D CHIEUCANHGI0ITRONGTHECHE,CH[NHSACH DdlV0l NUf TRlTHUfC HIEN NAY ty 11 nu tu 30% ttd lin, nhat tMIt ed can bO • PGS, TS BUI THJ NGOC LAN lanh dao ehu ehdt la nu Vien Cha nghia xa hpi khoa hpc, Chu truong eua Dang vl cdng tdc nu vd nii Hpc vi^n Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh tri thdc da dupe thi ehl hda bdng cdc van ban phdp quy, phap luat, chinh sich cua Nhi nuoc rong qua trinh lanh dao ddt nude Dang da tao ca chiva hanh lang phip 7/ cho suphit COng sdn ^^lt Nam ludn coi ttpng phdt tiiin cua phu nd, tiong co nu tn thuc va trien dOi ngu tri thiic, ttong dd ed nu tri thiic diy binh ding gidi thiic Nu tri thiie dupe dl cap ttong bdi vilt Hiln phdp 1992, Dilu 63 quy djnh: "Cdng gdm edc nha khoa hpc nu cd trinh dO tu cao ddn nam nu cd quyln ngang ve mpi mat ddng va dai hpe ttd len ho^t dOng ttong ede chmh trj, Idnh tl, van hda, xa hpi vd gia ffinh Unh virc khoa hpe tu nMIn, khoa hpe xa hdi vd Nhd nude va xa hdi tao dilu kiln dl phy nu nhan van, khoa hpe cdng nghe, y te, giao diie nang cao trinh dO mpi mat, khdng ngiing phdt vd ddo tao, van hpc nghe thuat, linh dao va huy vai ttd cua minhttongxa hpi" Hiln phap quan ly 2013 gM rd; "Cdng dan nam, nu bmh ddng vl Quan diem ciia Dang va chinh sdeh, mpi mat Nhd nude cd chinh sdeh bdo ddm phap Mat cua Nha nude Vift Nam doi vol nir quyln vd co hpi binh dang gidi Nhd nude, xa hOi va gia dinh tao dilu kiln de phu nu phat tri thuc nhin tu chieu canh gldl Muc tilu binh ddng gidi dattdthanh dudng trien toan diln, phat huy vai trd cua minh ttong Idl r±at qudn, Ddng ta cM rd: "xay dung dOl xa hOi NgMlm cam phan bilt ddi xd vl gidi" ngu edn bO khoa hpe nu cd tiinh dO cao, cdn Nhu vay, binh dang gidi khdng cM la muc tilu bO lanh dao, qudn ly nu ddp ling yeu cau ddy ma cdn la dilu kiln cho phu nu phdt triln todn manh edng ngM?p hda, M^n dai hda"'" Ddng dien va phdt huy tdi nang tri Ml cdng Men cho thdi Tnmg uong Dang da dl mOt sd cM tilu su phdt triln chung ciia ddt nude, eua dan tOc edn phan ddu din nam 2020: can bO nu tham Ddi vdi nu tri thiie - lao ddngttongmdi trudng gia cap uy dang cde cap dgttii25%ttdlen; nu bmh dang gidi dupe bao dam se la MIm vM, d^ bilu Qudc hOi vd HOl ddng nhdn dan edc mIm hanh phiie, la sir dOng vien, ed vu Idn lao cap td 35% den 40% eac eo quan, don vj cd dl hp khdng ngung sdng tao va cdng Men T LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-S611/2015 ^ NGHIEN CCrU - PHATTRliN iV LUAN Dl dua Nghj quylt eua Dang vdo cuOc sdng, ttd lin (khda XI ed 88,98%), ttong dd ttIn dai mOt sd bO Mat cd quan dilm gidi da dupe ban hpe la; 32,28%, dai hpc la; 59,06% va cM co hanh, nhu; Ludt hdn nhan va gia dmh, Luat 8,66% dai bilu nu cd trinh dp dudi dai hpc cua Lao dOng, Ludt Dan su, Ludt Bmh dang gldl khda XI'^' Nhimg quy djnh vl phdp ly vd eac (2007) va Luat Phdng chdng bao l\rc gia ffinh chinh sdeh eda Nha nude tten vdn dl da (2008) Dde bilt Ludt Binh dang gidi da khdng lamtiiayddi co cdu gidittongdOl ngu tri thuc dinh: "1 Nam, nu binh ddng ttong vile tilp Hiln dOi ngu nu tri thuc Vilt Nam dd phat can, ung dung khoa hpc vd edng nghe Nam, ttiln khd nhanh vl sd lupng va cd mat tten