?a Wn ' M^n tiint) x a hdi hpc s6 (128), 2014 NHIJNG CON SO VE THAT NGHIEP VA vigc LAM CUA VIET NAM: HIEN TRANG VA TRIEN VQNG NGUY6N THI LAN HLTONO" Boi cinh kinh tl vl mo Thdi ky 2010 din nay, nin kinh tl Viet Nam cd sv phyc hdi, ting ttirdng GDP tii mirc thip, 5% vao nim 2011, da ting len 5,42% nam 2013 vi ciu kiln si dat 5,8% vao nam 2014 S\r khdi sic niy cd phin ddng gdp vio cdng cupc tii ciu true, gia tang von diu ttr toan xi hpi (ty le ttong GDP tilp tue, dat 30,1% vio qui 2/2014) Vipc kiem soit lpi phit da gdp phin giim tdc dp ting gii tieu dimg xuong cdn 4,8% qui 2/2014 (du kiln khoing - 9% nim 2014) Bi khdi sic cua nin kinh te cimg vdi nhftng xu hudng nhin khiu trude dd da cd nhftng tic dpng tich cue din thj trudng lao dpng Vi?t Nam burdc vio thiri ky gii hda din so Bin 1/7/2014, din so Viet Nam dat 90,659 ttipu ngudi, tang 1,04% so vdi cudi nam 2013 Thdi ky 2010 - 2013, tdc dp ting dan sd da xuong muc thip, 1,05% mpt nim, binh quin moi nam ehi tang 928 nghin ngudi Ngupe Isu, rieng dan s6 tir 60 tudi m5i nam tang 387 nghin ngudi, tde dp tang 4,43%/nam Ty Ip din sd 60 tudi ttd len ting tir 9,4% nim 2010 len 10,4% nam 2013 vi 10,46% vio qui 2/2014, eho thiy Viet Nam da chinh thiie bude vio thdi ky gii hda dan so dien song hinh vdi eo ciu "dan sd vang" (UNFPA, 2011) Bing I Xu huihig nhin khau thiri ky 2010 - 2014 tyi^tang 2010 2011 2012 2013 1/7/2014 trung blnh 2010-2013 (%) Ting dfin s6 86.933 87.840 88.776 89.716 90.659 Nh6m - tuoi 21.223 20.724 20.585 20.763 21.341 J 1,04 M -0.15.a3 8.172 8.872 9.056 9.334 9.479 o,39;9| Nh6m - ni6i 24,41 23,59 23,19 23,14 23,54 -0,73 • Nh6m60+ 9,40 10,10 10,20 10,40 10,46 4,43 D&n s6 (nghin ngufri) Nh6m 60+ Tyls(%) Ngudn: Tinh todn dira trin cdc sd liiu thdng ki dia UNFPA qua cdc ndm * TS, Vipn Khoa hpc Lao dpng va Xd hpi, Bp Lao dpng • Thuang binh vd Xd hpi Nguyen Thf Lan Huang 65 Quy mo lijrc lirgng lao ddng Ung cao lam gia tang ap lyc vi^c lam 3.1 Nguon nhan lire Den 1/7/2014, nguon nhan l\rc (dan so tir 15 tuoi tro len) ca nuac dgt 69,313 trieu ngu6i So vdi muc tang dan so, muc tSng nguon nhan lire cao han, khoang 992 nghin ngudi/nSm (2010 - 2013), voi toe dp tang trung binh 1,48%/nam BSng Xu buiJiig thj trirdng lao d$ng thfri ky 2000 - 2014 Dan s6 tir 15 tuoi tro len (nghin nguOi) 2010 2011 2012 2013 D^n 1/7/2014 65.711 67.165 68.195 68.687 69.313 Toe fdng % 2,00 2,21 1,53 0,72 0,91 Muc lang (nghin ngudi) 1,290 1,454 1,030 4,92 6,26 Luc luong lao dong (nghin ngudi) 50.837 51.724 52.348 53.246 53714 Tdcdo ting % 3,11 1,74 1,21 1,72 0,88 Miic tSng (nghin ngudi) 1.535 887 624 898 468 Coclu(%) Nam 