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16, DauvaHpc — — ^^GAV flA\ Dao tao nguon nhan lire chat lifcfng cao de tham gia phat trien kinh te tri thiTc DOAN TAT THANG PHAM HONG QUAN Hpe vien Chinh trj Hd Ddng Hd Ndi Vdo eudi the ky XX, mdl su[.]
16, DauvaHpc — — ^^GAV flA\ Dao tao nguon nhan lire chat lifcfng cao de tham gia phat trien kinh te tri thiTc DOAN TAT THANG - PHAM HONG QUAN Hpe vien Chinh trj - Hd Ddng - Hd Ndi V eudi the ky XX, mdl su kien ndi bal da xuat hidn qud trinh phdt triln kinh te t h i gidi, Dd Id sy ddi eua mdl ngdnh mdi, lay thdng tin, khoa hgc - ky thual cao lam ehu dgo, da day tdi mdt cude each mgng ehUa ldng cd ITnh vyc kinh te Trong cude cdch mgng ndy, tri thUe khdng nhQng la dgng lyc trye tiep Ihue day kinh te, ma edn md thdi dgi kinh t l tri IhQe (KTTT) KTTT da va dang trd ddng thac Idn khdng gi ngan can noi cua thdi dgi Xa hdi KTTT la cude dp sQc v i In thQc mang tinh loan cau v i long IQpng tri IhQc, td chat nhdn tdi vd thyc lye khoa hgc ky thual "6 gdc dp ly thuyel, tri thQc la ngudn lai san lay khdng hit, dung khdng cgn, la vdt thay the cudi eung, da trd ngudn tai nguyen eudi cung etia etia cdi Tri IhQe la nhdn td tang Irudng kmh te then chdl Irong t h i ky XXI" KTTT ddi vd phdt tnen gdn liin vdi sy phal trien mgnh me cua cae edng nghe cao va sy Qng dyng rdng rdi vdi higu qud cQc ky lo Idn cua nhQng cdng nghe ay vdo ddi song kmh l l xa hdi (KTXH), Su xuat hign cua KTTT bdi canh todn cau hda, hgi nhdp kinh le qude t i tgo ca cO hdi va thach IhQc Idn ddi vdi mgl qude gia - dd cd Vigt Nam Iren dudng phdt trien cua minh KTTT Id chiec chia khod vang giup cac nude dang phal trien vQon len bang Irl lug cua minh de trdnh lyt hau va bat kjp xu hudng phdt trien ehung cua lodn cau Phat trien KTTT se giup cdc nudc dd lao lap duge nen lang tri IhQc rieng, bang chinh sUe lyc eua hp d l khdng bj Ig thugc vdo cac nude cdng nghigp phdt tnen, Trong cac yeu id ngi lyc can dupe phdt huy npi lye ve tri tup dupe coi Id yeu Id quan trpng hdng dau Sang sy mdn cam chfnh trj ctia minh, Id Dgi hpi lan IhQ IX Ddng la da nhan djnh: 'The ky XXI se tiep tyc ed nhiiu bien doi Khoa hpe vd cdng nghd se ed bude tiln nhdy vgt Kinh t i Iri thUe ed vai trd cang ndi bgt qud trinh phdt trien lyc lugng sdn xuat" Do dd: "Con dudng edng nghipp hod, hign dgi hod eua nude ta can vd ed t h i rut ngdn thdi gian so vdi cdc nudc di trudc, vQa cd nhQng bQdc tuan ty, vQa cd bUdc nhdy vgt Phdt huy nhQng Ipi I h l ctia dat nude, tdn dyng mgi khd ndng de" dgt trinh dg edng nghg lien t i l n , dac bipt Id edng nghd thdng lin vd cdng nghe sinh hpe, tranh thiJ Qng dyng ngdy edng nhieu hon, d mQe cao hOn vd phd biin hdn nhQng Ihdnh tyu mdi ve khoa hgc vd cdng ngh#, tt/ng budc phdt trien kinh