Xah0ih9cs6 2(126),2014 29 CHINH SACH LAO D O N G - VIEC LAM C5 VIET NAM: THI/C TRANG VA GlAl P H A P D PHU HAI* Van de chinh sach Sau 25 nam thyc hien phat triin nIn kinh tl thi trudng dinh hudng xd hdi chu nghTa, vdn de lao ddng - vide 1dm d nude ta da timg budc dupe giai quylt theo hudng tuan theo quy lu$t khach quan ciia kinh tl hang hda vd thi trudng lao ddng, gdp phdn dua nIn kinh te phdt tridn dat dupe nhdng thdnh tyu to Idn, cd y nghia lich su Tuy nhien, thyc trang chinh sdch gidi quyet van dd lao ddng viec lam d nude ta hien van cdn cd nhidu bdt cap, ehinh sach cd liic chua dap dng kip yeu cdu phdt triin Dilu dd thi hien d ede khia canh sau: Mat can ddi Idn vl cung - edu lao dpng, sd ngudi thdt nghi?p khd eao Id 1,12 ngudi thdt nghiep (thanh thi chilm 41,7%, cdn l^i la ndng thdn chilm 58,3%), ty 1? sd dyng lao dpng d ndng thdn chilm 70,2%, dd lao ddng nd chilm 48,5% (Tong cue Thdng ke, 2013) Tinh trang thieu vi?c lam thudng xuydn eao, chinh sdch tiin luang, thu nhap ehua ddng vidn dupe ngudi lao ddng gan bd t|n tdm vdi cdng viec Co cdu lao dpng ehua phu hpp vdi sy chuyen ddi co cau kinh td theo ydu cdu edng nghiep hda, hi?n dfii hda va hpi nhap qudc te Ty 1? lao ddng qua dao tao va ddo tao nghi thdp Ky ndng tay nghd, thi luc ngudi lao ddng ydu, k;^ ludt lao ddng vd tac phong lam vi^c edng nghiep chua cao Cae vdn ban cua Nhd nude hudng dan thyc hi?n cae luEit vl lao dpng, vi?c lam vd thj trudng lao ddng chua dupe thyc hien ddy du vd nghiem mmh, gdy khd khan cho vdn de gidi quyet vi?e lam Khd ndng canh tranh yeu, nhdt la d nhdng ITnh vyc yeu eau lao d^ng ed trinh dp eao Ca cdu nganh nghe dao tglo chuyen mdn k^ thuat ehua dap ling yeu cdu cua ndn kinh te ddi hdi Tir giai doan 2001 den nay, h? thdng phdp ludt kinh te lao ddng - viec lam tilp tyc dupe hodn thi^n nhu Ludt Lao ddng, Luat Ddt dai, Ludt Ddu tu, Ludt Doanh nghi?p, Ludt Hpp tac xa, Luat Thue, Luat Phd sdn, Luat Bao hiem xd hpi, Ludt Day nghe, Ludt Ngudi lao dpng Vi?t Nam di lam vi?e d nude ngoai, dd gdp phdn giai phdng sde san xudt, t^o dieu kien cho thi trudng lao ddng vi?c lam phat triin Bp Ludt Lao ddng dupe sira doi bd sung ndm 2002 vd 2006, 2010, 2012 lien quan tdi lao dpng, thi trudng lao ddng vd vide 1dm da ddn hoan thien khung phap ly cho thi trudng lao dpng phdt trien, tang cudng eo hpi viec lam va hoan thien quan he lao dpng Cac ' 75, Khoa Chinh sdch cong, Hgc vien Khoa hQc xa hgi Vien Han lam Khoa hgc x3 hoi Viet Nam 30 Chinh sdch lao dgng - viec lam d Viet Nam chi dd vl tiin luang, thu nhap, trp elp cdng hodn thien, gdp phdn ndng cao ndng sudt vd edi thien thu nhap cua ngudi lao ddng Tuy nhien, the ehl ehinh sdch lao ddng - viec Idm cdn nhilu bdt edp, ehua dap img mdt thi trudng lao dpng viee lam hi^n dai bdi eatih todn cdu hda hpi nhdp kinh te qudc tl hien Bilu hipn Id cdc chinh sdch lao dpng - vi^c 1dm cdn chung chung, chua rd rang Cdn thilu cdc gidi phdp chinh sdch binh dang vipe 1dm, viec lam an todn, cac quy dinh ve viee Idm ddy du, viec lam ban thdi gian, cdc khdi niem, dinh nghia ve thi trudng lao ddng ehua dugc xdc dinh rd; cdc gidi phdp hS trg cua Nhd nude chua day dd, chua ddp img ydu edu thyc tiin gdy khd khan hoat dpng qudn ly vd td chiic thuc hien chinh sdch lao ddng - vife 1dm Cy the Id qudn ly nha nude doi vdi thi