Chăm sóc người cao tuổi ở Việt Nam - thực trạng và giải pháp.pdf

TAP CHI PHATTRIEN N H A N LUC - SO 3(56)2018 CHAM SOC NGl/dl CAO TUOI d VIET NAM - THl/C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP THS HUfHH VANG PHUdC' T6MTAT Dil nude ta dd cd nhiiu chinh sdch cho ngudi cao tudi nhung ngudn luc han che nen khd ndng dapdngnhu cdu cua nhdm ddi tugng ndy thdp Theo dubdo, 50 ndm nua Viet Nam seed the hon 10 triiu ngudi cao tuoi Vdi so lugng nhu vdy, Viit Nam si phdi ducing ddu vdi thdch thdc gi luc luang lao ddng tdng chi phiy ti, trg cdp cao tudi vd luang huu , dieu kien kinh ten ta nhiiu khd khdn Muon nen kinh tiphdt triin ben vimg vd diiu kiin sdng ciia ngudi ddn n diung ngudi cao tudi ndi riing dugc cdi thien, Chinh phu cdn dua cdc gidi phdp cu thi, nha diong dig^di quyit dugc vdn degid hda ddn sd dang dien Tir khda: ngudi cao tudi; chinh sdch; gidi phdp l.Datvande Cach day vai thap nidn, d cac qudc gja phuong Ddng nhu Viet Nam, Trung Qudc, Han Qudc, Nhat Ban, , quan nidm dao diic vd truyen thdng van hda "con cai phai hidu thao vdi cha me, dng ba" dng ba mudn dupe d gan chau ndn ngudi cao mdi (NCT) d cac nude se dupe cai phung duong bet tudi lao ddng Vide dua dng ba, cha me vao viln dudng lao (VDL) dupe xem la trai dao ly Neu CO trudng hpp NCT vdo VDL thi dd chi la didu batkha khang va NCT cung nhu eon cai hp xem VDL chi la noi d tam thdi md thdi Tuy nhidn, thdi gian gan day, trudc dp luc ddn sd gid hda [nhu d Viet Nam va Trung Qudc), song song d6 la hien tupng eang ddng ngudi trudng iidnh chpn ldi sdng ddc thdn (nhu d Nhat Ban vd Han Qudc), Chinh phii cac nude ndy da phai nhanh chdng tridn khai cdc ehuong trinh tu van va chdm sdc NCT dd phue vu eho nhdm ddi tupng ngudi gia dang mdt tdng cao quan trpng cua vific ehdm sdc NCT nln ludn cd nhiing chinh sdch thidt thuc cham lo siic khde thd chdt va tmh than NCT, ndng cao chat lupng cupc sdng NCT, xem vile chdm sdc NCT la trach nhiem ehung ciia toan xd hdL Cdc chu truong chinh sdch ddi vdi NCT tdp trung vao sau hnh vue chu ydu: sflc khde va an udng; nhd d vd moi trudng; gia dinh; dich vu va baottpxd hpi; vile 1dm; ndng cao su hieu biet cua NCT Tuy nhidn, ngudn lue vd eae didu kiln kinh td - xa hpi ciia nude ta edn nhidu ban che ndn kha nang daptingnhu cdu cua nhdm ddi tupng ndy cdn thap Theo du bao 50 nam nUa Vilt Nam si ed thlm hon 10 ttiln ngudi cao mdi.'^' B6 giai quyet dupe vdn dd gta hda dan sd dang didn ngdy eang manh me, Chinh phii cdn dua cdc gjai phap ddng bd, nhanh chdng vd cu the hon nfla ThUc trang cham sdc ngudri caottidi6 Viet Nam Viet Nam dang d thdi ky gid hda dan sd vdi d Viet Nam, Nhd nude sdm nhdn thay tam ^ Khoa 0ai cuong - Hpc vien Can bp Thanh p ih Chi Minh '" Nghiem Trung: "Gia hoa dan so Thach thiic vi ccr hpi", tir website, http //nhandan com.vn/suckhoe/tin-tuc/ item/30619302-gia-hoa-dan-so-thach-thuc-va-co-hoi.html, truy cap 20/4/2018 H U V N H VANG PHUOC - CHAM SOC NGUCfl C A T U L ' tdc dp gid hda thudc hang nhanh nhat the gidi dua di khdm chfla benh Chua ke, ty ll sinh Nam 2016, Viet Nam cd 10,1 trieu NCT chiem Viet Nam ngdy eang thap, dac biet la d cdc 11% tdng ddn sd, ttong dd ed ban hai trieu phd Idn, nen ty ll NCT sdng cd don ng^' ngudi trin 80 tudi,'^' Theo du bdo, ddn sd Vidt cdng gia tang, didu khidn cho mo hinh ttr' Nam se ehinlitildebudc vao giai doan "gia hda" cham sdc sflc khde NCT tai nha se khdng ' tfl ndm 2017.