KINH T E - X A HOI VAI TRO TAO LAP CAC DIEU KIEN DE PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TRI THUfC CUA CHiNH PHU HONG KONG VA MOT SO BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM NGUYEN TH! GIANG- Tom tdt: Hong Kdng duac biet den nhu mot nen kinh te th} trudng tu cao do, chinh phu hgn che tdi da sic can thiep vdo cdc hogt dgng thi truang Tuy nhien, dieu dd khong co nghia vai trd cita chinh phii viec tgo ldp cdc dieu kien phdt triin kinh te tri thuc Id md nhgt, ngut^c lgi, chinh nhiing dgc diem ciia kinh te tri thiic khien cho mo hinh qudn ly nhd nudc ciia Hong Kong tdc dgng ldn den qud trinh xdy dung kinh te tri thiic d nen kinh te ndy Qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien kinh te tri thiic d Hdng Kong dien cung thdi gian vdi sic chuyen giao Hdng Kong trd ve Trung Qudc, tdm ly lo sa nhiing riii ro mang lgi sgu chuyen gigo dd ddn tdi nhiing bdt dn ve chinh tri vd kinh te, bugc chinh phii phdi can thiep nhieu han vdo nen kinh te Ben cgnh do, de gdp phdn day nhanh qud trinh tien vdo kinh te tri thiec, chinh phii Hdng Kdng da gia tdng chi lieu, tdi tra cho cdc chuang trtnh phat trien khoa hgc, cong nghe vd ddi mai Bdi vdy, ca che thi trudng tic cita Hdng Kong dang cd su chuyen minh vdi muc can thiep ngdy cdng gig tgng dig nhd nudc vdo cdc hogt dgng thi truang TCr khda; Hdng Kdng, Kinh td tri thuc, Vai trd nha nudc Boi canh hinh ndn kinh tc tri thirc a Hong Kong Thyc te, ^ tudng "Kinh td tri thuc" khdng phai Id y tudng mdi xudt hidn d Hdng Kdng Tuy nhidn, danh gid lai qua trinh cdng nghidp hda tai Hdng Kdng cho thdy giai doan dau cdc ngdnh cdng nghidp Hdng Kdng van chu ydu dya trdn thdm dyng vdn vd Iao ddng Didm mdc quan trpng ddn ddn su ehuydn bien thyc sy cfla Hdng Kdng sang kinh td tri thiic dupc ddnh dau bdi cudc khflng hodng tdi chinh, tidn td Ddng A xdy ndm 1997 Ld mdt ndn kinh td thj trudng ty cap dp nen Hdng Kdng khdng tranh khdi tac ddng tidu cyc cfla cudc khung hodng vd chju nhiJng thipt hai nang nd Ddng thdi, tdm ly lo sp rui rp Hdng Kdng dupc ehuydn giao vd tay Trung Qudc ndn hang loat doanh nghidp Hdng Kdng da di ehuydn sang cac nudc tu ban Tat cd nhirng vdn dd dd cdng hudng vdi dd ddy Hdng Kdng vdo ky nguyen mdi cfla suy thodi kinh td, khidn cac doanh nghidp Hdng Kdng phdi tim hudng di mdi de ty ciru minh Trong giai doan ndy, xu hudng hinh kinh te tri thiic da xudt Men d cdc nudc phat tridn ThS, Hpe vien Ngan hing 20 NGHIEN CdfO DONG B^C fl sd 3(169) 3-2015 Nghien citu khoa hoc nhu My, Nhdt Ban; cdc mat hdng cdng nghd cao ngdy cdng chiing td khd ndng canh tranh vd mang lai gid tri gia tang cao La mdt nen kinh td rdt ndng ddng, lai dang cdn hudng di dd khdi phye kinh td sau khung hodng, Hdng Kdng da nhanh chdng ndm bat