nu binh ddngttongvile tilp can edc khda ddo hau hit cae linh vue khoa hpe eda nude nha, tao vl khoa hpe vd edng nghe, phd biln kit qua ddng thdi ed nMlu ddng gdp quanttpngvdo ngMen cuu khoahpc, edng nghe vd phat minh, su phdt ttiln chung cua ddt nude ttIn mpi Unh vuc, tu dd vj thi, vai ttd cda nutri thiic da sdng ehl" Cdc van bdn phap ly cua Nha nude Vilt Nam dupe xa hOi thua nhan va tdn vmh Tuy nMIn, eho thdy cd nhiing dilm mdi va tiin bd ttong so vdi yeu eau vd tilm ndng cda dOi ngu nu tii thuc thi hiln sd lupng ede nha khoa hpc nd lucfliucMIn binh ddng gidi nhir i) Cd su chuyin ddi edch tilp can tu quan nu tham gla nghiln ciiu khoa hpe vd nhdt Id dilm phu nu ttong phdt triln sang edch tilp tham gia lanh dao, quan ly d cdc cap cdn thdp va eang d cap cao ty 11 cang giam can gidi vd phdt triln; Nhung rao can doi voi nu tri thiic nhin ii) Chuong trinh qude gla vl bmh dang gidi da dua cdc cM tilu khd ro va ed thi lupng tir gdc dd gioi Vi thi chi, chinh sich hda, ddng thdi eung edp mOt sd ea sd du Ueu so sdnh xem dd nhu la nhung can eu nhdm hd Dudi gdc ndy, da ed nMlu ngMIn eiM chi ttp giam sat qua trinh thuc Men binh ddng gidi, nhiing bdt binh ddng gidi ttong thi chi, bao gdm gidm sat qua trinh bdo ddm quyln chinh sach ddi vdi nu tri thiic nhu sau: tham chinh cua phu nu Day la nhiing budc Thiinhit, tudinghihuu tiin quan ttpng ttong nd luc thue Men binh BO Luat Lao dOng quy dinh, Mdi ngM huu ddng gidi vd bdo dam quyln tham gia ttong eda nu la dd 55 Moi; nam la dd 60 Mdi nam linh vue chinh tri cua phu nu Viet Nam khdc bilt da tde ddng manh din su in) Mpt sd BO Mat, Nghi dinh'^' da dua ede nghiip eua phy nu ndi chung va dac bilt la ehl tai xu phat kM vi ph£nn cae quy dinh phdp nu tti thuc tii kM phu nu bdt ddu dupe Mat ve binh ddng gidi, ddng thdi quy dinh rd tuyIn dung vdo edc khu vuc Nha nude Cu ttach nMlm eua ea quan, td ehiie, gla dinh vd till la: cd nhanttongvile thue Men va bdo dam binh - Nii tri thiie ed thdi gian 1dm viecttongkhu vue Nha nude ngdn hon nam so vdi nam gidi, Hiln cd Phd Chu tich nude la nu giao vdy hp se chju tMIt thdi ed it thdi gian su, tiin sy Ty II nu dai bilu Qude hdi khodXII hon ddng ngMlp nam dl sdng tao vd thdng ehua dat so vdi cM tilu dl nhung cd trinh tienttongedng vile hpe vdn cao hon so vdi ede khda trude Cu - Hiln cd su khdc bilt ttong quy djnh vl dp thi CO 91,34% dai bilu nu ed trinh dp dai hpe tudi eda nam gidi va nu gidi dl dupe tham gia LfLUANCHfNHTR!-S6l1/2015 m ede lop tap hudn, bdi dudng ndng cao nang lire hoae Man ehuyin can bo (ddy Id mOt tilu eM de dupe quy hocich hoac bau eu) CMnh su phdn biet gioi da ddn din nhung rdo can ddi vai phu nu ttIn eon dudng thang tiin Dilu budc phu nu phai vira nd luc phan ddu dl dup^ ddo tao va de bat trudc nam gidi nam, vua phdi thuc Men chiie ndng lam me ttong dilu kiln khdng dupe hudng ehl dO dac biet nao - Dilu Mat cdng budc nu tri thue phai vl huu dang d dd tudi sdng tao vd cdng MIn ed Meu qud Quy djnh thue chdt da khdng quan trilt quan dilm gidi kM xdc djnh Mdi ngM huu eda nu tri thdc - d day khdng bao gdm Mdi ngM huu cua lao dOng nii ndi chung) Bdi vi, vdi dilu kiln sdng da cd