Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Nghie u Giao dye Tgp 30, Sd (2014) 22-30 Mdi quan he giua thuc trang giao due cua nien nong thon va lua chon tiep can giao due cua hp gia dinh^ Tran Thi Thai Ha'', Ngo Thi Thanh Tung Vien Khoa hge Gido due Viet Nam, IOI Trdn Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hd Ngi, Viet Nam Nhan 12 thing nam 2014 Chinh siia 29 thing nam 2014; chap nhan dang 29 tbang nam 2014 Tom t3t: Nghien ciru "Mdi quan he giira thirc trang giio due ciia nien ndng thdn va lua chon liep can giao due cua ho gia dinh" lam r5 nien ndng thdn cd nhilu lua chpn giao due: cac bac he thdng giao due chinh quy, giio due phi chinh quy, giio dye truyen thdng, Tuy nhien, thyc tiln cho thay thyc trang hoc van ciia nien nong thdn van cdn thap va chenh lech cao so vdi yeu ciu cua thi tnrdng lao dpng Hpc van ay chua dii de ho tim kilm hay tao dung dugc mgi nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep va ngitpc lai, viec khd tim kiem viec lam phi ndng nghiep khien ho ngap ngirng tiep tuc dau tu hpc len b^c hoc cao hon Giai phap dot phap cho vin dl neu tren la cai thien cdng tac djnh hudng nghe nien nong thdn va gia dinh hp Tir khda Thanh nien, ndng thdn, tiep can giio dye, giio due ndng thon, ho gia dinh ndng thdn Boi ciinh nghien ciru "Giao due ciia cac hp gia dinh d khu vyc ndng thon bdi canh chuyen ddi kinh le xa hgi d nude ta hien nay" la de tai nghien cuu Vien Khoa hgc Giao due Viet Nam chii tri vdi sy tai trg ciia quy Naforsted Muc lieu chinh cua de lai la lam rd vai trd cua cac hd gia dinh the hien d chiln luge giao due (each tilp can, djnh hudng, ke hoach), dau tu, quan tam cho giao due cua cac vien d khu vyc nong thdn boi canh chuyen ddi kinh tl xa hpi d nude la hien nay; Phan tich moi lien he gifla vai trd, chien luge giao dye ciia hd gia dinh voi qua trinh chuyen ddi ca cau kinh te chuyin ddi xa hpi d khu vuc ndng thon va cac ham y ve mat Tac gia lien he DT, 84-977554 880 Email; Hatran.vnes'ggmail com Bai viel la san pham cua de tai nghien cuu VI2.32011 12 dwgc tai tr^rbaiQu) phat trian khoa hgc vS cong nghe qu6c gia (Nafosied) chinh saeh iCr ket qua nghien cim nay; Be xu3t cac giai phap (tir phia he thdng giao due, cpng ddng, ca chi chinh saeh) nham n§ng cao chat lugng va hieu qua giao due cua cac hp gia dinh d ndng thdn dap ung qua trinh chuyen doi kinh tl xa hpi giai dogn hien Trong qua trinh thuc hien nghien cuu, nhdm nghien cira da lam ro vai trd va cac chien lupc, dau tu cho giao dye ciia cac h^ gia dinh khu vuc ndng thdn ddi vdi cac ca nhan bdi canh chuyen ddi kinh - te xa hdi d nude ta hien thdng qua viec tra ldi mdt lo^t cau hdi: Cd hay khdng cac chien luge, ke hoach da dugc xac dinh ciia cac hg gia dinh ddi vdi vi^c hoc tap cua cai? Cac chien luge, sy dau tu cho giao due cua cac vien/con cai cd thich ung vdi nhu cau chuyen ddi ca cau kinh te - xa hgi d khu vuc ndng thdn hien hay khdng? Cd hay khong sy khac biet ve each tiep c?in ^ao dye, dau tu cho giao due cua cac hd gia dinh T T.T Hd N TT Tung / Tgp chi Khoa hQc DHQGHN- Nghien cuu Gido due Tap 30 So (2014) 22-30 qua