dupc xu hudng ndy ndn da nhin ngudn tang trudng mdi tfl khung hodng Do do, Hdng Kdng dd cd nhitng budc ehuydn minh de xdy dung ndn kinh te tri thirc Nhd nhung budc di phfl hpp, hidn nay, Hdng Kdng dang thyc sy budc vdo ky nguyen tri thuc, la mdt sd it cdc ndn kinh td thd gidi md ddu hidu cfla kinh td tri thu:c da thd hidn rd net Vai tro tao lap cac dieu kl|n de phat trien kinh te tri thirc ciia chinh phii Hong Kong Hdng Kdng dupc bidt ddn nhu mdt ndn kinh td thj trudng ty cao dp, chinh phfl chi thd hien chiic ndng gidi quyet cdc vdn dd xa hdi vd hjn ehd tdi da sy can thidp cua minh vdo cac hoat ddng thj trudng Tuy nhien, didu dd khdng cd nghia vai trd cua chinh phu Hdng Kdng vide tao ldp cdc didu kien phat tridn kinh td tri thuc la md nhat, ngupc lai, chinh nhflng dac didm cua kinh td tri thuc khidn cho md hinh quan ly nhd nudc cua Hdng Kdng tdc ddng ldn ddn qua trinh xdy dyng kinh td tri thuc d ndn kinh td ndy Bdi vi, kinh td tri thirc la ndn kinh td dya trdn tri thflc vd thdng tin, vi vdy, ngudn iyc quan trpng nhat cfla kinh td tri thuc Id tri tue, mdt thupc tinh quan trpng cua ngudn nhdn lye De cd dupc dOi ngfl nhdn luc giau sue sang tao, ddp flng dupc ydu cdu cfla bdi canh kinh td mdi thi chuc nang thyc hidn cac vdn dd an sinh xd hpi nhu: giao dye ddo tao, y td, xdy dyng cp sd tdng gdp phdn khdng nhd ndn kinh td tri thuc NGHIEN Cdu OdNG BflC A s 3(169) 3-2015 Trudc xu thd phat tridn kinh td tri thuc vd nhu cdu phuc hdi kinh te sau khflng hoang, chinh phfl Hdng Kdng da cd mpt sd ddng thai tdc ddng dd tao lap didu kidn vd thflc day tidn trinh xdy dyng kinh td tri thuc, qua thd Men vai trd cfla minh qua trinh ndy, la: - Vai trd ciia chinh phu Hdng Kdng R&D vd ddi mdi Chinh phfl Hdng Kdng quan nidm phdt tridn cdng nghp nhu Id mdt qud trinh ty than, didm xudt phat Id nghidn cflu khoa hpe cfla cac trudng dai hpe vd didm ddn id cdc ling dung va thuong mai hda cac sdn phdm khoa hoc chinh cac trudng dai hpe cflng nhu d edc doanh nghidp Do dd, chinh phfl chi can hoat dpng don gidn nhu xdy dyng co sd tdng md khdng cdn phdi ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng qua trinh dd Tuy nhien, trudc nhflng thdch thuc cdng tdng sau khung hodng tdi chinh toan cdu, chinh phu Hdng Kdng thd hidn muc tidu tdi cp cdu lai nen kinh te Chinh phfl dd xuat phdt tridn sdu ngdnh edng nghidp mdi: dich vu gido dye; dich vu y td; kidm tra vd cdp gidy chiing nhdn dich vu; cdc ngdnh cdng nghidp mdi trudng; ddi mdi vd cdng nghd, cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep vdn hda vd sdng tao Vdo thdi didm trudc nhiJng nam 1990, vai trd cfla chinh phfl chfl yeu la mdt nhd cung cdp cac cdng trinh thudc ca sd tang (hd trp ddt edng nghidp, ngudn nhdn lye dupc dao tao, van ehuydn vd thdng