Thông tin tài liệu
0^1'Sf KINH TE NGHIEN c u t i MlTC SAN LONG TRA CUA NGU'CJI DAN DOI V6r CAP NU^6C S A C H TAI THANH PHO CAO LANH TINH D N G THAP TS Nguyen Vdn Ngdi' ThS Nguyin Kim Phu&cThS Phan Binh Hiing' TOM TAT Nghien cim trinh hdy ve mirc •idn long trd ciia ngir&i ddn ddi v&i cdp mt&c tach uii Thdnh Cao Lanh tinh Bong Thdp Qua kit qud dieu ira tmng 172 man dugc ldy ngdu nhien doi vdi cdc hg gio dinh chua su di^ng nu&c tir he ihdng cdp nudc ciia Thdnh phd Cao Ldnh Ket qud cho thdy bdy hien dgc lap cd tdc dgng, dnh hu&ng den hien phu thugc mirc sdn long ira H^P la: trinb hgc vdn ciia did lid qui mo hg, long thu nhgp dia chl nhd chit hg .so nguiri di lam, nguon nu&c su dung vd nhgn ihirc mdi trudng cua chu hi) Tir ket qua nghien ciru de tdi go'iy miit so chinh 'idch nhu: dieu chtnh gid nuac sgch plidn hiet theo khu vuc ihanh thi vd nong than, ndng cao nhdn thirc cua ngu&i ddn ddi v&i mdi tru&ng hdng cdng tdc luyen truyen -gido dtic; ndng cao trinh hgc vdn cUa ngirai ddn: kel hap cdc ca quan ban ngdnh gidm A" If hg ngheo; tgo them cong an viec ldm cho ngidn ildn nhdm ndng cao sd ngirai di liim tmng giu dinh; Tfr khoa: Miic san ldng tra, willingness to pay (WTP), nudc sach, Ddng Thap ABSTRACT The research presents at people s willingness to pay for the clean water supply in the city of Cao Lanh Dong Thap province Through a survey of 172 random samples are taken for the hou.seholds ussing water from the water supply system ofthe city's High Con.iul The results showed thai seven independent variables have an impact, on ihe dependent variable is the willingiie.'is fo pay (WTP): educational level of household head, household size, total income, household address, number of people having a job, water supply and environmental awoivness of the household From the research results, the suhfecf suggests some policies such as adjusting clean water price differentiated by urban and rural areas, raising people's awareness on the euvironmeni by educational propaganda, increasing educational levels of local people, combining the relevant agencies and sectors to reduce the poverty rate, and creating more jobs for people to raise the number of workers in the family, Keywords: Willingness to pay, clean water, Dong Thap province, GIOI THIEU Cung vdi xu hudng phat uien kinh tc, ddn sd cang lang tdc dg thi hda va cdngnghifp hda hidn dai hda cang nhanh chat lupng cugc sdng cua ngudi dan cang dugc cai thien va ndng cao Nhu cau ve cac niat hang ticu dimg ttiiet ydu, dd c6 nudc sach cang dugc coi irgng nhat la irong tinh hinh cdc ngudn nudc cang cgn kiet vd bj o nhiem •Trudng Khoa Kinh ti - Thidng DH Nong ldm TP Ho Chi Vmh •'Gidng vien Khoa TCNH - Trumg DH Md TP Ho Chi Mmh 'Pho Cidm doc - Oi" MTV cap nudt iinh Ddng Thap TAP CHl KHOA HOC SO (26) 2012 Ngay 20T1-'2009 Thu ludng Chinh phu da ky cac Quydl djnh sd 1929/QDTTg va 1930/QD-TTg phd duyel dinh hudng phat tridn cdp Ihoal nudc dd thj vd khu cdng nghiep Viei Nam den nam 2025 vd tdm nhin ddn nam 2050 Muc lieu cu thd den ndm 2025 tv' lc bao phii djch vu cap nudc sach tai cac dd ihj dgl 100% so ngudi di lam (DL) nguon nudc sfr dung (NGN) va nhan ihuc mdi truang ctia chii hp (NT) khdc vdl nghidn cuu trudc Kdt cdu ciia nghidn cuu ndy gdm: Phdn neu tdm ldt ca sd ly thuyet vd md hinh nghien cuu; Phan trinh bay ve ihiet ke ngtiien cfru: Phan trinh bay kcL qua nghidn cuu; Phan trinh bay kdl luan va kidn nghj mgt so ggi y chinh sach cd ticn quan Viec nghien ciiu muc san long ira cua ngudi dan ddi vdi dich vu cap nudc sgch co y nghta quan irgng giup hoat dgng dich vu C O SO LY THUVET cap nudc sach cd nhflng djnh hudng phat 2.1 