cac bien sd nhu viing miln, van hda, trinh dp nhSn thiic, hgc van, quy md va kilu lorn gia dinh, dilu kien kinh ll? Giio dye cua cac hd gia dinh d nhiing miic khac cd anh hudng den hieu qua (kinh tl, xS hdi) mang lai tir giao due hay khdng? Hien xu hudng "ung xii" ciia cac hg gia dinh vdi vi?c hgc tap ciia cai/cac vien nhu thi nao Mdi quan he giua lya chpn tiep can giao dye ciia hp gia dinh vdi thuc trang giao due ciia nien ndng thon la mgt phin kit qua nghien ciru cua nhdm Quan diem tiep c^n v^ phurong phip nghiSn ciiu Nghien ciiu dugc thuc hien tren quan diem tilp cgn lien nganh ciia Giio due hpc, Kinh tl hpc, Xa hgi hgc, Tim li hgc, NhSn khau hpc - Tiep c§n Kinh tl hoc: tim hilu mdi quan he giiia trinh dp giio dye vdi thu nhap ciia ho gia dinh, xem xet viec dau tu cho giio dye ciia hO gia dinh cho cic viSn nhu la mgt hinh thuc dau tu kinh te; tim hieu ve cac chi phi cho giio dye: loai chi phi, muc chi phi, kha ning chi tra, cic ngudn ho trg, v.v - Tilp can Xa hoi hpc: tim hieu nhiing khd khin tiep can cac ngudn lyc, tiep cgn giio dye ciia hd gia dinh d ndng thdn; li giai cac nguy6n nhan vl diu tu giio dye; sy bit binh ding giiia cac nhdm miic song, dieu kien gia dinh tiep can giio due; li giai vai trd cua gia dinh viec giio dye cac vien, cac ylu Id truyin thdng cua gia dinh, ddng hg va dja phuang din viec cac chien luge diu tu cho hgc tip; gia dinh la mpt thilt che xa hgi ddng vai trd kiln tao vdn nhan luc cho phit triln kinh tl xa hdi Tiep can Giao dpc hpc: xem xet ning hgc tap, kit qua giao dye mdi quan he vdi dac dilm va sy quan tam cua gia dinh - Tiep cgn Tam li hpc: xem xet cic nhu ciu/ mong mudn hgc tap cua cac ca nhan/thanh vien ciia hd gia dinh; nhu ciu nang cao vi the xa hgi lien quan den trinh giio due - Tiep cgn Nhan kh^u hgc: nham tim hieu sy khic biet vl chiln luge diu tu cho giao due giiia cic loai hinh hg gia dinh (sd Iugng nhan khau, gidi tinh, dan tgc, tdn giao, sd cii ) Hp gia dinh dugc nhdm nghien cuu coi la ddi tugng nghien ciiu da dang va phiic tgp vl cac mat van hda, giao dye, tam li va nhan khau hgc Vi thi, phuang phap nghien euu dugc lya chpn la su kit hgp giiia nghien ciiu dinh tinh va nghien ciru dinh lugng, nhim giam thieu cic ban che ciia timg phuong phip, ddng thdi nang cao hieu qui phit hien van de va thu th^p thdng tin Cac phuang phip dugc nhdm nghien ciiu sii dung bao gdm: - Phirong phap hoi cihi tir li£u: nghien ciru cic tai lieu san cd lien quan den chii dS nghien ciiu irong va ngoai nude, cic chinh saeh, vin ban ve giio dye vi dao tao va chuyen ddi kinh te xi hpi d ndng thdn de cgp dSn giio dye va vai trd ciia cac hd gia dinh - Phmmg phip nghien cuu dfoh lugng: sir dyng cic bing hdi dugc soan sin danh cho cac ddi tugng la ngudi dai dien ciia hp gia dinh Phucmg phip nghien ciiu nhim danh gii, tim hieu vai trd ciia cac hg gia dinh the hi?n d cac ke hoach, chien luge, nang va miic dau tu, quan tam cho giio due cua cac vien: hinh thiic, phuong thiic, thii do, cic hanh dgng, ngudn luc, v.v Mau khao sal dugc chgn theo phuang phap ngau nhien cd he thong, lay hg gia dinh li dan vi nghien