai hinh doanh nghidp, cdc phdn sd hiru, cdc thdnh phan kinh te Mpt ndn kinh td thj frudng phat tridn vdn minh, hipn dgi cd ca nhung doanh 5g NghlSn ctiu Con ngudi stf 3(78) 2015 Trdn Vdn Rdn vd Luang Dinh Hdi nghiep ldn lan nhung doanh nghiep vQa va nhd ed nhQng doanh nghidp nhd nudc lan doanh nghiep tu nhan, cd ca nhQng doanh nghidp dau tu nudc ngoai ldn cdc doanh nghidp lidn doanh, nhung ddu dugc binh dang trudc phdp luat, binh dang cde didu kidn, thu hut ngudn lye, co chd chinh sach, uu ddi tgo ndn mpt sdn choi cd cung mdt "ludt Id" chu khdng phdi nhu hien cac vi tri khac mpt san choi lgi cd nhung "ludt le" khdc bidl De dieu tidt vT md va djnh hudng nen kinh td, cde nudc khac trdn the gidi cung sQ dung cdc cdng cu tdi chinh tidn td, thud sudt, ngan sdch vd cdc cdng cu hd frg khdc, khdng can diing, khdng cdn ldy doanh nghiep nhd nudc giQ vai trd chu dao md cac chinh sdch xa hdi van dugc thyc hidn tdt, djnh hudng phdt tridn kinh td, xa hgi van dugc ddm bao Trong dd d Viet Nam, kinh td nhd nudc md ndng cdt Id cdc logi doanh nghidp nhd nudc dugc nhd nudc su dung vd dugc xem Id ddng vai Ird chu dao, nhung viec didu tiet vT md vd djnh hudng sy phdl tridn kinh te xd hpi nhidu ITnh vuc, d cac thdi ky khac khdng the hipn dugc sy vugt trpi so vdi cdc nen kinh te khac Tham chi thdi gian vua qua, mdt sd trudng hgp cdn de lai nhung he luy khd ludng nhu: Irudng hgp Vinashin va Vinalines, Tap dodn than khoang sdn, Tdng cdng ty Xdng ddu la nhiing minh chimg cu thd Tinh trgng kinh td hidn cua nude ta cd nguydn nhan d cho Id dd qud nhidu nam chiing ta dd cho kinh te nhd nudc dd chii ydu Id cdc logi hinh doanh nghiep nhd nudc ddng vai trd chu dgo, vd su dung chiing nhu la nhiing cdng cu kinh te chii ydu nhdt dd dieu lidt sy phdt tridn kinh td xa hpi, Iam cho cac quan he thj trudng bj meo md, tao didu kien va co hdi cho lgi ich nhdm lung doan ndn kinh td, cho cdc y mudn chu quan va nhiing quydt djnh dieu hanh khdng dung theo xu thd khach quan cua su phdl trien kinh Id xa hdi, md Ie khdng thd cd edc ndn kinh td thj trudng theo dung nghTa ciia nd Tinh trgng dd khidn cho ndn kinh Id thi trudng d nudc la cang meo md ldi Idm, Idm cho viec thyc hidn cdng bdng xa hpi ddi vdi cdc phdn kinh Id cdc khu vyc kinh td, cdc loai hinh doanh nghidp ndi chung cdng trd nen khd khdn vd bdt kha thi hon Tinh trang "nudc chay cho trung", nhu ddn gian van thudng gpi khd cd thd khdc phuc dugc md kinh td nhd nudc vdn dugc xac dinh Id ddng vai trd chu dao vd cdc Iogi hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc vdn dugc uu dai d khia canh ndy hay khia egnh khac Bk didu hdnh ndn kinh td, nha nudc su dung va cdn thidt phdi su dyng nhidu cdng cy khdc Trong nhd nudc phdp quydn xd hdi chu nghTa, phdp lugt dugc xem Id cdng cy chil ydu vd quan trpng hdng ddu quan ly kinh le xd hdi Cdc cdng cy chinh sach nhu tdi chinh tidn thud sudt, kd hoaeh, ti gia, la nhQng cdng cu khdng thd thieu bdn egnh cdng cu phdp ludt Cac cdng cu vat ehdt nhu ngan sdch, he thdng hg tang, dy trQ qudc gia cung Id nhQng cdng cu khdng thd thidu de didu lidl ndn kinh Id, chiing phai trd thdnh nhQng "hdng hda cdng", tao nhung didu kidn va mdi trudng dn djnh, tin cay d& cac chil thd kinh