nMlu cdi thiln Men nay, khoa hpe vd cdng nghe phat ttiln, d dp Mdi 55 - 60 da sd nu tri thiie edn dd sue khde, ed nhilu thdi gian va tdm huylt danh cho ngMen edu khoa hpc sang tao va tham gla ede boat dOng chinh ttj (do gdnh nang gia dinh vl co bdn da voi bdt) Hon niia, ddy la dO Mdi cMn mudi Id thdi ky sang tao cua nu tti thdc hp da cd bl ddy tich luy tri thiie vd kmh ngMlm thue tiin dl sang tao Tham cM d tudi nay, nMlu nu tri thuc Id chuyin gia dau ddn ttong linh vuc khoa hpc ma minh ngMIn ciiu, giang day Su bdt binh ddng gidi da ddn din mot su lang pM chat xam - Vdi quy djnh nay, thu nhap theo luong va bao MIm xa hdi eua lao dOng nii ndi chung vd cua nu tri thuc ndirilngtiidphon nam gidi phdi ngM huu trude nam so vdi nam gidi Thuhai, nhiiu chUttuong;chinh sich cua Ding va Nha nuoc vi binh ding gidi chua duoc tiiin khai diy da va kip tiidi - Theo Hudng ddn sd 15-HD/BTCTW (5- i 1-2012) eda Ban Td ehde Trung uong Dang, dl dui?e quy hoach, cdn bO phai dd Mdi dl lam viec thIm nMem ky (10 nam) hoac it nhdt Id mdt nMem ky (5 nam) trudc kM ngM huu Vdi quy djnh nay, phu nu phai nd luc phan ddu dl dupe vdo quy hoach trudc 45 tudi hoac cham nhdt la 50 Mdi Dl duoc fad nMlm, phu, nii phdi edn dd Mdi dl lam vile thIm nam nua Nhu vay, cae can bO, cdng ehiie nu nlu da oMdi 46 tM "duong nMIn" se mat CO hOi dl dupe dua vao quy hoach can bO va khdng dupe bd nMem kM da d Mdi 51 (ttong kM nam gidi edn ttong Mdi quy hoach vafadnMlm din tudi 55) Trong kM Nghi quylt 11-NQ/TW cua BO CMnh tri "Ve cdng tac phu nu thdi ky day manh cdng ngM|p hda, MIn dai hda ddt nude" cM ro; "Thuctnen nguyen tic binh ding gida nam va nu ve tudi quy hoach, dao tao, de bat va bd nhiem"'^' Nhu vay, nhimg quy djnh vl dp Mdi ngM huu ddi vdi cdn bO cdng chiie da khdng bdo dam nguyin tdc ndy - Nhiing nam qua, Ddng va Nhd nude da cd nhiing ehd truong vd ban hanh nMlu chinh sdeh Idn vl cdng tde phu nu Tuy nMIn, miic cu till hda cac van ban quanttpngndy din tiing nhdm ddi Mpng phu nii edn han chi, mac du dd chinh la Idiau quan ttpng nhdt dl dua ehu truong, dudng Idi eda Dang vdo cuOe sdng NMlu CO quan, don vi khdng thuc Men, songvdn ehua cd ehltaixuly tMch hpp CMnh dllu da gdp phan khdng rtiid ddn din su hut hdng vl dOi ngu va lam md nhat vaittdeua nii tri thiie ttong boat dOng ngMIn ciiu khoa hpc vattongcdng tde lanh dao, quan ly d nude ta Men Thiiba, viec sd dung nd tri thiic tiong caeca quan n^dn cuu khoa hoc bat hop ly; viec LYLUANCH1'NHTR!-SO11/201S ^ N G H I E N CUTU - P H A T T R l i N LY L U A N bdtiicadu tionglua choni^uai ungcudang trinh dp, dan tOc tMlu sd vd edctieueM khac la lio cin han chi cahoi thing tiin cua phu nu eung vdi tilu cM gidi Dilu lam cho nO - Qua khdo sdt d mdt sd ea quan nghiln gidi gdp nMlu thach thiie dl dupe bau ehpn cuu khoa hpc eho thdy Men dang tdn tai mdt hon nam gidi, tham cM ed thi bj loai phai tinh tr^g phd biln Id kM triln khai ede edng ttanh eu vdi iing viln khac la nam gidi cM edn ttinh khoa hpc cdng nghe cac cap, nhdt la ddp ling 1tieucM Vdi co ehl "eo cdu" ndy, ro cdp nhd nude, cap bO, nii tri thuc thudng ehi rdng nguyen tde binh ddng gidi khdng dupe ddng vai