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TAM TRANG CUA THANH NIEN NONG THON VOI VAN DE VIEC LAM ThS Mai V§n H^i Viin Tdm ty hgc T6M TAT Viic ldm td mdt Irong nhOng vdn di cd ldm quan trgng hdng ddu Irong cudc sdng cua Ihanh niin; luy nhiin, ddi vdi ihanh niin ndng thdn, viic ldm lai chua mang Igi cho hg Idm trgng tich cue Kit qud nghiin cdu dd cho thdy, mdt ty li khd cao Ihanh niin ndng thdn cdn chua cd viic ldm NhOng ngudi dd cd viic ldm thi thu nhdp cdn thdp vd nhin chung cdn chua thoa man dugc cdc mong mudn, nguyen vgng vdi cdng viic cia hg Chinh vi thi, ty li khd cao cdc khdch the dugc hdi cd y dinh lim kii'm cdng viic khdc Tuy niin ndng thdn cdn gdp nhiiu khd khdn Irong qud trinh ldm viic, nhung hg vdn ddnh gid tich cue vi trien vgng cdng viic cua bdn thdn tuang lai Ttt khfla: Thanh niin; niin ndng thdn; viic tdm; tdm trgng Ngdy nhdn bdi: 11/5/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 20/9/2012 Dit vi'n de Thep Ttt didn tifl'ng Viflt, viflc lam la cflng viflc dupe giao cho lim va dttpc tri cflng DflT vdi nifln, viflc lim vi thu nhip li vin dd ed tim quan trpng hang diu trpng cu6c sdng cua hp bdi trfln co sd cd viflc lam, nifln mdi ed thd dim bap cufle sfl'ng cia bin thin vi gia dinh, khing djnh mflt each manh me gii tri va su ddng gdp cia bin thin ddi vdi xa hfli Chinh vi thfl', nghifln cttu vd viflc lim cua nien ndi chung vi nifln nflng thfln ndi riflng li rit cin thidt dd dtta nhttng ehlnh sich hd trd nifln ed thd taa lip dttpc cuac sdng, su nghiflp mflt cich dn djnh, vung chic Khich thd nghifln cttu dttpc lua chpn li 650 nifln nflng thfln dfl tudi ttt 16 dfl'n 30 tudi thuflc tinh Thii Binh, Hda Binh, Khinh Hda vi Tifln Giang Diy li cic tinh dai difln cha cic vttng midn Bic - Trung - Nam, ddng bing, trung du midn nui vi ven bidn Cic phucmg phip chinh duac s i dung trang nghifln cttu la: didu tra bing bang hai vdi nifln nflng thfln, phdng vSn siu vdi cic can be tren dia 70 TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 bin nghifln cttu, fim hidu cic tii liflu lifln quan nhim khai thic thflng tin phuc vu kdt qui nghifln cttu Chung tai che ring, tim trang cia nifln nflng thfln vdi viflc lim li mat dang tim trang xa hai, phin anh trang thii cim xttc cia nifln nflng than vdi viflc lim cua hp vi ed lifln quan dfl'n nhu ciu, di5ng co cia bp cflng viflc Ttt quan didm dd, bii vidt tip trung lim ro tim trang cia nien nflng than vdi viflc lim d cic nfli dung sau: Thuc trang viflc lim vi thu nhip cia nifln nflng thfln; mang mudn, nguyen vpng cia nien nflng thfln vdi cflng viflc cia minh vi su dip ttng cua cflng viflc dang lim vdi mang mudn da; su hai ldng cua nifln nflng thfln vdi cflng viflc; nhttng rui rp, cing thing trang qui trinh lam viflc; danh gii cia nifln nflng thfln vdi tridn vpng cflng viflc trang thdi gian tdi Kfl't qua nghifln cutu - Tinh trang viec