Thông tin tài liệu
vl Su- tac dong cua nhom loi ich den thyc hien cong bSng xa hoi doi vdi cac phan kinh te Nguyen Thi Lan Hirong Tdm iSt: Bai vidt phan tich sir chi phdi ciia nhom lpi ich den viec thuc hien cdng bing xa hpi (CBXH) ddi vdi cac phin kinh te (TPKT) tai Viet Nam hien Sir chi phoi cua nhom Ipi ich ddn thirc hien CBXH ddi vdi cac TPKT bidu hien cac ITnh virc nhu dat dai, tai chinh, tien te, dau tu Tur nhftng phdn tich ve sir chi phdi cua nhom Ipi ich den thirc hien CBXH ddi vdi cac TPKT, bai viet cung chi mdt s6 nguyen nhan chu yeu ciia tinh trang do, ddng thdi gai y mpt sd giai phap nham han che va tien tdi loai bo sir chi phdi cua nhom lai ich den viec thuc hien CBXH ddi vdi cac TPKT Tir khdm Lpi ich nhom, nhom Ipi ich, cdng bang xa hoi, binh dang ve ca hdi, phan kinh te Md dau hop, mpt nhom nguai nao Tren thuc tS, S\r tdc dpng ciia nhom Ipi ich ddn vide lgi ich nhom la khai niem thudng dugc sii tfauc faidn CBXH ddi vdi cac TPKT la mot dung tuong quan voi hai khai niem faifn tupng can dupc quan tam Nghidn cuu khac la lgi ich ca nhan va lgi ich toan the mdi quan hp khdng cfai co tim quan (lgi ich xa hoi) Lgi ich nhom thS hiSn hpng vd mat ly Iuan ma dap iing nfaiing quan he Iffi ich giGa ca nhan vai nh6m ddi fadi hue xuc td tfauc tidn, nhit la hong nguoi va toan th6 (xa hoi) Vi th8, bdi canh dat nudc ta dang budc vao cdng nghien ciiu su chi ph6i cua nhom lgi ich euOc cdi cacfa sdu rpng ndn kinh td Tfairc td dSn thuc hien cong bang xa hgi (CBXH) cfao thiy, mdt ndn kinfa td da thanfa pfain cfai d6i vdi cac p h t o kinh t^ (TPKT), CO tfad pfaat trien lanfa manfa va mang Igi chiing toi sS tap tnmg nhilu hon vao cac nhimg hieu qua kinfa td - xa fadi to Idn kfai quan he lgi ich - mgt nhung quan hS cae TPKT dupc ddi xu mpt cacfa cdng bdng quan trgng nhat cua m6i quan he giaa Chuifa vi tfad, vide xem xet, kfaao cuu sir chi nguai va nguoi xa hgi ph6i cua nfaom lpi icfa ddn tfauc faien CBXH Co nhiSu each p h t o loai lgi ich, theo ddi vdi cac TPKT eua Viet Nam hidn la cac tieu chi va llnh vuc hay chu thS lgi ich didu fadt sue cin tfaidt Lpi ich nhom va nhdn Ipi ich Lgi ich nhdm (group interest), hidu mdt ' ' ^'^" ^'' V'?" Trifit hpc, Vien Hkn lam Khoa hpc oSch dan gian nhit; la lai ich oua mot tap D T - o s n t S E^ail: la»h„o„g591h@yahoo.» 62 Sg tdc ddng cua nhdm lgi ich ma ngudi ta phan loai lpi ich thanh: lpi ich kinh td, lpi ich chinh tri, lpi ich van hoa, Ipi ich cfainh dang hay khdr^ chinh dang, Ipi ich ciia ngudi nong dan, lpi ich cua ngudi edng nhdn, lpi ich ciia ngudi san xudt, kinh doanh, lpi ieh cua nha tu ban Vi tfad ciing ton tgi nhidu nfadm lpi icfa xa hpi Dieu hda mdi quan he giiia cac nfadm xa fapi cd vai trd toi quan trpng Vide giai quydt kfadng tot cae moi quanfadlpi icfa la i ^ d n gdc cua nhiing mau thuan, bat dn khdng ehi ITnfa vuc kinfa td ma eon tit ca cac liiih vuc khac cua ddi song xa hpi Cach tfauc gidi quydt cdc mdu tfaudn Ipi ich cd thd bidn Ipi ich tfaanh dpng Iuc ddi vdi thuc hidn cong bdng xa hpi, phat tridn xa hpi hodc ngupc lai Nhdm lai ich (interest group) la kfadi nidm khdng tdeh rdi lpi icfa nhdm Nhdm lpi ich cd tfad dupc faieu vdi ngfaia: Thir nhdt, nhom Ipi ich Id su phdn logi ede lgi ich ed cimg tidu chi Chdng han nhu nfaom Ipi icfa kinh td hay nfadm lpi ich chinfa tri Thli hai, nhom lgi ich Id ede nhdm ngu&i eung ehung nhirng lgi ich Cdc nhdm chu tfad lpi icfa co dpng ca, pfauong thdc hanfa dpng kfaac song ddu co chung muc tieu la nhiing lpi icfa mafaphudng den Cong bdng xa hoi giii^ cac TPKT Th\rcfaienCBXH ddi vdi cdc TPKT cda Viet Nam hidn la mpt doi hoi cap bach bdi canh chung ta dang hudng tdi xdy dung mdt ndn kinh td thi trudng (KTTT) dinfafaudngxd hdi cfau ngfaia (XHCN) Didu dd cd ngfaia la phdi xdy dung dupe ndn kinh td vdn faanh theo dung eac quy lugt cua KTTT, ddng thdi khong xa rdi muc tieu chu nghia xa hpi (CNXH) Dd dgt dupc muc tidu thi can thuc hidn tot CBXH ddi vdi cdc TPKT Tfauc faidn CBXH ddi vdi cac TPKT la tfauc hien binh ddng vd cofapiphat tridn giiia cac TPKT va thucfaidnphan pfadi cong bdng giua cdc TPKT Binfa ddng giua cac