51,39 51,50 51,42 51,40 51,30 NH 48,61 48,50 48,58 48,60 48,70 Thanh tht 27,99 29,67 30,35 30,13 29,43 Nongthdn 72,01 70,33 69,65 69,87 70,57 Nhom 15-24 luoi 18,3 16,5 15,1 14,9 14,1 Nhom 25-59 ludi 75.6 76,7 77,6 77,2 77,7 Nhom60+ 6,1 6,8 7,3 7,9 8,2 Ty 1| tham gia TTLD (%) 77,4 77,0 76,8 77,5 77,5 Nam 82,0 81,7 8U 82,1 81,9 Na 73,0 72,6 72,5 73,2 73,4 Thanh tbi 69,5 69,7 70,0 70,3 70,0 NongIhon 81,0 80.6 80,1 81,1 81,2 Nguon Tong cvc Thong ke (2010 2014), Dieu tra Lao dong, vi?c iam hang qui Tuy nhien, tdc dp tang vi mirc ting ngudn nhan luc ttong thdi gian qua ed diu hieu bit thudng Tdc dp tang giam rit nhanh, tit 2% nam 2010, xudng cdn 0,71% nim 2013, vi cd dau hipu ph\ic hdi, ting 0,91% vao nOra diu nim 2014 Miic tang ngudn nhan Vc nam 2013 chi dfit 492 nghin ngudi vi ting ttd Iai vao nam 2014 66 Nhiing so ve that nghiep vd vijc ldm cm Viet Nam 3.2 Lire lufmg lao Oong Bin 1/7/2014, quy md luc lupmg lao dpng (LLLD: din so tit 15 tuoi ttd len dang lim viec va thit nghiep) d?t 53,714 ttipu ngudi So vdi miic tang ngudn nhan luc, miic tang luc luong lao ddng thip hon, ting khoing 803 nghin/nam (nhung toe dp tang eao hon, 1,54%/nam) Tuong tu nhu ngudn nhin luc, mitc ting Ivc lupng lao dpng giam nhanh, tit 1.535 nghin ngudi nam 2010 xudng cdn 624 nghin ngudi nam 2012, tang trd Iji nam 2013 (dat 896 nghin), giim chi cdn 468 nghin vio qui 2/2014, dv kien ci nim d^t muc thip hon nim 2013 - Theo gidi tinh, din 1/7/2014, nu chilm 48,7% ttong tdng Ivc lupng lao dpng, cao hon mpt chut so vdi nam 2010 Nhin ehung eo ciu Ivc lupng lao dong theo gidi tinh kh4 dn dinh thdi gian 2010 den - Theo dia bin, chuyin dich co ciu lao dpng theo thinh thi va ndng thdn chim Din 1/7/2014 ty le lao ddng thinh thi chilm 29,43% (nim 2010 ehilm 27,99%) - Theo nhdm tudi, co ciu lao dpng theo dp tuoi phin inh xu thi gii hda eia din so, vdi ty le lao dpng tre tdng lue lupng lao dpng giim manh, tit 18,3% nim 2010 xudng cdn 14,1% t?i thdi dilm 1/7/2014 Trii 1?!, ty le lao dpng tren tu6i (60-v) tang tir 6,1% len 8,2% ttong eiing thdi ky phin inh nhu ciu lam vipc nhilu hon cua ngudi cao tuoi tic dpng cua gii hda dan sd Ty Ip tham gia Iuc lupng Iao dpng dat rit eao Din 1/7/2014, ty le chung dat 77,5%, cua nam cao hon nit, eua thj cao hem ndng thon Chat Ivpng nguin nhan luc thap Din hit qui 2/2014, van cdn tren 43,76 trieu ngudi, chiem gan 81,8% LLLD chua dupe dao t?o Sd lao dpng qua dio tao (cd bing cap, chuyen mdn ky thu^t) chi khoang 18,3% tdng sd lao dpng vi ting rit cham (nim 2010 Ii djt 14,7%) Bang So iu^ng v^ t^ 1^ Iao d^ng c6 chuyen mon ky huat: 2010 -2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 1/7/2014 Tdng luc luong lao d^ng (nghin nguoi) 50837 51724 52348 53246 53714 Co chuyen mon k)f thu^l 7473 8069 8794 9691 9954 Khong CO chuyen mon iy thuat 43364 43655 43554 43555 43760 Co cau luc luong lao d$ng (%): Khong cfiuyen mon 1^ thuat 85,3 84,4 83,2 81,8 81,75 Co chuyen mon ky thuat 14,70 15,60 16,80 18,20 18,25,J Dgy nghi 3,8 4,0 4,7 5,4 4,8.« 3,7 2.IM 7.79 Trong dO: Trung hoc chuyin nghiep 3,5 3,7 3,7 3,7 Cao ding 1.7 1,8 2,0 2,0 Dai hoc Ird ten 5,7 6,1 6,4 7,1 Dieu tra La0 ddng Viettam bdng V' Nguon: Tdng cue Thdng ke (2010 2014), Nguyen Thf Lan Huang 67 Theo danh gia ciia ILO (2014), ngudn lao dpng tre va d6i dao da mo cho Viet Nam nhilu ca hpi, nhung trinh dp kj? nang va chuyen mon thdp cua nguoi lao dong lai can tra Viet Nam n i m bat nhung co hpi co cong viec t6t Trim trpng hon n&a la sir chenh I?ch giiia ky nSng ciia he thdng giao due va dao tao trang bi cho nguai lao dpng va nhu cSu th\rc te cua doanh nghiep hien tai va tuang lai', he qua cua tinh trang la nang suSt lao dpng cua Viet Nam o vao mtic thap nhat cua Chau A - Thai Binh Duong Cy thd nam 2013, nang suAt lao dOng cua Vi?t Nam chi bang 1/15 ciia Singapore va chi bang 1/5 ciia Malaysia, 2/5 ciia Thai Lan, hai quoc gia thu nhap trung binh khae thupc khoi ASEAN Kinh te phuc hoi tao co* hpi vi^c lam tot hon, nhien chuyen djch cot cau vi^c lam cham, ty If vi^c lam co thu nh^p thap cao Tinh din 1/7/2014, co khoang gan 52,84 trieu nguoi dang lam vi?c So vdi nguon nhan l\rc va luc luang lao dpng, toe dp tang viec lam cao han, la dieu kien de giam thSt nghiep Tuy nhien, tucmg tu nhu doi voi nguon nhan lyc va luc lugng lao dpng, muc tSng vi?c Iam giam rdt nhanh cac nSm gan day tac dpng cua khung hoang kinh te, cu thg: truoc nam 2010, vi$c lam tang tren 1,1 - L2 trieu moi nam, hien tai chi tang khoang 800 ngdn moi nam, m^c du nin kinh t% da co ddu hi?u tang truong tra lai Bang Vi$c l i m vd ty If v i ^ l^m/dan s6 thjri kj'2010 - 2014 Tong s6 vifc Itim (nghtn ngudi) Mirc tang (nghin ngudi) 2010 2011 2012 2013 1/7/2014 49.494 50.679 51.422 52.208 52.838 1.479 1.185 743 786 630 1.5 1,2 76,2 76,2 Toe tang (%) 3,1 2,4 1,5 Ty 1$ vifc lam/dSn s6 (%) 75,8 76,0 76,3 Ngudn: Tdng cue Thdng ke (2010, 2014), Diiu tra Lao dgng viic ldm hdng qui Ty I? vi?c lam/dan s6 ciia Vi|t Nam rdt cao va co xu the tSng, dat 76,2% vao qui 2/2014, phdn anh su tham gia nhieu hon cua lao dpng tren tuoi vao thi truong lao dpng Rieng nSm 2014, tinh hinh viec ldm dien bien "nguac": - Quyl/2014: T6ng s6 nguoi lam viec Id 52,5 trieu nguoi, giam 324 nghin ngucri so voi