Cac ly thuyet co lien quan tridn phil hgp nham ttida man ldi da nliu Theo Turner Pearce vJ Baicman cdu ciia dai da sd dan cu gdp phdn ihuc da> (1995) cho rdng mfrc san tdng tra (WTP) kinh te xd hdi Thanh phai tridn nhanh cudng ua thich cua nipt ca nhan hay va bdn vfrng "Nghien ciru mfrc sdn ldng xd hgi doi vdi thu hang hoa dd Do ludng fra ciia ngudi ddn ddi vdi cap nudc sach tgi Thdnh phd Cao Ldnh tinh Ddng Thap" muc dg thda mdn su dung hdng hda qhSm xdc djnh mfrc sdn long tra cua ngudi ndo dd trdn thi irudng, dirge bgc lg bang din khu vyc, tfr dd cd ca sd de cac muc gid sdn long tra (WTP) ciia hp ddi vdi eifj0tih m^hi dua mgt mfrc ihu phi mdt hang dd, | M h g p nhit ho$c cd nhiing chinh sach hd Mankiw (2003) Mfrc sdn tdng tra irg d6i vdi nhQng hp gia dinh ngheo Ddng (WTP) dugc djnh ngliTa nhu la mgi thdi dua cdc gidi phap nhdra nang cao y khoan lien tdi da ma ca nhan ddng y chi thirc su dung nudc sgch cua ngudi dan vd Era cho I hang hda dd can bdng su ihay gia tdng mfrc sin long chi trd cho vide su ddi Ihoa dung Khoan lien tdi da dd la mpt dyng nudc sach De nghien ciiu nhung ydu bieu hien vd gia trj ciia hang hda ddi vdi td dnh hudng ddn mfrc sdn long tra nghien ngudi tidu dting WTP ddng thdi la dudng cuu dd dp dyng phuong phap djnh gia ngdu cau thj trudng nd tao co sd xdc dinh fgi ich nhien (CVM) tren ca sd ket qua khdo sal ddi VOI xa hdi tidu dung hay ban nidt hg gia dinh \d mfrc sdn ldng tra cho viec mat hang nao dd su dyng dich vu cap nudc sach dong thdi Do dd dc dinh gia cac gid trj mdi didu Ira phdng vdn them cac hg gia dinh ve cac ydu id khac co lidn quan Dong thdi trudng tlieo Turner Pearce va Bateinan (1995) cd nhieu phuong phap khac sis dung phuang phap djnh lugng rad hinh hfii quy luyen linh de xdc djnh cac ydu Ifi nhdm xac dinh gia trj ticn td cho cac iai anh huong den muc sdn long tra ciia hd gia nguyen mdi trudng Cd phuang phap can ban sau; Phuang phap dd danh gid mgt dinli dc phdn tich ddnh gid hang hda thfing qua dudng cdu \ a phirong Kdl qua tim dugc cdc bidn dfic lap cd phap danh gia hdng hda khong thdng qua tac dpng anh huong ddn bidn phu thugc dudng cdu mirc san Idng tra WTP gdm: bidn trinh dg hgc vdn (TDHV) quy md hd (SN) long ilui nhap (TTN") cd ket qua phu hgp so vdi cac nghien cuu irudc Ddng Ihdi co cac hien mdi kci qua hdi quy co y nghta thdng kc la bien dja chi ciia chii hd (KV) * Cac p h u o n g phdp khong diing du'dng cau Phuang phdp khdng thd cung cap nbiing ihdng lin danh gia va cac ludng ve phuc lgi tlurc, nhimg nd vdn la cdng cu lim tdi.hfni ich dd thdm dinh chi phi lgi ich ciia cdc dy an cac chinh sdch hoac phuimg hudng hdnh ddng Trong phucmg phdp khong diing dudng cdu cd cdc phuang phap sau: Phuimg phdp thay doi nang sual (Changes in Produclivity): Dugc sii dung cd nhung ihay doi san lugng lac dgng ciia moi tnrdng dd xac djnh gia uj kinh td cua su thay doi Ndu tac dfing mfii trudng lam dnh huong bdt Igi tdi san tugng lam gidm gia trj san lugng nic la lam tang chi phi doi voi xa hdi vd ngugc lai Phuang phap chi phi thay the (Subslitue Cost Method): Phuang phap ndy cd the thuc hidn don gidn bdng each danh gia xem sfr dung mgt sd hicn phap Ihay the hoac phuc hdi ihi cdn phai hao nhidu chi phi dd nham giam nhflng lac ddng bai lgi dd Tfr xjc dinh ty Id (hay thd giiia chat hrgng mdi uuong voi hang hda thay the udc linh gia trj ciia hdng hoa infii Irudng Phumig phdp cd the dp dung mpt mpt sd tinh hudng nhu: lac ddng cua d nhidm khdng cd dnh hudng idi co sd hg tang nhu cdu duimg va nha cfra Phuang phdp chl phi phdng ngira (Preventive Cost Method): Khi ngudi sdn Idng trd tidn nham chfing tai nhthig anh hudng en the xav- mdi