TPKT vd co hdi dupcfaidula binh ddng viec tiip can cdc ca hdi, bidu hidn d qi^in dugc tiep can, tham gia vdo cde hogt ddng kinh te, cu thd la quydn duoc sdn xudt, kinfa doanfa nhiing mat hang, Imfa vuc md chu the kinfa td ed kha nang midn la khong vi pfaam Iuat; la vide khdng phdn biit ddi xu giira cdc thdnh phdn kinh ti vide tiep can eac ngudn lire Cac nguon lue bao gdm nguon lire tu nfaidn va ngudn Iuc xafapinfau: vdn, tai nguyentiiidnnfaidn, lao dpng, khoa hpc cdng ngfad, he thdng cfainfa sacfa cua Dang va Nhd nudc, trinh dp dan tri, may moc, hay cdc quanfadquoc te TfaucfaienCBXH ddi vdi cdc TPKT Id tfauc hidn phan pfadi cdng bdng Pfadn pfadi COfaainpi dung la pfadn pfadi cai gi va pfadn pfadi theo nguyen tde nao Nha nudc vdi cfadc ndng didu tidt phdi pfaan pfadi, dudi dgng pfaan bd cdc nguon Iuc (cdc logi vdn dit dai, tai nguyen, tidn, CO sdfaating ) mdt cacfa cong bdng Cac chinh sach kinh td cua Nha nudc pfaai dam bao quydn Bdt cong xuit faidn neu cfainh sdch, co cfad va tfad cfad co su tfaidn vi, uu tidn ddi vdi TPKT va kfaong uu tidn ddi vdi TPKT khac Sir tac dpng cua nhdm Ipi ich den thuc hidn CBXH doi vdi cac TPKT Su bit cdng kinfa te thd hidn rat da dang Trudc hdt la su bit cdng giiia TPKT vdi TPKT khae, tidp can ngudn 63 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd 5(90) - 2015 luc Do Id bdt cdng giiia cac chu the hong cung mot TPKT, ( e l ^ g fagn giiia kinh td tu nfadn lmh virc lira tfadng vdi kmfa td tu nfadn linfa vue san xuit) Id bdt cdng cimg mdt ngdnh nghi hnh doanh vd sdn xudt (nhu hudng hpp giiia cdc doanh ngfaiep nho va vua vdi cdc doanfa nghidp ldn, hay cac doanh nghidp ddu tu true tidp nudc ngodi (FDI) vdi cae doanh nghidp tu nfadn nudc ) S\i tdc dpng cua nhdm lpi icfa ddn tidp c ^ vd phan bd ngudn luc bidu faidn ro mOt sd ITnfa vuc nhu dit dai, tai nguyen tfaidn nfaidn, vdn, kfaoa fapc - cdng nghd Trong ITnfa vuc dit dai, mac du cac cfainfa sacfa ddu tu ddu kfadng dinfa su binfa dang giiia cdc TPKT tidp can vdi ddt dai, song trdn th\rc td doanh nghidp nha nudc van nfadn duoc su uu tien nfaieu faon cac doanfa ngfaidp tu nfadn Nhung kfadi kinfa td cdng ngfaipp dupc tidp can cac ngudn lire tfau|tn lpi hon va dupc hudng nfaieu uu dai faon so vdi kfaoi kinh td nong nghiep (cac fad kinfa te ca the, nhung doanh ngfaiep ndng ngfaipp) Vi du, faoat dpng tfau hoi ddt cfao d\r an, tinfa trgng dy an treo kfad pfad bidn, didu da dan ddn lam ton hai lpi ich cua ndng dan Nhimg manh dit "bd xoi rupng mgt" de hoang hoa cfao cd mpc, kfai ngudi ndng dan tfai kfaong co rudng de sdn xuat Sd lupng lao dpng dupc tfau ngp vdo cdc kfau cong ngfaidp la cfaua tuong ximg vdi nfaung tdn fagi ma cu dan tai nhiing khu vuc eo du an phai ganfa cfaiu Nfaiing lao dpng co dupc vide Iam tgi cac nha mdy chu ydu d dp tudi vang, dd phin Idn nhdng ngudi da qua tudi nhung van co kha nang dong gdp cho xa 64 fapi lgi nfaan roi Bdn canh dd cdn la nhthig fad luy mdi trudng md ngudi va sinfa v^t d nhdng viing cd nha may phai ganh ehiu Nfaiing fad luy cd nguydn nfaan d sy uu di qua miic ddi vdi mpt sd TPKT NhiSu doanh nghiep vi Igi ich ciia minh tim mpi each cd duoc du dn, cd dupc ddt dai bit chip kha nang dau tu ban chd cua hp DSt dai trd tfaanfa tai san tu nfaan, tfaanfa m^t lo?i faang faoa sidu lpi nfauan Chi can "chuyin giao", Iai cho ngudi khac thi nha diu tu co thd thu vd nhung mon lpi nhudn kfa6ng 16 Mpt sd nfadm lpi ich cfainfa co quan cdng quydn ciing giau Idn nhanfa cfadng bdi cac mdn faoa fadng, bdi nfaihig Id dit mua re dd don diu du dn dudi mpi hmh thdc Hp khong cfai muu cdu Ipi ich cho ridng hp ma cdn cfao nhiing ngudi than, cfao nhiii^ ngudi "cimg hdi cung thuyen" vdi hp Nhung nhom lpi icfa xdu xe tai nguyen dat nudc va pfauong tidn san xudt ciia nguiri ndng dan Do la su bat cong xa hpi giiia die TPKT, d ddy ngudi thidt thoi la nhung hp kinh td ca thd, cu the la ngudi nong ddn mat dat dai Trong tiip can ngudn vdn tidn t?, cac cb'nh sdch tdi cfainfa - tidn cfaua thyc s\r tgo sir cong bdng giiia cdc TPKT, ca tir pfauong dien cfainh sach va th\rc hi?n cfainfa sach Chi nfaung doanh nghidp