Vấn đề nhà ở xã hội hiện nay ở nước ta thực trạng và giải pháp.pdf

numcn uuu bninn im' AM nui VAN DE NHA XA HQI HIEN NAY NUlDTC TA THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NGUYEN THI THANH THUY * I Chu truong cua Dang, chinh sach cua khdi nifim nhk d dugc uu dai, mtft khfii Mtfm rdt « Nha nudc ve phat trien nha d xa hgi gdn vdi nhk d xa hdi, tai cfie khu vuc dfi thi bao Tft nhfing nkm 1960-1970, mfic du Nha nudc gtfm tfit ca cac loai hinh nhk chung cu cao tfing da ed chmh sfich nham dfip fing rMu cdu nhk d Nghi dmh quy dinh rdt rd rkng cfie ckn hfi thutfc cho ngudi dfin, ttong dd tfip trung vitfc phfit triln chung eu eao lfing phai dugc uu tifin bfin vk cho efic nhk d Mufic sd hiM nhk nude eho efin btf ctfng Mufi dtfi vdi nhung cae dtfi tugng nhu efin be, nhfin vitfn ehfic Mufi vdi mdc gid rl tM chirM saeh ctfng nhfin, vifin ehfie nhk nudc vk sinh vifin bao cdp rMk d nky vfin ehua duge dmh danh Quan dilm nhk d dugc uu dai phai Ik ehung cu chirM Mfte Trong ttong Mdi gian dfiu fip dung vfin se edn anh hudng vk Mkm ehi duge dua vko chirM sfieh Dtfi mdi sau nfim 1986, mtft stf khd Ludt Nhk d 2005 sau nky khan vl tki chihh cung nhu nhftng May dtfi can Nkm 2004, cum tft "Nhk d xa hdi" duge xudt ban vl quan dilm phat tritfn, nhk d dugc ddu tu Mfin dfiu tifin ttong ttong van ban dtf Ik "CMtfn bang ngkn sfich eua Nhk nude khtfng edn dugc lugc phfit triln nhk d qutfc gia dugc ban hknh chd ttgng Thay vao dd, efic cfip chuM quyin dua Meo quytft dinh 76^004/QD-Trg" ttong dtf cd cfie chinh sdch khuytfn kMch viee Xxs xdy nhk dua dmh nghia vl Quy nhk d xa hOi Ik: (Juy eua ngudi dfin vk su Mam gia eua kiiM ttf m nhfin rMk d Nhk nudc htf ttg chMh sfieh ddu tu xfiy tfii viee phdt triln nhk d Mtfng qua vific Mfia nhkn dung nhfim bfin tta dfin, eho Mutf - mua vk cho sd hiM nhk M nhkn va quytfn ttao dtfi, mua bfin Mutf dtfi vdi cfie dtfi Mgng thutfc difin ehinh sfich nhk d Mtf Mfin irong Phap Itfnh nhk d nam 1991 ed khd khfin ttong vific cai tMfin chtf d dky, vk vitfc thay dtfi ckn ban vl chtf dfi sd hftu ddt dai khdi mfim nhk d xa hdi da xudt Mtfn mtft each Ml Mfin ttong Lufit Dfit dai nfim 1993 cung nhu gidn titfp qua mdt khfii Mfim khdc vtf quy nhk d nhiing Lufit si!ra dtfi, btf sung mfit sfi dilu cua Mufle sd hiM cfia Nhk nude Lufit nky nkm 1998 va 2001 TXiy nhifin, eimg vkn Nam 2005, khai mtfm nhk d xa htfi da lfin ddu phai khfing dinh rfing ttong thkp nifin 1990 cho titfn ehinh Aivtc xudt Mtfn ttong vfin ban phfip lufit dtfn gifta nhiMg nam cua thkp nifin 2000, Nhk la Ludt Nhk d 2005 vdi dinh nghia nhk d xa htfi nude vin mutfn gift vai trd chu dao nhu Ik ngufii Ik "Nhk d Nha nude hoae ttf ehde, efi nhfin ddu xky dung vk cung cfip nhk d cho nhftng dtfi Mgng m xdy dung dl eho cae