td cd thd phdl huy tdi da nang Iyc, hudng ho vdo vide ddng gdp cd hidu qua cho muc tidu phdt tridn ddt nudc Didu tidt ndn kinh te thj trudng cua nhd nudc NghiSn ciiu Con nguafs63(78) 2015 Thuc hien cong bdng xd hdi Id phdi ldm cho ndn kinh Id thi trudng bdt meo md, ldi lom, tranh can thidp tryc tidp vdo thi trudng Nhung ddng tiidi bdng cac cdng cu ciia minh han chd dugc nhQng mat trai cua ndn kinh td thj trudng dd cho ca ndn kinh td Ian ddi sdng xd hpi cd thd phat trien bdn vung ldu ddi Ndu van tidp tuc xem kinh td nhd nudc ddng vai frd chu dgo, cdc iogi hinh doanh nghidp nha nudc la cdng cu vat chdt quan frpng de didu tidt ndn kinh te, thi tat yeu vide uu ddi eho cac loai hinh doanh nghiep nhd nudc, tidp tuc ddu tu, tdi co cau, thgm chi xdy dung lgi xdy dyng them cdc doanh nghiep nhd nudc se vdn tdt ydu dugc tidp tyc Cdng bdng xd hdi doi vdi cac thdnh phdn, cdc khu vyc kinh le, cdc logi hinh doanh nghidp Id dieu khdng kha tiii va tdl ydu cdng bdng xd hdi ITnh vuc van tidp tyc bj meo md"*, sy phdt tridn cua kinh te, ngudi vd xa hpi se bj can trd Thyc hidn cdng bdng xd hdi ddi vdi cac thdnh phdn kinh td d nudc ta hidn nay, ro rang Id khdng phdi d chd tang cudng vai frd chu dgo ciia kinh te nhd nude ma la d vide ddi mdi, tdng cudng vai frd lanh dao ciia Ddng, quan Iy cua nhd nudc phii hgp vdi edc nguyen tdc, cdc quy luat ciia thj trudng Cd Ie dd la cdi quan frpng nhdt dd djnh hudng phat trien cac phdn vd cdc khu vyc kinh td, cac loai hlnh doanh nghidp khac nhau; dinh hudng vd thiic ddy cdc chii thd kinh td boat ddng hudng theo mot muc tidu thdng nhat, nhdt quan, ldu ddi xdy dyng ndn kinh te Ihj trudng dinh hudng xd hdi ehu nghTa Mdt mat, nhd nudc Id ngudi qudn ly todn bd nen kinh te qudc dan, nhung mat khdc, nha nude lai la ngudi sd hOu cdc loai hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc, dieu kien dy, nhd nudc khd cd ihd ddi xu binh ddng, cdng bdng vdi tat cd cdc logi hinh doanh nghiep khac Trong mdt vudn tre, ngudi bdo mau khdng thd khdng "uu ddi" cho cua hp frong quan he vdi nhQng dua fre khdc Chinh vi vdy, cd phdn hda cdc doanh nghidp nhd nudc , thay ddi chuc ndng eiia nhd nudc quan he vdi edc logi hinh doanh nghidp nhd nudc Id mdt nhiing didu kidn tdi quan trpng, cdn thiet Irong dieu kipn hidn cua nudc ta, dd thyc hidn cdng bdng xa hdi, vd tham chi dd ddn chii hda tript de ban nQa ITnh vyc hoat ddng kinh Id, de nudc ta cd the phdt tridn kinh td, ngudi vd xa hdi vdi tdc dp nhanh vd bdn vihig Cdc hinh thuc sd hiiu, cac phdn kinh td bao gdm cac logi htnh chii thd kinh te can ban nhdt eua xa hdi Cdng bang xd hdi se khdng day dii ndu khdng cd su cdng bdng giiia cdc chii thd kinh td, giua cdc hinh thuc sd hiru Sy phdt tridn cua tdt cd cdc chu tiid tao nen su phdt tridn ciia cac hinh Ihuc sd hiiu Sy phdt tridn ddng bp cua cdc hinh thQc sd hiiu la ndn tang cho su phat tridn xa hdi, cpng ddng, ngudi Tren mpt phuong dien nao quan he giita cfie doanh nghifp nuoc vfi nuoc ngofii thi vi^c nhfi nufirc uu dfii, tao dilu kien thufin lpi cho cfie doanh nghifip nuoc Ifi xfic dfing, nhung dfiy Ifi v4n de khfic, pham vi bfii nfiy chua th^ dl cap dupc Mpt nhihig ly co phfin h6a diln chfim chap hon mpt thfip ky qua nudc