le tri IhQe" Tdi Dgi hgi XI, Ddng ta liep lye khang dmh nhat qudn chCi irQOng "phdt Irien kinh le tri thQc, vQOn len trinh dp lien lien cCia I h l gidl" Chu truong phdt trien KTTT d nude la li mdt chuyin biin chiin lUdc trgng dai: chuyen n i n kinh t l IQ dya vdo tai nguyen sang dya ehu yeu vao tri thQc vd nang lye sang tao cua ngQdi Phat trien KTTT se dem Igi nhQng higu qud vd eung lo Idn vd lodn dign: Iryc tilp ndng eao trinh dd phdi I n i n cCia n l n KTXH vd eCia iyc lugng sdn xual, rut ngdn qua Irinh CNH, HDH, dua nUdc ta phdt trien nhanh, dn djnh vd b i n vQng Song tat cd se ehl la t i i m nang neu khdng biet coi trgng sQ dyng ding bd ode gidi phap vd tgo nhQng dieu kign thuan Ipi nhlt de bien cdc t i l m ndng thdnh hidn thyc De hi^n thye hda chti truong phat trien KTTT ddi hdi nudc la phdi nhanh ehdng tao dyng ddng bd cdc yeu td ciia KTTT nhu khuyin eao ctia Vien Ngan hdng t h i gidl (WBl): "Mdt quic gla mudn chuyen sang nen kinh t l tri thUc c i n hinh thdnh bdn try cgt: ngudn nhdn lyc c h i t lugng cao, ndng dgng vd sang tgo; hg thdng sdng tgo hldu qud; cd sd hg t i n g thdng tin (ICT) hi§n dgi; hd Ihdng t h i chl ve kinh le dugc cdp nhgt" Trong dd, vdn ngUdI, v i n tri DiflfMHfKSOi thtJc xd hdi Id ngutfn lyc co bdn, quylt djnh n h l t cCia phdt triln KTTT; gido dgc vd ddo tgo Id dudng dan d i n n l n KTTT KTTT mang Igi nhilu Igl fch, nhUng cung ddt nhifng thdch thQc ddi vdi n l n sdn xult edn trinh dd thip, chat lugng ngudn nhdn lyc ehua cao, ft khd nang sdn sinh tri thQc D i i u dd dat nhdng thdch thQc to Idn ddi vdi gido dye vd dao tgo Ddo tgo nhdn IQc khdng eh? trang bj tri thQc hdn Idm ma phdi hudng tdi phye vy nen KTTT Mudn cd n l n KTTT Ihl khdng the khdng coi trgng ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lye chat lupng cao de phdt tnen vd sdn xult tri IhQc Nhu vay, ddo tgo nhdn lye chat lugng eao la yeu cau khdeh quan eua nen KTTT Neu khdng tdn dyng dupe thdi ed, khdng cd ddi ngu nhdn iQc sdn sinh tri IhQe thi ede nQdc ngheo vdn da ngheo cdn^ trd nen ngheo khd them Tham nhuan sdu sac nhQng van de ed bdn tren, Chien iQpe phdt trien kinh le • xa hpi 2011 - 2020 Ddng la da khSng djnh "Phdt trien vd nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhdn iyc, nhat Id ngudn nhan lye chat lygng eao Id mdt ddt phd ehien lupc, Id yeu td quyet djnh d l y mgnh phdi trien va Qng dyng khoa hgc, cdng nghd, eo cau Igi n i n kinh t l , chuyen ddi md hinh tdng trudng vd Id Ipi the cgnh trgnh quan trpng nhat, bdo dam cho phdt trien nhanh, hldu qud, b i n vQng, Thye hidn ede chuong trinh, de an ddo tgo nhdn iyc chit iQpng eao ddi vdi cdc ngdnh, ffnh vyc ehij yeu, mui nhpn Chu trgng phdt hidn, bdi dudng, phdt huy nhan tdi; ddo tgo nhdn lyc cho phdt trien kinh l l