trudng lao ddng - vipe 1dm vd vai trd dieu tiet cda Nhd nude ddi vdi quan he eung edu lao ddng cdn han che Sy kiem sodt, gidm sat thi trudng lao dpng, vipe Idm ehua chdt che He thdng giao dich thi trudng lao ddng edn ylu kdm thdng tin thi trudng lao dpng, viee Idm chinh thiic chua phat triin manh, chua cd cdc trung tdm giao dich Ion dat hieu qud tdm khu vue Hien nay, Vipt Nam dang phdi ddi mdt vdi nhung thdch thdc to Idn vl phdt triin kinh tl Canh tranh diln ngdy cdng gay gdi td d p dp sdn phdm, doanh nghipp din tdng thi nIn kinh tl, tu binh dipn nude din ngoai nude Chdt lugng ngudn lye lao ddng nude ta ehua ddp dng yeu edu, gdy trd ngai qua trinh hpi nhdp qudc tl Di ehuyin lao dpng ty phdt tir ndng thdn thi vao cdc khu cdng nghipp tjp trung vd di ehuyin nude ngodi keo theo nhilu vdn dl xd hdi Do dd, bdi canh Ludt Viec Idm ddi thdng 11 ndm 2013 (Ludt so 38/2013/QH13) ddi hdi cdn thilt nghien eiiu Idm rd nhGng trd ngji ehinh sdch lao dpng - viec 1dm dl dua nhOng gidi phdp va edng cy chinh sdch bd trg, giup gidi quylt tdt vdn dl lao ddng - vipe lam hidn tai Nhirng trd ngai tir ehinh sdeh lao dpng - vif c Idm NhGng khd khdn tren xudt phdt id nhOng trd ng?i chinh sdch Idn nhu sau: Thii nhdt, eho din chiing ta ehua ed dinh hudng, quy ho^ieh t6ng thi phat triin lao dpng - vipe Idm dai ban, quy hojich phat triin vdng, ngdnh nghi sdn xudt kinh doanh, eho nen su ehuyin dich ca cdu lao dpng cdn chpm Lao dpng ehu ylu Idm Iinh vyc ndng nghiep hode khu vyc phi chinh thuc cd ndng suit lao ddng vd hipu qua kinh tl thdp Thu hai, ngudi lao dpng chu ylu Id lao ddng phd thdng, chua td chirc t6t vipe dao t?o theo thdng tin dy bdo ft) ttudng lao d^ng - vipe 1dm va hudng nghipp cho lye lugng nien vdi so lugng hdng nam gia nh?p thi trudng lao ddng la tren 1,5 tripu ngudi Den thdi diem thdng nam 2011, hxmg tdng s6 hon 50,4 ttipu ngudi tit 15 tudi trd len dang 1dm vipe, chi cd gdn 7,7 tri^u ngudi da dugc ddo t?o, chilm 15,2% Hipn ca nude cd 84,8% sd ngudi dang Idra vipe ehua dugc ddo t^o dl d?t mdt trinh dp chuyen mdn kj! thuat ndo dd Day Id thdch thiic ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng v i ^ tang thu nh?p, ed ea hdi tiSp can cdng bdng vl viee 1dm vd hda nhdp vdi xd hpi Cd sy ehenh lech ddng kl vl ty Ip Bd Phi Hdi 31 lao dpng dang 1dm viec dd qua ddo tao giGa thdnh thi vd ndng thdn (30,9% vd 9%) Ty le lao ddng dang 1dm vice dd qua ddo tao thdp nhdt d hai vimg Ddng bdng sdng Cdu Long vd Tdy Nguyen (Wang ilng Id 8,6% vd 10,8%) vd cao nhdt tai Ha Ndi vd Tp Hd Chi Minh Ty trpng lao ddng dang 1dm vipe cd trinh dp dai hpc trd len khdc dang kl giOa cdc vimg Ha Ndi vd Tp Hd Chi Minh Id nhung nai tap ttung nhilu nhdt lao dpng dang lam vipe ed trmh dp dai hpc ted len (hiong dng Id 17,1% vd 17,4%) Chdt lupng vipe Idm cua Viet Nam cdn thap, ddy Id mdt thdch thiie Idn ciia ddt nude vide ddp ling myc tidu phdt trien ben viing Lao ddng vdi chat lugng thdp d^ng nghia vdi vide 1dm khdng ben vOng, vipe trd luong thdp vd khdng ddp ilng dugc xu thi mdi, su dyng cdng nghp hipn dji hong sdn xudt vd quan ly Ngodi nguyen nhdn vl id chuc ddo tao chiing ta chua cd chinh sdch uu ddi ddi vdi ngdnh, nghe su dyng lao ddng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thudt cae hoac sOr dung nhilu lao ddng phu hgp vdi dilu kien