*^' Tdc dp gid hda dan sd nhanh, phu hpp tuong lai nhung cho den nay, mang ludi an sinh xa hpi NCT nude ta thudng ed sflc khde ban chdvi' ddi vdi NCT d Viet Nam cbua dupe bao phu thditteva trung nien it van ddng, tudi thp chi vd dau tu dung mdc, ehi nhung ngudi ttin 80 bdy muoi nhung da cd khoang chuc nam dau tudi mdi dupe nhdn trp cap vdi sd tidn 270.000 ydu Benh cua NCT chu yeu la cac benh man ddng/ngudi/thdng.^''' Ngoai ra, sd ngudi tham tinh Ddng thdi, ngudi gia thudng mac va dieu • gia bao hiem y te cdn rat thap, dac bilt la nhihig tri nhieu benh eung mpt thdi didm, Cdc benh' NCT lao dpng tu do, 1dm viec d khu vue ndng thudng gap Id cao buydt dp, lodng xuong tieu 1dm ngu nghidp Theo thdng kd ciia Vu Bao dudng, gan nhiem md, ung thu, tuyen tien liet, ^ hiem xa hdi thudc Bd Lao ddng - Thuong binh sa sut tri me Do mang ludi hdttptidp can y te vd Xd hpi nam 2017 cd tdi 62,6% sd NCT khdng d nude ta chua thuc su dap iing dupe nhu cau cd luong huu hode hudngttpcap tfl nhd nude chdm sdc NCT, ban than nhieu NCT gap Do do, nhieu NCT van phai tu lao ddng kiem nhiing khd khdn vd tdi chinh ddn den he qua sdng, tham cbi d nhieu vflng ndng thdn, NCT klii hp ddn benh vien dd chfla tri thi benh da rat cdn Id lao dpng chinh gia dinh nang hoac roi vdo giai doan cudi Qua trinh dd thi hda dang diln nhanh Ngodi ra, he thdng trung tam baottpxa hoi chdng, keo theo dd Id qua trinh gia tdng su (biln cd khodng 400 trung tdm) chdm sdc chuyen ddi vile Idm tfl ndng nghilp sang cdng ngudi gid,tteem, ngudi khdng noi nuong tua nghidp, tfl mdi trudng sdng ndng thdn sang dd chi mdi ddp ihig com dn vd noi d, ehua dap img' thj Dieu khien mpi ngudi ngdy cdng ban ve cham sdc y td Nhd dudng Ido (NDL) dupe ^ rpn hon, dae bilt la nhiing ngudi dangttongdp nha nude baottphien van cdn it so vdi nhu ' tudi lao dpng, vdy thdi gian cham sdc dng ba, eau, trang thiet bi, co sd vat chat, y bdc si, can bd' cha me se bi ban chd chuyin ngdnh, san choi sinh boat cho NCT.,,,' Theo dieu tra ciia Quy Dan sd Lien Hidp ehua dupe dau tu diing mflc Mpt vai nam gan Qudc tai Viet Nam, cd gdn 20% NCT Viet Nam ddy md hinh NDL tu nhan da xudt hien niiung sdng dudi mflc ngheo, da sd hp van phai lam rao can ve truyen thdng van hda, chi phi djch viec, chu yeu Id lao ddng tay chdn vdi thu nhdp VII nln mo hinh ndy cung chua thuc sir dupe i ddn nhdn thap vd khdng dn djiih Bin canh dd, viec ehdm sdc sflc khde cho Thuc trang trin cho thay van de cham sdc y NCT van chu yeu la chdm sdc tai nhd vl chi phi tl va tinh than cho NCT cdn phai dupe ddu tu khdm ehua benh cao vd NCT khdng cd cdi nhieu ban nfla de ddp ting nhu cau ciing nhu ndng cao chat lupng sdng eua NCT '" Thong lan xa Vjfl Nam: "70% so ngucri cao tu6i Viet Giai phap Nam khong nh^n dupe trp cap", tit website, https7/tuoi1re Ve phuong didn chinh sdch, song song v6\ vn/70-so-nguoi-cao-luoi-o-viet-nam-khong-nhan-duoc-trochinh sdch ddc thfl cho NCT, cdn dua vdn de gia cap-1354123.htm tmy cap 20/4/2018 "' T6ng c\ic Thdng ke, 2010 hda ddn sd long ghep vdo cdc chinh sach phat '"'Chinh phii "Nguoi cao tu6i hucmg trp cip thip nhit 270 000 tridn kinh te - xd hpi, gdp phan hodn thien chinh d6ng/thang", tiir website: http://baochinhphu.vn/Tra-loisach an sirtii xd hpi vd ndng cao chat lupng sdng cong-dan/Nguoi-cao-tuoi-huong-tro-cap-thap-nhat-270000dongthang/281969 vgp, tmy cip 20/4/2018, HUYNH VANG PHUOC - C H A M S C N G J O I C A T U | cho NCT nangva sflc khde Trien khai chuong trinh tu van vd cham sdc Hien d Vilt Nam, NDL ehi dupe hieu dem site khde NCT dua vao cdng ddng, dia phuang gian la mdt md hinh nha d cung cap cac dich Md hinh se cung cap thdng tm, kidn thflc ve vu chdm sdc sflc khde vd tinh thdn eho NCT, phuong phdp chdm sdc, che dp sinh boat ve the chua phdn bilt NDL cho NCT cdn minh mdn chdt vatinhthan, hudng NCT ddn ldi sdng tich vd khdng cdn minh mdn, NCT cdn khde manh cue, khde manh, cd Ich cho gia dinh cung nhu vd NCT khdng thd tu cham sdc ban than Do xa hdi Cdn nhin nhdn NCT Id mdt phdn dd, vide td chflc cdc boat ddng chdm sdc y td cong ddng, loai bd hodn todn suy nghi mdi gia va sinh hoat cho NCT d cac NDL cdn ban che \k ganh ndng Mpt ttong nhOmg phuong phap vi nhan vidn NDL ddn tam sflc cho cdc NCT chara sdc tdt nhdt hiln Id Viet Nam can ed ed benh hon la chdm sdc tinh than cho nhung chinh sdch phdt huy tdt vaittdcua NCT ttong NCT cdn khde manh Ddy id han che ma chdng xa hdi; tao co hdi cho NCT tham gja cdc hoat ta cdn phai nh'm nhdn, cdn uu tidn ddu tu xay dong kmh te, van dd phuc lai xa hpi hdn quan dung NDL phfl hpp danh cho tflng ddi tupng ddn cham sdc y te, vdn hda, the thao, du lich bao NCT, cho phu hpp vdi tinh hinh sflc khde, trpxahpi, cham sdc NCT didu kiln kinh td Td chflc cac budi hdi thdo, edu lac bp NCT de Khi xay dung NDL can chfl y ddn khdng gian ho fun hieu ve cac chinh sdch mdi eua Dang, va dnh sdng, cdy ed tu nhiln de hp cd cam gidc Nha nude; td chflc cac dpt khdm, truydn thdng dang d tai gia dinh chfl khdng phai Id benh viln; cua nganh y te de NCT cd thdm thdngtinvd mdu sdc trang nha, cd thd nhin ngodi bau ttdi phong chdng nhiing cdn benh tuoi gia nhu tieu ttong xanh tao cam giac thu thai va gan vdi thien dudng, ho hap, cao huye't dp nhidn; didu kidn ve smh mdi trudng phdi tuyet Thanh lap cac Cau lac bp NCT dia phuang ddi dupe dam bao de siic khde NCT eang de NCT giao luu ban be, ttao ddi kinh nghidm dupe cai thien; dam bao hieu quattongvan song phuong phdp nudi day eon chdu ttong hdnh (gidm thidu khoang each di lai cdn thiet thdi hiln dai, ndng cao kidn thflc chdm sdc sflc gjfla cdc khdng gian thudng hay dupe sfl dung khde cho ban thdn Qua dd phdt huy vaittdcua nhfl: phdng sinh boat chung, thu vien, khu vuc y ho nhu la luc lupng truydn thdng eho viec thuc td ); can dap ring cac ylu cau thiet ke kien true hiln ehinh sach ddn sd - kd hoach hda gia dinh dam bao cho ngudi khuyet tdt, NCT de ddng tiep can cdc khdng gian chflc ndng nhd tren dia bdn Tao viec lam cho NCT, dd cd vile lam dudng lao; an ninh vd an todn, han chd tdi da chdm sdc nhflng NCT khde NCT d nude ta kha ndng vap, ngd, tron trupt NDL cung can da phan khdng nhdn dflpc Iflong huu hoac cd cd dpi ngu didu dudng vidn chuyen nghiep, tam luong huu rat thdp Giai phdp tao thlm ly, tan vd chu ddo Hp phai cham sdc NCT cong an viec lam cho NCT edn sflc lao dpng vd bang cd tam ldng cd nhu cau lao dpng NCT se hidu nhu eau cua Ben canh dd, nln khuydn khich nhan rpng nhdm ddi tupng ddng dp tudi di tdng cudng md hinh NDL tu nhdn dd chia se nhu cau cua hottpnhau thdng qua lao dpng va dich vu xd hdi vide chdm sdc NCT vdi he thdng chinh NCT dem lai Khi tuyen dung NCT, NDL dupe Nhd nude bdo ttp, phai ed chinh sach myen dung thdn thien vdi Nhdn vien NDL cdn tdng cudng tiep can vd tu hp, cbinh sach vd huu hnh dpng va ddu tu cho van cho eon cdi NCT hidu y nghia vide dua cha ngudn nhan lue dd tao didu kiln cho hp dupe me vao NDL Id dd hudng cac dich vu chdm sdc lem vide Idu ban theo cdch phu hpp vdi kha sdc khde tdt Day ciing dupe xem nhu mdt cdch H U V N H VANG PHac3C - C H A M SOC HG\JC}\ CA0TU(3|., lya chpn phu hpp vdi quan niem chfl hidu ttong giup NCT cd them dupe luc lupng cham sdc tai thdi hien dai gia neu hp khdng lira chpn den d NDL Nganh y td can tdng cudng ddu tu, cdi thien Can quan tdm tdng cudng ddo tao ngu6n cham sdc sflc khde ban dau; Idng ghdp chdm nhdn lire vd nhdn vien xd hpi cham soc sdc y te vdi cham sdc xd bdi eho NCT; chfl trpng NCT, de boat dpng cham sdc NCT ngdy mpt sflc khde vd dinh dudng cho NCT De dapflngsu chuyen nghilp va hieu qua ban, ' tang trudng vd nhu cau cham sdc y te, he thdng Kdt luan benh vidn edn nang cao ndng luc linh vuc Ngudi eao tudi Id mpt nhdm ddn cu dac hiet, cham sdc sflc khde NCT; can day manh khdm da ed qua trinh ddng gdp eho xa hdi vd hien sflc khde dinh ky, thidt lap sd qudn ly bdnh cho NCT Vd bao hidm y td, nln cdp bao hidm y td dang can an dudng tudi gia Hp xiing dang cd mdt mdi trudng sdng va cac dieu kiln chdm cho 100% NCT sdc ddc bilt so vdi cdc nhdm ddn cu khac, tir Hien nay, he thdng cac benh vien vile di diing, an udng, vui choi giai tri cho Viet Nam da cd Vien Lao khoa Trung uong Id benh viln chuyin phuc vu, didu tri benh eho den vile kham ehfla benh, ehdm sdc sflc kh6e' NCT Song cdc bdnh viln tinh ehua thdnh toan dien Thuc te, chiem ti ll khd eao ldp khoa Ldo dfl cd danh sd giudng cho benh sd NCT Vidt Nam la nhung ngudi lao dpng nhan gia NCT nhap vien thudng dupe bd tu do, qua 60 tudi thudng khdng cd luong tri nam rdi rae khdp cae khoa Day la diem huu Thlm vao dd, su bien ddi tfl xa hpi truyen ban chd, cac benh viln can nhanh chdng xdy thdng sang xa hpi bien dai lam giam di su hao dung khoa Ldo de cham sdc NCT mdt each trp NCT tfl gia dinh hp Vi vay, ddflngphd, giai hi thdng va khoa hpc quyet dupe nhflng khd khdn trdn nhdm nang Phdt trien md hinh y hpc gia dinh, ddng thdi cao chdt Iflpng ddi sdng NCT can phdt huy ddo tao ngudi ndi trp ehdm sdc NCT Ddy Id gidi npi lue cua tflng gia dinh, ddng thdi phai cd su phdp vfla giup ngudi ndittpcd vide Idm, vfla chung tay cua toan xa hdi  ... Ve phuong didn chinh sdch, song song v6\ vn/70-so-nguoi -cao- luoi-o-viet -nam- khong-nhan-duoc-trochinh sdch ddc thfl cho NCT, cdn dua vdn de gia cap-1354123.htm tmy cap 20/4/2018 "'' T6ng c\ic Thdng... sirtii xd hpi vd ndng cao chat lupng sdng cong-dan/Nguoi -cao- tuoi-huong-tro-cap-thap-nhat-270000dongthang/281969 vgp, tmy cip 20/4/2018, HUYNH VANG PHUOC - C H A M S C N G J O I C A T U | cho NCT... khdm ehua benh cao vd NCT khdng cd cdi nhieu ban nfla de ddp ting nhu cau ciing nhu ndng cao chat lupng sdng eua NCT ''" Thong lan xa Vjfl Nam: "70% so ngucri cao tu6i Viet Giai phap Nam khong nh^n