n ^ nudc mci dupe vay vdn ho trp pfaat trien chinfa tfauc (ODA), ciing cfai cdc doanh nghidp nfaa nudc mdi duoc pfaep vay hang nghin ty ddng md khdng cdn phdi cd nhOcg cam kdt rang bupc chgt che vd mdt p h ^ \% Doanh nghiep tu nhdn cdnh kfadn ldi6 Iai eang quan bdch hon kfai ngdn hang doi hoi nhiing dieu kidn cho vay rdt ng$t ngheo Su tdc ddng cOa nhom lgi ich Thdm chi mdt sd can bd ngdn hdng cdn nhiing nhieu doanh nghidp V\i giam ddc chi nhdnh ngan hang ddu Ur (BIDV) Hdi Phdr^* phdi trudc vanh mdng ngua la mpt vi du Thd nhung, v\i vide duac phanh phui tfai doanh nghipp ciing didu dung vi bi cac ngdn hang tdy chay Trong tiep can khoa hgc - cdng nghi, su uu ddi vdi TPKT nha nudc thd hidn rdt ro d cho vide duypt cfao vay vdn kha dd dang vdi cdc doanh nghiep nhd nudc Trong dd, cac TPKT ngoai nha nudc thi tu xoay sd, dupc hudng rdt it cac chinh saeh uu ddi Trong ITnh vuc nay, Ipi ieh nhom len ldi vao mpi cap dp vdi mpifainfatfauc nfaung tat ca chi nhdm mue tidu tdi da hoa lpi ich eua mpt nhdm xa hdi Viec cdc co sd cdng ich nhu bpnh vipn, trudng hpc mua thidt bi lac hgu dupc tdn trang Iai y td va nhieu nganh khac dupc bdo chi phanh phui da cho thiy sy cdu kdt cd he thdng cua cdc nfadm Ipi icfa Trdn binh didn vT md, sy dpc quydn, chuyen gia, trdn tfaud cua mpt sd doanfa ngfaipp FDI khdng chi gdytiiipthgi, thdt thu cho Nfaa nudc, ma edn diy san xuat nudc tdi cho dmh don vd chet ydu Su cfai phdi cua cac nfadm lpi ich da gop phin tgo ndn sy meo md Imh vyc phdn phdi Khi tinh ddn nhiing ddng gdp va uu ddi cua cac TPKT dudng nhu ngudi ta Id di nhung uu dai, tham chi la qua mdc, md mpt sd thanfa phdn kinfa td dupc faudng C6t I5i cua kinfa te la tinh hidu qud, co nghia la sd dung tdt nhdt cac ngudn luc, tgo nhidu gid trj nhit vdi mot sd lupng ngudn Iyc it nhit Thd nhung, dd bien minh cfao su Idng phi, kdm hipu qua cua mpt sd doanh nghipp nhd nudc, ngudi ta lgi cho ring nhiing doanh nghidp kidu ndy phai thyc hidn vai trd xa hpi, thuc hidn nfaiem vu cfainfa tri ben eanh vide thucfaidnchuc nang kinh te la tao Ipi nhudn CJ ddy, vdn tfin tai sy nhdp nhdi^ vd vai hd ciia kinh td nha nudc va chiic nang kinh td cua nfaa nudc Chuc nang kinh td cua nha nudc la qudn Iy, didu tidt ndn kinh td vT md DT nfaidn, nfaa nudc van cd nhiing doanh nghiep xa hpi, doanfa nghidp khong ddt vdn dd lpi nhudn ldn hang ddu md ddt vdn dd pfauc vu xafapildn hang diu Ddy Id nhung doanfa nghidp dupc thanfa lap dd tfaucfaidnsdn xudt, kinh doanh nhung Iinh vuc ma tu nhdn kfadng tfad dam duong dupc Doanfa ngfaidp xd hpi khdng phai la nhiing tap dodn ldn dupc hudng quydn uu dai vd khdi lupng ngudn Iuc khdng Id nhung lam an kem hidu qua *'' Trong cac ngky 28 va 29/5/2012, T6a ka nhSn d^n Tp Ha Ndi dS dira cac bj cao Dokn Tien Dung (SN 1956), nguyen tdng giam doc BIDV va Tr5n Thj Thanh Binh (SN 1973), nguyen ph6 giam ddc BIDV Hai Phdng x6t xir vh toi "Loi dyng chuc vu, quygn han gay ^ h huong ddi v6i ngudi khac de true Ipi" Thdi dilm nam 2008 - 2009, Unh hinh kinh tg chung ciia thg gidi va Vi|t Nam dang bj suy tho^ RSt nhieu doanh nghidp gap khd kham xuSt khau h^g hda, tign vay ngan hang thi den han tra np, nhung khdng thl cd vdn dl tra Trong bdi cknh do, thdi gian lam Giam ddc Ngan hang BIDV Hai Phdng, Doan Tign DQng dSi giki quyet cho Cong ty cd ph§n Dft may xuSt khiu Hai Phdng vk Cdng ty Trach nhiem h&u h^n V.K Hai Phdng ong Hoang V ^ Khanh lam Tdng Giam ddc, vay hon 45 ty ddng, Adng qua hpp ddng tin dung d^ han bing hbih Ihuc thg chip tai san Loi dyng kfai doanfa nghiep dang roi vao canh kho kh^, Doan Tign DQng luon thiic ep cdng ty cua dng Khanh phai tra ng, ngu khdng sS phai ehuygn nhupng t^ san dg tit toan Lpi dung chuc vu, quygn h^n, £>oan Tien Dung dS ep doanh nghifp phai dua tien **bdi tron", sau dd mdi chi dao cap dudi giai ngan Day la vy an cd nhOng tinh tilt d$c bift khiln du lu|n quan tim bdi m$t mdi quan hf cung rSt d|c bift: Doarih n^ifp vd 65 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hoi Vi?t Nam, sd 5(90) - 2015 Iyc Dd eon la bdt cdng giiia eac chu the ciing mdt TPKT, (ching hgn giua kinh td tu nfadn Iinfa