phdt triin kinh tl - xd hdi Thu ba, ban che Idn nhdt Id chinh sdch viec Idm hipn chu ylu mdi ehu trpng den tao vipe Idm theo chilu rpng, cdng nhilu viec 1dm cdng tdt ma chua chu trpng den chat lugng viec lam Vi vdy, chua khuyen khieh ngudi lao dpng ndng eao trinh dp vd tay nghi Cho din nam 2013, phdn Idn lao ddng nIn kinh tl vin 1dm nhGng nghe khdng can ed trinh chuyen mdn ky thudt cung nhu yen cdu eao vl ky ndng nghi nghidp Trong 20,4 tripu lao d$ng 1dm "nghi gidn dcm" (40,4%), 7,6 tripu lao dpng Idm "dich vy cd nhdn, bdo vd vd bdn hdng" (15,0%), 7,1 trieu lao dpng Idm "nghi ndng, 1dm, ngu nghiep" (14,1%) vd 6,1 tripu lao ddng 1dm "thp thu edng va cac thg khdc cd lidn quan" (12,1%) Lao ddng 1dm cdc nghi vl qudn ly, ddi hdi phdi cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thudt vd tay nghi cao chilm ty trpng khd khiem tdn tong so lao dpng dang Idm vipe Chi cd 2,7 tripu lao dpng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thudt bde cao (5,3%) vd 1,8 tridu lao ddng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat bdc trung (3,5%) (Tdng eye Thdng kd, 2013) Trong tdng sd 50,35 tri|u ngudi cd vice 1dm Id thupc nhdm nghe sau day: nhd Idnh dao, ehuyen mdn ky thuat bdc cao, ehuyen mdn ky thudt bdc trung, nhdn vien, dich vy cd nhdn, bdo vp vd bdn hdng, nghe ndng, Idm vd ngu nghiep, thg thu cdng vd cdc thg khdc ed lien quan, thg Idp rdp vd vdn hdnh mdy mdc thilt bi, nghi gidn dan thi hi|n cd bdn nhdm nghi sir dyng nhilu lao dgng nG Id "dich vy cd nhdn, bao vp vd ban hang" (63,1%), "chuyen mdn ky thudt bdc trung" (55,3%), "lao ddng gidn don" (52,4%) va "chuydn mdn ky thudt bde eao" (50,2%) (Tdng eye Thdng ke, 2013) Ddi vdi nhdm nghi "nhd lanh d?o", phdn Idn cdc nhd Idnh dao td 40 tudi trd len (69,1%) Mgt sd nhdm nghe ydu eau cd trinh chuyen mdn ky thudt vd tay nghi cao thi lao ddng tre dudi 40 tudi Igi chiem ty trpng Idn, nhu nhdm nghi "ehuyen mdn ky thuat bdc cao", "thg Idp rdp vd vdn hdnh mdy mdc thilt bi" Trong dd, nhOng nghe khdng yeu cau trinh dp chuydn mdn ky thudt vd ky ndng nghi nghipp thi ty ttgng lao dgng d cac nhdm tuoi khdng cd sy khdc biet Idn Ben canh ca eau eac loai thdnh phan kinh te nhihig nam gdn ddy gdn nhu khdng ddi Khu vyc ea nhdn/hp sdn xudt kinh doanh cd thi chilm tdi 77,8% 32 Chinh sdch lao dong - viec Idm a Viet Nam (39,2 tripu lao ddng) Kinh tl tap thi hipn chi edn tndt ty trpng rdt nhd (0,3%) Tu nhdn va vdn ddu tu nude ngodi Id hai loai hinh kinh tl ndng ddng, nhung ty hong lao dpng dang lam vice hai loai hinh khd khiem tdn (8,1% vd 3,4%) Ngodi nguyen nhan vl ddo t?o trdn chua chu trpng din chdt lugng, cdn co nguyen nhdn la chung ta chua Idm tdt viec ddnh gid, edp chiing chi ky nang nghS cho ngudi lao dpng gdn vdi viec ndng cao trinh dp ky ndng nghe Thii tu, he thdng thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng, vide Idm ehinh thdc chua phat triin manh Td chdc hoat dpng dich vu viec 1dm chua chuyen nghidp, ehua khoa hpc Hoat dpng cua cdc trung tdm, doanh nghidp gidi thieu viec Idm cdn qud chu trpng vdo dao tao nghi, cdn boat ddng tu vdn, gidi thieu viec Idm, thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng chua dupe chu trpng dung mdc Su phdi hgp hoat ddng giGa cdc trung tam gidi thieu viec lam, giGa trung tdm vdi cdc doanh nghiep, ngudi su