quy truac, do, nO c6 25,6 tri?u nguoi (chiem 45,2%) - Quy 2/2014: ngugc l?i, chCmg kiln s\r phuc hoi kha dn tugng ciia nganh xdy dtpig vd cong nghipp chi bien, che tgo (vi?c lam tdng them tucmg iing la 190,8 va 154,8 nghin nguoi), cao hem tong so vi?c ldm tang them qui Trong mpt cu^c khio sit ve nhu cau k$ nSng mdi dSy ILO th\rc hi^n t^l hon 200 doanh nghifp nginh du Ijch d mien Trung Vi^t Nam, toin b0 cic chu doanh nghi?p deu cho bilt sinh vifin t^t nghi?p cic tniimg d?iy nghe khdng dip ^ g dugc yeu clu cflng vi?c t^i doanh nghi?p Nhiing sS ve thdt nghipp vd vipc ldm cOa Vipt Nam - Cac ngdnh bi giam viec lam bao gom: tdi chinh ngdn hang va bdo hiem (giam 66,6 nghin nguoi); Bdn buon, bdn le va sua chCra to, xe mdy va xe eo dpng ca khde gidm 23,5 nghin viec lam - Dang chu y Id viec lam nganh "nong, lam nghi?p vd thuy san" gidm manh (101 nghm ngucri), mpt phan lao dpng tro lai khu cong nghiep va khu che xudt Bang Co cau vi^c lim thixi k^ 2010 - 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 1/7/2014 Nam 51,6 51,7 51,5 51,4 51,3 Nd 48,4 48,3 48,5 48,6 48,7 Thinh thi 27,6 29,3 30,0 29,7 29,4 N6ng then 72,4 70,7 70,0 70,3 70,6 Nong, Idm nghiep va thiiy sdn 48,7 48,4 47,4 46,8 47,1 Cdng nghiep vd xay dung 21,7 21,3 21,2 21,2 21,1 Dich vu 29,6 30,3 31,4 32,0 31,8 Khu vuc kinh t^: Theo vj the \km vi^c; Chii casa SXKD 3,4 2,9 2,7 2,5 2,1 Tuldm 43,3 43,9 45,1 45,5 41,2 Lao ddng gia dinh 19,4 18,6 17,5 17,2 21,4 Ldm cdng dn luang 33,8 34,6 34,7 34,8 35,2 Ngudn Tdng cue Thing ke (2010 2014) Diiu tra Lao ddng viec ldm hdng qui Theo gioi tinh, din 1/7/2014, vi?c lim cua nam gioi chiSm 51,3%, nil chigm 48,7% Thcri ky tit 2010 den nay, xu huong viec lam cho nil ting Ien mgt chiit - Chuyen dich co ciu viec Iam nong thon - thj cung cham, din 1/7/2014, chi co gan 30% viec Iam thi, khu vvc nong thon rong Ion van la noi tao vi?c lim cho 70% dancu - Theo nginh kinh 16, su chuySn dich co ciu Iao dong cung chsim: sau mgt tha gian glim nhanh (truoc 2009), khu vuc nong lim ngu nghiep duong nhu kho rut lao dgng them Den cudi qui 2/2014, ty I? lao dgng nganh niy vln chiam 47% (giim nhe tir 48,7% nim 2010) - Theo vi the, ty trgng Iao dgng lim cong in luong tdng vi?c lim mic du thip hon cuoi nim 2013, nhiing da ting tro Iji, djt 35,19%, cao hon mot chiit so vdi nim 20IO (33,8%) Dang luu y Ii tit nim 2010 dSn nay, ty Ig chu co so sin xuit kinh doanh giam Nguyen Thf Lan Huang 69 lien tyc, phdn anh xu thk doanh nghiep bi dong cua va pha san so vdi co scr sdn xudt Trong d6, lao dpng gia dinh lai co xu huong tdng len - Rieng qui 2/2014, co sir gia tdng vi$c lam