Iri IhQc" Sy nghidp phdl trien KTTT chf gidnh dugc nhQng thing Igl chdng la b i l l khai thdc hpp ly vd sQ dyng hi$u qud t i t cd cdc ngudn lyc Song, yeu td giQ vai trd quylt djnh nhlt, dSm bdo cho sy thang Igi cua qua trinh dd chlnh Id ngudn lye eon ngudi, dgc bigt Id ngudn nhan lye chit lugng cao D l dao tgo dupe ngudn nhdn lyc chat lupng cao, thyc hidn budc ddt phd truyin ba, sQ dyng vd sdng tgo tri IhQe mdi can tap trung vdo nhQng v i n d l CO bdn sau: Trudc hit, phii "doi mdi cin bin vi toin dign giio dgc vi dio tgo" theo hudng tien tiin, hign dgi dgt tieu ehuan chit lugng quic ti N l u ngudn lye ngudi Id ddng lye trye tiep etia sy phdt triln, Ihl gido dye vd ddo tgo Id nen tdng cua chien luge ngudi Gido dye vd ddo tgo phdi dupc coi la khdu then chdt, Id cdi gdc cQa sy phdt trien, gdn liin vdi sy phdt triln KTXH - dgc bigt Id vdi phdl Irien KTTT, Do dd, ddi mdi cdn bdn va todn didn giao dye va dao tgo duge coi Id "ddt phd khau", bdi nd hudng ldi vigc dao tgo, bdi dudng vd phdl huy nguln nhdn lyc chat lupng cao cho qud trinh tdi eP eau n l n kinh t l , ldng igi t h i egnh tranh, bdo ddm phdt triln nhanh, hldu qud, b i n vQng KTXH, phyc vy trye l i l p eho phdt t n l n KTTT Dii mdi cin bin giio dgc vi dio tgo de "Phdt trien nhanh ngudn nhdn lyc, nhlt Id ngudn nhdn lyc chat lugng cao" cho phdl triln KTTT Gido dye nham dao tgo nhQng eon ngudi ed phim chit tfil, trinh dd cao, cd trdch nhi^m vdi xd hdi ed lUduy ddc Idp, ndng lyc sdng tgo nang lyc tilp thu, Idm ehil vd vdn dyng linh hogt, sang tgo tri thQc mdi vdo thye tiln D l d l i mdi cdn bdn, lodn didn gido dgc vd ddo tgo, phdl: Thd nhit, cd quan ni$m ddng vi chit lugng giio dgc ]] vi ky ning cda ngudi hgc, thtfc hiin dio tao theo nhu ciu xa hdi Ydu c l u cOa n l n KTTT Idm thay ddi quan ni^m v l chat lugng giao due vd ky ndng eua ngydi hpe Chat lugng gido dye vd dao tgo Id chia khda de phat trien ngudn nhdn lye chat lugng eao Do dd, IQ gido dye phd thdng hgc sinh phai dupc trang bj day du nhQng ky ndng nhu doe, viet, linh loan vd ed kien thQc tin hpe eO sd; cd ndnglyethdng tin nhu sQdyng ngdn ngQ de thuong lugng, Ihuyet phyc, hudng din" tu van; ed tu linh hogt nhu phan tich, nhdn dinh tinh hudng, giai quyet van d l , thyc hien eac y tudng; b i l l hpp lae vd Idm viee theo nhdm; b i l l each tim k i l m , tdp hgp, phan lieh va to chQc thdng tin; ed kha nang ty hge, doi mdi, bien vd sQ dyng tri IhQc thich Qng,, NhQng ky nang cP ban ay cdng Ihem vdi ddng iQc vd Idng quyet ldm Id nhQng dUc linh can thill de ngQdi tham gia vdo nen KTTT, Neu giao due tieu hpe vd trung hge giiip nang cao dan tri, van dyng ky thual vdo san xuat, tang nang suit lao ddng, tang chat lupng cugc sdng, giup ngudi hgc liep lye hpe len bde eao hon vd de cd nang lye hpe tdp sudt ddi, thi giao dye dgi hgc cd vai trd chi phdi su phdt trien eac ngdnh kinh te chu lyc, Id nen lang tgo tri thUc cho mdl xa hdi thdng lin, Mpt sd nUdc du da phdl trien cao ve cdng nghg, nhung v i n dau lu nhieu d l ed dugc n i n giao dye lien l i i n va nhQng Irung lam nghien cQu lam cd de igo Iri IhQc mdi, nhdng noi ta trung lam dao tgo ly tudng va eung cap nhieu chuyen gia hang dau the gidi, Dieu ehinh co eau giao dye vd dao tgo cho phu hpp vdi qua trinh phat trien KTXH, nhanh ehdng khlc phyc tinh trang mat can ddi nghiem Irpng giQa cdc ngdnh nghe vd glQa cac cap dao tgo hign TQ nhu cau thye tien etia nen KTXH va cQa tdng nganh, ITnh vyc de nghien cQu, xac Idp md hinh, myc lieu giao dye vd dao tgo vdi nhQng lieu chi cu the Ihiet thye, phyc vy ddc lyc eho sy nghigp phdt trien KTTT dudi sy lanh dgo cua Ddng, Thd hai, phii nang cao chat iugng giao due vi dio tgo dtatci eac bac hoc Trong dd, budc quan trpng dau tien Id phai ed sy ddi mdi ca v i myc lieu, chUdng trinh vd phuong phdp dgy hgc IQ bae thdng den dgi hpe nham dam bao cung cap eho ngudi hpe nhOng kiin IhQe CO bdn lam nen ldng eho hogl ddng thyc t i l n sau ndy, PhUOng phdp dgy hpe phai xua't phat IQ mye tieu ddo lao, gdn vdi ngi dung va phu hgp vdi dieu kien etia hge sinh; ren luydn va lao dieu kien cho hgc sinh bieu dgt van d l theo quan diem vd each nhin ctia minh lao thdi quen suy nghT ddc lap cho ngudi hpe, TU bd edeh dgy hpe thy dpng, dp ddt; chu trpng vdo phal tnen tri tug, bdi dudng ky nang nghidp vy, ldc phong cdng nghigp Phai ddi mdi co bdn chlnh sdeh tai ehlnh, cd chfnh sdeh dau tu hpp ly va sQ dyng ed higu qud eac ngudn lyc eho gido dye va dao tgo, Ddng thdi, hodn thign mgng ludi gido dye tren todn qude, ehu trgng dau tu phat trien VLlng sdu, vQng xa, vung ddng bao dan tgc thieu sd Thd ba, chuan hoa ddi ngu giio vien ddm bdo sy k i t hgp chdt che giQa kien IhQe chuyen mdn vdi phuong phdp su phgm hign dgi, cd tu cdch dgo dUe tdt, phuong phdp tu khoa hge,- Cdc cO quan qudn \y gido due, trudc h i t Id Bg Giao dye vd ddo tgo, can xdy dyng Ig Irlnh triln 18, khai chu^n hod gido vidn cd v l sd lugng vd ehat lugng Xdy dyng ddi ngu gido vien dQ d i i u kign ddp Qng dugc y l u c5u gidng dgy de ddo luy#n nhQng ngQdi phat triln todn di^n ve ddc, trf, the, my theo nhdng tidu chf ciia KTTT, phdn cdng lai luc lugng giao vien theo cac vOng mien eho phu hgp, cd ehinh sach uu dai ddi vdi gido vien edng ldc d nhQng vung khd khan va nhQng giang vidn - chuyen gia Irong cdc ITnh vyc mui nhpn then chdt cQa n l n kinh le Ddng thdi, Nha nude can ed sQ dau IQ thoa dang nhdm hodn thien co sd vgt chat phyc vy edng tdc giang day, hgc tap vd nghien cQu ede nha trUdng Thd tu, chuan hoi chUdng trinh va giao trinh dao tao ddm bao phu hgp vdi yeu eau cua thye l i l n xa hgi, xde d!nh ngdnh nghe mui nhgn nhim ddo tgo dpi ngu chuyen gia ed trinh dp cao eho phdt trien KTTT, Ndi dung gidng dgy can dgt tdi sy can ddi giQa ly thuyel vd thuc hanh, can cap nhdl kjp thdi tri thUc hien dgi cua the gidi va nhQng van d i bQc xue cua dat nudc, can ehu y tdi yeu td ky nang, ky thual, cdng nghe va thyc nghiem de cung cap cho xa hdi mdl ddi ngu lao ddng lanh nghe, cac chuyen gia cdng nghe, nhQng nhd quan \y cd kha ndng sang lao vd lam chu tri thdc hien dai, hod nhip dUpc vdi yeu cau khat khe ctia KTTT Phai giup cho ngddi hpe ed linh cP ddng cao, de thich Qng vdi nhQng chuyen bien nhanh ehdng vd sau rdng cua KTTT, ctia thj IrQdng viec Idm, thi Irudng sde lao dgng Chu trpng dao igo ngudn nhdn iQc chat lupng cao cho cdc Unh vuc trpng diem, ddt pha de phdt trien KTTT, Khac phyc linh trang phien dien, chi gioi v l ly ihuyel nhung Igi kem v l thue hanh - mpl thye te khd bien md sinh vien nudc la dang mac phdi, Thd nim doi mdi cdng lac quin ly giao due va dao tao mdt each cd bin, toan dien ea ve lU lan phUPng IhUe quan ly theo hudng nang cao hieu qua quan fy nhd nudc ve gido dye va dao tgo Tap trung vdo qudn ly ngi dung vd chat lupng giao dye va dao igo; lang eudng cdng tdc kiem tra tra ddi vdi eac eo sd gido dye va ddo tgo Nha nudc can giao quyen IQ chu hOn nQa cho cdc trQdng dgi hpe va cao dang de cac trudng chu ddng viee ddo tgo, hgp tde qude le vd nghien cQu khoa hpe De giao dye phat Irien lot, can cd mdi trudng xa hdi thudn Ipi, vipe sQ dyng dai ngg theo dung nang lyc va cdng hien Thiet lap he thong hge lap sudt ddi, nhanh ehdng hinh thdnh xa hpi hpe lap Xd hdi hda giao dye phai di ddi vdi ehinh sdeh hd trg vd kiem tra etia Nha nude, phdi ed he thong kiem djnh ehat lupng Ding thdi, phii ting cudng dao tgo nguon nhin Itfc chit lugng cao d nudc ngoii dichd ddng tham gia nen kinh ti tri thdc Cdng tdc ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lyc d nudc ngodi Id bd ph$n eau thdnh cua hg thdng ddo tgo nhan lyc eua nudc ta Dy bao nhu cau nhan iyc chat lupng cao cua nudc la cdn rat Idn Neu chung la mong mudn dat trinh nhu Han Qud'c d thdi ky each day 20 nam bat dau edng nghiep hod Ihl phdi tdng sd nhan lyc chat lupng cao len gap l l n Do dd, c i n tdng eudng giao luu va hpp lac irong ITnh vye giao dye vd ddo tgo vdi ede nude ed n i n gido dye phdt triln Cin da dgng dudng dao tao bdi dUdng nhan ldi SO 4-2013 Dmfv^Hfc nhU: Md rdng hgp tac quoc t l , ti^p c$n n l n gIdo dgc tiSn lien the gidi; lien ket vdi cdc dgi hgc tiSn ti^n t h i gidi, md cac trudng chat lugng eao theo tieu chu^n qu6c t l vd tgo d i l u kien cho cdc trudng dgi hgc lien lien nUde ngodi md Irudng ddo tgo tgi Vigt Nam CQ ddng dao sinh vien, giang vien, eac nha khoa hge di hpe tap, thyc tgp cdc nUdc lien lien bdng ngan sach nhd nUde vd hgc blng vien trg, tap trung vao nhQng ITnh vyc Uu tidn phdt trien eua Viet Nam (dien tQ, vien thdng, ty dgng hda, cdng nghe thdng lin, cdng nghe sinh hpe, edng nghg nand ); khuyen khieh vd tgo d i i u ki^n cho hgc sinh du hpe ty tue; lang cudng id ehUe cac chuong trinh dao tgo ky su id ndng chdl lugng cao Cung ci vi hoin thien hi thing vin bin phip quy theo hudng tgo hdnh lang md cho cdc tdc nhan tham gia dao tao d nude ngodi Tuyen chpn lai ndng ddi vdi cdc chuong trinh hpe bong, Khuyen khich hinh thQc du hge ty luc nhung can cd sy quan ly vT md de djnh hudng va tgo ihiel ehe dam bao chat lugng sau dao tgo, dam bdo quyen Ipi vd nghTa vy ctia cae ben, trdnh dupe lang phi etia ngudl du hgc d eac trUdng chat lugng khdng cao Phai ed ehinh sdeh hpp ly gan bdi dudng, ddo tgo vdi sQ dung de tranh lang phi, khlc phye linh trgng "chiy miu chat xam" Can nhin nhan Igi van d i sQdyng ngudn nhdn lue chat lupng eao nhU the ndo de l i l p cdn nen KTTT - nen kinh te chti yeu dya vdo khoa hgc vd tri thdc, Phdt trien KTTT, rut ngdn qua trinh CNH, HDH va hpi nhdp qude te ddi hdi phai ed ngudn nhdn lyc chat lUpng eao dygc bo tri theo eo eau hgp ly de ldm nhieu sdn pham dti sQe egnh tranh tren thQOng trQdng khu vyc vd qude le Day Id nhiem vy quan trgng md chQng ta phdl linh den Hien tai, nude la da lyt hdu kha xa so vdi tdc dd va Ihdnh IQu ehung ctia nhan logi Trong nhQng ndm tdi, Chung la ed Ihe phdi Ira gia ddt n l u khdng nhanh chdng dl vao nen KTTT de day KTXH phat trien nhanh, hi$u qua vd ben vQng Van dyng KTTT la d l tgo sy bdt phd manh me, day y nghTa eho sy phat t r i l n cCia dat nUdc De lam dugc d i i u do, van d l trgng tdm hang ddu Id doi mdi vd phal tnen loan dien gido dye vd dao tgo, tdp trung phdl trien ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao, dgc bi§t Id dpi ngu can bd lanh dgo quan ly, dpi ngu can bd khoa hgc edng nghe, vdn hda dau dan, dpi ngu doanh nhan vd lao ddng lanh nghe - nhdn id quan trpng, quyit djnh sQ thdnh edng etia ehQ irupng phal trien KTTT d nudc ta ... chuan hoi chUdng trinh va giao trinh dao tao ddm bao phu hgp vdi yeu eau cua thye l i l n xa hgi, xde d!nh ngdnh nghe mui nhgn nhim ddo tgo dpi ngu chuyen gia ed trinh dp cao eho phdt trien KTTT,... su phdt trien eac ngdnh kinh te chu lyc, Id nen lang tgo tri thUc cho mdl xa hdi thdng lin, Mpt sd nUdc du da phdl trien cao ve cdng nghg, nhung v i n dau lu nhieu d l ed dugc n i n giao dye... cdn^ trd nen ngheo khd them Tham nhuan sdu sac nhQng van de ed bdn tren, Chien iQpe phdt trien kinh le • xa hpi 2011 - 2020 Ddng la da khSng djnh "Phdt trien vd nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhdn iyc,