irudng suy Uioau nhung chi phi cd llie dugc su dung lam ca so tinh loan cac phi tdn anh hudng mdi trudng gdy ra, Cdc chi phi phong ngfra thudng la chi phi nlid han chi phi thyc ndu xay \i cdc chi pliong ngira bao gid cung bi han chd bdi mfrc thu nhap Phuang phap chi phiy lc (Cost of illness): Trong trudng ln.:^ Uiay dfii vd chai lugng radi truimg ed dnh huang tdi sire khoe cun ngudi anh hirdng cd thd dan lai nhtrng hau qua tam phdt sinh chi phi Cac chi phi ma ca nhan bj anh liuimg phai chju nhu chi phi y td chi phi chain stksue khoe chi phi nghi vice, ni'in^ suai Iao ddng giam nhftng dm * Nliom cac phu'O'ng phap diing dudng cau Cdc phuang ptidp cung cdp nhfrng thdng lin danh gia va cdc tudng vd phuc Igi luong phiic Igi ihdng du gid tri lieu diing Gdm cd cac phuong phap sam IPhuang phap ludng muc thda dung (Hedonic Pncing Method); Phuang phap cho bidt gia cua mdi sd mat hdng (vi du tai san, nha cua bay bar dgng san khdc) cd the bj anh hudng bdi chat lugng mdi Irudng Phuong phap chi phi du Ijch (Travel Cost Method); Phuong phdp dugc su dung thudng xuydn nhai tidn hanh danh gia kinh id cdc dia dtem thuimg dirgcdu khach tdi thain cdng vidn khu bao (dn thidn nhiiJn bai bien, cnihdap dyng tdng ,=;d chi phi ma ngudi du lich san sdng Ird chu cd chuyen du lich de dugc tdi cong vien khu bdo ton hay bai bidn iam co sd cho viC'c danh gia Phuong phap ndy ddi hoi phai CO didu Ira quy mfi rgng va cd nhung phan lich thdng kd phiic lgp Phuang phdp danh gia ngau nhidn (Contingent Value Method): Phuang phap cting dugc Ihuc hifn bang cdch dieu tra lap pbidu cau hoi dd xem xet thai cua ngudi dan phdn ung chat lugng moi trudng thay ddi va iham dd xem hg sdn sang trd bao nhidu dc tranh vide chat lugng moi trudng bj SUV giam Phuang phap ciing ddi hoi phai lien hanh cac cudc dicu tra khao sdt va nhiing phan tich thdng ke phfrc lap Dc tdi diing phuang phdp ddnh gia ngau nhidn (CVM) lam Ihudc tryc ticp vd WTP, bd qua nhu cdu iham khao gia ihj tnrdng c6 the dugc dinh gia bang cdch hdi nguiri ddn mgt each tryc tiep hg SC san Idng ird bao nhieu doi vdi dich vu cdp nudc sach mfii trutmg chung quanh cang bi fi nhidm Phuang each dugc dp dyng la phdng van cdc chu hi) tai nha hd gia dinh va hdi mtic gid san tdng ira (WTP) ciia hg cho v ice tra chi phi su dung nudc sach sinli hoat gia dinh dugc cung cap den - iTu diOin cua plnronii phap CVM: Phucmg phap cd thd dp dung lucmg ddi ro rang va Iinh hoat so vdi cdc phuang phdp djnh gid khac vifc dd udc lugng TAP CHI ^HOA HOC SO (26) 2012 cac gid tri gidn tidp true tidp gia tri khdng su dung Nhugc didm cua pliuang pliap CVM: Khi su dung phuang phap CVM kdl qua didu tra phu thugc vao cac dieu kidn cua thi trudng gia dinh each dat van de cua ngudi didu tra each chgn mdu lam cho cdu trd \a\ cua cac ca nhan khdng dung vdi gia tri thyc C) ddy ta phai nam rti cac nhugc didm de khic phuc Then Turner (1995) c'^ mgt sd ird ngai lidm an ddi vdi nhd phan lich thidu than trpng st ldm sai lech: ndi it di WTP; WTP hay WTA; Thien lech mpi phdn- loan phdn; Thien lech diem khdi ddu; Thidn lech theo phucmg lien Qua cdc rao hinh nghien cuu Irirdc ddy, dd su dyng md hinh nghien ciiu ciia Kaliba Norman va Chang (2003) chii ydu, CO ket hgp cac md hinh nghien cfru khdc, nhdt Id mfi hinh nghidn cfru cua Vo Thanh Danh (2008) nghien cfru miic sdn Idng Ira cho vide bdo vf tdi nguven nudc ngdm khdng bj d nhiem d khu vyc dong bdng sdng Cuu long, phii hgp vdi dia ban nghidn cuu dc bd sung vd ddng thdi cd de xudt thdm cac bidn dgc lgp mdi vdo Irong mfi hinh nghidn cun dd nghj Miic san long tra WTP dugc xem Id biCn phu thuoc cac bidn doc lap gdm Gidi linh chii hd tufii