tin lien lac, dien, nudc, nhidn lieu vd nguyen lieu, tdi chinh & kinh doanh djch vu) vd cdc djch vy phu trp (cung cdp thdng tin kj* thuat va tu vdn, phdng thi nghidm & djch vy vdn phdng giup cdc doanh nhdn dd tdng cudng ndng sudt, chdt lupng vd ddi mdi) Tinh hinh bdt dau thay ddi dan dan nhung ndm gdn day chinh phu da gia tang chi tieu cho 21 Nghien cim khoahoc^ nghidn ciiu va phat tridn, gido due ddo tao dd nghe Hang ndm, HKPC vd cdc cdng ty phye vu cho R&D vd ddi mdi cfla nd cung cdp cdc dich vu da dang vd tuBen canh dd, dd phye vu cho R&D va doi vdn va phat tridn edng nghe san xudt mdi, chinh phfl dd thdnh lap Cdng vidn khoa cdng nghd, cdng nghd thdng tin, cdng nghd hpe Hdng Kdng (nam 2000); Thanh lap Vidn mdi tnrcmg vd quan Iy he thdng HKPC Khoa hpe ling dyng va Vidn Nghidn eiiu lap cdng ty tai Tham Quydn lye Cdng nghd (ASTRI) Hdng Kdng (nam dja, Ddng Quan vd Qudng Chdu dd cung cap 2000); Thidt lap Chuong trinh Trung tam djch vy tu vdn cho eac doanh nghidp vfla vd R&D Hdng Kdng vdi ndm trung tdm nghien nhd thudc sd hflu Hdng Kdng - Trung Qudc eiiu mdi (ndm 2006), nham myc tidu dua HKPC dupc qudn ly bdi Hdi ddng 23 thdnh Hdng Kdng trd tnmg tdm nghidn euu, vidn vdi cdc dai didn tfl qudn iy, Iao ddng, irng dyng vd tridn khai cdng nghd mdi hdng hpe tap, lpi ieh ehuydn nghidp va cp quan ddu khu vyc chinh phu cd lidn quan vdi cac van dd ndng Ddu nam 1998, chinh phu Hdng Kdng dd sudt HKPC trd cau ndi cho cdc doanh thdnh lap Uy ban Ddi mdi vd edng nghd, nghidp vd chinh phfl Hdng Kdng ddng thdi mdt bp phdn cfla Vidn nghien ciiu Thang nam 1998, HKPC dua chi tidu Khoa hpe vd cdng nghd dupe lap dd "didm chudn qudn ly" HKPC nhdn thdy, tham gia vao vide nghien cflu bidn phap thu mac dfl hdu hdt cdc doanh nghidp nhdn thirc hep khoang each gifla nghidn cflu co ban dupc rang kidn thuc quan Iy Id rdt quan trpng dupc thyc hidn cdc trudng dai hpe va &Q thdnh cdng kinh doanh cua doanh flng dung thuang mai cfla cdc tap dodn nghidp va phdt tridn tuong Iai cfla hp nhung Chinh phu dd cho thidt lap mdt quy ddi mdi rdt it doanh nghidp thyc su hidu kidn thflc cdng nghe trj gid ty dd la Hdng Kdng qudn ly la gi Dd hd trp cho cac doanh nhdm dua Hdng Kdng trd thdnh mdt trung nghidp, HKPC da thye hidn rdt nhidu hoat tdm cfla sy ddi mdi vd cdng nghd khu ddng dao tao vd kidn thuc qudn ly Ngodi vyc Quy danh cho nhiing nghidn cun HKPC cd phdi hpp td chirc hai Hdi nghj trpng tdm vd bidn chflng cdc img dyng quan ly tri thflc Chau A, mdi hdi nghi da thu thuang mai hut hon 100 ngudi tham gia Mac du luc dau, chinh sach thuc ddy sy - Chinh sdch phdt trien gido due, ddo tgo ddi mdi va cdng nghd cua chinh phii dupc phuc vu cho nghien ctiu vdphdt trien chao ddn vdi thdi dd hoai nghi Tuy nhidn, Tfl ndm 1996, Uy ban Tdi