khu vuc kinh te tu nhdn so v6i qui truoc (tfing 61 ngdn ngufid), khu vuc co von ddu tu nuoc ngoai (tdng 11 nghin ngu6i) Tuy nhien, vi$c ldm khu v\rc kinh te cd the cung tang m^mh (356 nghin nguoi) cho thdy chuyen djch thi truang lao ddng khd phiic tap vd chua hieu qud Bat c$p tinmg quan giva ca cau dao t^o va cv cau vi^c lam Nhu tren dd neu, mpt nhflng mit that ciia Vi$t Nam la ngu6n nhan luc c6 chuyen mon ky thudt Tuy nhien vdn dh khong chi la thiSu nhdn l\rc dugc dao tao Co the thay ro bat c^p ndy qua so sdnh tucmg quan gifla phdn b6 vice lam theo nghi vd chuyen mdn ky thudt Den 1/7/2014, co tren 22 tri?u nguoi khong co chuyen mon ky thudt, hodc cd chuyen mdn ky thuat nhung khong co chiing chi bdng cdp, dang ldm nhflng nghe ddi hdi cd chuyen mdn ky thudt (dac bi^t la cac nghe lao dpng co l^ thugt nong nghipp, thff thu eong eo ky thugt va thcr eo ky thugt lap rdp va vgn hanh may moc) Co gan 94 nghin ngudi thupc nhdm "nhd ldnh dao" nhung khdng cd bang cdp, chung chi chuyfin mdn ky thu^t nao Trdi l^i, cd tdi 750 nghin ngudi cd trinh dp dai hpc vd tren dai hpc dang lam cac nghe yeu cdu chuyen mdn ky thu|it thap hem (nhu cac nghe "nhdn vien djch vy cd nhan, bdo V? trdt t\r an todn xa hpi va bdn hang cd ky thuat", "nhan vien - chuyen mdn so cap, ky thi4t ldm vi?c tgi vdn phdng, ban giay" vd "chuyen mdn ky thudt bac tnmg"), d$c bi?t la g4n 90 nghin ngudi so dd chi lam cdng vi^c lao dpng gidn don Thu nh^p cua ngudi lao d^ng kha on djnh, tri d* mirc th^p Thu nhdp binh quan thdng tir cdng vi^c chinh ciia Iao dpng gidm nh^ thoi ky 2010 - 2013 vd cd xu hudng tang trd lai qui 2/2014, dat 4,35 tri^u d^ng/thang Thu nhgp binh quan thdng tir cdng vi?c chinh ciia lao dpng nu thdp hon ciia lao dpng nam vd khodng each cd xu hudng gia tdng (91,2% ndm 2010 so vdi 90,8% cua qui 2/2014) Thu nhdp binh qudn thdng tii cdng vi$c chinh ciia iao ddng ndng thdn thap han cua thdnh thj, nhien khoang cdch ciing gidm nh? (66% so vdi 72.3% ciia Qui 1/2014) - Ndu so sdnh theo nganh kinh te, qui 2/2014, thu nhgp binh qudn thdng ciia Iao dpng nhdm ngdnh "ndng - ldm nghi?p vd thuy san" van thdp nhdt, 3,0 tri?u d6ng/thang, nhdm ngdnh "cdng nghipp - xay dyng" Id 4,3 tri?u ddng vd nhdm ngdnh "djch vy" Id 5,2 tripu ddng - Neu so sdnh theo nghe, thu nhap bmh quan thang qui 2/2014 cua nhdm "ldnh dgo" Id cao nhat (7,7 tri^u dong); tilp dfin Id nhdm "chuyen mdn ky thugt bgc cao" (6,5 tripu d6ng); thap nhat Id nhdm "lao dpng gidn don" (3 tripu dong) 70 Nhiing sd ve thdt nghipp vd vipc ldm ctia Vipt Nam B i n g Thu nh$p ti^ cdng v i ^ chinh ciia lao d$ng: - Danvi: nghin ding T6C d« tang