ciiu, khao sit Cic linh dugc lua chgn dai dien cho cac viing kinh te - xa hdi tren ci nude - Phuong phap nghien cihi dinh tinh: tien hanh cac phdng van sau, thao luan nhom nhim tham van cic nhi quin li giao dye, quan li dia phuang va tim hieu ngudi dan ve vai trd cua cac hO gia dinh tao dieu kien tiep cgn, thuc hien cic chien luge, ke hogch giio due cho cic vien Phuang phap nhim tim kiem cac nguyen nhan, y nghia ciia cac chien T T T Hd N T T Titng / Tgp chi Klioa hoc DHQGHN Nghie u Gido due Tap 30 So (2014) 22-30 luge ^ao due d cap hg gia dinh thuc hien vdi cac vien ciia minh nhim tra ldi cac cau hdi nhu: Cd hay khdng cac chien luge dau tu giao due, tai sao? Cha me dau tu, quan tam cho cai nhu thi nao? The hien d cac ke hoach, chien luge nao? Tai sao? Dau la nhiing yeu td anh hudng den cac viec thuc hien vai trd ciia cic hg gia dinh ddi vdi viec tiep can va ca hgi giao due ciia cai cimg nhu thyc hien cic chien luge dau tu, quan tam, v.v Nghien ciiu dugc thuc hien tai 05 tinh, bao gdm: VTnh Phuc, Thai Binh, Quang Ngai, Tp.HCM va Can Tho CJ moi tinh, chgn 01 huyen, tai moi huyen, 02 xa va 03 tnrdng dugc lya chgn kliao sat Tdng cpng, 450 phy huynh hpc sinh va 450 hgc sinh da dugc khao sat bing bing hdi soan san 45 can bg quan li cap phdng (phdng giio dye), 75 can bd quan li cap so (sd giao dye va dao tao), 105 phy huynh hpc sinh, 105 hgc sinh, 45 dai dien ban giim hi^u va 105 dai dien lanh dao xi di tham gia cic cugc phdng van va tga dam Dudi day la mdt sd ket qua nghien cihi dugc chilt xuit tir kit qua khio sit, ban sau hon ve mdi quan he giira lya chgn liep can giao due cua hp gia dinh vdi thyc trang giao due cua nien ndng thdn Moi quan he giua lua chpn tilp can giao due cua h6 gia dinh vdi thuc trang giao due cua nien ndng thon cao ding Ti le nien chua biet dgc, bilt viet cdn kha cao Theo sd Heu thdng k6 ciia Tdng cue thdng ke, nam 2010, sd lao ddng nien (15-35 tudi) mil chu la 150.000 ngudi, 90% la nien ndng thon miln niii, vung sau, vung xa Ti le frong nam 2011 la 87% va h-ong nam 2012 la 85% [5] Tinh trgng giio due ciia nien ndng thdn trd nen rd net ban dat sy so sanh vdi nien dd thi, thi hien d sy cich biet r6 rang vl trinh hgc vin Trinh hgc vin cua nien ndng thdn thip hon nhieu so vdi nien dd thi iiia tudi cang cao thi su chenh lech cang Idn Theo sd lieu nam 2011, s6 lao dgng chua tdt nghiep tieu hgc d nong thon nhilu gap ddi d dd thi (18,11% so vdi 9,51%), Irong 37,96% lao dgng d dd thi tdt nghiep THPT thi d ndng thdn, sd chi cd 11,40% Sd lieu cua cic nam 2010 va 2012 ciing cho kit qua tucmg tu, cang ISn bac hgc cao, su each biet cang Idn Xet vl mat co hdi thi d ndng thdn, ca hgi hgc tap ciia Ihanh nien han che nhieu so vdi thi nhu dilu kien kinh tl, trudng ldp, mdi irudng xa hgi Do trinh dp dan tri, miic sdng va trinh phat triln kinh te cao hon nen da sd nien thj cd ging hgc het phd thdng dl cd the tilp tyc hgc cao Ien va tim kilm dugc viec lam on dinh Trong dd, ddi vdi nien ndng thdn, bl tac viec tim kiem viec lam phi ndng nghiep nen ciing khdng nhit thilt hgc hit phd thong vi xet den cimg ciing chi lam ndng nghiep