trp Dai hpe vdi sy thdnh cdng cua cd phieu cdng nghd tai (UGC) da ban hanh mdt chuong trinh My va Hdng Kdng da khien cho y tudng trdn khuyen khich sinh vidn va giang vidn cac nhanh chdng dupc thi trudng ddn nhan trudng dai hoc tham gia vao cdc nghien cflu - Ddi mdi hogt dong ciig Hoi ddng ndng thudn tuy, va phdt tridn hpp tac nghidn cflu sudt Hdng Kdng (HKPC) chdt che hon voi cdc ca quan, khu vye cdng HKPC dupc thdnh lap vao nam 1967 theo nghidp, cung nhu cdc ITnh vyc djch vu xd "Phap lenh Hdi ddng nang sudt Hdng Kdng" hpi Chinh phfl Hdng Kdng mong mudn phat nhdm muc dich thuc ddy vd ho trp cdc Iinh tridn Hdng Kdng thdnh mdt trung tdm gido vuc kinh doanh tai Hdng Kdng Co quan due, ca vd gidng day va nghidn ciru Muc se gidi thidu va giup cdc doanh nghidp cap tidu md chinh sdch giao due Hdng Kdng nhdt hieu qua hon cdc phuong phap cdng hudng tdi Id "Ndng cao vi thd cfla Hdng 22 NGHIEN Ctiru DONG BflC fl, s € 3(169) 3-2015 Nghien citu khoa hoc Kdng thdnh ndn gido due trung tdm khu vyc, tdng cudng kha ndng canh tranh cua Hdng Kdng va bd sung cho sy phdt tridn cua dai lue tuong lai" Chinh phfl Hdng Kdng thfla nhdn, ndn kinh td dya trdn tri thuc sd la mdt thdch thiic ddi vdi ngudi khdng dupc trdi nghidm djch vy gido due ddy dfl hodc cd ky ndng da ldi thdi Vi vdy, nhd nude tap trung ngudn lye dd cdi tao he thdng trudng hpe vd tap ca hpi giao due cho tat cd mpi ngudi - Chinh sdch bdo v# quyen sd hOu tri tue Theodng Robert HoUeyman, chu tjch vd gidm ddc didu hanh cua Lien minh phdn mdm My (BSA) "chinh phfl Hdng Kdng gui mdt tin hidu manh me cho cdng ddng dja phuong vd phdn cdn lai cfla Chdu A vd tdm quan trpng cfla bdo hd sd hfln tri tue dd phdt tridn mdt ndn kinh td manh md"' Ndm 1997, vdi chidn lupc xdy dyng kinh td tri thuc, chinh phfl Hdng Kdng dd nhanh chdng tap trung gidi quydt cdc vdn dd vd vi pham quydn sd hfln tri tue vd tdng cudng bdo vd quydn sd hfln tri tue Trong ndm 1998, Vdn phdng thuong mai vd cdng nghiep, IPD vd C& ED hpp tac ban hdnh vd thyc hidn mpt loat didu chinh phdp ludt Hdn quan ddn ban quydn Chflng bao gdm cac sfla ddi Phap lenh xuat nhap khdu ndm 1997, theo dd, vide xuat, nhdp khau dia quang vd thidt bj chep chi dupc thuc hien cd giay phep xudt khdu; Ban hdnh Phdp lenh phdng chdng vi pham bdn quydn, bdt budc ddng ky he thdng cho cac nha san xudt dia quang hoc vd mdt ydu cdu bat budc ddi vdi tat cd cac dja phuang san xudt dia quang phdi chju mdt ma nhdn dang nhat Trong ndm 1998, C & ED cflng da lap ' Hpng Kong antipiracy reward scheme announced (http://www.itworldcanada.com) NGHIEN CClU D O N G BflC () sd 3(169) 3-2015 Td cdng tdc dae bidt vd bdo vd quydn sd hflu tri tue Vdi vide ban hdnh va thyc thi nghiem tflc phdp ludt nam 1997 va 1998, hidn nay, da khdng