dtfi tugng quy dmh tai uu tifin cda mirM vk mutfn hudng cfie MkiM phdn Dilu 53 vk Ditfu 54 eua Lukt nky thufi hokc Mutf kinh ttf khfic Mam gia vko phfin khfic iMk d nky mua" Nhu vdy, khdi mtfm nhk d xa htfi da dugc Dtfn rMftng nfim dfiu titfn cua Mtf ky 21, da xufit Mat hda van ban Iudt cd Mfiu luc eao iMdt, Mfin rMiMg May dtfi efin ban vtf vitfe khuytfn ttong cac cdc van ban dudi Mkt titfp theo cho dtfn kM'eh manh me su Mam gia eua efie Manh phfin diu sfi dung dinh ngMa gidn titfp nhu tttfn eoi kinh ttf khfie iMau vko vific xfiy dung cac du dn rMk d xa hfli rdiu mflt loai Mnh nhk d dugc xky nhkd dung dkrM eho ede nhdm ytfu thtf ttong xa hfli Ndm 2001, Nghi dinh 71/2001/ND-CP eua Nfim 2011 danh dku budc ddt phd vtf giai Chinh phu Ik vkn ban dfiu tien cd dl ckp dtfn vitfc quytft vfin dtf nhk d eho ngufii dfin dd Mi Dd Ik uu dai vl nhk d: iTu dai dfiu M xdy dung nhk d dl Quytft dinh stf 2127/(^-TTg ngky 30/11/2011 bfin vk cho Mue cho Mdy ddu nhftng nfim 2000, eua Thil tudng (Hiinh phu phe duyet CMtfn lugc phfit triln nhk d qutfc gia dtfn nam 2020 vk tdm nhM dtfn nfim 2030 Trfin co sd Chitfn luge nky • Thgc si Hgc viin Hdnh chlnh Qu&: gia TAP CHf GlAo Dye LY LUAN - S6 233 (8/2015) 41 Humtn bUU bnmn ini • AH nui nkm 2013, Chinh phu mdi ban hknh Nghi dinh 188/2013/ND-CP vtf phat triln nhk d xa htfi Nam 2013, Hitfn phdp mdi quy dinh vtf quyin noi d cua ngudi ddn, ttong dtf quy dinh trdeh nMtfm cua Nhk nudc la phai ed chinh sfich dl eai tMtfn nhk d cho ngudi ddn Cho dtfn nay, quan diem ehinh thdc vl rfiik d xa hOi da dugc quy dinh ro rkng ttong Lukt Nhk d sfia dtfi 2014: Nhk xa hfli Ik rMk d cd su hfl ttg cua Nhk nude eho cde dtfi wgng duge hudng ehinh sfich htf ttg vl nhk d Meo quy dinh cua Lukt nky Tlieo dd, Lufit quy dinh eu Mtf 10 nhdm dtfi Mgng ed khd khan vl nhk d duge hudng chinh sfich htf ttg vtf nhk d nhu: Ngudi cd eflng voi cfich mang, cflng nhfin lao dflng, ngudi Mu rMdp Mdp tai dfl thi Dfing Mdi, Ludt cung quy dinh eu Ml cfie ca chtf uu dai eho efie ehu dfiu M xfiy dung rMk d xa hfli nhu: Mitfn tiln sfi dung dkt, tiln Mufi dfit; mifin, giam Mutf VAT, Mutf Mu nhkp doanh ngMfip, uu dai vay vtfn Dac bitft, Ludt da btf sung quy dinh dl khuytfn kMch edc hfi gia dinh, efi nhfin Mam gia phfit ttitfn nhk d, nhfit Ik nhk d xa htfi cho cdng rMkn khu cdng ngMfip Dilu nky da k h ^ g dinh quan dilm, muc tifiu chinh tri efia Dang, Nhk nude vl phat triln nhk d eho ngudi ngheo Phdt triln nhk d khtfng ehi Meo ca chtf thi tmdng mk Nhk nude cd trfieh nMfim can Mifip hoac htf ttg dl ngudi dfin cd nhk d, dkc bifit Ik nhiMg dfii Mgng Mu nhkp Mdp, khtfng cd dilu kifin mua nhk Meo ea chtf thi tmfing Thirc trang vain de phat trie'n nha d xa hpi hien Nhu da phkn tt'ch d ttfin, d nudc ta hifin da cd rfit