ldm vd thu nhgp cua niin ndng thdn Tinh trang viflc lam cia nifln nflng thfln li nfli dung diu tifln chttng tai quan tim tim hidu vi cho kflT qua nhu sau: sd 633 nifln nflng thfln tri Idi ciu hdi vd tinh trang viflc lam ngoai trtt 39,2% sd khich thd dang hpc tip, hiDC nghd, chi cd 25% nifln nflng than tham gia dd tai ed viflc lam dn dinh; dd, ty le nien nOng than chua cd viflc lim dn djnh (lam theo thdi vu, Itte ed viflc Itte khflng cd, thufl thi lim ) vi chtta ed viflc lim chidm tdi 35,8% E Dang S\ hoc n Khong co viec lam on dinh Q Da co Mec !am on dinh n Chi^a cfl viec lim Bieu dS 1: Tinh trgng viic ldm cua niin ndng thdn hiin TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 71 Thuc td tren chi viec lim cha nifln nflng than dang li met nhttng vi'n dd btte thiflT Trong bit ctt xa hfli nio, nifln vdi nhttng thfl manh nhu ed stte khde ddi dio, tri tufl vi ning sing tao cap, giiu kbit vpng, hpii bap lufln li lire luiJng tifln phong xiy dung, phit tridn dit nttdc Vi thfl', mflt sd lupng Idn nifln n6ng then chtta cd viflc lim 6n djnh hoic thit nghiep mflt mit cho thi'y su lang phi vd nhin lire, stte lao dOng xa hoi, mil khac cdn ed thd tidm in nhidu nhttng bit cip, tfl nan xa hOi khic Trfln CP sd nhttng khich thd da cd viflc lim (dn djnh hpic chua dn djnh), chung tai tim hidu vd thu nhip cua be Bdng 1: Thu nhdp cua ihanh niin ndng thdn hien STT Mttc thu nhip Dudi triflu ddng Ttt - Iridu Ttt - trieu Ttt - trieu Ttt - trieu Tren trieu Tdng Sdlupng 117 147 64 32 371 Phin trim 31,5 39,6 17,3 8,6 2,2 0,8 100 Bang sd lieu tren phan anh thu nhip cua nien nang thfln nhin chung cdn rit thi'p Hai mttc thu nhip cd ty IS nifln nflng thfln lira chpn cao nhit la ttt - trieu ddng/tbing vi dudi trieu ddng/thing ehifl'm tdi 71,1% tdng sd nifln tham gia khao sat Vdi didu kifln sfl'ng va gia ca sinh heat lee thang nhu hifln nay, mttc thu nhip tren khd cd thd dip ttng dupe nhu ciu cufle sfl'ng cia nifln Thanh nifln ndi chung va nifln nflng thfln ndi riflng thudng chua taa lip dupe nhttng ndn tang cin thiflT cufle sfl'ng nhu vin phai di thufl nhi, diu tu cho viflc hpc tip cia ban thin, nufli eon nhd, tham gia cic heat dang giao luu, giai tri Tit ci nhttng yflu ciu ddu trflng chd vie ngudn thu nhip It di nhu da ndi d trfln thi khd cd thd d i dam bao cho cudc sdng cia hp chtta kd tdi cic trttdng hijp dm dau, gittp dd cha me gia Tra Idi ciu hdi vd mttc thu nhip cia nifln trfln dia ban, mflt can bfl da cho biet: "Hiin nay, mUc thu nhgp ciia Ihanh niin cdn rd't Ihd'p, ke cd cdc em dang ldm ndng nghiip Igi dig phuong hay di ldm cdng nhdn Irong cdc khu cdng nghiip Ihi mtic thu nhgp cung chi tii I trieu di'n han trieu ddnglthdng Ddy Id mtic thu chi du nudi sd'ng bdn than (B.V.D, Phd bi thu Dang uy xa I^ng Khanh, huyfln Cai Liy, tinh Tidn Giang) 72 TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 Cung chinh ttt