cdn ed bdt ky hien tupng vi pham bdn quydn quy md ldn Cdc hoat ddng vi pham ban quydn chi cd the tidn hdnh len lut voi pham vi boat dpng rdt ban chd Chinh phfl Hdng Kdng khdng djnh "Chflng tdi cam kdt bdo vd quydn sd hfln tri tue Vi ddy Id vdn dd quan trpng dd kinh td cua Hdng Kdng tang trudng, ddc bidt Id dd tao sy ehuydn ddi nhanh chdng cua Hdng Kdng vdo ndn kinh td dya trdn tri thflc"' ^ Chinh phfl Hdng Kdng cflng xdc djnh, ddi khi, ngudi ddn hidu bidt it vd vdn dd bdo vp quydn sd htru tri tue ndn dd vd tinh vi phsun nd Dd tranh didu nay, ehinh phu da thyc hien cdc bidn phdp gido due de tang cudng hidu bidt phap ludt vd quydn sd hfln tri tud - Chinh sdch thu hiit nhdn tdi Chinh phu Hdng Kdng xdc dinh, dd trd thdnh trung tam kinh td cfla thd gidi, Hdng Kdng phai thu hflt dupc nhdn tai khdp thd gidi ddn ldm vide tai Hdng Kdng Day dupc coi la chia khda dd tdng trudng tuong lai cfla Hdng Kdng Vi vdy, mac dfl thyc hidn chinh sdch sidt chat nhap cu, nhung Hdng Kdng lai cd nhung chinh sdch khd "md" dd chdo ddn cac ehuydn gia cd trinh dp cao tren khdp thd gidi Ddu nam 2000, Chinh phfl Hdng Kdng cho phep edc ehuydn gia cd trinh cao vd cac thdnh vidn gia dinh cua hp dupc nhdp cu vdo Hdng Kdng ma Ididng cd ban ngach Chinh sdch trdn da giflp Hdng Kdng thu hflt dupc nhieu nhdn tai, ddc bidt Id cdc ehuydn gia cd tay nghd cap cua dai lye, nhirng ngudi cd nhidu kha ndng tim Hong Kong's economy will be creative and dynamic (http://www.news.gov.hk) 23 Nghien cihi khoahoc^ thdy d Hdng Kdng mdi trudng sdng vd Iam vide hap dan - Vai trd cOa Chinh phit Trung Qudc Tuy la ndn kinh td thj trudng ty cao dp, nhung la mdt bd phdn cfla Trung Qudc ndn nhiJng chinh sdch khuyen khich phat tridn khoa hoc cdng nghe va xay dyng kinh td tri thuc cfla Trung Qudc nhflng ndm gan ddy dd anh hudng khdng nhd ddn Hdng Kdng Ngdy 18 thdng 10 ndm 2010 tai phidn hpp tpan thd ldn thfl cfla Dai hdi Dang lan thfl 17 cfla Uy ban Trung uong Ddng Cdng san Trung Qudc dd dd kd hoach ndm ldn thu 12 (kd hoach 12-5) Trong nhan manh mue tidu xdy dung "kinh td tri thuc" Ke hoaeh 12-5 dd muc tidu dua Trung Qude dd trd thdnh mOt qudc gia gidu cd giai doan 2011 - 2015 Dd dat dupc didu ndy, Trung Qudc se tidp tyc vdi "Cdi cdch vd md cua" Hdng Kdng la mdt lanh thd cfla Trung Qudc, dupc coi Id mdt phan quan trpng trpng kd hoach 12-5 nhdm "tao cac didu kidn thidt ydu cho phep Hdng Kdng trd thdnh mdt trung tam edng nghd vd ddi mdi, trung tam thuong mai djch vu R&D dang cap thd gidi" Ben canh nhimg vai trd ca ban ndu tren, tinh chdt cfla nen kinh te thj trudng ty la mdi trudng ly tudng thflc ddy hoat dpng sdng tao Mat khde Id ndn kinh td md, lich sfl cd mdi quan he mat thidt vdi phuang Tdy ndn Hdng Kdng cd thd dd dang thu hut ddu tu nudc