dung lao ddng edn han che, ddc bidt ITnh vyc cung cdp thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng, vdy thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng chua cd sy kdt ndi giua cac vung, cac dia phuang Mdc dii dd ed ket ndi eung cdu lao ddng qua he thdng dich vu vide 1dm dupe phat trien da tung budc hoan thien khung phdp ly cho dich vy viec Idm Cung vdi ede trung tdm gidi thieu viec lam cdng lap, cdc doanh nghiep cung dupe phep boat ddng gidi thieu vice Idm, ke ea sy tham gia eua eac doanh nghiep ed vdn ddu tu nude ngodi Tuy nhien ehua cd ede trung tdm giao dich Idn dat hieu qua khu vyc Ca nude chi cd khodng 200 trung tam vd tren 3.000 doanh nghiep gidi thieu viec Idm, lai tap trung chu yen d Tp Hd Chi Minh vd Ha Ndi, song hoat dpng ehua hieu qud, chua thudng xuyen nen mdi chi dap img khodng 20% nhu cdu thdng tin cua ngudi lao ddng tim vipe lam Thii ndm, ehinh sdch lao ddng - viee lam dugc ban hdnh edn tdn man d nhilu vdn bdn gdy ehdng eheo Nhin chung cac quy dinh cua chinh sdch lao ddng vide lam mang tinh quy pham chua cao, chua rd trdch nhiem cua cdc ddi tupmg dilu chinh cua chinh sdch Cu thd Id: - Chinh sdch lao dpng - vipe Idm chd ylu hudng vdo ho trg, ehua hudng khuyin khieh phdt trien vipe lam Han nOa edu ehinh sach lao dpng - viee lam vl khuyin khieh ho Up thudng chdm ban hanh vd ehua dugc hudng dan Chdng ban: cau thdnh chinh sach vl vice mien gidm thul dl khuyin khieh cdc doanh nghipp, cdc to chuc vd ca nhan tao viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng, khuyin khieh dua lao dgng cd trinh dp ehuyen mdn, ky thudt di lam vipe d nude ngoai cd thu nhap eao, khuyin khieh di 1dm viec t!ii cac edng hinh, du an doanh nghiep, td chdc, ca nhan hong nude trimg thau hode nhdn thdu, ddu tu d nude ngodi, chinh sach ho trg ngudi lao ddng sau ve nude - Chinh sdch tin dyng tao vipe 1dm chua phu hgp vl dilu kipn vay vd mdc vay, thidu gdn ket gitta cho vay vdn vd ho trg ddu vao tilp c$n thi trudng nen hipu qua sd dyng vdn ehua cao Nhilu chinh sdch uu dai tin dyng chdng eheo tren cimg mdt doi tugng gay khd khan cho vipe thyc hien va khd di vao eupc song Quy qudc gia giai quylt viec lam ngdy cdng tap trung nhieu cho hd gia dinh vay von, it ho trp Bo Pha Hdi 33 cdc doanh nghidp dk tao them nhidu vide lam mdi Cac quy dinh vd Quf giai quyet viee tam ehua dupe sua ddi, bd sung kip thdi gay khd khdn qud trinh triin khai thyc hidn - Chinh sach tiin luong, ehinh sdch cau thdnh lao ddng - viee lam cdn bdt cap, "thu nhap khdng bu dap tdi sdn xuat sue lao ddng", dd khdng khuyin khieh ngudi lao dpng tham gia thi trudng lao dpng chdt lupng Tinh trang thieu lao dpng dang dien tren dien rdng, chu yeu ngudi lao dpng cam thiy miic tiin luong danh nghTa van chua bu ddp dupe muc tdng gid sinh hoat mpt ra|t cho thdy tac ddng cua lam phdt Idn ddi sdng eua hp, nhat la nhiing ngudi lao dpng nhdp cu Id rdt Idn Dieu cd the tiep tyc gay sdc dp Idn lam phdt thdng qua hieu dng vdng xody tdng luong - tdng gid - Chinh sdch cdu thdnh ho trp lao ddng di ehuyen den eac khu edng nghiep, khu dd thi cdn thilu Da si ngudi ddn di cu cae thi, khu cdng nghidp, khu che xuat chua dupe hudng cac chinh sdch ho tro di chuyen va dn dinh t^i noi den Trdi lai, mdt sd quy dinh cdn han chi khd ndng tidp cdn cua ngudi di cu ddn