vyc luu tfadng vdi kinfa td tu nfadn ITnfa vuc san xudt), la bdt cdng citng mdt ngdnh nghe hinh doanh vd sdn xudt (nfau trudng hpp giiia cae doanfa ngfaidp nfad va vua vdi cac doanfa ngfaidp Idn, faay cdc doanh ngfaidp diu tu tryc tidp nudc ngoai (FDI) vdi cdc doanfa ngfaidp tu nhdn nudc ) Sy tdc dpng cua nfaom Ipi icfa ddn tidp cgn vd phan bd ngudn Iyc bidu faidn ro mpt sd ITnfa vyc nfau ddt dai, tai nguydn tfaidn nfaidn, von, khoa hpc - cdng ngfad Trong Imfa vyc dat dai, mac du cae cfainfa sdcfa diu tu deu kfadng dinfa sy bmfa ddng gifia cdc TPKT tidp can vdi dit dai, song trdn tfayc td doanfa ngfaipp nha nudc van nfadn dupc su uu tidn nfaidu faon cdc doanfa ngfaidp tu nfadn Nfaimg kfadi kinh td cdng nghidp dupc tidp can cae ngudn Iyc thugn lpi hon va dupc hudng nhidu uu dai faon so vdi kfadi kinfa td ndng ngfaiep (cac fap kinfa td ed thd, nhung doanh nghiep ndng ngfaipp) Vi du, boat dpng tfau hdi ddt cfao dy dn, tmh trang dy dn treo kfaa pfad bidn, dieu da ddn ddn lam tdn fagi lpi ieh cua ndng ddn Nhfing manfa dit "bd xoi rupng mgt" dd hoang fada cfao cd mpc, kfai dd ngudi ndng dan tfai khdng co rupng de san xudt Sd Iupng lao dpng dupc thu nap vdo cdc khu cdng ngfaidp la cfaua tuong xiing vdi nhQng ton hgi ma cu ddn tgi nhiing khu vyc cd dy an phdi ganfa cfaiu Nfaiing Iao ddng cd duoc vide Iam tgi cac nfaa mdy chu ydu d dp tudi vdng, dd phin Idn nhfing ngudi da qua tudi nhung van cd kha ndng ddng gop eho xd 64 fapi Iai nhan roi Ben cgnh eon la nhiing he lyy mdi trudng ma ngudi va smh v$t d nhung vung co nfaa may pfaai gdnh chju Nhung he luy cd nguydn nhdn d su uu qua muc ddi vdi nipt sd TPKT Nhi^ doanfa ngfaidp vi Ipi icfa cua minfa tim moi cacfa CO duoc d y an, cd dupc ddt dai bit cfadp kfaa nang ddu tu fagn cfad cuafap.D^t dai trd tfaanfa tai sdn tu nfaan, tfaanh mdt lo?i hang faoa sieu lai nhudn Chi can "chuy^ giao", lgi cfao ngudi khac thi nha diu tu co thd tfau vd nfafing mdn lod nfauan khong li Mpt sd nfadm Ipi icfa cfainh co quan cdng quydn ciing gidu ldn nhanh cfadng b6i cde mdn faoa fadng, bdi nhiing Id ddt mua re dd don ddu du dn dudi mpi hinh thdc Hp khdng chi muu cdu lpi ieh cho ridng fap ma cdn cfao nfadng ngudi than, cho nhiing ngudi "cung fadi cung thuydn" vdi hp Nhttng nhom Ipi ieh ndy xdu xe tai nguyen dat nudc vd pfauong tidn sdn xuit ciia ngudi ndng ddn Dd Id sy bat c d i ^ xd hdi gitta die TPKT, d day ngudi thidt thoi la nhung ^ kinh td ca thd, cu thd la ngudi nong dan mit ddt dai Trong tiip can ngudn vdn tien tf, cac chinfa sach tdi chinh - tien te ehua thyc su tgo sy cdng bdng giiia cdc TPKT, ca tit phuong didn ehinh sdcfa va thyc hi^ chinh sacfa Chi nhiing doanh nghifp nhS nudc mdi dupe vay v6n hd trp phat tri^ ehinh thdc (ODA), cung chi cac doanh nghidp nhd nudc mdi dupc pfaep vay hang nghin ty ddng ma khdng cin phai co nhung cam kdt rdng bupc chat che vd mgt p h ^ lyDoanh nghidp tu nhdn canh khon khii lgi cang quin bach hon kfai ngan faang doi hoi nhung fidu kien cho vay rdt ngdt n g ^ Sut^ ddngcuanhdm lgi ich Tfaam chi mpt sd can bd i^an hang edn nhiing nhieu doanh nghidp Vu giam ddc chi nhdnh ngan hang ddu tu (BIDV) Hdi Phdng phdi trudc vanh mdng ngya la mpt vi du Thd nhung, vu vide dupc phanh phui tfai doanh nghiep ciing didu dling v\ bi cac ngdn hang tiy chay Trong tiip can khoa hgc - cong nghe, sy uu ddi vdi TPKT nha nudc thd hien rdt ro d cho viec duyet cho vay vdn khd dd dang vdi cac doanh nghiep nhd nude Trong dd, cac TPKT ngoai nha nudc thi ty xoay sd, dupc hudng rdt it cae chinh sdch uu dai Trong Hnh vyc nay, lpi icfa nfadm len ldi vao mpi cap dp vdi mpi hinh thuc nhung tit ea chi nhdm muc tidu tdi da hda lpi ich eiia mpt nhom xa hpi Vide cdc co sd cdng ich nfau bdnh vidn, tntdng hpc mua thidt bi lgc hgu dupc tan trang lai y td va nhidu nganh khac dupc bao chi phanh phui da cho thay sy eau ket cd he thdng ciia cac nhdm Ipi ich Tren binh dien vT md, sy ddc quydn, chuydn gid, trdn thud cua mpt sd doanh nghidp FDI khdng cfai gay tfaidtfagi,tfait tfau eho Nha nudc, ma cdn day sdn xuat nudc tdi chd £nh ddn va chdt ydu Sy chi phdi cua cae nfadm loi ieh