D^n 1/7/2014 2010-2013, (%) 2010 2011 2012 2013 Chung 4.316 3.997 4.072 4.119 4.335 -1.56 Nam 4.481 4.172 4.238 4.291 4.509 -1.44 NH 4.086 3.749 3.832 3.872 4.092 -1.79 Th&nhthi 5.319 4.753 4.765 4.876 5.119 -2.90 Ndng thdn 3.515 3.376 3.489 3.528 3.700 0.12 Ty If cOa nH/nam (%) 0,91 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,91 Ty If n6ng thon/thjuih thj (%) 0,66 0,71 0,73 0,72 0,72 Blnh quSn moi th&ng (nghin dong) Ngudn: Tdng cvc Thdng ke (2010, 2014) Diiu tra Lao ddng viec ldm hdng qui Hinh Thu nh$p binh quHn Iao d$ng tian cong Sn linnig theo nghi, qui 2/2014 Dan vi: trieu dong 9.0 80 7.0 6,0 50 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 III IIIlliI 3.7 4.0 38 a g^ Ngudn: Tdng cue Thdng ke (2013 2014) Biiu tra Lao dong viec Idm hang qui Van mgt bg phan ding k^ nguiri lao dpng co thu nhip thip Quy 2/2014 so nhiing nguoi lim cong in luong, 18,6% co thu nhap thip (duoi 2,7 trigu d6ng/thing, tuong ung 2/3 miic thu nhap trung vj) Ty lg Iao dgng c6 thu nhap thip die bigt cao nhdm khong c6 chuyen mon ky thujit (82,2%), ngh^ "Iao dgng giin don" (43,2%), nh6m Iao dgng tre (26,3% or nhom 25 - 34 tu6i vi 23,9% b nhdm 15 - 24 tudi) Nguyen Thj Lan Huang 71 Hlnh Ty If lao Aqa% cd thu nhaip thip Don vj: % C6CMKT Khflng cfl CMKT mi^^m 178 Lao Oflng gidn ikm The cA k9 thuM lap rdp vd vdn hdnh mdy mfle thi4t bi W • 42 Tholhij cflng cfl k9thuat Lao a&ig cfl KT tnxig NLTS Nhflnvidndichvucanhdn btev4v3 bdn hdng cd M ^ ^ S Nhdnvtdn m es Chuydn mfln k^thudt bdc tmng • • f\? Chuydn mfln k|^thudt bdc cao m 31 Cdc nhd ldnh dao 11 Trdn 60 55-59 ^m R4 45-54 ^ ^ ^ i'9; 35-44 ^ ^ ^ 212 25-34 ^^mmm 265 15-24 • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^3 ' m*i 10 ^ 30 40 , j i 50 60 70 80 90 Ngudn: Tdng cue Thdng ki (2014) Dieu tra Lao dgng viec ldm qui 2/2014 That nghidp va thieu viec lim giim, d^t mirc thap nhit m$t nam qua Mgt diem sang thoi gian qua, li tinh tr?ng thieu vigc lim di giim tic dgng cia giim cung lao dgng vi phyc hoi cua nen kinh te Den 1/7/2014, ca nu6c c6 871,8 nghin nguoi dg tuoi Iao dgng bj that nghigp, 393 nghin ngucri li nii (chiem 45,1%); 479 nghin ngu6i thinh thi (chiem 55%); 521,4 nghin nguoi khong c6 chuyen mon ky thugt (chiem 59,8%); 147 nghin nguoi co trinh dai hgc trd len (chiem 16,9%) Tit 2010 dta 2013, ty If thit nghidp dg tu6i lao dgng giim 5,9%, vi ty Ig thita vi$c lim giim 5,8% Nhihig ty I^ niy khong khic biet nhita theo gioi hay giOa khu v\rc thinh thi vi nong thon Tuy nhita rieng nhom nita, ty lg thit nghidp cua nam giim 5% thi ty Ig thit nghigp cua niS l?i ting 2,4% Quy 2/2014, ty Ig thit