chu hp trinh dg hpe van ciia chii hp, nghe nghidp chii hfi, quy md hfi long tliu nhdp eiia lip cac bien dfic lap dd xuat thdm: bidn dia chi d ho gta dtnh sd ngudi di Idm ifong ho ngufin nudc su dung ciia hp luvng nudc sii dung ciia hd va nhdn (hue mfii trudng 2.2 Cac nghien cfru trirdc 2.2.1 Nghien cfru cua Kaliba, Norman va Chang (2003): "Nghidn uuu nuic san long chi tra nham cdi thien vice cung cap nudc cho nhiing viing nfing thon iliiioc vimg Tning bd Tanzania Chau phi vd nhflng ggi y cho chinh sach" Nghidn ciru mfrc sdn long chi tra nham muc dich dc cai lliien vd klia ndng phai iricn bdn vung cho nhirns ngdnh djch vu cfing eong vd nudc ndng thdn Dt tdi da khao sal cong ddng tai cac viing Dodoma vd Singida ihupc khu vuc mien Trung Tanzania, bang each sfr dung cac ham logit da thuc, Ket qua vide phdn lich dan irong vimg khao sat ddng tinh vdri vide cdi lien loai hinh dich vy cdp nudc va vifc chfrng thuc muc s^n long chi trd cho vice cai thidn cac bidn cd y nglita ilidng kd vc inai tich cue la quy md hd gia dinh va ;.u hdi Idng irong vide ihyc thi cac hogt dpng irong dy dn, cac bien cd y nghta thdng kc vd mat tieu cyc la dg iudi, ldi san va cac khoan ddng tien mgi 2.2.2 Nghien cfru ciia Shion Guha (2007): Trong vice ihdm djnh gia cung cdp nudc sach qua phuang phap san sang chi trd Irong nipt quae gia dang phat iridn trudng hgp nghien ciru a Calcutta An Nghien cim dicu tra muc binh qudn vc sy sail sang chi tra cua ngudi dun cho nudc sach d Calcutta, An Do va dua cac giai phap khd thi Mgt nua sfi 202 ngudi dugc khao sat nghidn cini nav' la iiliQns cu dan khu d chugt irong mfit nira lai la nhiing cu dun khu chung cu Cupc khao sat dugc ticn hanh ihco phuang phap dinh gia ngdu nhien (CVM) dc udc tinli vice san ';ang ehi ini ciia hn danh cho nivdc uong dugc lien hanh cac tda nha chung cu lai Dhakuria Calciiua Nhirng nairtri nhdm cd thu nhdp thap vi trung binh chu ydu iion^ viei ihiri: ilii t.k hoJt dwi^lrimu - I - in v.i ecu khoan ilonji lien niftl - Sir dints: phirang phap dinli gia ngau nhien - Sam dl lioc tua iiijirai [i.i Iwi - Sfl ire tfin ^L.I dinh iCVMl - Cac bicn co unli hi/iinsi dC-ll mirc ».^ lonj: ch, \ " ^nni- h.>e Moi quan iam van dc ii ira- ITiu nhap ni.i ho giu (Iinh gu'ii tmh: tuoi si< Nguun niroc f-U dnng thdiih \ icn irong gin dinii ã N o i Midi ô.ng (giin -i".iig, l^ii'iili rath) 2.3 Mo hinh ly thuyet Dya vao cac nghidn ciru Hudc ta thiy cd nhtmg bicn quan sat ihin'mg gap la: Gidi lmh (bicn dummy), tudi iriuh - lllJltJllL- i'liih irang irnm nhiin vO ,.-|i,H lirmig mini hicn lo dfi )ipc van (sfi nam di hoc), nghe nghiep (bidu dummv ) .sfi ngudi hd (ngirin) thu nhdp cua hg (trieu dfing ilijng) co anh huong ddn mtrc san Idng chi tra ciia iw TAP CHf KHOA HOC S (26) 2012 Vi thd, mo hinh nghien cuu ly ihuydl dugc theo ty Id tuong frng ciia khu vuc khdng cap nudc, va diyc hi?n bdng phuong phap dua nhu sau: WTP = f(GT, TUOI, TDHV NN, chgn mdu ngau nhien Phuang phap danh gia ngau nhien SN.TTN) WTP=B,+B,GT+B,TU01+BjTDHV (CVM): Phuong phap dugc dp dung de cd the thdm dd muc sdn ldng trd cho +B^NN+B,SN+B J N + e vi?c sfr dung djch vu cap nudc sach ciia B^,: He so tu (tung gdc) cac hd gia dinh, dugc tien hanh hdi iruc iicp cac ca nhan dua trdn bang cau hdi ldp B^: He sd hoi quy rieng 1=1 den san, de xac dinh gia trj ciia dich vu cap e: Id sai sd ngau nhidn nudc sach, cdc kdt qua se phy thugc Bidn phu Ihudc: WTP (ddng/Im"* nudc) hoac thay doi theo cac didu kien khdc THIET KE NGHIEN CUU dugc dua frong thj trudng gia djnh Dya fren co sd ly thuydt vd cac Dd nghien cfru nhung bien phu thugc nghien cuu cd tmdc, nghidn cuu dugc tien va bien ddc lgp ap