da gdp phdn tgo ndn sy meo md Imh vuc phdn phdi Khi tinh ddn nhfing ddng gdp va uu dai cua cac TPKT dudng nfau ngudi ta Id di nhiing uu dai, thdm chi Id qua muc, md mdt sd phin kinh td dupc hudng Cdt Idi ciia kinh td la tinfa hidu qua, cd nghta la su dung tdt nhat cac ngudn lyc, tao nhieu gia tri nhat vdi mot so lupng ngudn lyc tt nhit Thd nhung, dd bidn minh cfao sy ldng [dli, kem hipu qua cua mpt sd doanh ngfaipp nha nudc, ngudi ta lai cho rdng nhiing doanh n ^ ^ kidu n ^ pfaai tfayc hidn vai trd xd hpi, thyc hidn nhidm vu cdiinh tri ben canh videtiiychien chuc ndi^ kinh te la tgo Ipi nhugn O day, van tdn tgi su nhap nhdng vd vai tro ciia kinh tk nha nudc va cfaiic ndng kinh td cua nfaa nudc Chuc ndng kinh td ciia nhd nudc la quan Iy, didu tidt ndn kinh te vT md DT nhidn, nhd nudc vdn cd nhiing doanfa nghidp xa hdi, doanh ngfaidp kfadng dat ywi dd lpi nfauan ldn faang diu ma ddt vdn dd pfauc vu xa hpi ldn hai^ diu Day Id nfam^ doanh nghidp dupc thanfa lgp dd thuc hidn san xuit, kinh doanh nhiing ITnh vyc ma tu nfadn khdng tfad dam duong dupc Doanh nghidp xa hdi khdng phdi la nfaiiag tap dodn ldn dupc hirdng quydn uu dai va khdi lupng ngudn lyc kfadng Id nhung lam an kem hidu qua '" Trong cac 28 va 29/5/2012, Toa an nfaan dan Tp Ha Ndi da dua cac bi cao Doan Tiln E)ung (SN 1956), nguygn |^d tdng giam ddc BIDV va TiSn Thj Thanh Binh (SN 1973), nguyen [Ad giam ddc BIDV Hai Phmig xet xu ve tdi "L^i dyng chijfc vy, quyen ban ^ y anh hudng ddi vdt ngutri khac dl tryc Ipi" Thdi diem n^m 2008 - 2009, tinh hinh kinh tl cbung cua the gidi va Vift Nam dang bi suy tbo^ Rit nhieu doanh nghifp gip khd khSn Idii xuat khdu hang hoa, kfai dd tiai vay ngan hang tbi doi fa^n tra np, nfatmg khong ifai cd vdn dl tra Trong bdi canh dd, thdi gian Iam Giam ddc Ngan hang BIDV Hai Phdng, Doan Tien Dung da giai quylt die Cdng ty cd pfa^ Dft may xu^ khiu Hai V\^g \k C«ig ty Tradi nhifmfaiiuban V.K Hai Phdng dng Ho^g V&n Khanh lam Tdng Giam ddc, vay faon 45 t^ ddng, thdng qua hpp d ^ g tin dyng dai ban t ^ g hinh thuc the cfaSp tai san Lpi dung kfai doanh nghifp dang roi vao canh khd khan, E>oan Tign Dung iudn tfauc ep cdng ty cua dng Khanfa pfaai tra np, ngu khdng s€ pfaai cfauygn nhupng tai san de tit toan Lpi dung cfaiirc vu, quyen han, E>o^ T i ^ Diing da ep doanh nghifp phai dua tien "bdi tran", sau dd moi chi dao cip dudi giai ngao Day la vy an cd nhiing tinh tik d ^ bift khiln du lupn quan tam bdi mpt mdi quanfafciing rit d|c biet: Doanh n ^ ^ va 65 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, sd 5(90) - 2015 Iyc Dd edn Id bit cdng gjua cac ehu thd tiong cimg mot TPKT, (chdng ban gifia kinfa td tu nhdn lmh vyc luu thdng vdi kinh td tu nhdn lihh vyc san xuat), la bdt cdng cimg mdt ngdnh nghe kinh doanh vd sdn xudt (nhu tnrdng hpp gjtta cac doanh n ^ d p nfao va viia vdi cac doanfa ngfaidp ldn, faay cdc doanfa nghiep ddu tu true tiep nudc ngodi (FDI) vdi cac doanh nghidp tu nhdn nudc ) Sy tac dpng cua nhdm lm ich den tidp can va pfadn bd ngudn lyc bidu hidn rd mpt sd ITnh vye nfau dat dai, tdi nguydn tfaidn nfaien, von, khoa fapc - cdng ngfad Trong ITnh vye dit dai, mac du cdc chinfa sacfa diu tu ddu khdng dinh su binh ddng giira cdc TPKT tidp cgn vdi ddt dai, song tren tfayc td doanfa ngfaidp nfad nudc van nhgn duoc sy uu tidn nhidu faon cac doanfa ngfaidp tu nfaan Nfaimg khdi kinfa td cdng ngfaidp dupc tidp can cdc ngudn lyc tfaudn Ipi faon vd dupc faudng nfaidu uu dai faon so vdi kfaoi kinfa td ndng ngfaidp (cac fad kinh td ea the, nhfing doanh nghidp ndng ngfaipp) Vi du, faoat dpng tfau fadi dit cfao dy dn, tinfa trgng dy an treo kfaa pfao bidn, didu dd dd dan ddn lam ton faai lpi icfa ciia nong ddn Nfafing manfa dit "bd xoi rupng mat" dd hoang hda cho cd mpc, ngudi ndng ddn thi kfadng cd mpng dc sdn xuat Sd lupng Iao dpng dupc thu nap vao cac kfau cdng ngfaidp la cfaua tuong xung vdi nhimg ton hai ma cu ddn tai nhihig khu vyc co dy an phii ganfa chiu Nhiing Iao dpng cd dupc vide Iam tgi cac nfaa may chu ydu d dp tudi vang, phin ldn nfaimg ngudi da qua tudi nfaung van cd kha ndng dong gdp cho