nghiep cua nu nita Ii gin 10,7%, cao hon hin so voi cua nam tuta (5,4%) Thcri ky 2010 - 2013, so nguoi thieu vigc lam^ giim 415 nghin ngucri, hay 5,3%/n5m Ty lg ngudi thiiu vigc lim d$ tuoi Iao dgng giim tu 3,1% xu6ng cdn gin 2,3% Tai thoi diem 1/7/2014, c6 1,14 tri^u ngu6i dg tuoi Iao dgng thita vi^c lim C6 tdi 86,3% s5 ngudi thiiu vi^c lim song nong thon vi 55% so nguoi thiiu vigc lim la nam gidi Ty Ig thiiu vigc lim cua lao dgng nong thon li 2,8%, cao gip 1,24 Ian so vdi ty Ig chung ci nudc; cua lao d^ng nhom nginh "nong - Iam nghigp vi thuy sin" li 3,6%; cua nhdm "Iao d$ng hg gia duih" Ii 3,1% vi "Iao dgng tu Iam" Ii 2,6% S6 gid lim • Li nhOng nguiri 14m vi{c du4i 35 giir mOt tuin, mong mu6n v4 s3n sing 14m thSm vi$c 12 Nhiing s6 ve that nghiep vd viec ldm cua Viet Nam vigc thuc ti binh quan cua nhdm "Iao d§ng thiiu vigc lim" la 23,3 gid/tuan, chi bing 52% so vdi thdi gian lim viec thuc ti binh quan chung (45 gid/tuin) Bing Ty If thit nghilp v^ thieu vifc lam: 2010-2014 Danvi: % 2010 2011 2012 2013 Den 1/7/2014 Tic df tang 2010-2013 2,3 2,2 2,3 1,9 1,8 -5,9 Nam 2,2 2,1 2,3 1,9 1.9 -6,2 Nu 2,3 2,2 2,4 2,0 1,8 -5,6 Thdnh tiii 3,8 3,7 3,6 3,2 3,3 -5,8 Ndngthon 1,6 1,5 1,7 1,3 1,2 -6,5 6,2 5,9 6,9 5,9 5,1 -1,1 Nam 5,7 5,0 6,1 4,9 5,4 -5,0 Na 6,8 6,3 8,0 7,3 10,7 2,4 Thdnh thi 11,3 10,4 11,5 11,2 3,4 -0,3 Ndng tiidn T^ If thit nghifp dd tudi LD Ty If thit nghifp nien 4,6 4,1 5,5 4,3 0,0 -2,2 Ty If thiiu vifc 14m 3,0 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,2 -5,3 Ty If thiiu vifc dd hiii LD 3,1 2,5 2.6 2,6 2,3 -5,7 Ngudn: Tdng ctfc Thong ke (2010, 2014), Diiu tra Lao dgng viec ldm hdng qui Trien vgng kinh ti vi thj tnrdng lao dgng Theo dv bio, kinh ti Vigt Nam tiip tyc ph\ic hoi (du kiin sa d?t miic ting GDP 5,8%, ty Ig von diu tu toan xi hgi GDP dat 31%) vi diiu niy sS cd tic dgng tich c\ic dta thi trudng lao dgng B\f kita, nhu ciu Iao dgng tiip tyc ting mjnh cic nganh cdng nghigp che biin che tgo, sin xuit phan phoi dita, dot, thong tin vi truyen thong, hogt dgng y ti vi trg giiip xi hgi (ting khoing 3,5% - 4% so vdi thing diu nim 2014) Lao dgng nginh tii chinh, ngan hing yi bio hiem tiip lyc giim Tuy nhita, chit lugng lao dgng dip iing yta ciu tii ciu true nin kmh ti van li thach thUc Do qui trinh bita doi co ciu dan so, sure ep vi vigc lam se giim di Tuy nhita, nhu cau ning cao chit Iugng vigc lim li mgt nhflng khd khin Giim ty lg thiiu vigc lam citog nhu ty lg vigc lim cd thu nh^p thip cd vai trd rit quan trgng Thiic day chuyin djch co ciu Iao dgng Ii mgt thich thiic Tmh trgng giim ty lg cic chu doanh nghiep vi ting ty lg