rMilu uu dai khuytfn khieh thknh phfin IdrM ttf Mam gia phfit tritfn rMk d xa htfi, nhifin dtfn ktft qua dat duge vdn edn mtft stf ban chtf Ngay ttong Mdi ky phfit ttiln manh me eua Mi tmdng bdt dfing san, bfio cfio cua UN Habitat (2014) eho tlidy dfi'n thdng 9/2010 ca nude mdi ed 110 du dn rMk d eho ctfng nhfin duge dang kJ eho giai doan 2009 - 2015 vdi chi 24 du an da dugc Mue Mfin, eung edp chtf d cho 125.000 ngufii Iao ddng Bfin eanh dd, ed 194 du an nhk d eho sinh vifin dugc dfing ky, vfii 94 du an da khdi ctfng dl cung cfip chfl d eho 330.000 suih vifin vk khoang 190 du an nhk d cho ngudi Mu nhfip Mdp duge dang kJ dtf cung edp 170.000 can hfi.'" TTiuc ttf, cOng tac tritfn khai efic du fin nha cf xa hfii tai hai Mknh phtf ldn Ik Hk NOi, Thanh Phtf Htf CM MirM cho Mfiy edn gap phai nMlu khd khan bdi ly khfich quan cung nhu chu quan mang lai Dac bifit, giai doan kinh tl thofii ttko ddn dfi'n cufie khiing hoang vl thi tmdng bfit dfing san, stf Iifiu cfip nhfit cua Sd Xfiy dung Hk Ndi cho Mfiy dtfn thfing 8/2014 cd 66 du fin phdt tritfn nhk d xa hfii da vk dang dugc Mln khai ttfin Thknh phtf, vdi khofing 5.016.000 m^ skn Trong cd 44 du dn rMk d Mu nhkp th^ vdi khoang 37.800 ckn hfi, 10 du fin nhk d siah vifin dfip iMg eho khoang 39.(XK) sinh vifin, 12 dii dn rMk d cdng nhkn, dfip dng cho khoang trgn 40.000 cfing rMfin Tuy nhifin, stf du an nha d xa hfli duge hokn Manh ehua nhilu vfii rMa d cho ngufii Mu nhap Mdp, du fin rMk d cOng nhdn vk du fin nhk d sinh vifin Chi ed du an dugc hokn thknh nkm vk efic du an lai du kitfn dugc hokn Manh ttong hokc sau nam 2015 Tai Thknh Phtf Htf CM Minh, Meo stf Ufiu cua Sd xay dung edng btf dtfn cutfi nam 2011 cfu cfi 630 ddt dugc dl xdy dung nhk d xa htfi, ttong dtf phdn ldn Ik ddt dkiM dl xky dung edc khu tdi dirM eu vfii khoang 460 ha; ddt dknh cho nha Mu iMkp thdp cM khoang 50ha, edn lai dkt danh dl xky dung khu nhk ctfng iMkn vk can btf ctfng nhkn vifin chfic'^' Tinh dtfn cutfi thang 7/2014, cM ed 37 du fin nha d xa htfi da dugc ehdp Mufin chu tmong dfiu W xfiy dung vdi quy mtf khoang 35.600 can hO Mang duong vdi 2.784.000 m^ skn, ttong dd CO tdi 25 du fin vfii 24.700 cfin duge ddu tu xdy dung ttfin ddt Nhk nude true tilp quan IJ; du dn vdi khoang 3.300 ckn dugc ddu W xdy dung ttfin difin tich dfit doanh ngMfip tu bfii thudng giai phdng mat bdng; du fin cdn Iai mfii dugc ehdp Muan ehuytfn dtfi tfi nhk d thuong mai sang nha d xa hdi ttong Mdi gian gdn dky Sfi lugng nhk d xa hfii hokn Mknh edn rfit kMfim ttfn, du kitfn ttong nam 2014, Thknh phtf cM dua vko sfi dung khoang 1.750 ckn vk ttong nam 2015,4 du fin du kitfn se hokn thkrM v&i ttfng quy mfl khofing 3.100 can htf Mdt ddu Mfiu khfing kha quan nfta vl phdt tritfn nhk d xa hfii Ik mkc