vi$c lam tdt, cac dich vu xd hdi ca ban tai dd thi Ben c^nh dd, ho^t ddng xuat khdu lao ddng ehua hieu qua Cdc ehuong trinh ho trp ngudi lao dpng trd vd nude tai hda nhgp thi trudng lao ddng nude ehua duac chu trpng Hien chua cd chinh sdch ho trp ngudi sit dung lao dpng sd dung nhieu lao d^ng la ngudi khuydt tdt, lao dpng nd, lao dpng Id ngudi ddn tpc thieu sd Thu sdu, hi^n tai vd tuong lai muc tieu gidi quyet viec lam phdi hudng tdi vdn dl vl chdt lupng, ddm bdo "vide lam ben vimg", "viec lam xanh" thi chi tidu "t^o viec lam mdi" bpe Id nhieu han chd, khd khdn ve phuong thdc tinh toan, khdng phan biet theo ngdnh nghi, gidi tinh, khu vye ndng thdn/thanh thj, khdng dam bdo tinh so sdnh qudc tl, dp tin cay thdp, phan anh khdng sat vdi thyc te Cd nhidu nguydn nhdn gay ndn han ehl tren, dd ehu yeu do: ca sd dd lieu qudn ly lao ddng ehua cd, tinh phdp ly ydu edu thyc hi?n chd dp thdng ke, bdo edo ehua du sdc bat budc cac td chirc, cd nhdn thyc hi?n nghidm tue he thdng thdng ke bao eao chua khoa hpc vd khdng dy bao dupe su dich chuyen lao ddng Do dd viec phan tich viec lam mdi cu rat khd khan Nhung giai phap chinh sdch lao dgng - vi^c lam Dai hdi dai bilu todn quic lan thu XI cua Dang dl mue tidu: "Gidi quylt vi?c lam cho trieu lao ddng ty le lao dpng qua ddo tao dat 55% Phdt trien da dang eac nganh, nghi dl tao nhilu viec 1dm vd thu nhdp; khuyin khieh tao thuan Ipi dl ngudi lao ddng hpc tap ndng eao trinh dp lao dpng, tay nghe; ddng thdi cd ca ehl chinh sdch phat triin, trpng dung nhdn tdi, ddy manh phat trien thi trudng lao ddng, tien luong, tien cdng phdi duac coi la gia cd sde lao ddng, dupe hinh theo co che thj trudng cd sy quan ly cua Nha nude, ehl dp hop ddng lao ddng duac md rdng, dp dung phd bien cho cac ddi tupng lao dong, ddi mdi td chdc vd ho^t dpng cua cdc trung tam dich vy viec lam cua Nhd nude; khuyin khieh td chiic cdc hdi cha vi?c lam (trich Bdo cao Chinh trj Dai hdi Ddng XI, 34 Chinh sdch lao dong - viec Idm d Viet Nam trang 39, 59) Dl thuc hien myc tieu nay, cae gidi phdp chinh sdch lao ddng - viec lam can thiet phdi la: 77i!i- nhdt, xdy dung kl hoach phdt triin kinh tl - xd hpi cdn phdi tinh din muc tieu giai quylt vipe 1dm cho ngudi lao dpng Ndi each khdc cdn xdc dinh myc tieu giai quylt vi$c Idm cae chiln luge, kl hoach phdt triin kinh tl - xd hdi De gan ket chinh sach viec 1dm vdi ehinh qud trinh vd kl hogch kinh te - xd hdi tdng thi vd tdi cau true kinh tl theo hudng hien dai vd phdt triin bin viing "viec Idm bdn vGng", "vipe 1dm xanh" thi cdn chu ddng phdt trien ed td chirc, cdc thi trudng lao ddng cd nhilu tilm ndng vd hieu qud kinh tl eao, nhdt Id thi trudng lao ddng chdt lugng eao vl kinh tl ndng nghiep, kinh tl biln, edng nghp thdng tin va xudt khdu lao ddng Dl ndng cao hieu lue cua chinh sdch viec Idm cdn ed sy phdi hgp ddng bd cdc cdp, ngdnh vd dia phuang ed lien quan, tang cudng giam sat, kiem tra viec thyc hien chinh sach, phdt hien nhGng ban chi, nhitag deb tde de xir ly kip thdi, qua dd de cdc ehinh sach di vdo cupc song ed hipu qud hon Trong dd ein cd giai phap chinh sdch khuyen khieh nien ndng thdn ty tgo viec lam cho bdn thdn, gia dinh Thii hai, id chdc he thdng ddo tao nghd, bd tri ngudn lue de ddu tu dao tgo nghe eho nien tu cdn tren ghi nha trudng d bdc phd thdng trung