ta cd 16 ciing ca quan dilm kinh te nhfi nudrc chu d^o noi tren Tfit nhiln viec cd phfin h6a phfii dupc tiln hfinh mpt cfich khoa hpc, thich hap vdi dieu ki^n ciia Viet Nam, vi?c trfinh bj lung doan bdi cfie nhdm Ipi ich, minh b^ch, rO rfing, vi Igri iehqu6cgia,dan tpc vfi su phfit triln, chua ndi din khuon khd bfii viet nfiy 50 NgUSn ciiu Con ngudi stf 3(78) 2015 Trdn Vdn Rdn vd Luang Dinh Hdi Thuc hien edng bdng xa hdi ddi vdi cdc hinh thuc sd hiiu Id mdt didu kidn ddm bao cho sy phdt trien cua ddi song kinh td, xa hdi; vd sy phdt trien cua chiing lgi Id tidn dd vd didu kidn cho sy phdt fridn cua mdi ngudi, mdi cdng ddng va loan xa hdi Khdng the cd su phdt tridn ngudi thuc sy neu khdng thyc hidn dugc sy cdng bdng xa hdi vdi nhiing npi dung cu thd cua nd Thyc hidn cdng bdng xa hdi ddi vdi cac hinh thQc sd hiiu khdng phai chi vi muc lieu phdt trien cdc hinh thuc sd hiiu hay vi muc lidu phdt fridn kinh td thudn ma didu cdt yeu va cdn ban nhat la vi sy phdt tridn ngudi Chi cd nhu vdy ngudi mdi thyc sy la muc tidu vd ddng lye ciia su phat tridn Tai lieu tham khao Quang Can (2006), "Tiep tuc ddi mdi tu ve sd hthj xa hpi chii nghTa", Tap chi Cong sdn, Sd 16 Nguyen Trpng Chuan (2004), "Ddi mdi quan niem ve che dp sd hiiu va y nghTa chien lupc Clia su ddi mdi ddi vdi sy phat trien ciia Vi?t Nam hien nay" Tap chi Triet hgc, Sd 12 Nguyen Van Dang (2005), "Ma.y van de ve che dp sd hiiu va phan kinh te d nudc ta", T^p chi Cgng sdn, Sd 24 Pham Van Diic (2005), "Ddl mdi ve che dp sd hQu d Viet Nam: Mpt sd ca sd ly iuan", Tgp chi Triel hgc So Luang Dinh Hai (2005), "Xu hudng phfit friln ciia kinh te tu nhan d nudc ta hipn nay", Tap chi Tnit hgc, Sd 3, Luang Viet Hai (chu bien) (2008), Van di s& hiru vdphdt trien ben virng d Viet Nam vd Trung Qudc Irong nhung ndm ddu thi hi'XXI, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia Ha Npi LuongDinh Hai (2012),'*Ma vai si^ nghT vequan he d5i moi ldnh leva doi mdi diinh trj dnuc^ http://! 23.30.190.43:8080/tiengviet/tulieuvankien/tulieuvedang/details.asp?topic=168&su btopic=306&leaderjopic=867&id=BT851235087 (ngay 7/5/2012) Dam Kiln Lgp (2009), "Cdu quan h? sd huu, cac tinh chdt va xu hudng v^n dpng cua nd", Tgp chi Nghien ciru Kinh te, Sd 12 Ky ylu hpi nghj ciia Hpi ddng ly lugn Trung uang va Dai hpc Kinh tl qudc dan (2009), "Mo hinh kinh tl tdng quat thdi ky qua dp len chii nghTa xa hdi d Viet Nam: ca sd Iy iuan va thyc tien" 10 Tran Qudc Toan (2013), Ddi mdi quan he sd hiru ddt dai: Ly lugn vd thuc lien, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Npi NghiSn ctiu Con ngudi s6 3(78) 2015 j ... tridn Tai lieu tham khao Quang Can (2006), "Tiep tuc ddi mdi tu ve sd hthj xa hpi chii nghTa", Tap chi Cong sdn, Sd 16 Nguyen Trpng Chuan (2004), "Ddi mdi quan niem ve che dp sd hiiu va y nghTa... NghiSn Cliu Con ngudi so 3(78) 2015 Trdn Vdn Rdn vd Lucmg Dinh Hdi nudc la rdt cdn thidt va la ydu cdu khdch quan Kinh td tap thd, md theo tinh thdn frong cdc Van kidn, ndng cdt la hgp tac xd, thi... ydu dt Irong viec djnh hudng ndn kinh td ndi chung Cd Id cdn ldu cdc hgp tac xd vd khu vuc kinh td'hgp tac xa d nudc ta mdi cd dugc vj thd vd vai trd nhu cac Vdn kidn mong mudn Kinh nghidm cdc