thuc trang cflng viflc va thu nhip nhu trfln mi cd tdi 61,4% nifln nflng then da va dang di lim cho biflT, mttc thu nhip cia hp khflng du cho cuOc sdng ban thin; dd, ty Ifl nifln cho bidt thu nhip cia hp d mttc thoai mii va du dit chi ehifl'm 4,8% - Mong mudn cua niin ndng thdn vdi cdng viic vd sit dap Ung cua cdng viec hiin tai Bdng 2: Mong mud'n lua chgn vd sil ddp Ong ciia cdng viic hiin Igi TT Nguydn vong DTB Xdp hang Su dip limg DTB Xep hang Khdng cdng thdng, dp luc 2,53 2,36 2,21 Ndi dung Cdng vide cd thu nhdp cao On dinh, Idu ddi 2,78 Duoc moi ngudi ddnh gid cao Cd nhidu didu kien phdt huy ndng luc ban thdn Cd nhidu co hdi thdng tid'n Cflng vide thu vi, ha'p din 2,17 10 11 Cd nhidu cd hdi hpc hdi, tich IQy kinh nghidm Mdi tnrdng lam vide vui ve, thdn thidn Cdng vide giup dd duoc nhidu ngudi Dd tim vide lam 2,65 2,31 2,29 2,77 2,53 2,55 2,32 11 10 1,82 2,33 1,89 2,17 1,81 2,00 2,47 2,51 2,17 2,19 10 11 Ghi chu: DTB duac linh theo mUc dd; dd: Khdng dung, Diing mdt phdn vd Rat dung Bang sd Ueu trfln chp thiy, sir chflnh ISnh rp net didm trung binh (DTB) hai npi dung tieu chi lua chpn cflng viflc va su dip ttng cua cflng viflc nifln nflng then dang lim Neu nhu d cic tiflu chi lua chpn cflng viec, DTB cia cic npi dung deu tUPng ddi cap va hiu hdt nim trpng khping danh gii "rit dung" (ttt 2,35 - 3,00) thi d phin sir dip ttng cia cflng viflc bien tai vdi mpug mufl'n, dpng co lim viflc cua nifln nflng tbfln, DTB cic nfli dung deu tupng ddi thip va hiu hdt nim trpng khoang danh gii (ttt 1,68 - 2,34) Mat khic, d tit c i cac tieu chi dtta ra, DTB mong mufl'n vdi viflc lim cia nifln nflng then ddu cao hem su dip ttng ttt cOng viflc cia hp Didu dd chp thiy, cflng viflc hifln tai cua nifln nflng than vin chua thile su dip ttng dttpc nhu ciu cia hp Cd the ndi, nien li nhttng ngttdi ludn ed mang mudn dupe mpi TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 73 ngudi tan trpng, thtta nhin, luan mudn ed cp hfli dupe thd hien ning luc cia bin thin, trang kflT qua nghifln cttu da cha thiy, nhttng mang mudn dd cdn chtta dupe dap ttng It nhiT li trang khia canh cang viec cia hp Phii ching didu niy din ddn viflc nifln ndi chung vi nifln nfln then ndi riflng thudng cd met sd bidu hifln nhtt thich dupe tham gia dua xe, cd nhttng binh vi phi phieb, Iflch lac dd dupe thi'y minh manh me, cd bin ITnh? Ro ring, viflc dtta ket luin trttdng hpp niy lit v6i ving, bdi cin ed nhttng nghifln cim mflt each diy d i hem Tuy nhifln, kST qua dd chp thiy, viflc dip ttng mong mufl'n cia nifln, tao cho bp co hfli dttpc cdng bidn kha ning cua bin thin li didu rit cin thidt - Cdm xdc ciia niin ndng thdn qud trinh ldm viic Kdt qua nghifln cuu cha thi'y, cd 65,8% nifln nong then dttpc hdi cd y djnh tim kifl'm met cflng viflc khac Httng thtt cflng viflc cung nhu su yen tim, bii long vdi vdi cflng viflc li mflt nhttng yfl'u