hoc Md rpng vd ndng cdp he thdng day nghe cho ngudi lao dpng d cap trinh dp (so cdp nghe, trung cdp nghe vd cao ddng nghe) Cdng cu ehinh sdch khdng chi huy ddng td chdc cdng tham gia ddo tao nghe cho nien ma edn can thilt tang cudng xd hpi hda cdng tdc ddo tao nghe de eho khu vye doanh nghipp vd xa hdi tham gia dich vy ndy Nhd nude cung cdc doanh nghiep quan tdm ddo tgo edng nhdn cd trinh dp eao, trinh dp Idnh nghi, khuyin khieh ede doanh nghipp dau tu nude ngodi dao tjio nguon nhdn lye ndng cao lao ddng chdt lugng cho chinh nhu cdu siir dyng lao dgng cua hp D I khuyin khieh hd trg cho doanh nghipp vd cdc to chuc tu nhdn tham gia vdo dao tao nghe qua vipe su dyng cdc cdng cy chinh sdch vl tdi chinh nhu miln giam thue, ho trp tdi ehinh Dl vipe triin khai day nghi, hpc nghi cd hi^u qua kinh tl thuc su, tranh hinh thdc vd Idng phi qud trinh triin khai ede dl dn ddo tao nghi, edn bdo ddm dau tu du mire theo yeu cdu day va hgc nghe, tranh tu tudng binh qudn chu nghia nhu kilu "phdt chdn", cdu ddi Mat khde, edn tdng cudng cdng tdc tuyen truyln, Iinh hoat va thiet thuc ve ndi dung vd phuang thuc ddo tao nghi, gdn vdi thuc tl ddi tugng hpc nghe, cung nhu gdn vdi chuong trinh vi$c 1dm cy thi cda moi dia phuang, dl cdc dii tugng lao ddng ndng thdn d vung sdu, vung xa, nhat la vung niii khdng bi lung tung vipe xdc dinh nghi hpc, sdp xip thdi gian hgc Han nGa, cdn chu y day nghi theo hudng tao vipe lam tai cho, hong dd ed dap ung nhu clu phdt triin ndng nghipp cdng nghe eao, hode thuc ddy qua trinh tdi cdu true toan dien kinh tl vd xd hdi ndng thdn theo tinh thdn "ly ndng bdt ly huang", dl ngudi lao dpng sdng d ndng thdn sau tot nghipp ede khda dao tao nghi cd thi tang khd ndng vd chu dpng tim kilm, tgo lap cdng vi$e, thu nhdp t?i qud nhd, khdng phdi di xa, giam bdt dp luc qua tai, phi kinh tl len cac dd thi Bo Phi Hdi 35 Thu ba, tang cudng gidi phap khuyen khieh chii trpng ddn chit lupng lao dpng vipe lam Giai phdp chinh sach Id khuyen khieh ngudi lao dpng ndng cao trinh dp va tay nghe thdng qua dao tao, dung cdng cu td chue cdng dl xdc dinh tay nghd c4p chdng chi nghi qudc gia cho lye lupng lao dpng clin phai chd ^ phat triin ngudn nhdn luc trinh dp cao ede nganh, ITnh vyc quan trpng, cd y nghia quylt dinh ddn hieu qua tang trudng kinh te cao, nhu kinh tl ndng nghidp sd dyng cdng nghd eao, kinh te bien, cdng nghe thdng tin va xudt khdu lao dpng cd ky thuat, ciing nhu khai thdc tdt dpi ngii lao dpng tir nude ngodi trd vd nude sau kit thuc hpp dong lao ddng d nude ngoai Mdt khde, can tao mdi trudng dp lye cao dl ngudi lao dpng Viet Nam khdc phuc anh hudng eua lao ddng nIn san xuAt nhd, tilu ndng, manh mun, dupe hpc tap vd rdn luy?n cdc trudng d^y nghi trpng diim chdt lupng cao, trudng dai hpe dang cap quoc te, dupe quan ly theo muc tidu bdo dam chdt lupng dao tao va gdn vdi nhu cdu cua xa hpi Thu tu, can td ehuc tdt hoat dpng dich vy viec lam phdt tridn thi trudng lao dpng va bao hiem that nghidp Khuyen khieh tang cudng hoat ddng cua ede trung tdm gidi thi?u vide lam nhu ehu trpng den hoat ddng tu vdn vide 1dm, cung cap thdng tin thj trudng lao dpng Khuyen khieh tdng cudng boat ddng eua cac trung tdm gidi thidu vi?e 1dm vdi cdc doanh nghiep hode ngudi sd dung lao dpng Bdn canh edng cu to chdc Quy bao hiem that nghi$p can dupe eung cd vd ddm bdo sy tham gia cua da si ngudi lao dpng Thii ndm, chinh sach lao dpng - viec lam can dupe thyc hien ding b$ vd ddng thdi, th$ra ehi mpt sd gidi phdp phdi di trudc mdt bude so vdi cac chinh sdch kinh td khdc Dge bidt, ehinh sdch khuyen khich ho trp cdng tde ddo tao nghi cdn bam sat nhu cdu thi trudng lao dpng - vi?e lam va di trudc, ddn dau cdc quy hoach phdt trien kinh td - xa hdi d cac dja phuang, nhdt Id nhdng dia bdn cd tdc dp dd thi hda va tdc dp tai cdu tnie kinh te - xd hdi nhanh Cdn cd ca sd phap ly cho vi^c hdu kidm giam sdt ddnh gid thuc hien chinh sach lao dpng - vi?c lam qua vi?c thyc hi?n che dp thdng ke, bao cao nghiem tue Thu sdu, hoan thi?n va thyc hi?n hieu qud ede ehinh sdch edu thdnh nhu chinh sdch tin dyng uu ddi phdt triin sdn xudt, tao vi?c lam, chinh sdch ho trp hpe nghi, ho trp ngudi lao ddng Vi?t Nam di 1dm vide d nude ngoai theo hop dong, uu tidn eho ngudi ngheo, ngudi dan tpc thidu sd thupc cae huypn ngheo, xd ngheo, thdn ban ddc bi?t khd khan, khuyen khich vd ho trp ngudi sd dung lao ddng sd dung nhieu lao dpng la ngudi khuydt tdt, lao dpng nii, lao dpng la ngudi ddn tdc thidu so bdng ede cdng cu tai ehinh v l mdt tdng the cac giai phap chinh sdch lao ddng - vi?c lam, can phai phdt huy dupe cdc ngudn lye eua xa hpi vdo vi?c tao vide lam va dam bdo vide lam; tdng cudng huy ddng cdc ngudn vdn cua doanh nghidp vd ede td chdc eho dao tao nang eao trinh dp ngudi lao dpng; v?n dung cdc edng cy ehinh sdch tai chinh uu dai bao gom nhiing gidi phdp uu ddi ve thue thu nhdp doanh nghiep, ho trp vl ddt dai va uu dai tin dyng, ho trp ve dao tao nhdn lye chdt luang eao thupc ngdnh nghi miii nhpn 36 Chinh sdch lao dpng - viec idm & Vi^t Nam dk khuyin khich manh me cac doanh nghidp ddu tu eho ddo t^o vdi ede hinh thdc khde nhu: ddt hang vdi cac eo sd ddo tao, tu tl chuc dao tao nhdn lye doanh nghi?p vd thdnh l^p cdc co sd dao tao doanh nghiep de dao tao nhdn luc cho bdn than doanh nghiep vd cho xd hpi Bdn eanh dd, can huy dpng ede ngudn vdn cua xa hdi dl ddu tu xdy dyng ca sd dao tao, td chuc cac logi quy khuyin hpc, khuyin tai cho dao tao nghi NhGng gidi phap chinh sdch cdn dupe tiin hdnh ddng bg vd cd hieu qua nhat vdi sy no iyc eua todn xa hdi, eua toan he thdng chinh tri qud trinh thyc hien ehinh sdch lao ddng - vide lam ciia nude ta nhiing ndm tdi, dap dng yeu edu co cdu lai va sd dung hpp ly ngudn luc lao dpng xa hpi de phat tridn nIn kinh td nude ta, hudng tdi muc tidu xdy dyng xa hpi ddn gidu, nude manh, dan chu, cdng bang, vdn minh Ket luan Vdn dl ehinh sach lao dpng - vide lam cang trd nen cap bach va Id nhu cau ca bdn ciia eon ngudi dl ddm bdo euOc song vd sy phat tridn toan dien Nhdng trd ngai cua chinh sdch lao dOng vide 1dm hien Id ehua cd dinh hudng, quy hogch ting thi phat tridn lao ddng - vide 1dm dai h^n, quy hoach phat tridn vdng, ngdnh nghi san xudt kinh doanh, chua td chdc tdt vide dao tgo theo thdng tin dy bdo thi trudng lao dpng vide 1dm vd hudng nghidp cho lye luong nidn, chua chu trpng ddn ehat lupng vide 1dm, thi trudng lao ddng - viee lam chinh thuc chua phdt tridn msinh, chinh sach lao ddng - vide lam dupe ban hanh edn tan man d nhidu vdn bdn gay chdng eheo De thyc hi^n cdng myc tieu gidi quydt vi^e 1dm cho ngudi lao ddng, phat tridn thi trudng lao dpng, gdp phan gidm ty le thdt nghi?p d thdnh thi, tang ty 1? sd dung thdi gian lao dpng d ndng thdn thi cac gidi phdp ehinh sdch la: xay dyng kl hoach phat triin kinh te - xd hpi can phdi tinh ddn muc tieu gidi quylt vide lam cho ngudi lao dpng; td chuc lai he thing ddo tao nghe, bd tri ngudn lye dl ddu tu dao tao nghi eho nien; tdng cudng giai phap khuyin khieh chu trpng din chdt lupng lao dpng - vi?c lam; tl chuc tdt hoat dpng dich vy vi?c lam phat triin thj trudng lao ddng va bdo hilm thdt nghifp; chinh sdch lao ddng - viec lam cdn dupe thyc hien ddng bp vd dong thdi, thdm ehl mdt sd giai phdp phai di trudc mdt budc vdi cac chinh sach kinh tl khdc; hodn thien vd thyc hien hieu qua cac chinh sdch cdu nhu chinh sdch tin dung uu dai phdt trien san xudt, tao viec Idra, chinh sach ho trp hpc nghd, ho trp ngudi lao dpng Viet Nam di 1dm viec d nude ngoai Ben canh dd, cdn vgn dung cdc edng cy chinh sdch mpt each linh hogt, bao gdm nhOiig cdng cu to chdc, cdng cy tuydn truyln v^n dpng, cdng cu tai ehinh uu ddi vd thue thu nhdp doanh nghidp, ho trp vl ddt dai va uu ddi tin dung, ho trg vl dao tgo nhdn Iyc va huy dpng cae ngudn vdn eua xa hdi s6 gdp phdn thue hi^n myc tidu eua Ddng ve chinh sdch lao ddng - vi$c lam giai doan trude mdt Bo Phu Hdi 37 Tdi li^u tham khao Cde van bdn Luat Lao ddng 2012; Ludt Vide lam 11/2013 Dang Cpng sdn Viet Nam 2011 Bdo edo Chinh tri Dai hdi dai bidu todn qude lan thu XI eiia Dang Cpng san Vidt Nam Phgm Lan Huang 2010 Cac van dd vd quan he lao dpng bdi canh Viet Nam hdi nhap kinh te qude te Trong sach Lao ddng vd xa hdi, (386), trang 45-49 Pham Thanh Nghi va Vu Hoang Ngan 2004 Qudn ly ngudn nhdn lye d Viet Nam: mpt sd van de ly lu$n va thuc tien Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi, Hd Ndi Nguyen Minh Phong 2011."Chinh sach lao dpng - vide 1dm nhin td gde dp kinh tl vT md" Tgp chi Tdi chinh Dien tu sd 96 ngdy 15/6/2011 Trdn Vidt Tidn 2012 "Chinh sdch vide 1dm d Viet Nam: Thuc trang vd dinh hudng hoan thien", Tap chi Kinh ti phdt triin sit 181, thdng 7/2012, trang 38-67 Ting cue Thdng kd 2013 Dieu tra lao ddng vd viec lam Vi?t Nam, 2011-2012 - Quy III/2013 Trung tdm Qudc gia Dy bdo vd Thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng, Cyc Vide 1dm, Bp Lao ddng, Thuong binh vd Xa hdi 2010 Xu hudng viec lam Viet Nam 2010 Ha Npi Luu Quang Tudn 2012 Lao ddng - vide lam ndm 2011 vd trien vpng ndm 2012 Vidn egp td Khoa hpc lao ddng vd xa hdi Truy http://eena.gov.vn/et/ht/Lists/BaiViet/DispForm.aspx?ID=45 (truy cap ngdy thang 12 nam 2011) Vi?n Khoa hpe lao dpng va xa hpi, Bd Lao dpng, thuong binh vd xd hpi 2011 Bao edo xu hudng lao dpng vd xd hdi thdi ky 2000-2010 Ha Ndi ... ehinh sdch lao dpng - viec 1dm dl dua nhOng gidi phdp va edng cy chinh sdch bd trg, giup gidi quylt tdt vdn dl lao ddng - vipe lam hidn tai Nhirng trd ngai tir ehinh sdeh lao dpng - vif c Idm... hidn - Chinh sach tiin luong, ehinh sdch cau thdnh lao ddng - viee lam cdn bdt cap, "thu nhap khdng bu dap tdi sdn xuat sue lao ddng", dd khdng khuyin khieh ngudi lao dpng tham gia thi trudng lao. .. lao dong - viec Idm d Viet Nam trang 39, 59) Dl thuc hien myc tieu nay, cae gidi phdp chinh sdch lao ddng - viec lam can thiet phdi la: 77i!i- nhdt, xdy dung kl hoach phdt triin kinh tl - xd hpi