ngodi, thue hidn ehuydn giao cdng nghd hidn dai Vdi vj tri Id trung tdm tdi chinh Chdu A tu nhiing nam dau cfla theky XX, Hdng Kdng cd nen tang phdt tridn cac ngdnh djch vy, djc bidt Id djch vu thuang mai vd tdi chinh Vi vdy, qua trinh chuyen bidn sang kinh td tri thurc d Hdng Kdng dupc thyc hidn kha dd ddng so vdi cdc qudc gia va ndn kinh td khac trdn thd gidi NhiJng nd Iyc cfla chinh phu Hdng Kdng da gdp phdn thuc day sy phat tridn kinh td tri thflc d ndn kinh td Dya trdn cdc ehi sd ddnh gid mflc dp phat tridn kinh td tri thuc cfla Ngan hdng thd gidi, Hdng Kdng dupc xac dinh la cd vj thd rdt cao xdp hang kinh td tri thflc todn cdu Theo chi sd KEI (Knowledge Economics Index) dai lupng trung binh cua bdn tidu chi sd, dai didn cho bdn try cdt cua ndn kinh td tri thue: Thd chd khuydn khich kinh td (EIR); Ddi mdi vd cdng nghe; Giao dye vd Dao tao; Thdng tin va ca sd tang cdng nghp truydn thdng (ICT)), Hdng Kdng Men dang xdp hang 18/146 ndn kinh td, thudc nhdm nudc cd muc dp phat tridn kinh td tri thflc hang dau khu vyc Chau A vd sd ndy dd cd cdi thidn ddng ke mdt thap ky qua Bang xep hang chi sd KEI giai do^n 2000-2012 Nen kinh t^ Hdng Kdng Dai Loan Han Qudc Xingapo Viet Nam Xep hang 2012 18 13 29 23 104 KEI 2012 8,52 8,77 7,97 8,26 3,4 Xep hang 2000 25 16 24 20 113 Thav doi -5 -3 Nguon: Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) 2012 Rankings, Kam 2012 (http:// www worldbank org/kam) Hdng Kdng dat dupc nhflng tyu to Id nhttng lpi thd ma Hdng Kdng dupe ldn phat tridn kinh td tri thflc, mdt mat hudng suot qud trinh phdt tridn trudc 24 NGHIEN Cda DONG BflC fi sd 3(169) 3-2015 !?! Nghien citu khoa hgc dd Id sy cdng hudng cfla chinh sdch kinh td ty ma Anh da dp dung hdng tram ndm, tinh than kinh doanh manh md, mpt he thdng tdng hodn thidn cho phep nudi dudng va phdt tridn cdc y tudng sdng t£io Mat khac Id sy chfl ddng, tich cyc cfla Hdng Kdng vide tao lap ndn tang kinh td tri thflc nhu thdnh lap nhidu trudng d^i hpe, xdy dyng Cdng vidn Khoa hoc - cdng nghd Hdng Kdng va tdi trp cdc trung tdm nghien cfln Tuy nhidn nhirng didu cd thd khdng dfl dd cho phep Hdng Kdng dat dupc vj tri hang ddu cfla thdi dai tri thire, nguydn nhdn cfla nhung thdnh tyu dd cdn cd cac chinh sach tao mdi trudng kinh doanh tdt nhdt cho cdc doanh nghidp bang chinh sach kinh td thj trudng ty vd gido due nhdn thflc cho ngudi dan vd nhiing ca hdi vd rfli ro kinh doanh bdi cdnh kinh td tri thflc, phat dpng ldi kdu gpi "tfl nhan thflc ddn hdnh dpng" vd van dd ndy thdnh cdng cfla Hdng Kdng, cd thd rflt nhttng bai bpc kinh nghiem quy bdu cho Vidt Nam, cu the: - Ve chinh sdch phdt trien vdn nhdn luc Dd dat dupc budc phat tridn thdn ky thdi gian qua, mdt nhiJng chinh sdch md Hdng Kdng ddc biet quan tdm, dd Id phdt