ttd la lye lupng tham gla, cdn ngudi bao ddm ehd tri cac edng trinh ndy ehu ylu la nam tri Nhu vdy, nhCmg rao can vl thi ehl, chinh thuc Dllu nghich ly Id nhilu trudng sdeh neu ttIn dang can ttd co hdi phat ttiln hpp, trinh dp ndng luc ngMIn ciM khoa hpc eda khdng It nu tri thiie vd ehua phdt huy dupe vd nang luc sang tao cua nu tti thue khdng vj thi va vai ttd cda hp ttong phdt triln xa hOi thua kim nam tri thiie, tham cM khdng it Rio cin vi quan ni$mj^ hdi nha khoa hpc nu la chuyin gia ttong ede linh Do quan nilm chung vl thiln ehde ciia vue ndy phy nu Id phpe vu gia dinh cdn dl nang; Tmhttang"hOl ehiing edp phd"ttongedc vj binh gia trudng cdn ehi phdi manh ea ttong tri lanh dao, qudn lyttonghi thdng ehinh tri gia dinh va ngodi xa hOl, tham cM rdo can cdn cimg Id phd biln ma nMlu edng trinh n ^ l n gap phai tu cMnh su dd ky, mu klo lan ciiu da di cap eua ban thdn mOt bd phdn phu nu kMIn eho Nguyin nhdn Id M tudng ttpng nam khinh nu tri thiie tham gia vao cac boat dOng ngMIn nu edn cM phdi nang ttong xa hOi Dilu cuu khoa hpe, boat ddng ehinh trj bi ban ehl ddn dintinhttangbat binh dang giiia nam va rat nhilu cohdi dl thang tiin, hode cdtillgap nuttongphdn edng, su dung vd ddnh gid cdn phdi nhiing phdn iing tilu cue hp ddm bO ddn din vile nang cao nang lue va ttao nhilm vi tri lanh dao quyln eho phu nii bj ban ehl MOt bO phdn MOt ngMIn cuu nam 2013 cho kit qua sau: nii tri thdc cdn tuti,ehua ehu dpngttongvile ttong sd 2.400 phdn hdi qua mang eiia nhiing khdng djnh nang lue ban than ngudi tham gia khdo sat, eM ed 50% eho rdng - Trong Unh vue cMnh tri, su tham gia cua phu nu nen theo dudi nhiing cdng vile nhu nu tti thiie vdo edp uy edc edp edn nhieu ban lanh dao ehinh phd, ehuyin gia kmh te hoae ehl Trong kM dd, co ehl vl "co cdu" dl lya doanh nhan Trong so nhiing phdn hdi, sd ehpn ngudi img eu Men dang la mot rao lupng nam gidi va nu gidi cho rdng nhimg nghi can ddi vdi nii tri thdc kM tham gia iing eii vao ngMlp ndy khdng phu hpp vdi nu Id ngang Qudc hOi hay HOi ddng nhdn dan cdc cdp Thi Ciing theo khdo sat nay, nam MIn du dl bao dam su da dang vl tinh dai dien, eo tte ky vpng ngudi phu nii phdi ddm dang ehl quy dinh su dung he thdng cMtieuda (66%), cham cM (63%), hy sinh/ehiu dung dang (gdm nhilu tieu cM cimg phai thda (33%)'^' Nhimg quan Mem xa hOl vl vai ttd man) de lua ehpn d^ diln chinh ttj Nlu mdt truyin thdng cua gldl m dam ttong xa hOl va img viln Id nu dupe lua ehpn tM cung mOt luc cde the ehl dang Id rao can ddi vdi sir phat MIn hp phdi dap iing nMlu tieu chi vl Mdi, vl cua phu nu ndi chung va nu tritiiiiendi rilng LfLUANCHfNHTRI-Soll/2015 m IM6t s6 de xu4t v^ chinh sach i)i bo nhung rao can co ch^, chinh sach doi vin nO tri thiic, bao gdm ca nii lanh dao, quan ly, c ^ thuc hien mfit s6 noi dung sau: - Ra soat, xay dung, bo sung, hoan thien cac chinh sach doi voi phu nii noi chung va nii tri thiic noirieng Xem xet sua ddi Bg luat Lao dpng va cac luat liSn quan toi cac ch§ dd bao hito xa h6i, nghi huu cia nu tri thirc va tudi giu chiic vu lanh dao, quan ly ciia can b6 nii nhSm bao dam nguyen tic binh dang giiia nam va nu v§ dp tu6i dl bat va b6 