dung phuang phap djnh hdnh theo uinh ty nhu sau: gia ngau nhien (CVM), trdn co sd tien Phuang phap thu Ihdp so lieu thii cap: hanh didu tra khao sat hd gia dinh ve muc Tren ca sd nghidn cuu tidn hdnh dicu tra sdn long ira cho vide sir dung dich vu cdp thu thdp cac sd lieu thu cap tu' cdc sd tipu nudc sach va ddng thdi dicu tra phdng cd sdn d cdc ca quan quan ly nhu: Cong van cac ydu Id khdc cd lien quan cua hd ly Cap nudc Cue Thdng ke, Sd Khoa hoc gia dinh Dung phuang phap djnh lugng va Cdng ngh?, Sd Tai nguyen Mdi trudng, xay dung mo hinh hoi quy tuydn tinh su Sd Xdy dyng, Sd Y td, cdc phdng ban cua dung phuang phdp binh phuong nhd nhdt Thanh Cao Lanh hoac qua thu thap ihdng Ihudng (OLS), dd phan tich ddnh gia Irong cac lap chi, sdch, bao, cac bdi nghien xdc dinh cac yeu td anh huong den muc sdn tdng tra ciia hg gia dinh Nghidn ciiu cfru iniac ddy su sung mo hinh cu the nhu sau: Phuang phap thu thap sd lieu sa cap dugc thyc hidn duafrdnca so bdng cdu hdi WTP = f(GT TUOI, KV, TDHV, dugc lap san dd didu fra phong van true NN, SN, DL, TTN, NGN, LN, NT) tidp cac hp ^ia dinh chua su dung nguon WTP=B/B,GTfB,TUOI+BjKV+B nudc dugc cap tu nha may cap nudc Tinh Ngudi dugc phdng van didu tra Id cac chii JDHV+B,NN+B,SN+B',DL+BJTN+B, hg gia dinh sfing tai khu vyc Thanh phd NGN^B,gLN+B„'KT+e Cao Lanh, Vide didu tra lya chpn mdu dua B,; He sd ty (tung dg gdc) trdn cdc so lieu thfr cap danb gia cac khu B-: He sd hdi quy neng i=l ddn 11 vuc phudng, xa co ty Id % su dung nudc sgch thdp tfr nha may cdp nudc ciia Tinh, c: Id sai sd ngau nhien so tugng mau dieu tra ciing duac chgn Bidn phy thugc: WTP (ddng/l m' nudc) TT B | £ N DOC LAP Gicti linh cua Chu hij Tuoi cua Chil ho D.mvitinh U>v9ng " cd y nghia ihdng ke vai nghien cim va cung phii hgp hp cd tin cay 95% lie so hdi quy khdng chudn thu nhap cao hp quan lam den van de sire hda B^^= -83.6 cd ddu dm quan he ngugc khde, ndng muc song ciia gia dinh len chidu vai muc sdn tdng tra WTP, phii hgp Khi cac dieu kien kliac khdng ihay ddi vcfi dau ky vgng ciia md hinh nghidn ciru, neu tdng thu nhap ciia hd gia dinh ldng hg cdng ddng thudng la cac hp Idn them mnt trieu ddng thi WTP lang ngheo, nhgn thirc vc phdp Iuat cdn thap thdm 54.87 ddng dd kha nang chi Ira cho nudc sach ciia ^ Bien tuoi: Khi phan tich hoi quy hp thap IChi cac dieu kidn khac klidng bidn khong cd y nghTa, khdng anh thay doi neu quy md hg hd lang Iiudng ddn mirc san Idng trd, nhu vay sy thdm ngirdi liay lang llicm nhan khdu nhan thuc vc vide su dung nudc sach va ciia hd gia dinh thi mirc sdn long trd WTP san sdng chi tra khdng Idthudcvdodptuoi giam di 83.6 ddng Sy lidp can cdc tri thuc nam bat thong lin + Bien gidi tinh: Ket qua hdi quy bien khdng cd }'• nghTa ta co ihd ly gidi nhu bidn tucii chu hp tidp can cac ihiing lin hieu bidt \ e xd hdi khdng Id thugc vao gidi tinh Do dd muc sdn long trd ciia chu hp theo gidi tinh liay tudi khong anh hudng, ta khong thd lac ddng dc thay ddi lam chuyen gidi tinh + Bien nghe nghiep: Kdl qua hi^i quy bicn ndy khdng co y nghTa Co thd giai thich su hidu hidt \a tiep can nhidu thdng tin cho rang nganh nudc la nganti cdng ich, phuc vu nhdn dan co su bao cdp ciia Khd nudc TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO (26) 2012 + Bien lugng nudc sir dung ciia bg; Kel qua bicn khdng cd y nghTa co the giai thich vide su dung nudc nhieu khong phdi muc s6ng cua gia dinh cao day dii tidn nghi co thd su dung nudc nhieu giadinh ddng cdn su dung cho cac nhu cau khac nhu tang gia san xual 4.3.2 Kiim dinh (1) Kidm dinh phu hop mo hinh (Tests) Sau tim duiic cac bicn doc lap co y nghTa kidm dinh lai muc dp phu hgp cua md hinh