tridn vdn nhdn lye Trpng tdm cfla chinh sdch phdt tridn ngudn nhdn lye Id xdy dyng mpt chinh sdch gido due phfl hpp va hidu qud vd chinh sdch thu hflt nhdn tdi Hp thudng xuyen thyc hipn cdc chuong trinh ddi mdi gido due thudng xuydn vd lien tyc nhdm di ddn kdt qud cudi cflng la tao ngudn nhdn lye chdt lupng cao ddp irng ydu cau phdt tridn kinh td Bdn canh dd, dd thich ung vdi ndn kinh td tri thflc vd qua trinh toan cdu hda, ea hai ndn kinh td ddu chfl truong tdng cudng thu hflt nhdn tdi trdn khdp thd gidi ddn ldm vide Mdt sd bidn phdp cy thd dupc thuc Men la: Mpt so bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Vift Nam Hidn nay, danh gid mdt each khdch quan thi Viet Nam vdn cdn la mdt nudc ngheo Bdn canh nhiem vu phai thyc hidn thdng lpi sy nghidp cdng nghiep hda - Men dai hda ddt nudc thi vide tflng bude ehuydn sang thdi dai kinh td tri thflc ddi vdi Viet Nam Id mdt xu thd khdng thd ddo ngupc Dd cd thd thich flng vdi xu thd nay, ddi hdi Viet Nam cdn phai cd tu kinh td tri thflc giai doan phdt tridn kinh td cdng nghiep, qua dd cd thd tidp nhdn cd Men qua cac hidu iing cfla nen kinh td tri thflc bdi cdnh todn cdu hda Ld nudc di sau, Viet Nam cd thd hpe hdi kinh nghidm thdnh edng va that bai ciia cac nudc di trudc Phdn tich + Xdy dimg chupng trinh cdi cdch: cdi each giao due dupc tidn hdnh thudng xuydn, cd vd md hinh td chflc, cac loai hinh giao due cung nhu ndi dung, chuong trinh gidng day + Xfl ly mdi quan he gitta nhd nudc va thi trudng linh vyc giao due- chinh sach gido dye Hdng Kdng hudng tdi tinh "thdn thidn vdi thj trudng", tao sy lidn kdt gitta gido dye va sy phdt tridn kinh td Hdng Kdng ddc bidt chfl trpng thu hflt cdc trudng dai bpc nudc ngpdi ddn thdnh lap cdc ca sd ddo tao, khuydn khich sinh vidn Hdng Kdng di du hpe tai cac nudc phat tridn va tich eye xudt khdu edc chuong trinh gido due cua Hdng Kdng sang cdc nudc khu vyc Chau A dd phuc vu cho phat tridn kinh td NGHIEN Cdu DONG B^C fl sd 3(169) 3-2015 25 Nghien citu khoa hgc + Chinh sach de giao due tao da eho phat trien kinh te tri thirc: dieu doi hoi cac chirong trinh giao due phai b6i duong tu toan cau eho nguai hgc de xay dung mot doi ngii nhSn luc co tinh sang tao, linh hoat, va kha nang thich iing voi su bien doi khong ngimg cua tri thiic de dong gop tich cue cho nen kinh \k moi Trong chuong trinh dao tao cua eac trucmg the hien su chu phat tri^n cae ky nang mem nhu ky nang giao tiep, ky nang dam phan cung nhu eae ky nang ky thuat cln thifit eho cac ITnh vuc sap xep, trinh bay, va phuang thiirc dilu tra Hong Kong lira chon tieng Anh la ngon ng& bat bupe cac trucmg hoc, tinh ph6 bi^n cua tieng Anh da gop phSn giiip Hong Kong dl dang hoi nhap han vai nen kinh te the gi6i - Kinh nghiem xay dung chinh phu