xa 64 fadi Iai nhdn rdi Ben canh dd cdn Id nfattng fad luy mdi trudng ma ngudi va sinh vat d nhiing viing cd nhd may phai ganh ehiu, Nhung he luy cd nguydn nhdn d sy uu di qua mue ddi vdi mpt sd TPKT Nhi^ doanfa ngfaiep vi Ipi ich ciia minh tim mpi each cd duac dy dn, cd dupc ddt dai b§t chip kfad nang ddu tu ban chd cua hp D^t dai trd thdnfa tai sdn tu nhan, tfaanh mdt lo^i hang fada sidu loi nfauan Chi cdn "chuy6n giao", Iai cho ngudi khac thi nhd diu hr eo thd thu vd nhung mdn lpi nhudn kfadng Id Mpt sd nfadm loi ich cfainfa co quan cdng quydn ciing gidu ldn nfaanfa ehong bdi cac mon hoa hong, bdi nfaung Id dit mua r6 dd don diu dy dn dudi mpi fainfa tfadc Hp kfadng chi muu cdu loi ich eho ridng hp mii cdn cho nhttng ngudi thdn, cfao nhiing ngudi "cimg hpi cung thuydn" vdi hp Nhfing nfaom Ipi icfa xdu xe tai nguyen ddt nudc va pfauong tidn sdn xudt cda nguoi ndng dan Dd la su bat cdng xd hpi gifta cac TPKT, d day ngudi thidt thoi Id nhimg ho kinh td cd tfad, cu thd la ngudi ndng ddn m^ dit dai Trong tiip can ngudn vdn tidn tf, cac chinfa sach tai chinfa - tidn td ehua thyc sir tao su cdng bdng giiia cac TPKT, ca tii pfauong didn cfainh sach vd thyc hi^ cfainh sdcfa Cfai nfaiing doanh nghipp iM nudc mdi duac vay vdn ho trp pfadt trien cfainh thuc (ODA), cung chi cdc doanh i^hidp nfaa nudc mdi dupc pfaep vay hang ngfain ty ddng ma khdng can phai cd nhiing cam kdt rang bupc chat cfae vd mdt p h ^ lyDoanh nghiep tu nhan cdnh kh6D kho Igi cang qudn bach faon kfai ngdn hang doi hoi nhfing didu kien cho vay rdt i^^t ngheo Sg tdc ddng cua nhdm lgi ich Thdm chi mdt s6 can bd ngdn hang cdn nhimg nhidu doanfa nghidp Vy giam ddc cfai nhdnh ngdn hang diu tu (BIDV) Hai Phdng phai trudc vdnh mong ngya la mpt vi du The nhung, kfai vy vide dupe pfaanh phui thi doanh ngfaidp ciing dieu dling vi bi cdc ngan hang tiy chay Trong tiip can khoa hgc - edng nghe, sy uu ddi vdi TPKT nha nudc thd hien rdt ro d cho vide duydt cho vay vdn kfaa dd dang vdi cac doanh nghidp nfad nudc Trong kfai do, cac TPKT ngoai nha nudc tfai ty xoay sd, dupe hudng rit it cac chinfa sach uu dai Trong llnh vyc nay, lpi ich nhom len loi vdo mpi cap dp vdi mpi hinh thuc nhung tdt ca chi nhim muc tidu tdi da hoa lpi ich cua mpt nfaom xafapi.Vide cac ca sd cdng icfa nhu benfa vien, trudng hpc mua thidt hi lgc hgu duac tan trang Iai y td vd nfaidu nganh khac duac bao chi phanh phui da cho tfady sy cau ket cdfadthong ctia cac nhdm lpi ich Trdn binh didn vT md, sy dpc quydn, cfauyen gia, trdn thud cua mpt sd doanh nghidp FDI kfadng cfai gay tfaiftfagi,that thu cfao Nha nudc, ma cdn ddy sdn xudt nudc tdi chd dinh don va cfadt ydu Sy cfai pfadi cua cac nhom loi ich da gop phdn tao ndn sy meo mo Imfa vyc pfaan phdi Khi tinh ddn nhiing dong gdp vd uu dai cua cac TPKT dudng nfau ngudi ta Id di nfaung uu dai, th$m chi la qua mdc, ma mpt sd tfaanh phdn kinfa td dupc faudng Cdt loi cua kinh td Id tinfa faieu qua, cd ngfaTa la su dung tdt nfaat cae ngudn lyc, tgo nhieu gia tri nhdt vdi mpt sd luong ngudn Iyc it nhdt Thd nhung, dd bidn minfa cfao sy ldng phi, kem hipu qud ciia mpt so doanh nghipp nha nudc, ngudi ta lai cho ring nfaiing doanh nghiep kidu phai thyc faidn vai tro xa hpi, thyc hien nhidm vu cfamh tri ben canfa vide thyc hidn cfauc nang kinfa td Id tao Ipi nfauan C) ddy, vdn tdn tai sy nhap nhing vd vai tro cua kinh td nhd nudc va cfauc ndng kinfa td cua nhd nudc Cfauc nang kinfa td cua nha nudc la quan ly, didu tidt ndn kinfa te vT md DT nhidn, nha nudc vin cd nfairng doanh nghidp xa fapi, doanfa nghidp khong ddt vdn dd lpi nhuan ldn hang dau ma dat van de phuc vu xafapildn hdng diu Ddy Id nhiing doanh ngfaidp dupc tfaanfa lgp dd tfaycfaidnsdn xudt, kinh doanh nfaiing linh vuc ma tu nhdn khdng the dam duong dupc Domifa ngfaidp xa fapi kfadng phdi la nfaung tap doan Idn dupc hudng quydn uu dai vd kfadi lupng ngudn Iyc kfadng Id nfaimg lam an kemfaieuqud "' Trong cdc ngky 28 va 29/5/2012, Tda an nhSn dSn Tp Ha Noi da dua cac bi cao D o ^ Tiln Dung (SN 1956), nguygn phd tdng giam ddc BIDV va Trin Thi Thanh Binh (SN 1973), nguygn phd