xet ddn ket qua \ a V nghTa cua he sd R- didu chinh Adjusted R Square la cd: K~ didu chinh=- 0.58 Nbu vay cd SS^Ii tha\ ddi cua muc bin Idng tra WTP dugc giai thich bdi cac bicn ddc lap: dia chi ciia chu hp (KV) Trinh hgc van cua chii hp (TDHV), quy md hd (SN) so ngudi di lam hg (DL) tong thu nhap hang thdng ciia hggia dinh (TIT'J) nguon nudc su dung ciia hg (NGN), nhan thuc mi5i trudng ciia chu hg (NT), su dyng ma Iran hd sd tuong qnan Pearson, la xet bang correlation, ta cd cdc he sd tuong quan giua cac bien dge lap CO y nghta thdng kc deu < 0,6 va nhu vay kidm dinh cd y nghTa thdng kd Sudung thdm he sd VIF (Collinearil>' Statistics), klii VIF >i0 cd hien tirgng da cdng tuydn Ket qud VFF eua cdc bidn ddc lap cd y nghta thdng kd deu < 10 Ket lugn giua cdc bien cd y nghTa thdng ke khong CO hidn tugng da cdng tuyen Nhit vay bay bidn tim dugc cd \' nghTa thong kd, khdng cd bi hidn tugng da cdng tuydn (2) Kiem tra phiroTig sai ciia sai so thay doi (heleroskedasticity) Ta su dung kidm djnh Spearman dd kiem tra giua cac bicn dgc lap cd >' nghTa thdng kd vdi gia trj tuyet ddi cua so du dugc chuan hda, ABS (standardized residual ABS) Ticu chudn danh gia cac he sd tuomg quan hang spearman co muc y nghia Psig > 0.05 thi ta cd thd kdl lugn : Phuang sai cua sai sd khong thay doi Theo kdt qua sau chay SPSS la cd cac bidn dia chi ciia chu hd (KV) trinh hgc vdn (TDHV) quy md hp (SN) sd ngudi di ldm (DL), t6ng thu nhdp (TI'N), ngudn nudc su dung (NGN) vd nhan thuc mdi Irudng cua chii hp (NT) cd P sig > 0.05 cd sy dn djnh khdng cd sy thay ddi phuong sai ciia sd du, KET LL'AN VA KIEN N G H | M O T SO GQI Y CHINH SACH 5.1 KStluan Qua md hinh nghidn ciru va ket qud phan tich cac yeu td anh hudng muc sdn long tra doi vdi dich vu cap nudc sach la tim dugc cac yeu td anh hudng tdc ddng den muc sdn Idng tra gdm; yeu id dja phuang khu vuc d cua hg gia dinh trinh dp hgc van quy md hg gia dinh sd ngudi di ldm hd gia dinh tdng thu nhdp ciia gia dinh ngudn nudc sit dung hang cua hd va nhgn thirc \e mdi trudng cua chu hd Cdc kdt qua ciing phii hgp vdi cac nghien ciru trudc day nhung ben canh dd cd phai hidn thdm ydu td mdi dugc tim thay co y nghTa thong kd la cac bien: khu vyc d cua hg, sd ngudi di lam hd ngudn nudc su dung vd nhdn thuc moi trudng Dong thai qua cdc he so hoi quy chua chuan hoa va chudn hda phan tich danh gia dugc muc dnh hutrng, tam quan Irpiig ciia cdc yeu td tdc ddng Idn muc san long trd Dya vao kdt qua nghidn cuu, de lai dua nhirng chinh sach va giai phdp cho phil hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc te vai dia phuang cho tirng ddi tugng chinh quydn ngudi dan vd cac dan vi sdn xuat cung cap nude sgch dd ndng muc san long tra va sy nhan ihuc ciia hd ddi voi djch vy cap nude sach S.2 Kien nghi Qua kdt qud nghien cuu cho thdy gid tri eiia tdi nguyen nudc can phai dugc gjCr gin bao ve ngudn nude ngpt, khai thdc phai cd quy hoach tdng thd djnh hudng phat trien quan ly ngudn nudc va khdng dd bj d nhiem mdi trudng Chinh quyen dja phuang ngoai viec nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi dan ve viec ngudn nudc ngam dang bi d nhiem khdng an loan cho sue khde tuydn truydn van dgng ngudi dan sii dyng nudc sach cdn phdi cd chinh sach ho trg gid nudc cho cdc khu vyc vjjng sdu vimg xa nh&ng vung cdn nhidu khd khan, thu nhap ciia ngudi dan cdn thap.