lao dgng h0 gia dinh s6 co nguy co ting ty 1^ vigc lim de bj ton thuong Do vay, cin tap trung ho trgr cic doanh nghigp, djc bigt li doanh nghigp nhd vi vua, vtrgt qua khung hoing di tiip tyc tgo vigc lim Nguyen Thf Lan Hieang 73 Tap trung nang cao chuyen mon ky thuat ciia nguon nhan luc va luc lupng lao dpng 1^ rat can thiet Chi co nhiing chinh sach khuydn khich hpc sinh hQC nghd, tap trung tang ty 1? Iao dong qua dao t^o, doi mai dao tao dk co nhiing ky nang mcri, tieu chudn moi Cac doanh nghiep dong thoi cung la noi dat cac yeu ciu dao tao doi voi ngudn nhan luc De phat trien ky ning theo nhu cau thi truong, can dAy m?inh su tham gia cua doanh nghi?p vko h^ thong gido due v^ dao tao (ILO, 2014a) Cac chuang trinh uu dai thue cho cac doanh nghidp tham gia ddo tao cSn phai dupe tridn khai Tich eyre chuSn b\ nguon nhan i\rc cho qua trinh hpi nhap ASEAN Theo d\r bao ciia ILO (2014b), Vi?t Nam sg c6 kha nSng tao them dupe trieu vi?c lam (10% so vi?c lam tang them d£n nSm 2025 cua toan bp kh6i ASEAN) tac dpng ciia xay dung c0ng dfing ASEAN, nhung 60% s6 viec ldm la viec lam ydu thd Do vay, cdn tdng cuong an sinh xd h^i, ho trp ngu6i lao dpng tham gia cac chuong trinh Ihi truang lao dpng, bao hiem xd hpi, bdo hiem y te vd cac hinh thiic khae dd bao ve t6t han nguoi lao dpng, giam ty 1^ lao dpng thieu vide Idm Tdi li^u tham khao B0 Lao d0ng, Thuang binh vi XS h^i vi Tong cyc Thong ke 2014 Bdn lin thf truang lao dgng cgp nhdi hdng qui vd Qui IL ILO 2014a Newsletter Education business mismatch worsen already workforce quality and low productivity 110 2014b Managing integration for better jobs and shared prosperity Conference on ASEAN Community 2015 ILO 2013 K^t qui khio sAt 200 doanh nghidp nglinhdu Ijch mi^n Trung ViftNam T6ng cyc Th6ng k6 Niin gidm thong ki cdc ndm 2010 2011 2012, 2013 Nxb Th6ng ke Hi N^i T6ngcyc Thong k€ 2010 vi 2014 Diiu ira Lao dgng, viic ldm hdng qui UNFPA (Quy DSn so Lien Hgp Quoc) 2011 Gii h6a dan so vi ngudi cao tuoi a Vift Nam Hi N§i ... 803 nghin /nam (nhung toe dp tang eao hon, 1,54% /nam) Tuong tu nhu ngudn nhin luc, mitc ting Ivc lupng lao dpng giam nhanh, tit 1.535 nghin ngudi nam 2010 xudng cdn 624 nghin ngudi nam 2012, tang... nhanh, tit 2% nam 2010, xudng cdn 0,71% nim 2013, vi cd dau hipu ph\ic hdi, ting 0,91% vao nOra diu nim 2014 Miic tang ngudn nhan Vc nam 2013 chi dfit 492 nghin ngudi vi ting ttd Iai vao nam 2014... dpng tre va d6i dao da mo cho Viet Nam nhilu ca hpi, nhung trinh dp kj? nang va chuyen mon thdp cua nguoi lao dong lai can tra Viet Nam n i m bat nhung co hpi co cong viec t6t Trim trpng hon n&a