td quan trpng bic nhit qua trinh lim viflc, bdi nd li dflng luc thttc diy ngudi lap d6ng lim vice, mang lai sir sing tao, biflu qua vi ning suit lap dOng cao cflng nhu tich cue ren luyen tri thttc, ky ning lien quan ddn nghd nghiep cia minh Ty le cao nien nOng then chua thirc sir yen lim gin bd liu dii vdi cOng viflc hifln tai cia minh che thi'y, thirc trang btte tranh ve nghd nghiflp viflc lam cia nifln nflng tbfln cdn nhidu bit cip, chua tao dupe dOng luc lam viflc, sang tao cho nien nflng then Bdng 3: Ly Ihanh nien ndng thdn cd y dinh lim kii'm cdng viec khdc STT So' iupmg Tyle 150 64,6 27 11.6 10 4,3 3,8 3,0 Vi cdng vide hidn tai qud vdt va, ndng nhpc, stte khde khdng dam bao 11 4,7 Mudn tim cdng viec tdt hdn 3,0 Mudn Idm thdm ngodi gid Vl ap luc cdng vide hidn tai qud cao, mdi quan hd cdng vide cdng thdng 3,4 1,2 Ly tim vide khac (%) 74 VI cdng vide hidn tai thu nhdp ihd'p, khdng dtt nudi sdng ban than vd gia dinh Cdng vide khdng dn dinh, mudn tlm cdng viec dn dinh Mudn phat huy hdt ndng lire, mudn tim cdng viec phd hop vdi ndng luc Mudn duoc tfch lOy thdm kinh nghidm, hoc hdi thdm Mud'n tim cdng viec minh ydu thfch, khdng thfch cdng vide hidn tai, cdng vide hidn lai nhdm chdn TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 Bang sd liflu trfln la su tdng hpp cua 232 S kidn cia cic khich thd nghifln cttu tra Idi ciu hdi md vd 1^ khidn hp mufl'n tim kidm cOng viflc khic Ttt bing trfln, cd thd thiy ly dttpc nien nflng thfln dua nhidu nhit de giai thich chp y dinh tlm kifl'm cflng viflc khic li vi thu nhip ttt cflng viflc hien tai cdn qui thip Trpng didu kifln kinh td gip nhidu khd khin, gii ci lee thang nhu hifln nay, vdi mttc thu nhip binh quin nhu da dd cip d phin trudc thi viflc lufln nflng then mong mufl'n tim kifl'm cflng viflc ed thu nhip cao hon cung la didu dd hidu Dudi diy li mflt sd ciu tra Idi tiflu bidu: - Vi hodn cdnh gia dinh vd mOc sd'ng xd hdi nin cdn lim viic ldm khdc dedii trang trdi cho gia dinh (nam nifln, xa Ninh Binh, Nuih Hda, Khinh Hda) - Vi nghi ndng vdi vd, thu nhgp khdng cao (nam nifln, xa Tin Phong, Cao Phong, Hda Bmh) - Vi miic luong khdng cao di ddm bdo cudc sd'ng sinh hoat gia dinh (ntt, xa Quynh Giao, Quynh Phu, Thai Binh) Thuc td trfln dat vi'n dd phai ning cap thu nhip ttt cflng viflc cia nien nflng tbfln gittp hp yfln tim gin bd liu dii vdi cflng viflc Tuy nhifln, de cd thd tun kifl'm mflt cflng viflc tflT, cd thu nhip cao ddi hdi ngudi lao dflng phai cd tay nghd, ky ning nghd nghiflp viing chic, dupe dio tao mflt cich bai ban, khoa hpc Diy la yflu ciu m i khflng nhidu nien nflng thfln ed thd dip ttng dupe - Nhiing khd khdn, rui ro niin ndng thdn gap phai qud trinh ldm viic Nhttng rui rp, cang thing trpng qui trinh lam viec la mot nhflng vin dd rit cin dupe quan tim tim hidu nhim mang lai tim trang tich cue ebo nifln nflng thfln qui trinh lam viec, giam thidu di ip luc thim chi li tai nan lap dflng cd thd xay Sd hflu thd hifln d bang chp thiy, nhttng anh hudng tim ly tieu cue ttt cflng viflc cia nifln nflng thfln ddu cd DTB tuang ddi thip, hiu hflT nim trang khping dinh gia 1,67 - 2,34 didm Tuy DTB cic rii ro ndi trfln khflng cae nhttng ro ring nbitag rii ro dd vin cd thd xuit hifln qui trinh lim viec cia nifln nflng tbfln vi diy la didu thuc su cin pbii khic phuc tdi da qua trinh lam viflc Vdi die thu cflng viflc chi yfl'u li lae dang phd thong nfln nifln nflng then phii nd luc cae ve mit thd luc, vi viy, bidu bien niy ed DTB cae nhit vdi 2,28 didm xep vj tri sd DTB thip nhit thuOc vd bieu hien de xiy cae tai nan ve lae dflng DTB 1,64 Ca the ndi, nhttng rui ro trang qui trinh lim viec la it xay nhung khang thd vi thd ma chi quan, khang dd phdng bdi die thtt lao dpng cia nien nOng than thudng lam nhttng cflng viflc nang nbpt; nhtt khuin vie, tho phu tai cic cflng trinh xiy dung ky ning nghd nghiep, chd de bao hidm nifln nflng thfln thttdng khflng dttpc dam bao TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 75 Bdng 4: Nhiing cdng thing, rui ro qud trinh ldm viic cua Ihanh niin ndng thdn Cdc bidu hidn DTB theo nhdm Tidu hpc TH PT THCS DTB chung Trung cdp CD, DH 1,97 1,93 2,02 2,00 2,36 2,04 2,14 2.28 1,93 1,97 2,00 1.96 1.91 1,79 1,58 1,76 1.80 1,56 1.69 1,72 1,43 1,21 1.64 1,93 1,96 1.39 1,50 2,06 1,90 1,77 1,96 2,00 1.81 1,53 1.59 1.82 1,92 2,12 1,97 1,95 2,06 1,92 1.97 Nam Not Cdng thdng tnei mdi vd tdm 1^ 2,00 2,02 2,08 Phdi nd luc rdt nhidu vd tlid lire 2,33 2,16 2,28 Ap luc cao vd thdi gian hodn thdnh 1,96 1,96 2,00 Didu Iclen Idm viec (dnh sdng, dp 6n .ikliOngtdt 1,81 1,77 Dd xdy tai nan lao dpng 1,67 Anh hirdng khpng tdt tdi stic khde 1,89 Cdc mdi quan he xd hpi bi thu hep It cd thdi gian cho gia dinh, nghi ngoi Ghi chi: DTB dugc tinh theo mOc dd; Irong dd: Khdng dung, Dung mdt phdn vd Rd't ding Trong qui trinh didu tra sd liflu tai dja ban nghifln cttu, chttng tfli cttng da khao sat tai mflt cO sd may mic tai xa An Ddng, Quynh Phu, TThai Binh Co sd may mac thu httt kbi dflng lao dflng ntt nifln nflng thfln, nhttng ngttdi tan tit hoac ed bean canh khd khin Didu dang ndi li nbitag ntt cflng nhin lim viflc tai co sd may xuit khiu vin cd nhitag ngudi khflng deo khiu trang bao bfl qui trinh lim viec, vtta lam vtta ndi chuyfln, pha trd rit dd din de'n nhttng tai nan qui trinh thao tic viSi may mde Kdt qua nghien cttu d tren mflt lin ntta chi nhimg nguy co tidm in ma nifln nflng then phai ddi mat trang qua trinh lao dOng cua minh vi thuc td tai cac cOng trinh xiy dung tai cic phd ldn, nhttng ngudi gip tai nan lao dOng nhtt dien giit, nga ttt de cao, bdng chay nd phin Idn rdi vao nhttng nifln ttt cic vttng qufl phd lam viflc tam thdi Phin tich nhu viy se thiy dupe su cin tbiflt phai cd cac chd dfl chinh sich he trp nifln nflng thfln qui trinh lam viflc nhu ddng bao hidm, die tao nhttng ky ning co ban che ngudi lao dflng ndi chung va nifln nflng then ndi riflng dd hp ee thd nhin thttc dttpc nhttng rii cd thd xay va cd S thttc bao vfl chi'nh minh So sinh nhdm khich thd thee gidi ti'nh va theo trinh dd hpc vin khang cd su khic biet Idn, nhung trpng mflt sd nai dung vin cd su khic biflt nhit djnh Cu thd vdi cae niSi dung phin thep gidi tinh, nhdm khich thd nam thudng lam cae cang viflc nang nhpc han nfln DTB cic nfli dung nd luc nhidu vd thd luc vi dd xay tai nan lap dOng cap hem sp vdi nhdm khich thd ntt 76 TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 _ Nhttng nai dung nhu nd luc nhidu vd stte khde, didu kien lim viec (dd an, anh sang,^ bui ) khOng tdt vi dfl xay tai nan lae dflng D'TB ed xu hudng giam xudng d cic nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n cao Thuc td cflng viflc cia nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n cap thudng It phai lao dflng true tifl'p hon nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n thi'p Vi thfl', nhttng vin dd nhu phai vin dung nhidu vd stte khde, xiy tai nan lae dflng, nhdm cd trinh dfl hpc vin cao cung ed It nguy co xay bon - Ddnh gid cua niin ndng thdn ve triin vgng cdng viec Bdng 5: Ddnh gid cia niin ndng thdn ve triin vgng cdng viic thdi gian 105 - W ndm tdi Cdc ndi dung DTB theo nhom Tidu hpc Trung THPT THCS cdp CD, DH DTB Chung Nam NCr Thu nhdp 2.80 2,86 2.78 2,82 2,91 2,84 Miic dp dn dinh 2.56 2.67 2,51 2,60 2,70 2,66 2.59 Co hdi lien than 2,53 271 2,46 2,60 2,70 2,71 2.58 2,82 Mpi trucmg lam viec 2.64 2,78 2,68 2,68 2,66 2,73 2,68 Dieu kien thie't bi phuc vu cdng viec 2,71 2,80 2,60 2,77 2,91 2,80 2,74 Ca hpi ndng cao trinh dp chuyen mdn 2,70 2,87 2,69 2,74 2,83 2,80 2,74 Ghi chu: DTB dugc tinh theo mice do; Irong dd: Kem hon, Khdng thay ddi vd Tdt hem Nhin chung, nifln nflng tbfln dinh gia kha tich cue vd tridn vpng cflng viflc cua bp thdi gian - 10 nim tdi: DTB cic phupng in cung lufln nim khoing danh gii ttt 2,35 - 3,00 diem Sd liflu cho thi'y, cii nhin lae quan ve cflng viec cia nien nflng thfln, the hien ro die diem tim ly lufln httdng tdi tttang lai, tridn vpng tupi sang cia ngudi trd tudi Trpng cic npi dung dtta ra, thu nhap li nOi dung dupe cac khich thd danh gii tich circ nhit vi co hpi thing tidn li nai dung ed didm dinh gii thip nhit vdi DTB tuang ung li 2,82 va 2,58 Dieu dd cd the xuit phat ttt cang viec cia nien nflng than chi ydu li trang linh vuc nang nghiep, lap dpng ttt nen hp httdng tdi mije dich thu nhip nhidu hen li dat dupe cac vj tri, thing tifln td chtte So sanh didm sd dinh gii vd tridn vpng cflng viSe cia cic nhdm, cd the thiy xu hudng ro ndt: trinh dO hpc vin cua cac khich thd cing cao thi sU danh gii cing tich cue Thttc te hifln nay, nhttng ngudi cd trinh dp hpc vin cae TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 77 tbi co boi tim kifl'm viflc lim, kbi ning thing tifl'n cung cae hon Vl thd, stt danh gii vd tridn vpng cflng viflc cua nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n cao thttdng tich cue bon nhdm ed trinh dfl hpc vin thip hdn Kdt luan Ttt kflT qui nghifln cttu trfln, cd thd thiy nifln nflng thfln vin chua thirc su yfln tim vdi cflng viflc cia minh Didu dd khflng chi thd hifln ty Ifl ngudi chua ed viec lim dn djnh vi thit nghiep cap, thu nhip thip m i ca nhung nifln da di lam tbi cflng viflc cflng chtta thirc sir dap ttng dupe su k^ vpng cia hp COng chinh vi thfl', da sfl khich thd nghifln cttu ed S djnh tim kidm cflng viflc khic dd lim nhim cii thifln thu nhip vi hudng tdi mdt cdng viflc dn djnh hem Du didm sd danh gii khflng thiic su cae nhung nhitag cing thing, ip luc ettng nhu nhttng rui re tidm in khic trpng qui trinh lim viflc vin xuit hifln qua trinh lim viec cia nien nflng thfln Tuy ed nhitag khd khin nhit dinh cflng viflc, chua thirc sir bii Idng vdi cflng viflc hien tai minh dang lim nhimg nien nflng tbfln vin thd hifln sir lac quan dinh gii vd tridn vpng cflng viflc tuong lai cia ban thin minh Diy li didm manh, la CO sd tflT dd cic chinh sich hfl trp nifln nflng thfln viflc lim dupe thuc hifln mflt cich hifiu qua KflT qua nghifln cttu tim trang cua nien nflng thfln vdi viflc lam cflng ddng thdi chi cin ed nhttng chinh sach hd trp hpn ntta chp nifln nflng thfln trpng qui trinh lip nghiflp, mOt mat tranh ling phi ngudn nhin luc trd cia dit nude, mit khic, ban chd dupe nhttng te nan xa bei xay tinh trang niSn thit nghiflp, thidu viflc lim Bfln canh dd, nien nflng thfln ettng rit cin cd cic chd dfl chinh sich hfln quan den dio tao nghd, ky ning lam viflc dd ban chd tflT da nhitag rii ro ed thd xay qui trinh lae dflng, gittp hp yfln tim gin bd liu dii vdi cflng viflc cua minh Tai lieu tham khao X.TOdiin Tiing Viil, NXB Da Ning, 2007 VQ Dung, TOdii'n Tdm ly hgc, NXB Ttt didn Bach khoa, 2008 Trin Hiep, Tdm ly hgc xa hdi, NhOng vdn de ly ludn, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hfli, 1997 Chu Manh Sinh, Xdy dung chiin luge Iruyen thdng qudc gig vi dinh hudng nghe nghiip, viic Idm cho nien Ban Thanh nifln cflng nhin va dfl thi Trang uong Doin, 2009 Bdo cao nghiin cOu ddnh gid tinh hinh niin 2010, Vifln Nghifln cttu Thanh nien, 2010 78 TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 ... nghe nghiip, viic Idm cho nien Ban Thanh nifln cflng nhin va dfl thi Trang uong Doin, 2009 Bdo cao nghiin cOu ddnh gid tinh hinh niin 2010, Vifln Nghifln cttu Thanh nien, 2010 78 TAP CHf TAM LY... thang nhu hifln nay, mttc thu nhip tren khd cd thd dip ttng dupe nhu ciu cufle sfl'ng cia nifln Thanh nifln ndi chung va nifln nflng thfln ndi riflng thudng chua taa lip dupe nhttng ndn tang cin
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