^Chinh quydn dja phuang cung cd thd hd irg cho ngudi dan ngodi gia nudc su dyng cdn cd thd ho trg bdng each lap dai dudng dng dong hd nudc he thdng nudc mien phi dd giiip giam phan ndo chi phi phai trd ciia ngudi ddn dd dugc su dung nudc sgch Nhu da ndu d phdn irdii gid nudc d Thanh phd Cao Lanh hidn van cdn thap han cdc dja phuang khac vi chinh quydn dja phuong van cdn dang Irg cap phdn Didu nen cht dp dung mdt thdi gian dau den ngudi dan cd thu nhap cao han thi cd thd ihay ddi mirc gia nudc cung cdp ddng thi mirc sdn Idng ira cang thap va ngugc lai Do dd, giai phap ddi vdi ydu td.nay Id giiip ngudi dan tu giac thyc hidn gia dinh quy md nhd phii hgp didu kien kinh id ciia mdi gia dinh cham lo ddi sdng vdl chat va tinh than cua gia dtnh nhdm ndng cao chat lugng cudc sdng Didu cd thd thuc hicn dugc tuang Iai gan vi cac hg gia dinh hidn ddu cd it ngoai trir khu vuc ndng thdn, viing sdu vimg xa Ihi qui md hg gia dinh cdn Idn (mgtcap vg chdng cd trdn dira con), cdn Iai phdn Idn la gia dinh cd qui md nhd cho ndn muc sdn Idng chi ud cua hg sd tdng ldn cdi cd the lam them, cd thdm thu nhgp cho gia dinh Cdng ty cung cap nudc can tang cudng hd trg cho cdng tdc ddo lao chuydn mdn kJ thudt vd qudn Iy trien khai nhanh dd an vd md rgng cac hinh thuc dgy nghd ndng thdn, dao tao ngudn nhan lyc phuc vy phdt tridn ndng nghiep, ndng thdn dap ung yeu cdu nhidm vu mdi Cdng ty cap nudc va chinh quydn dia phuang can chii trgng bdi dudng dgi ngfl cdn bg ca sd, dao tgo ndng dan dd lidp can nam bat khoa hgc cong nghd mdi, gan kdt vira dao tao nghe va giai quyel vice lam dd chuydn dich Iao dgng ndng nghiep sang ITnh vyc khdc dd cai thidn ddi sdng, ldng thu nhap cho ngudi ddn Theo kdl qua phan lich hdi quy la Ihdy, ngudi ddn thj cd muc sdn long tra cao han khu vyc ndng thdn, do dd ndng cao muc sdng va thu nhap ciia ngudi dan cho vide sir dung nudc sach, can thiel cd cac giai phap tac dgng ddn ydu id khu vyc ndng Ihdn Dd la nhOng chinh sdch vd giai phdp phdt tridn khu vyc ndng thdn Cdngty cdp nude cdn ddy manhcdn^ nham thu hep dan khodng each giiia viing tac Ihdng tin - gido due - Iruyen thdng \e ndng thdn va ihdnh thj nang dan muc sdng nudc sgch eho ngudi dan nhal la cac hg ciia ngudi dan d ndng thdn Cdng dn vice ngheo nhdm lirng budc thay ddi hanh vi ldm CO y nghTa quan trgng ddi vdi ngudi sir dung nudc sach ctia ngudi dan Cdng ddn va cd tdc dgng ddn klia nang chi tra t>' cap nudc cdn tranh thti sy hd trg cua cua hg Do dd, ddi vdi cac ngudi dan cd thu chinh quydn dia phuang, cac ban ngdnti nhgp thdp cdn cd chinh sach gia phii hgp cd tidn quan nhu: Sd Y td, Sd Tai Nguyen (cd thd cdng t> chinh quydn dia phuang ho Mdi Trudng, Sd Tlidng tin truyen thdng irg them) Dong thai, kinh td dia phuang dd tuyen truydn giao due,., nhdm giiip cd phat tridn ngudi dan cd tlidm thu nhap ngudi ngheo hidu ro tdc hai eiia vide sir nhd CO ihem \icc lam se ndng cao mue san dung nudc khdng sach ddn sire khoe cua long chi tra ciia hg hg, cdn lam ngudi dan hidu thd nao la nudc Ydu id quy md hg lac dgng Icn muc sach gido due ndng cao y Ihuc bag ve mdi sdn Idng trd, so ngudi f ^ i ^ g c ^ ^ g g cac ldng Idp nhdn dan JTHt/VlENJ 18 TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO (26) 2012 Cong ly Cap nudc phai cd mgt so bien phap uu ticn lang cudng chong that thoat nude, gidm l>' Id lhal ihoal nudc vi hien ty le that thoat cdn cao; ndng cao chdi Iugng dich vu tiet kidm chi phi dd giam gia thdnh sdn xuat nudc sach mpt cdch hgp ly dd cung cap cho ngudi dan Ben canh dd cdng t>' can xdy dyng cac chinh sdch gia cd phan hiet giiJa khu vyc thi \ a nong Ihdn theo hudng nghien cuu dau lu va xdy dyng muc gid hgp Iy cho khu vyc ndng thdn giai doan ddu nham khuydn khich ngudi dan ndng ihdn sit dyng nudc sach Xay dyng cac muc gid luy tidn phii hgp cho cac hd gia dinh cd ihu nhap thdp hd ngheo, han chd dugc vide su dyng nudc lang phi Tang cudng cong tac truydn thong, phdi hgp vai chinh quyen