dien tu Hong Kong tich cue day manh ma rgng va hoan thien chinh phii dien tu de nguoi dan tiep can di dang hem vai cae dich vu cua nha nuac cung cSp nhu giai quyet thu tue hanh chinh dong thai sS eo tieng noi phan hoi de nha nuoc dan hoan thien minh - Kinh nghiem ve gidi quyet cac vdn de xa hoi Hong Kong la hinh mau Iy tuong eho eac quoe gia khac hoc tap ve kinh nghiem xu ly van de thi, nhu: chong nhiem, chong un tac giao thong, van de nha a xa hoi Chinh sach nha is xa hoi dS eho phep nguai dan CO nha d, chinh sach phan ph6i lai cho phep nha nuoc co nguon lire de cung cap cac dich vu an sinh xa hpi cho nguoi gia, nguai tan tat, tre mo coi va cung iing cac dich vu xa hpi khac nhu y te, giao due 26 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Vu Dinh Cu (2010), "Kinh tl tri thiic gin voi CNH, HDH va hoi nhap kinh te quoc t6", website bao Nhdn ddn, http;//www.nhandan com.vn Phi Manh Hong (2006), Mot so vdn di ca bdn ve kinh te tri thuc - ca hoi vd thdch thuc d^t cho Vi?t Nam, DS tai trgng diem, Dai hpe Quoc gia Ha N6i Ky yeu hpi thao khoa hpe (2001), Kinh ti tri thuc vd nhung vdn de dgt doi v&i Viet Nam, Trung tam thong tin tu lieu Khoa hgc va cong nghe quoc gia, tap Ky ylu hgi thao khoa hgc (2001), Kinh ti tri thuc vd nhung vdn de dgt doi vai Viet Nam, Trung tam thong tin tu lieu Khoa hpe va cong nghe quoe gia, tap Nguyen Thi Luyen (2006), Nhd nudc vdi phdt trien kinh te tri thuc boi cdnh todn cdu hoa, Nxb Khoa hpe xa hpi Ma Nggc (2007), Phdt triin chinh tri tgi Hong Kong: nhd nudc, xa hoi, chinh tri, vd xd hgi dan si^^ Nxb Dai hgc Hong Kong Walter W Powell va Kaisa Snellman, Nin kinh te tri thuc, Dai hgc Stanford Luu Nggc Trinh (2002), Buac chuyin sang nen kinh te tri thuc a mgt so nudc ldn tren the gidi hi?n nay, Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi Vien Nghien ciiu va quan ly kinh tl trung uang (2001), Kinh ti tri thuc - Vdn di vd gidi phdp: Kinh nghiem cua cdc nudc phdt trien vd dang phdt trien, Nxb Th6ng ke 10 Daniel Yergin & Joseph Stanislaw (2002), Nhiing dinh cao chi huy, cudc chien vi nen kinh te the gidi, Nxb Tri thiic NQHIEN C(jru O A N Q B ^ C fl, Sd 3(169) 3-2015 ... qua trinh xdy dyng kinh td tri thuc d ndn kinh td ndy Bdi vi, kinh td tri thirc la ndn kinh td dya trdn tri thflc vd thdng tin, vi vdy, ngudn iyc quan trpng nhat cfla kinh td tri thuc Id tri. .. tridn kinh td tri thflc d ndn kinh td Dya trdn cdc ehi sd ddnh gid mflc dp phat tridn kinh td tri thuc cfla Ngan hdng thd gidi, Hdng Kdng dupc xac dinh la cd vj thd rdt cao xdp hang kinh td tri. .. phat tridn kinh td tri thuc vd nhu cdu phuc hdi kinh te sau khflng hoang, chinh phfl Hdng Kdng da cd mpt sd ddng thai tdc ddng dd tao lap didu kidn vd thflc day tidn trinh xdy dyng kinh td tri