dfi tfi dfiu nam 2013, sau Nghi quytft 02/2013, CM'nh phu da dua gfii ti'n dung 30.000 ty dfing tap tmng htf ttg phfit / - Bdo edo H6 sa Nhd a Viet Nam - UN Habitat -Bdo cdo SSXdydungTPHS 42 Chi Minh, 2013 T ^ CHi GlAo Dye L'V' LUAN - S6 233 (8/2013 NUmtN UUU UHINH IHI • AA HUI tritfn nha d xa hfii nhung theo stf Utfu tfi Cue quan IJ Nhk vk Thi tmdng bdt dtfng san eho Mdy dtfn thfing 8/2014 cho Mdy ttfng stf titfn cam ktft mdi cM dat ban 7.000 ty dtfng, ttong dd stf giai ngfin Mue ttf mdi chi dat khoang 3.000 ty dtfng Me khoang 10% tokn gdi Cu Ml ban, chi ed 19 du fin rMk d ttfin loan qutfc da duge giai ngkn td gdi tM dung nky Nhu vky, rko can eho ktft qua edn kMfim ttfn nky eua cMnh saeh phfit tritfn nhk d xa hfii tai Viet Nam Ik ddu? Rko can dfiu tien duge dl cdp dtfn la dfi cd nMlu uu dai ttong ddu M iMk d xa hdi, titfn trinh Muc Men va Mu tue hknh chirM lifin quan dtfn qua dirM tMtft Ikp du fin va xfiy dung rMk d Ik Mong dtfi phfic tap vk ttfn nMtfu Mdi gian cua chu dfiu tu, ithitfn eho efie chu ddu tu khfing mutfn tham gia vko thi tmdng vtfn kim hdp dfin vl thuong mai Ngoki ra, titfn h ^ xky dung nha d xa htfi, ehfi ddu m cung khfing dugc tu quytft dinh gia bdn, gid Mutf iMk mk phai Meo mde trfin dia phuang quy dirM, dd hg khfing chu dflng dugc ttong cMtfn luge dfiu m eua mMh Su tMtfu hut ngutfn vtfn ddu m dknh cho nhk b xa hfii cung Ik mflt nguyfin nhdn quan ttgng khde dfin dtfn linh ttang han chtf nfiu tttfn Dtfn Mdi dilm Mtfn tai, da phdn cfie du dn nhk d xa bfli dugc dfiu tu bfing ngutfn vtfn cfing, nhung ngutfn vtfn ngfin sfich tmng uang vk dia phuang dkiM cho lmh vue nky vkn bi gidi ban, ddn dfi'n kho khfin ttong vific buy dtfng vfin ddu M Mtft nguyfin iMdn ca ban khfie la vifie Mifi'u quy ddt dknh cho nha d xa htfi Su thitfu hut quy dfit cd Ml dtfn tfi cfing tfic quy hoaeh, kM dia phuong chua chu dfing dinh rd nhflng khu dfit dknh rifing eho vific xky dung nhk d xa hfii Tuy nhifin tai rdt nhilu ncfi, su thitfu hut quy ddt lai dtfn tfi ctfng tfic quan IJ Muc Mfin quy hoach Theo quy dinh 20% difin lieh ddt ttong cfie du fin nhk d cdn phai dugc dkrM cho nhk d xa hdi nhung Muc ttf rfit il cfie doanh nghifip tfin ttgng quy dinh nky mk khtfng bi xd IJ NMlu ttirdng hgp efic doanh ngMfip da Ifich lufit vdi quy dmh bdng cfich tim cdch ehuyin dtfi mue dieh sfi dung sang xfiy dung rMk d hoae efing trinh Muong mai, hokc dem gifin Ik bd qua ehua phat tritfn ddt nky efic giai doan ddu eua du fin Mgt so khuyen nghi Cd Ml Mdy rfing, nhk d xa htfi Ik mfit khfii TAP CHI SlAO Dye LV LUAN • S6 233 (8/2015) mtfm cdn tuong dfii mdi d Vitft Nam kM mdi cM ehinh thfic xufit hifin ttong khoang 10 nfim trd lai day Tuy vfiy, Mfing qua rMiMg May dtfi, ditfu chmh vk btf sung ttong ehinh sfich nhk