vgn dgng vdi cpng ddng dd mpi ngudi hidu vd chdi Iugng san phdm, dich vy, xdy dyng y thuc tham gia ciia ngudi dan su dung, tidt kidm, bao vd ngudn nudc vd bdo vd mdi irudng Chinh quydn dia phuang ngoai viec ndng cao nhdn tbirc cua ngudi ddn vd vice ngudn nudc ngdm dang hi nhidm, khdng an lodn cho sue khoe, tuydn iruyen van dgng ngudi dan sir dung nudc sgch ma cdn phdi cd chinh sdch ho trg gia nudc cho cdc khu vue vimg sdu viing xa nhung viing cdn nhidu khd khan, thu nhdp ciia ngudi dan cdn ihdp Chinh quydn dja phuang cung cd thd hd trg cho ngudi ddn ng,odi gia nudc su dung co thd ho trg bang each lap dat dudng dng ddng hd nudc, he thdng nudc, midn phi de giiip giam phan ndo chi phi phdi tra cua ngudi dan dii duoc sir dung nudc sach Nhu da neu d phan tren gia nudc d Tp Cao Lanh hicn van cdn thap han cac dja phuong khac vi ehinh quyen dia phuang vdn cdn dang trg cap phan Didu nen chi dp dung mgt thdi gian dau ddn ngudi dan co thu nhap cao han tht cd the thay ddi muc gid nudc cung cap Dd tai nghien cuu dugc thuc hien hoan chinh va phdn anh khoa hge dya trdn kdl qua didu ira Tuy nhien, ngudn lyc vd phgm vi cd gidi hgn ndn nghien ciru chua ludng hel nhu'ng ydu td tac ddng ddn muc san ldng tra vi du: bien nhan thuc vd mdi trudng chua su dung mdt thang cu thd nao ma chi dimg bidn dummy (cd hay khdng cd niian thuc) dd TAILISUTHAMKHAO AloyceR.Kaliba David W.Norman, and Yang-Ming Ciiang, (2003).»Willingness to Pay to Improve Domestic Water Supply in Rural Areas of Central Tanzania: Implications for Policy.» International Journal of Sustainable Development and World l-cology, 10(2) June 2003, 119-132 Churai Tapvong and Jittapatr Kruavan, (2003) Water quality Improvement: A Contingent valuation Study ofthe Chao Phrava River, (hup;, ' ^ v i d r c ca'uploads/ uscr-S/10536I355I0ACF23D.pdf) Shion Guha (2007) Valuation of Clean Water Supply by Willingness to Pay Method in a Developing Kalion: A Case Study in Calcutta, India Volume 17 Issue on 10 October 2007 - J.D.BirIa Inititule Dept of Management Jadavpur University Calcutta India (http:.//www.jyi,ofg/researeh.'re.php?id=1295) Vfi Thanh Danh, (2008) Ton thdt kinh td ciia d nhidm nudc ngdm d Ddng bang sdng Vo Thanh Danh (2010), Danh gia nhan thuc eiia ngudi ddn vd d nhiem nsudn nudcsdng Tapchi Khoahpc20IO:15b 38-45 Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tho KINHTE 19 Thomas Sterner (2002) Cdng cy chinh sdch eho quan ly tiii nguyen va mdi trudng NXB Tdng Hgp TP.Hd Chi Minh, 2008 R.Kerry Turner David Pearce va Ian Bateman, (1995) Kinh id mdi irudng, TT Xghien cuu Kinh td & XH ve mdi trudng loan cau Dai hgc Hast Anslia va Dgi hgc Luan Ddn N.Gregory Mankiw (2003), Nguyen 1> Kinh td hgc, Trudng Dai hgc Tdng hgp Harvard Luat ldi nguyen nudc sd 1998/Qn 20 05.-1998 Qude hdi ban hdnh Quydt djnh sd 1929/QD-lTg 20/11-/2009 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu vd phd duydt dinh hudng phat trien cap nude dd thj vd khu cdng nghidp Viet Nam den ndm 2025 va tam nhin ddn nam 2050 ... tdng thu nhdp cao hon > tridu cd muc sdn long tra cao hon cdc nhom khac 5.786 ddng gid nudc Dong Thap 4.091 ddng Nhung hp CO tdng thu nhap cao khd ndng chi tra cho Im'' nudc sach cao hon nhfrng... lam nhiciu i l cdng cao thi muc sdn long chi tra cdng cao, ngudi sdng phu Ihudc thi mirc san Idng tra nhu vay chung td nnh huang ve trinh cho I m ^ nudc sach ciia chu ho cao h a n , hoc v a n... long Ira cua tat ca cac phdn ddu cao han gia nudc hien 4,091 ddng/ m"'' doi vdl hp gia dinh chu hp cd nghd nghiep cdng chirc hoac vicn chuc ihi muc san long Ira cao htm cac nganh nghe khac ti''nh
Ngày đăng: 08/11/2022, 10:22
Xem thêm:
