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b'i ^ji p L N G H I E N C O U - PHE BiNH Tir truyen nsin Viet Nam sau d^i mdi ve de tai dao 'diit xa iioi • • TS.BUiNHUHAi CHOi VHNT Quang Trj) T fl dat nudc budc vao sy ddi mdi toan dien, chflng ta da gat hai dupe nhflng thdnh tyu to Idn, ddng ghi nhgn Xd hpi ed nhflng thay ddi can bdn, vdi bao vdn de mdi me, day phflc tgp Ddi sdng chfnh trj vi thd khdng cdn Id ddi tupng phdn anh nhat cfla van hpe ndi ehung va truyen ngan dUdng dgi ndi rieng.Su ddi mdi dau tidn ed le b i t dau tfl viec md rpng phgm vi phdn anh hien thflc Tfl hign thyc ddi sdng chfl ydu dUdc gidi hgn ddi sdng chinh tri xa hdi, truyen ngan dUdng dgi da tim den mot hien thyc rdng Idn hdn cua ddi sdng nhdn sinh the sU, "vdl cac quan he vdn dT da doan da su, phflc tgp Chang chjt, dan det nen nhflng mgch ndi vk mgch ngdm cfla ddi sdng" (Nguyen Van Long) Bdy chinh la ndn tdng cho su md rdng dd tai cfla truyen ngan Viet Nam sau ddi mdi, dd, de tai dgo dflc xa hpi Id mdt nhflng dd tdi "ndng", dang Id mdnh dat mau md de eae cdy bflt truyen ngan hudng ddn, nhim truy tim,trong cd chd thj trudng dd Idm sinh nhflng hidn tUdng tieu cue, suy thodi dgo dfle, nhan each vd khdng ngdn nggi dUa vdo trang vidt nhflng hidn tupng tidu cue efla xd hdi, the hidn tinh dy bdo thdi ddi mdi Dd Id ngUdi ludn cdnh gide, tranh xa edi ac, cdi xau, cai phi dgo dfle va len an, phd phan nhflng hidn tUdng xdu xa, nhflng vide lam sai trai Thiet nghT, sy xudt hien dd tai dao dflc xa hdi truyen ngan Viet Nam sau doi mdi, trude hdt b i t ngudn tfl sU thflc nhgn efla nha van trUde nhflng vdn de ndng bdng nhat dang diln hang ngay, hang gid ddi sdng, tflng gia dinh vd bdn eua mdi ea nhdn SU hien hflu eua nd chfnh Id nhflng van de ngon ngang ddi sdng van hda xa hdi, kinh td, giao dye, vdi nhflng hidn tUdng tieu cue, tha hod nhdch nhdc, suy ddi dgo dflc, nhdn each, La "ky su tdm hdn", cdc cay bflt truydn ngin khong thd dflng dUng dflng ngoai cupe, da nam b i t mdt each nhanh nhay, tham nhap vao ddi sdng dgo dflc, nhan sinh sang tai tgo dgo dflc cho eon ngUdi, gdp phan thflc tinh lUdng tri, nang dd tam hdn, dua eon ngudi trd vd vdi sy hoan thien, hoan my vd nhdn each, dao dflc vd Idi sdng Day ehfnh Id ly cac nhd van nhgp cupe tfch cue de eho ddi hang logt truyen ngan xud't sac ve dd tdi nay, nhu Ngudi vai linh hdn efla Vu Bdo, Nhiing ngUdi thd xi ciia Nguyen Huy Thiep, H$u thien dudng, Dem diu dang cua Nguyen Thj Thu Hue, BUc tranh efla Nguydn Minh DIEN D A N VAN N G H E VIET NAM (242) -3/2015 ^r 33 i NGHIEN Cifu - PHE BINH Chdu, Kjeh cam cfla Phan Thj Vdng Anh, Mdn tii di, LQ hoang efla Hd Anh Thdi, Ki sit nhin lUdng thiin eua Lgi Vdn Long, Cae cdy bflt truydn ngin dUdng dgi nhu nhflng "ngudi Ifnh" xung trdn, dau tranh khdng khoan nhupng vdi nhflng td ngn dang diln ngdy cang nghidm trpng Nguyin Minh Chdu - "ngudi ddn dudng tdi anh vd tinh hoa" tidn phong, sac ben viec chdng Igi eai Ac, edi Xdu dang hidn hflu ddi sdng xd hdi Truydn ngin Cd lau, MOa trai cdc d mien Nam 66 edp ddn vdn dd tha hod, ngudi ignh cfla eon ngUdi trUdc ngudi thdn vd ddng logi Chfnh ddng tien, dia vj, danh vpng da len ldi va ehl phdi mpi mdi quan hd, khidn ngudi trd thdnh ngn nhdn cfla ehfnh nd Sfl tha hoa dgo dflc efla ngudi dang diln mpi Iflc, mpi ndi, lue thi xdm thUc gt, lue thi nhdm nhap ddn mdn Nd dupe vi nhu mdt thfl vi trflng dm tham, len Idi mdt cdch tinh vi vdo tflng eon ngudi, Idm thay d l l nhdn cdch efla mdi cd nhdn Vdi tu cdch ngudi cudc, Hd Anh Thai hieu "tflng ehan td kd tdc" thd gidi cdng ehflc gidi ngogi giao, hi vpng xuat ngogi dldy chieu dai qudc khanh, tgo ed hpi thSng quan tidn chflc (Phdng khich) Dang sau su phd phan ay, tae gid khdng khdi ddu ng eUdi mia mai, ehua chat va nhgn ring ehl vi mudn ed mdt xudt di ddn "nude chign bgi", d l rdi nhflng "kd chidn thing" da d^p gilm Idn nhau, edt gianh blng dupc cai phflt gidy thdi ehd may bay cat c^nti (San bay) Chfnh ldi sdng fch kl, nhd nhen, dd kj, d i n ddn sy ddc ae, tan nhan vide ddi xfl Idn Vdi cudc sdng nh^n nha, td nhgt vdn phdng khien hp 6i y, soi mdi, ghen ghdt, hdn thua vdi Hp ganh dua hdn kem mpt each kjeh li§t, oan thfl, bdi nhp, ham hgi nhflng kd ghen ghet minh, kdt cyc rdi vao bi kjeh {Chim anh chim em, Bdng ma tren hinh lang) Dim diu ding efla Nguyen Thj Thu Hu§ eflng dd edp ddn su tha hda cfla m$t s6 cdn bd ve nhan each, dgo dfle Lao thu trudng gia dflng d i u cua mdt cd quan nha nUdc phdi la ngudi gUdng mdu vd dao diJc, Idi sdng, trai Igi ehl vl ham mudn thdp h6n md lao thfl trudng gid dd trd thdnh mdt "con de gid" hdo sac, gid trd dot mgt vdi chfnh Hd Anh Thai sang tac hang logt truydn nhan vidn ndi phdng ldm viec cCia ngin phdn anh sy tha hda vd nhdn cdch, minh: "Budi sang Dflng Iflc ldo thfl trfldng dgo dflc cua mdt sd can bd cdng ehfle nhU gpi tdi vdo phdng de giflp lao hodn tdt b6 San bay Bong ma trin hinh lang, Phdng hd sd edng trinh Toi dang efli lorn khom khaeh, Chim anh chim em, Cde tae phim ben ban iao, thi rdt nhanh, didu luy^n nhii da tdi hien rdt chan thUe nhflng gde thao tae cfla nghe nhan lang gdm, lao tho khudt bdn efla sy hdo nhoang, Ijeh sfl tay vao vay tdi Tdi chi kjp ng6i diim cfla gidi tri thflc edng sd Hd Anh Thai dd Igi va ngd ngdi xudng ghd Vd eung nhanh phdi bdy Idi sdng thuc dyng, ham danh nhu elt, ldo chdm Idn, dd nghidn tdi xu6ng vpng, chgy theo vat ehdt cfla nhflng kd Tdi vay vflng Cy Igi mpt edeh quydt ll^l hanh tidn, vi thd hp ehen ehfle, lach Idn nhung khdng gdo len nhflng eau phSn nhdm ed Ipt eho dupe vao phdng khaeh khang thi cfla md ra" Chflng ta cdm th^y cua m0t vj quydn the de gianh ed hpi gap ghe tdm trUde hdnh ddng vd luan efla lao 34 DIEN DAN VAN NGHf VI^T NAM (242) - 3/2016 J NGHIEN CLfu - PHE B]NH thfl trudng gia ddi vdi cap dudi cfla minh Hidn chflng ta dang phdi ddi mat vdi nhflng nguy ed cua sU bang hoai cac gia trj chudn mye dao dflc tinh than truyen thdng, dd van de gay nhfle nhdi toan xa hdi luan ly dgo dflc la nguy cd tan efla gia dinh - cat te bao cau ndn xa hdi Nguyen Huy Thidp ddnh rieng han mdt loat truyen ngan viet ve vdn dd ndy nhu Tudng vd huu Nhdng ngUdi thd xe, Khong co vua, Ddi sdng gia dinh ndu dgt vao mpt bdi canh cy the, ehiu sy tae ddng da ehidu tfl xd hdi se dan den Idi sdng fch kl, budng thd theo tieng gpi dye vpng thdp hen Vd thyc td, ddng tien trd mdt lye vgn nang, thi khdng it ngUdi bat ehdp mpi nguydn tic, mpi ehuan myc dao dflc, ddu trd thdnh ke bat nhdn, bdt nghTa eung edt d l dgt dUpc tham vpng efla minh Chinh Idi sdng thye dyng, tham gidu ed ma ThuJ' (Tudng vS hUu) da Ignh Iflng, bat ehap lam mdt viee trai vdi chuan myc cfla dgo dfle truyen thdng dan tde Hanh ddng man rp cfla Thfly thd hidn qua cude ddi thogi gifla dng tudng - ngUdl eha vd dfla trai eua minh Qua chi tidt "cde mdu thai nhi", ngudi dpc thdt sy rflng rpn trude ldi sdng thye dyng Thuy da bat chap tat ed de dgt dupe tham vpng, thdm chf "an thjt ddng logi" cua minh Khdng nhflng the, chi vi tham ldi md Thfly cdn bat hieu vdi cd eha mp ben chdng, s i n sang edng khai quan diem efla minh dd'i vdi nhd ehdng: "Hp hdng nhd anh kinh bd me" Khdng ehl cd Thfly, dng Bong cung la mdt kd tang tan lUdng tdm, Ignh Iflng tfnh toan lo dam tang cho chj efla minh: "Mat me bd xa Idng Ai Igi di ddng quan tai bang gd ddi bao gid! Bao gid bde mp, cho chfl bd van".Con ngudi khae vdi ddng vat d cho ed phin nhdn tfnh, nhUng mdt nd bj danh mdt, thi eon ngUdi chi cdn la mpt dpng vdt blnh dang trudc ddng logi NgUdi dpe cdn xa xdt, ding hdn chflng kidn canh lao Kidn (Khong co vua) sdn sang bieu quydt xem nen de bd efla minh chdt hay tdn tgi trdn thd gian Tdn PhUdng Lan nhgn djnh rat chfnh xac, cho rang "trong the hd kd tidp hp (thd he sau hda binh - BNH nhan mgnh), du dUdc nudi dUSng, giao dye theo mpt cd chd day dfl va toan dien hdn thi each lap nghiep va each xfl sfl cfla hp cung hodn todn khde Hp lao vdo cdn Ide efla ndn kinh te thi trudng mdt each bao liet, nhung trd trdu thay, tfli hp ngng ddng tidn hdn thi trai tim hp dUdng nhu cflng ngudi Ignh hdn Sy thay ddi vd thang bleu gid trj eon ngUdi da iam thay ddi thang bieu vd hgnh phflc, tinh ydu"[1 tr.49] Ldi sdng budng tha, mat nhan tfnh edn la nguyen nhdn gay nen su tan cfla gia dinh Budng (NhUng ngUdi thd xe) id mpt ke tha hda ve nhan each, dgo dfle BUdng cd mpt mdi dm gia dinh nhd ddn sd, hgnh phflc De dam bao cupe sdng gia dinh, Budng ddnh xa vp, xa eon Idn Tdy Ble lam thud nghe thd xe eho gia dinh dng Thuyet Tgi ddy, BUdng khdng tu ehi idm an, trai lai ham chdi, ehl nghT each treu chpc, tim each ehiem dogt thdn thd Quy gdi lao Thuydt mdi mUdi bay tudi Ldi dyng be Quy hang ngdy dUa thflc an vao rflng eho nhflng ngUdi thp xe, Budng da gid trd ddi bai, thd bi vdi co be Dang hanh sU thi bj Ngpe phat hidn, ean thiep B i t qud tang nhung BUdng van khdng xau hd, hdi hdn, edn hdn nhien triet ly dd ngyy bien eho hdnh ddng thfl tfnh eua minh Qua nhflng D16N D A N VAN N G H E VIET NAM (242) -3/2015 35 NGHIEN CLfu - PH§ B I N H cinh ti/dng Sy, ngadi doc hllu duac nhan tinh, the thai trudc hien thiic diy bat 6n cua xa hpi trudc cdn suy thoai nhSn each, dao di3c, ni nep gia phong - cdi ngudn ciia din tdc Su tha hda dao dUc, nhan each co nguy cd loang bung l
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