Tinh trang lap lai tuang tu ITnh vuc 3.1 Tliuc trgng gido d\ic cua nien nong thon hgc nghl, nam 2010 cd din 89,90% lao ddng ndng thdn khdng cd chuyen mdn ki thuat, 3.1.1, Giao due chinh quy ti le nam 2011 va 2012 tuong iing la Theo chuang trinh giao dye phd thdng thi 86,7% va 83,5% Xet tren co sd nhu cau ciia nhimg ngudi din 15 tudi da co thi hgc hit nen kinh tl thi tinh trang tren khdng phai la THCS va den 18 tudi cd thi hpc xong THPT, ding lo ngai d ndng thdn, hoat ddng kinh le sau hg co thi hgc bac TCCN hoac hgc cao chii yeu la ndng nghiep quy md nhd va lao dpng ding, dai hgc ndng thon, hiu hit nien thii cdng la chii yeu Tuy nhien, xet tr6n quan chi hgc xong bac THCS, mpt sd hgc hit bgc diem phat trien thi vdi trinh dp nhu viy, THPT la rdi bd he thdng giio dye chinh quy nien ndng thdn khd co the nang cao dugc kha Cd it nien ndng thdn hgc len dai hpc hay nang ty tao viec lam phi ndng nghiep TT.T Hd V T T Titng / Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: - u Giao due, Tap 30 So (2014) 22-30 Bang I: Trinh dg hoc van eua nhan khiu tir dii 15 tudi trd Ien dang boat ddng kinh ll thudng xuyen Nam 2010 Nam 2011 Nam 2012 Thanh thi Ndng thon Thanh thi Ndng thdn Thanh thi Ndng thdn 1,28 5,43 1,07 4,35 0,91 3,87 Trinh hoc van Khong bilt chiJ Chua tdt nghiep tiiu hoc Tot nghiep tieu lioc 25,22 31,72 23,53 31,99 30,78 32,6 Tot ngliiep THCS 29,84 34.01 27,93 34,15 35J 29,9 Tot ngliiep THPT 33,36 9.24 37,96 11,4 24,1 19,5 Ngudn: Sd li?u thdng ke Lao ddng - Vi?c lam d Viet Nam Bp Lao ddng - Thirong binh va Xa hgi, cac nam 2010,2011 va 2012 [2] Tham khao cic kel qui nghien cihi cho thay sd dT nien ndng thdn khdng thi vio cic trudng day nghe, trudng trung hgc chuyen nghiep la vi: lan ve truong ldp, ca sd vat chat, chit lugng giio vien, dieu kien giang day va hgc tgp Bang Co cau lao ddng ndng thdn chia theo trinh dg hpc van - Phin Ion cic trudng diu nim d dd thj, hoac gan dd thi - Cac nganh hpc hau hit deu hudng tdi phuc vy dd thj, it nganh hgc phyc vy san xuat ndng nghiep, hoac cic nganh thiet thyc vdi ddi sdng ndng thdn - Thdi gian hpc keo dai - Chi phi hgc cao - Khdng dim bao cd viec lam sau Idii ^t nghiep Giira cdc vung nong thon khdc ciing CO su cdch biet khd lan phdt trien gido due Ching han nam 2010, 16,05% lao dpng tren 15 tudi d ndng thdn ddng bang sdng Hdng da tdt nghiep THPT thi sd d nong thdn miln mii phfa Bic chi la 3,96% Trong 8,08% lao dgng nong thdn Ddng Nam Bg vi 16,12% lao dgng d Ddng bing sdng Ciru Long dugc dao tgo cdng nhan kT thugt thi d Tay Nguyen, sd niy la 3,57% Trong nam 2011 vi 2012, sy cich bi?t viing mien van chua CO nhilu cai thien Ngoii cdn sy khic biet rit Dong bang s6ng Hong Dong B3c Tay Bdc Bac Tmng bo Duyen hai Nam Tning b$ Tay Nguyen Dong Nam bo Dong bang song Cuu Long 2010 16,05 10,95 3,96 16,88 9,31 7,54 11,41 5,47 2011 19,3 15,6 9,7 18,1 12,0 13,4 18,1 11,8 2012 24,2 22,1 16,2 22,8 19,4 16,8 20,1 16,6 Vguon: So lieu thdng ke Lao ddng - Viec lam d Viet Nam Bg Lao ddng - Thuong binh va Xa hdi, cac nam 2010, 2011 va 2012 Ket qua phdng van sau va trao ddi vdi dgi dien chinh quyIn xi, dgi dien linh dgo cic phdng va sd giio dye va dao tgo, dgi dien nha h-udng va cha me hgc sinh diu cho thiy giao dye - dao tao d khu vyc ndng thon da dat dugc nhieu tyu quan trgng: - Trinh dan tri dugc ning cao TTT Hd N T T Tung / T^ chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Nghtei V Gido due Tap 30 So (2014) 22-30 - Quy md giio due tang nhanh - Cdng tic xa hdi hoa ^ i o dye dgt hieu qui cao Cac cap chinh quyen doin the quan tam hon den cdng tic giio dye - dao tgo Ti le tre dugc huy dpng den trudng tang nhanh thdng qua viec md rdng cic loai hinh giio due - dio tao Nhieu tnrong ngi tni cho ddng bao dan tgc dugc xay dung, tgo dieu kien cho em dan tdc den ldp, den trudng Ngudn lyc cho giao dye - dio tgo tang nhanh, udc tinb cic ngudn ngoai NSNN chiem 25% ngudn tii chinh ciia giao dye - dao tgo Trong cac tang ldp nhan dan dang cd phong trao hgc tip rdng rai nhat la tin hpc, ngoai ngu: Tuy nhien, ben cgnh nhimg tuu da dat dugc, giao due va dao tao d ndng thdn mgt sd van de: Giao due giira thi va ndng thdn cd mdt sy each biet dang ke; Ddi ngy giio vien vira thieu ve so lugng, vira yeu ve chat lugng; Tinh trgng tre em that hgc hoic bd hgc sdm ciing mdt phin bat ngudn tir su thieu hieu biet, hogc chua hieu bilt cua cha m? va cgng ddng ve vai trd ciia giao due; Cic ca sd dio tao d ndng thdn, dac biet mien niii viing sau vimg xa, nhieu nam khdng dugc dau ty diing vdi yeu ciu: irudng Idp igm bg, thiet bi thyc hanh it; Nhieu hgc sinh tdt nghiep bac hgc cao trudng khdng mudn ve ndng thdn cdng tic, khdng mudn tryc tiep tham gia lao ddng san xuat ma chi mudn thoat Ii khdi ndng thon; Nhu ciu dao tao, bdi dudng ciia dgi ngii lao dgng khoa hgc kT thuat va cdng nghe cho ndng thdn rat cao nhung cd nhieu khd khin ve dieu kien an, d, di lai, hgc tap; Ti le lao d^ng cd trinh chuyen mdn ki thugt va nghiep vu thip 3.1.2 Giao dye phi chinh quy Die tnmg d ndng thdn li su tdn tai cua ^ao dye phi chinh qi^ va chinh h? thdng tao nen cac dac trung ciia giao due vi dao tgo d nong thdn 3.1.2.1 Day nghl truyen thdng Day nghe truyen thdng la hinh thiic dgy nghe, truyen nghl dugc td chiic tai cac gia dinh hogc cac co sd cd nghe tieu thii cdng n^i^p truyen thdng Hinh thiic dac biet phat biln d nhiing viing ndng thon cd nghe, tgi cac lii^ nghl Chinh vi die trung ma day nghl truyen thdng chi thu hut luc lugng lao dgng nien tai chd hoic cac viing lan can, rat it thaidi nien di hgc nghe d noi xa viec mang mgt nghe mdi ve ling khdng phai viec dl dang Tai cic ca sd day nghe, nien ndng thdn dugc truyin day tiing ky nang cu the cua nghl Thdi gian hgc phy thudc vao kha ning thgo viec ciia timg ngudi va yeu ciu ciia timg nganh nghl Phin Idn trudng hgp, sau thdi gian hpc viec va thii viec, ngudi hgc d Igi lam cho cic co sd san xuat Mdt sd it trd ve gia dinh md co sd sin xuat ddc lap Thanh nidn cd lgi the nang ddng, kheo leo vi cd siic khoe nen thuang de ding tilp cgn dich vy Phan Idn thinh vien ciia ca sd san xuit la nien cd nhimg nginh nghe ddi hdi kT thuat cao, dep, hap dan nhu son mii khim trai, dSt, thi 100% lao dgng la nien Tuy nhien, dich vu day nghe co nhieu diem hgn che: - Cac kien thiic dugc truyen thu khdng cd he thdng, ngudi hgc khdng co hieu biet loan dien ve nghe (ddi la chii nghl mudn giii bi quylt) nen ddi mat vdi mdt hien tugng mdi phit sinh, hg rat liing tiing va thudng khdng tim dugc cich xii li thich hgp Cung chinh vi hieu biet rdi rac ve nghe mi nhieu mudn ip dung tien bd KHKT hay cai tien cdng nghe diu khdng thuc hien dugc - Thdi gian hgc thudng lau va cd thinh nghl hay khdng lai phu thudc nhieu vao kha ning ciia timg ngudi nen nhieu nien ndng thdn ngan ngai khdng mudn thu siic - Nhiing ngudi truyen nghe thudng giii kin cac thong tin ve thi trudi^ tieu thu san phim ciing nhu cac dich vu diu vao (mua nguyen vat lieu, xay dung ca sd san xuat, ); Trong nhieu trudng hgp ban than ngudi truyin nghe ciing khong cd nhieu thdng tin vl thj truong sin T T- T- Hd S T T Tung I Tgp chi Kliog hpc DHQGHN: Nghien dm Gido due, Tap 30, So (2014) 22-30 pham Chinh vi the nien ndng thdn rit khd khin viec tao dyng ca so sin xuit ddc lap va phit triln nghl sau cd nghl 3.1.2.2 Cic khoa day nghl ngin ban Thanh ni6n ndng thdn cd co hgi tham gia cac khoa day nghl ngan ban td chiic tai dia phuong Cic khoi hpc thudng Ii mgt cac hogt ddng hd trg ihanh nien ciia Chinh phii, ciia ca nhan vi cac td chiic qudc tl; ciia cic trung tam dgy nghl va ca sd dao tgo, ciia cic khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh tl dugc dit tai dja phuang Hinh thtrc dao tgo thudng di kem vdi viec td chiic mdt co sd sin xuit lgi chd, vira de dgy nghe cho nien, vira sii dung ngudn lao dgng nien vao hogt ddng san xuit De tham gia khoa hgc va dugc nhan vao lam viec, nien phai nop mdt khoan le phi ban dau va ddi vdi mgt sd nginh nghS, nien ddi hdi phai cd mdt trinh dg hgc van nhat dinh Cac khoi hpc thuc chit la su hd trg hai ben cimg cd Igi Thanh nien ndng thdn thi cd nghe, cd thu nhap, cdn ngudi td chiic thi thu lgi rdiuan tir viec tiSu thy sin pham Tuy nhien, khdng phai nien ndng thdn nao ciing dii kha nSng ngp khoan 1? phi ban diu va trinh d^ hgc van theo yeu ciu Md hinh Idp day nghl luu ddng dang md rgng d nhieu viing ndng thon, Cic co sd dao tao, cac trung tim xuc tien vi?c lam den tin thon - x3 td chirc Idp hgc cho nien ndng thon vi thu mgt phan hgc phi, phin cdn lai Nha nude hd trg Md hinh dap iing yeu cau hpc nghl ciia nien ciia timg dia phuang, giup hp cd till phit triln kinh te tren dia phuang minh, khai thac dugc nhiing dilm mgnh ciia dja phuang Vi IS dd, cac khoa hgc dang cing dugc nhan rgng, nhit la d cic tinh phia Nam Tuy nhien, vdi nhiing viing ndng thdn ngheo, thi trudng kem phat triln, md hinh khd cd thi ip dyng dugc bdi niln khdng mudn va khdng cd tiln dl nop 11 phi Khi tdng kit cac khoi dao tao ngin ngay, nigt dilu cd the nhan thiy la nien ndng thdn thilu tinh ty giac, thieu long nhiet tinh hgc nghe Hp trdng chd nhilu vao sy hd trg tu ben ngoai ban li tham gia vi nhu cau bin than Mdt nguyen nhin dugc chi li nien cin su hd trg tiep tyc sau cac khoa dao tao Sy ho trg dd cd the la cich thiic td chiic sin xuit kinh nghiem quan li, thi trudng nguyen vat lilu va tiiu thy sin phim, Thieu