nhi$m (theo tinh thin ciia Nghi quy^t 11 ciia Bp Chinh tri khoa X) Tilp tuc qudn triet sau sic cdc chii truong, chinh sach cCia Dang vk Nha nuoc vl cdng tdc can bg nii va nu tri thuc; nang cao nhan thuc c4a cac cSp, cdc nganh, nhSt la nguoi dung dau co quan, don vi, dia phuong vl y nghia, tSm quan trgng cua viec phdt huy vi thi, vai tro cua nu tri thiic m6i dia phuang, don vi Cdc cSp iiy, td chdc dang tilp tuc chi dao va triln khai thuc hi6n nghifim Nghi quylt 11 Thuc hito nghi6m tuc cdc chii miong, chinh sdeh, phap luat cua Dang va Nha nu6c vl phu nii va nu tri thuc trto tinh than bao ddm binh ding gidi Bd sung cdc hinh thiic ky luat nghiem doi vdi thu tru6ng don vi nlu khong bao dam chi tieu 30% phu nii dam nhiem vi tri lanh dao cap vu va cap phong cac co quan nha nude Ddng thdi, bd simg nhung quy dinh cv thi vl hinh thiic khen thu&ng ddi vdd thiittu&ng,co quan thuc hi$n tot cdc chi tieu - Nghien ciiu dl xujlt chinh sach mdi dd mpt ngudi ling cil khdng nen ganh qua cocdudlbdoddm tinh canh tranh binh ding - Dua quan dilm gidi vao cong tdc quy hosich, tao ngudn can bp khoa hgc, cdn bg lanh dao, quan ly nii cdc cap gan vdi dao tao, bdi duong va bd tri, sii dung mdt cdeh hpp ly dpi ngu nutri thiic -De khac phuc tan gdc va toan di6n nhiing rao can ddi voi nu tri thuc, de tao moi trudng phdp ly va dilu kien thuan loi cho su phdt triln cua nu tri thiic cung nhu dl phat huy hifiu qua vi the, vai trd ciia dpi ngu tien trinh phdt triln chung cua dat nude, Hgi Lien hiep Phu nii Ban Vi su tiin bg phu nii cdc cdp tiep tuc nghien ciiu, tham muu, dl xuat ban hanh chinh sdeh dac thii v^ xay dang va phat men doi ngU nil tri thiic Viet Nam thdi ky dSy manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien d^ hoa va hdi nhap qudc td Bdi vi, cho din chua cd mot van ban, hay chinh sach chuyen biet nao ciia Dang va Nha nude dl capritogvl ddi tupng Van ban duoc ban hanh thi nhung rao can vl the chi chinh sach mdi cd the duoc dd bo va nguyen tdc binh ddng gidi phat triln mdi dupe bao dam tren thuc tiD (1), (4) Nghi quyft 11-NQ/ TW cua Bd Chinh tri "V8" cong tac phu nu thai ky dSy manh cong nglii$p hoa, hien dai hda ditnuoc", ngay27-4-2007 (2) Luat Hinh su, Luat Binh dSng gidi, Nghi dinh sd 34/2011/ND-CPi Nghi dinh so 66/2011/ND-CP; Nghi dinh s« 1I2/2011/ND-CP; Nghi dinh sd 27/2012/ND-CP (3) Ngudn w.w.whoilhpnvn.org.vn (5) UNDP, "San sang dS cong" - Tdi lieu tap huan danh cho nii ling vientilmnang ky bau cii nam 2016, u 13 LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-Scill/2015 ... eho rdng - Trong Unh vue cMnh tri, su tham gia cua phu nu nen theo dudi nhiing cdng vile nhu nu tti thiie vdo edp uy edc edp edn nhieu ban lanh dao ehinh phd, ehuyin gia kmh te hoae ehl Trong kM... khdng dupe bd nMem kM da d Mdi 51 (ttong kM nam gidi edn ttong Mdi quy hoach vafadnMlm din tudi 55) Trong kM Nghi quylt 11-NQ/TW cua BO CMnh tri "Ve cdng tac phu nu thdi ky day manh cdng ngM|p hda,... lanh dao ehinh phd, ehuyin gia kmh te hoae ehl Trong kM dd, co ehl vl "co cdu" dl lya doanh nhan Trong so nhiing phdn hdi, sd ehpn ngudi img eu Men dang la mot rao lupng nam gidi va nu gidi cho