d xa hfii, cd Ml Mdy viec xky dung vk vkn harM thi trudng nha d xa htfi Ik mfit qua trinh dfing vk vkn ludn titfp ditfn, ttong dd cfie iMk quan IJ cung lfing nghe rMftng phan htfi vk rMu edu tfi efic ben Mam gia nhkm ed duge nhfing btf sung, dilu ehinh eho phu hgp Tuy nhifin, vkn bi anh hudng bdi tu bao cfip vl nhk d cung rMu bi han chtf bdi nhiMg dinh chtf khfic nfim ngoki vfin dtf iMk d xa hfii nhu chtf dfi sd hiM, quy dinh vl tinh ttang eu tru efic May dtfi vk dilu chinh nky dtfi kM lai khdng mang loi dugc nhflng ktft qua phdt triln va khuytfn kMch nhk d xa hfli nhu mong mutfn Vdi dae thd eua mtft qutfc gia dang phfit triln, vdn phai nhkn Mdy rfing, Dang vk Nhk nude ta da ed nhiMg uu tifin, nfi lue nhdt diiM vifie dam bao vl rMk d cho cae dtfi tugng cdn htf \sa gdp phdn tfn dinh ehinh tri, bao dam an sinh xa htfi vk phdt triln dfi Mi Nhkm phfit triln hon niia nhk d xa hdi ttong Mdi gian tdi, vtf phia ca quan quan IJ Mi CMnh phu va edc ehinh quyin dia phuang cfin ddy manh triln khai ctfng tae quy hoach nhfim xky dung duge quy ddt dknh cho nhk d xa htfi, phkn btf dfing ngutfn ngdn sfich Meo quy dinh dknh cho quy nhk d nky ^i Mue su khuytfn khich ehu ddu m td cfie thknh phdn kinh ttf tham gia xky dung nhk d xa htfi, cdc bude Mfi tuc hkiM chinh cdn dugc dan gian hda vk vific titfp cdn ngutfn vtfn dfiu M cdn duge hfi ttg dl hifin Mue hda hem nfta chfi khdng cM diMg lai d iMiMg eam ktft tttfn van ban Ddi vdi ngudi ddn Mi cdn phai bd di nhflng rkng bude khfing hgp IJ rMu tinh ttang cu tru, dtfng Moi dinh lugng ro ban cdc yfiu cdu vl dilu kifin nha d hitfn tai eimg nhu dilu kitfn kiiM ttf vk Mu nhdp hfi gia ^iM dl ngufii ddn dtf dang hon ttong vific titfp edn quy rMa b xa hfli Vdi cac ehinh sfich da ban hkiM vk se dugc titfp tue sira dtfi, bu sung, hokn tMfin ttong Mang lai, ehfic chdn se cd Mfim rfit nhilu khu nhk d xa htfi dfip ftng yfiu cfiu cua ngudi ddn mk ca Nhk nudc, doatM ngMfip vk ngudi dfin eung vao cuflc Mutfn phdt triln nha d xa hfli phai coi dky Ik ehuang trinh, nMtfm vu vfi efing khd khfin vi kha nkng ngan sfich nhk nudc cd ban, khfieh hang Myfit dai da stf Ik {xem tiep trang 49) 43 ... Mu nhfip Mdp duge dang kJ dtf cung edp 170.000 can hfi.''" TTiuc ttf, cOng tac tritfn khai efic du fin nha cf xa hfii tai hai Mknh phtf ldn Ik Hk NOi, Thanh Phtf Htf CM MirM cho Mfiy edn gap phai... Mdt ddu Mfiu khfing kha quan nfta vl phdt tritfn nhk d xa hfii Ik mkc dfi tfi dfiu nam 2013, sau Nghi quytft 02/2013, CM''nh phu da dua gfii ti''n dung 30.000 ty dfing tap tmng htf ttg phfit / - Bdo... cho nhk b xa hfii cung Ik mflt nguyfin nhdn quan ttgng khde dfin dtfn linh ttang han chtf nfiu tttfn Dtfn Mdi dilm Mtfn tai, da phdn cfie du dn nhk d xa bfli dugc dfiu tu bfing ngutfn vtfn cfing,