su hd trg niy, nien cd nghe, bilt nghl nhung khdng dim triln khai thyc hi^n Kit qua la cd nghe ma khdng cd viec lam va thu nhip Cic cugc phdng van va khao sat cho thay dgy nghe truyen thdng thu hut nhilu lyc lugng lao ddng tre, song d nhiing lang xa khdng cd nghe tieu thii cdng nghiep thi nien sl rat khd khan hgc nghl va triln khai hogt ddng sin xuit sau cd nghe [6] Cic khoi dao tao ngan md rdng co hdi cho nien ndng thdn tiep can vdi vile lam ngoai ndng nghiep, trd cdng nhan - ndng nghiep, tiic li trd cdng nhan ciia cac co sd sin xuat, xi nghiep trin dia phuong minh Cic khoi dio tao ngin di ddng li hmh thiic djch vu mdi ddi vdi nien ndng thdn, ngudi td chiic klioa hgc da tim den vdi niln, td chiic cic khoi dio tao theo yeu ciu ciia niln nin khic phyc dugc tinh trang thilu thdng lin ciia nien ndng thdn va khai thic dugc diem manh phat triln kinh tl cda dia phuong Sau khoi hgc niln cd thi tu tao vi|c lam va thu nhgp tai que huang minh Thanh nien ndng thdn chua nang dpng viec tilp can cic khoi dao tgo nghl va chua tim cich md rgng ca hdi phat trien cho ban than 3.1.2.3 Trung tim hpc tap cgng ddng O cac tinh diu cd he thdng cic trung tim hgc tap cdng ddng Hgi khuyin hgc quan li Sau han mudi nam (tir 1999 - 2011), mang ludi trung tam hgc tip cdng ddng (HTCD) da phat triln rat manh me, vdi 10,428 trung tam, phii kin 93,87% sd xa/phudng/thi tran ci nude, vugt ban 13% so vdi muc lieu dat r T-T Ha \ T.T Tietg T^ cUKhoa hgc DHQGHS: S^ahi cum Giao di^ Tgp 30 So 0014} 22-3 :rong Dk aa 'Xi> dui^ sa hpi hoc l ^ giai doan 2005 2010" ban hanh theo QD sd i:;2C"05QD-TTg 18 2005 cus Tin fu^^ Chinh rhJ Nhieu Truog lam HTCD hoat datig r^ tich cue co hieu qua Diln cuoi nam 2013 ca DUOC CO kboaiK 11.000 mmg tam p^ii kin 989; xa {Auui^ trmg ca nude [3] Tbeo so lieu tbdi^ ke cua Bg GD&DT du nan - lAJen pboiK nao pbai t r i ^ kboi^ diu so mnK tam boat dgi^ cd cfaii luoi^ \i bieu qua chi diilm ti le rat thip khoing 10 - 30% Phin dong cac tmng tsn cdn ggp nhieu kbo khan, lui^ ttii^ boat dgng inang tiidi biiA thiic ken: chii IUDI^ \'a bieu qua Tai CJoi Tho tnn^ tam hpc tap cgng ddng £ bd tra lat tot tnng viec bin' d ^ ^ tre din inidt^ Trong bao cao idr^ kit boat dgng ctia Tnii^ t ^ bpc tap c n ^ d ^ ^ tren toan rinh nam 2013 Sd Giao due va E>ao tao tinh Cin Tbo i£ khing dinh cac Tr^ng tam ^ gdp phin tich cue \-ao cmg tac pb6 cap ^ao due Tieu bgc diii^ dp turn miic va pb6 cap giao due Tieu hpc dat 100%: hgc sinh tdt i^iiep Tmng hpc co so \'ao Trung hgc pbd tbdi^ dat tren S^"^ hoc sinh tdi r^hiep TniiK hoc pbd ttioag dai tren 96^o {]] Mac dii \i\ cac boat dgng giao due i ^ i l iKfaiep dao tao ki nang cho lao dgog (£ rdi r u o i ^ |rfid tbdi^ cua cac trung tam ia cor rat ban chi kho kl-:i_- wc can bg \"a kii^ phi O c i ; xa phudi^ co khu cdng nghiep tnn^ tam phoi hgp vdi cac khu coag i^faiep td chirc dao tao iKhe may diai co, tin hpc vi tnntg lam td chiic cac kboa hgc fi^ c ^ nam/ lop de bu kiln thuc cbo cac lao dgi^ cd dii diiu kien di lam :ai cac kr.- cons r-shieri Tai Vinh Phuc 100% xa, f^uui^ cd trung tam hgc tap cmig ddi^ [1) Ngoai viec bd tig rich