gidm ddc BIDV Hai Phong xet xii vl tdi "Lgi dyng chuc vu, quyen han gay anh hudng d6i vdi ngudi khdc dl tryc Igi" Thiri dilm ndm 2008 - 2009, tinh hinh kinh tl chung ciia thg gidi va Vift Nam dang bi suy thodi Rit nhigu doanh nghifp gSp khd khdn xudt khdu hang hda, dd tign vay ngdn hang thi din h£Ui tra no, nhung khdng the cd vdn dl trd Trong bdi canh dd, thdi gian lam Giam ddc Ngdn hdng BIDV Hai Phdng, Doan Tien Dung dS gidi quylt cho Cdng ty cd phin Dft may xudt khdu Hai Phdng va Cdng ty Trdch nhifm huu han V.K Hai Phong dng Hodng Vdn Khdnh lam Tdng Giam ddc, vay hon 45 ty ddng, thdng qua hop ddng tin dung dai han bdng hinh thlic the chap tai sdn Lgi dung doanh nghigp dang roi vao canh khd khdn, Dodn Tiln Dung ludn thiic 6p cdng ty cua dng Khanh phai tra ng, nlu khdng s5 phai ehuygn nhupng tai san dl tit toan Lgi dyng chiic vu, quyln h?n, Dodn Tiln Dung da ep doanh nghifp phai dua tien "bdi tron", sau dd mdi chi dao cip dudi giai ngan Day la vu dn cd nhiing tinh tiet d ^ bift khiln du ludn quan tam bdi mdt mdi quan hf cung rdt ddc bift: Doanh nghifp va Ngan hang 65 Tgp chi Khoa hoc xa hdi Viel Nam, sd 5(90) - 2015 Sy tfait tfaoat, thua Id cua mot sd "ddu tau" kinh td nfafing ndm qua co sy gop pfadn kfaong nfao cua tham nfaung tfaong qua sy tfaau torn cua cac nhom loi icfa Ban chat cua nfaung nhom lpi Ich la dat lpi ich cua ca nfadn, ciia mot nhom tfaidu so Idn tren Ipi icfa cua xa hpi Nhiing nhom lpi icfa kfaong cfai true Ipi, gdy tiiidt faai ldn cfao ndn kinfa td ma lam gia tang su bat cdng gitta cac TPKT day nfaung ke hd cfainh sach, tfauc tfai chinh sach va ca sy xudng cap dao due cua mdt sd ngudl la nhung nguydn nfaan co ban dan ddn tinfa trgng Gidi phap khac phuc Ddn nay, nfaung nd lyc 6n dinfa kinfa td vT md (dac bidt 6n dinfa cac thi trudng tfaen chot nhu tidn td, bit dpng san, vang va cfauong trinh tai co cdu ndn kinh td mgnfa me) cupe ddu tranh cfadng tham nfafing da gop phdn fagn cfad tinfa trang tac ddng tidu cue ciia cac nhom Ipi icfa ddn nen kinfa td noi cfaung vd ddn vide thyc faidn CBXH ddi vdi cdc TPKT noi ridng Tuy nfaien, tidn trinh can phai dupc day mgnfa va tridt de faon nua Trong bdi canfa chung do, dd fagn chd, tidn tdi dep bo sy tac dpng tieu cue cua cac nhom Ipi ich ddn thuc hifn CBXH ddi vdi cdc TPKT, cin phai luu ;? mdt sd giai phdp sau: Thie nhdt, Nfaa nudc vdi cfadc nang quan trpng nfaat la ngudi "cam trich" quan ly, didu faanfa ndn kinh td vT md phdi tgo dupc san cfaoi binfa ddng gitta cac TPKT Cdc chinfa sacfa ciia Nha nudc phai nhdm tdi myc tidu cudi eiing la Tfaidt lap co cfad dam bdo sy binfa ddng tidp cdn ngudn Iyc vd tiiyc faidn phan bd cdng bdng cac ngudn 66 lyc Cac chinh sach kinfa td pfadi pfau hpp vdi thyc tidn, co tinh khd thi, fagn cfad tdi da nhirng ke hd de cac nhom Ipi icfa co thd lpi dung true lpi Nfaa nudc phai xay dung duac CO cfad faoacfa dinh cfainfa sach, quydt dinh minh bach, kfaoa hpc Co ch6 phai tao didu kidn tfauan Ipi cho ddi thoai chinfa sacfa mpt cacfa tfayc chat Nha nudc can tach bach giiia hoacfa dinh chinh sach va thyc tfai cfainh sdch nfaam gidm thidu kfaa nang lpi dung cfainfa sacfa, true lpi td chinh sacfa, dong tfadi thidt lgp ca chi gidm sdt chinh sdch va thyc thi cfainfa sach fauu faieu Cu tfad, pfaai tidp tuc sua ddi, bfl sung, faoan thidn Luat Pfaong chdng tham nhung (PCTN), Ludl Thyc hanfa- tidt kifm, cfadng lang pfai; sua doi Luat Khidu nai, Luat Td cao Sua ddi cac quy dinh vd quan ly ddt dai, quan ly kinfa td, tai chinfa, ngan fadng, vd tfaanh tra, kidm tra, kidm toan Trong thyc thi chinh sach phai trpng tam tang cudng hidu lyc cua quan Iy nfaa nudc, su dung tdt cac cdng cu didu fadnfa vT mfl nhu cdng cy tai chinh - tidn te nhdm tao l?p sy binh ding gitta cac TPKT va gop phin phdn phoi cong bang gitta cac phdn/cfaii thd kinh td bdng Cin tang cuong kiem tra, tra cac ITnh vyc trpng difim nhu quan Iy dit dai, ddu tu xay dung caban, quan ly tai chinh ti-ong doanh nghidp nfaa nudc; thu, chi ngdn sach nha nudc; quan ly tai sdn cong Cin xd ly ngfaiem, kip tfadi, cdng khai nfaiing vy vific da dupe phat hidn Cd bidn phap xu Iy kien quydt, nghidm minfa nfafing ngudi tham nhung, ddng thdi cd ca cfad kfauydn khich vd bao vd nhung ngudi ticfa cue diu tranh chong tham nhimg, tidu cue; bidu duong vi Su tdc ddng cua nhdm lgi ich nhdn rpng nhOng tim guang can, kidm, liem, cfainh, chi cdng, vd tu Thd hai, cdc TPKT cin phai nang cao y tfauc ve quydn va trdcfa nhiem cua cac cfau thd kinh te cdc boat dpng san xuat kinh doanfa Mgt mat, cac cfau tfad kinfa td pfadi tfayc hanh tdt trdch nfaiem xa hdi cua minh, mat khdc, hp phdi bidt van dyng cac chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nha nudc mpt cdcfa dung ddn nhdm ndng cao hidu qua hoat dpng sdn xudt kinfa doanh cua ca nhan cung nhu to chuc cua nunh Cdc chu tfad kinh td phai tuan thu dling phap luat, tdy chay nhiing faogt dpng Idnfa td khong minh bgcfa, kfaong cfadp nfadn nfafing hanh vi canh tranh kfadng lanfa manfa, tham chi ca nhiing hdnfa vi nhiing nhieu cua bp may cong quyen, gdp phdn Idnh manfafadamdi trudng kinh doanh Thu ba, cac hpi nghd ngfaidp vdi tu cdcfa la dai didn cho tidng noi cua cac chu the kinh td co chdc nang giam sat, cau ndi dol thoai giua doanh nghidp va chinh phu Cac hiep hpi can diu tranfa ddi hoi minh bgch thdng tin, chinh sdch; giup cac chu thd kinh td tidp can nhanh hon, binh ddng hon vdi cac thdng tm, chinh sacfa cua Dang va Nfad nudc Cac faiep hpi cdn phai thyc hidn tot chuc nang cua minh nhu mpt kdnh ddi thoai dd gdp phin tfauc ddy ddn cfau faoa kinfa td, td nang cao vai trofadtrp, tfaeo ddi, gidm sat cdc hogt dpng kinh td vd hogt ddng didu hdnh cua cac ca quan cdng quydn lunh vyc kinh td Ket luan Sy tac ddng tidu cyc cua nhdm Ipi Ich ddn ndn kinh td ndi cfaung vd ddn tfauc hidn CBXH ddi vdi eac TPKT noi ridng la khd ro rang Tuy nhidn, can cd nhidu nghidn cdu sau ban dd cfai cu thd nhirng sy tdc ddng Dd Id ddi hdi cap bacfa ciia tfauc tidn dgt cfao cac nganfa kfaoafapcc6 Hen quan Tai lieu tham khao Chi Cdng, Bi bat, lmh dgo BIDV: "Cdc anh bdt nhdm ngu&i", Bao Ngudi dua tin online, ngdy 05 tfiang ndm 2012, http://www.nguoiduatm.vn/bi-batlanh-dao-bidv-cac-anh-bat-nham-nguoi-a44875.html Ddng Quang Dinh (2014), Lgi ich nhom vdi vdn de tham nhung a Viit Nam hiin Tap chi Ly lugn Chinh tri, sd 2, tr.82 - 85 Hgi ddng Trung uong chi dao bign s o ^ gido trinh Qudc gia cac bd mon khoa hoc Mdc - Le nin, Tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh (2005), Gido trinh Kinh ti hoc Chinh tri Mdc - Lenin (tdi bdn), Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia - Sy that Ha Noi Nguyen Thi Mai Hoa (2013), "Kilm sodt Igi ich nhdm - tiep can tu gdc dd gidm sdt quyen lyc nha nudc" Nguyin Hihi Khiln (2011), "Nhdm Igi ich vd vin dg chdng tham nhung", Tap chi Triit hgc, sd Le Qudc Ly (chu bien) (2014), Lai ich nhdm - ThfC trgng vd gidipht^ Nxb Chmh trj qudc gja, Hd Nfl Nguyen Vdn Manh, Mot sd y kien vi "lgi ich nhdm" d Viet Nam hien nay, Hdiflido"Nhdn difn lgi ich nhdm" tai Hgc vifn Chinh trj - Hanh chinh Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, http://noichinh.vn/nghien-cuutrao-doi/201308/mot-so-y-kien-ve-Ioi-ich-nhom-oviet-nam-hien-nay-291898/ Pham Xuan Nam (2007), "Vl khai nifm cdng bdngxdhdi",T^pchiXahgihgcsb (97) Hd Bd Tham (2011), Bdn ve mdu ihudn xung dot lgi ich Men nay, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia, Ha Ngi 10 Pham Thi Nggc Trim (chu bign) (2009), Nhiing vdn di ly lugn ca bdn ve cdng bdng xd hgi dieu kien nu&c ta hiin nay, Nxb Khoa hpc xd hpi, Ha Ngi 67 ... nang kinh te la tao Ipi nhudn CJ ddy, vdn tfin tai sy nhdp nhdi^ vd vai hd ciia kinh td nha nudc va chiic nang kinh td cua nfaa nudc Chuc nang kinh td cua nha nudc la qudn Iy, didu tidt ndn kinh. .. ndi^ kinh te la tgo Ipi nhugn O day, van tdn tgi su nhap nhdng vd vai tro ciia kinh tk nha nudc va cfaiic ndng kinh td cua nfaa nudc Chuc ndng kinh td ciia nhd nudc la quan Iy, didu tidt ndn kinh. .. tfaeo ddi, gidm sat cdc hogt dpng kinh td vd hogt ddng didu hdnh cua cac ca quan cdng quydn lunh vyc kinh td Ket luan Sy tac ddng tidu cyc cua nhdm Ipi Ich ddn ndn kinh td ndi cfaung vd ddn tfauc
Ngày đăng: 08/11/2022, 14:13
Xem thêm:
