DIJNPAN OU^lO ^ 31 ANH Hl/dNG CUA TON GIAO DEN Tl/ DUY CUA NGl/dl VIET VE MOI QUAN HE CON NGI/Qfj VA TlT NHIEN^*) • PGS, TS BO LAN HIEN Vi^n Nghien cuu ton gdo tin ngudng, Hgc vi^n Chinh tri q^gc ga Ho Chi Minh ho, Phit, Dao, Cdng giio li cic tfin giio lon theo cic ngi dufing khic du nhip vao Vilt Nam, tdn tpi nhilu the ky qua vi di ttd mfit thinh td vin hda, ben rl, in siu, cfi anh hudng den ldi sdng nip ngM ctia ngufii ^fllt Nam Giao ly cua cic tfin giio "giio hfia" ngiroi bing dpo due, huong hp din nhiing gii tri toan thien, hii hfiattongmdi quan hi Ngudi - Ngudi, Ngufii Gifii tg nhiln inh hudng siu rfing ttong tim hdn ngufii phuong Dfing nfii chung vi nguoi Vilt Nam noi rieng Chu thuylt dfi dupc ap dung ttong thuit chinh tri, ngoai gao Iiy nbu tiling cuong, Iiy nhugc thing cudng;ttongquan he xahdi: nip sdng cho phai Dao, dting D&c Idi sdng an nhien, tu tai, khfing vufing bin buittan,khong bon chen, vi k^, thi phi; ttong dngxd: v&i g&i tu nhien: tfin trgng quy luat ctia gifii tu nhiln, khdng chl ngu vi can thiep qua siu vio thiln nhien din den phi hdng su cin bing eua vu tru, ttdi dit vi vpn vat Song, Vd vi khdng cd nghla la khdng lam g ca theo cich hieu thfing thuong, mi chl khfing lam theo tu y, tu due va ttai vfii tg nhiln Dpo giio chti truong Vd vi (khdng tao tic, khfing lim g nhimg ching g khfing lim dupc) hay cfin gpi li Thien dao (tu nhien hinh dfing, khfing limttaivdi nhiing g Troi da sinh ra) Lf thuyet Vd vi ed dilm hpn chl li hoii c6, ylm thi, di ngupc lai vin minh, nhien nd lai cfi Nho giio (thdi Khdng Manh) quan niem ring giiia Trfii va Ngudi cd mdi quan hi tuong hd (Thiln nhan tuong du, thiln nhin cam ting, thiln nhin hpp nhit) nghia li cac hien tupng tg nhiln cfi anh hudng din dpo diie eon nguoi, ngupc lpi, dao due cua ngufii cflng ed tie N (*) Bai viSt la ket qua ngliien cuu thupc de tai "Anh huang ciia t6n giao dSn 16i s6ng nguai Viet va y nghia cua no vifc xiy dung Ifli s6ng mai hi?n nay", ma s6 12.3-2013.12, quy Nafosted tai tro LYLUAN CHfNH TRj-So9/2015 11^ DigNI Le hoi chiia Hucmg ndm 2015 dpng din hoin eanh tu nhien Cie giio 1^ ttong ngtrfiittdnln mpnh nhu hd, nhanh nhu ngga Nho giio chti truang giao due eon ngudi phai Do chinh li hda minh vdi thien nhien Song, tfin ttgng tg nhien, sdng hfia hpp voi thiln mudn che ngu thien nhien, ngudi phii bilt nhiln thi thiln nhien se eim ting eho mua hgp quan, vi sue mpt ngudi thi ylu, khdng du thuin gifi hfia, mua ming tdt tuoi, eon ngudi ehdng vdi van vit, nhtmg gdp sue cua mufin dugc no dti ngudi Iai thi rit manh Mi mudn hpp quin tlu Nho giio (thfii Tuin Tu) chti truong Thien phii ed 16 nghia, khdng cd IS nghla thi tat sinh nhan bit tirong quan Tuin Tti tin cd Trdi, loan, mi loan tlu ylu Xet cho ciing, pham trti nhung eho ring giiia Trdi vi Ngudi khfing efi Dao va Due ctia Nho giio khdng triiu tupng, mdi quan hi, viee tri lopn thinh hay bpi li cap sieu mi dupe thiu hda vio ngudi (Nho ngudi, khfing nlnttdngdgi oTrfii Theo dfi, cai hpc gpi dd la Nhin luin/Nhin dao) Thuylt Dao ctia ngudi la can phii chingu thien nhidn "Vfi vi" ctia Lao Tu dupc bd sung voi thuylt di nd phuc vu nhu ciu cua minh, eon ngtrdi "Hiiu vi" cua Nho giio (thdi Tuin Tu) ttong phai biet dung tii tri cua nunh dl lam cho quan hi gitia ngufii vdi gidi tu nhien (Trdi) mudn vat trd nen giau cd Nhd ehe ngu dupe Ly thuylt cua Phit giio thi cho ring, trdi dit nln nguoi xu mdi cd sin vit cua ngudi li mdttieuthiln, vu tru li mot dpi thiln, nhiing xu khie dl dung, ngudi d bien cd ciy do, eon ngudi mang nhirng die tinh eua vu ttIn nui, ngufii tten ntii cfi ca dudi biln, trg, nhung die tinh niy chi phdi su phat triln LV LUAN CHfNH TRI-S(»9/2015 JI nguoi Ca tiiu thidn vi dm thien diu bien ddi tuin hoin theo bdn vdng quay diu din: Smh, Tru, Di, Diet/Thanh, Tru, Hopi, Khdng/ Smh, Lao, Binh, Tu Con ngudi la vfl tru (dpi ihien) thu nho, dfi, mudn hilu dugc vu tru thien nhiln thi phai hieu dupc nguoi Mac du cic thuylt ctia Phit giio tip trung nhieu vao viec giang dpy vl eic phuong pbip giai thoit eon ngudi khdi cudc sfing nhin sinh, nhung ttong dfi an chua diy du nhiing quan diem vl mdi quan he tic dgng qua lpi gifla ngudi vi thd gidi ben ngoii (gidi tu nhien)frongly thuylt Nhin - Duydn Y nghia quan ttgng cua thuyet Mian - Duyenttongeich day cho eon nguoi ling xu tnrdc gidi tg nhiln the hiln d chd mpi hinh vi eua cpn ngufii deu gay cac hiu qua tat ylu vi trudc hay sau se quay ngugc lai tic dgng vao chinh chti the cua hinh vi ban dau Do dd,ttongung xd vfii thien nhien, ngufii cin chti ttgng din luit Nhan - Qua: khfing cd vit thi nio cfi thi tdn tai ddc lip mi chting phai nuong tga, phu thudc lan Vat niy ed nln vit khac cd, cii khfing thi eii cung Idifing vat sinh nen vit khic smh, mi cii diet thi cii cung diet Cac ly thuylt ctia Nho giao, Phit giio, Dpo giio vi ca Cfing giao diu cfi chung y tudng vl sg hfia hgp ctia cpn ngufii vfii tg nhiln, cd anh hudng va chi phdi den tu ngudi Viet Chu Thien, ehu Troi xuat hien phd biln ttong Idi suy nghi vi cieh ling xu cua ngudi Vilt vfii mdi trudng thien nhiln Pham tru Thien/Trdi tu ngudi Viet duge dung dl diln ti thigi&i thidn nhidn dang hiln hiiu quan he vfii eon ngufii, hien thi d ba y nghia sau: Mpf li, thi gdi thiln nhien vpt ly (miy, mua, sim, chdp ) Trong tgc ngii ca dao ctia ngufii Vilt cfi rat nhilu cau ca nfii len su ylu min, dl eao sg gan bd giira ngtrdi vfii thiln nhiln (ttfii, dat): Gifi thdi Ii ehdi ttdi; Nudc chay di mfin; Dd quit saeh li rung, dl ta khuyen gid, gid diing rung cay; Trdng ttdi, ttdng dit, ttong miy Hai la, nhin cich hfia dng Troi, than thinh hda dng Trdi, xem li mfit luc lupng thinh thiln, ehe chd, bao ve chting smh, trung phat ke ic va nudi dufing van vat, thi hien frong nMlu cau ca dao, tue ngO: Denfrdisoi xet; Ong Trdi cd mit; Xdi ldi Trdi gui cua cho, xo ro Troi Giio ly ctia Dire Giesu Kitfi dpy ring, Thiln eo ctia lai; On Trdi mua ning phai thi (thdi) Chiia sing tao vu trg va yeu thich "tie phim" Chinh vi viy, gidi tu nhiln (ttdi) cdn Ii bieu ctia nunh, giao phd tit ci thi gidi eho eon ngudi tugng thd cling cua nhilu loai hinh tin ngufing coi sfic vi ngudi phai lim cho nd tfit dep din gian ctia ngudi \^lt (Thin Sam, Chop, Miy, them lln Do dd, bdn phin eua mpi tin dd la MuattongT&phipr Vin, Vu, Loi, Diln) phai bao ve mdi trudng thien nhiln nhu bio ve Ba li, quan he Ngudi - Trdi dupc ning len vi chinh nhiii^ tang vit mi Chtia ban ting, nln khii quit hdattongtriit ly Tam fai ctia ngufii dung trufic mdt thi gioi mi ngufii sdng Viet (Thien - Dia - Nhin),ttongdd ngudi li d dang vudng phai nhirng vin nan ve mdi khiu trung gian ndi Trdi vdi Dat Troi - Ngudi trudng cbinh minh gay ra, mpi tm dd khdng Dit la ba ylu td co ban hgp thinh mdt vu tru thi thd o Thfing diep Gaudium et Spes ttongluin phd thdng cua ngudi Viet Dit di dfii voi Vatican n (1965) huan Ouyln ring Giao hfii nfii Troi ttong mdi tirong giao vdi Ngudi Nhilu chting vi giao hiiu nfiirilngphii "dung ttong" thinh ngiittongvin hda ngufii Viet da chi ro va lo iu cting nhiing iu lo cua toin nhin loai dieu dd, nhtr Dia Unh, Nhan kiet; Trdi tru dit LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-So9/2015 E l DliN DAN diet; Trach chang Tu Thiic vung suy, cfii tien khfing nghi tdi cfi frich nhilm tii tao thiln ehing d ve cbi cdi ttin nhiln cho ddi sau Nhu vpy, vfi hinh trung, di Thidn/Trdi li nhiing phpm trti gin gui thin tri$t tieu thien nhien vi buy hopi mdi trudng quenttongtriit ly nhan sinh vi vu tru luin ctia sdng ctia minh Ltic niy, nhiing chuin muc, ngudi Vilt Cic ly thuylt ctia Nho, Phit, Dpo, nguyen tie, dinh hudng vl quan hi Trdi - Ngudi Cfing giio ve moi quan hi eon ngudi vfii thien theo cich thiie mi cic tfin giio dua nhu; gioi nhiln dittangbi su nhpn thiic vl tg nhiln, bilt hpn tir^ truong,ttdve vdi tg nhien, khfing tao nim lay cii ban thi cdt Ifii ctia thien nhiln mi tic, cupc sdng khep kin, hai hda, tu dilu chinh, hinh dgng cho phti hgp vfii cudc sfing muu tdn ttpng vi bio vl sg toan ven ctia thiln smh ctia mmh Ngufii Viet di vin dung nhiing nhien, khdng cdn phu hpp nua Viec khfing tri thiic vl tu nhiln dl vugt len lam chti va tu phu hpp khfing phii cie If thuylt da tnrdc thiln nhien, dl bilt phai xiy nhi theo can kilt ning vin dgng mi nhirng hudng nao cd lpi cho siic khde, bilt tg dilu hda nghich lyttongsu phit trien cua xa hpi vdi su im duong, ii, d, hi, nOfrongeon ngudi tien hda ctia thien nhien: din sd ting lln, smh hge ctia minh dl gidng vdi tu nhien, hoa nhu eiu mim smh ting, nguoi ngiy mdt quyln vfii thien nhiln thinh mpt thi thdng thdng thii hon (khoa hpe - ky thuit phit triln), nhit khiln cho siic khde dupe ning lln Khi di din din trinh dd chinh phue vi eii tpo thiln thich ling vfii tu nhiln, chinh phuc, eai tao din nhien ctia eon ngufii ngiy mpt tinh vi va ngiy mpt mtic dp nhit dinh dfii vdi tu nhiln, ngudi cing lim tdn thuong din sg toin ven ctia thiln Viet trd nln kien cudng hon, tinh cieh Unh hopt nhiln, phi hopi va htiy diet thien nhiln mpt hon, ldi sdng ning ddng hon trufic nhiing bien cich nghiemttpng,nhanh ehdng hon Ngugc ddi eua thien nhien Tu tudng sdng hai hfia vdi lpi, neu cit giim nhu cau cua ngufii thi cung thien nhien giio ly ctia eie tfin giao da se giam, san xuit ngtmgtte,kinh tl suy thoai, anh hudng din ldi sdng hai hda, tfin ttpng tu nhieu ngudi thit nghiep, xa hfii bat dn, v.v nhien ctia ngudi Viet Bdi vay, nhan lopi ngiy ein phil tim Song, cflng chlnh bdi su gin bd, than thien, kiem va xiy dung mpt triet ly phit triln di den hda minh vdi thien nhiln, vdi datttdidin din mdt sg tdi tm la thgc hien ddng tiln hfia ca hinh ldi sfing 11 thufic,frongchd, dua vio Ngudi va Troi dl khic phuc nhiing han chl thiln nhien tm dii Khi thilu thdn, ngudi Vilt ttong viec ap dung cic ly thuyet eua tfin giao vl chi lo vao rung, xudng bien kiem, hmh mdi tuong quan Trdi - Ngudi, dl bio vl mfii tim ly "ttdi cho cdn hon Io lam", "trdi smh voi, trufing thien nhien, bao ve sg sdng cfin ctia ttdi sinh cd", coi tii nguyin thien nhiln xuit chlnh minh Ddi vdi mdi ca nhan ngudi Viit, hiln nhu luit Trci da dinh danh cho ngudi, khfing cu la tin dd tdn giio, cin y thtic siu sic dl eon ngudi cd quyln thu hudng nfi Uen tuc, ve van npn thilu ning lirpng vifinhilm mfii vfi hpn Chinh vi vay, ngtrdi Vilt da giin lupc sinh, gdp phin minh ttong giai quylt van dl hfia mgt eich thuc dung, thilu sg suy tinh ttong rdng dd bing su quan tim, chia se vi cd ttich vile khai thie tai nguyin thien nhiln, thilu tfin nhiem ttong vi^c bio vl mdi trufing thiln ttpng su toan ven, tuan hoin ctia thiln nhien, nhien;frichnhilmfrongmfit nen kmh tl nhin thieu y thticttongviec vua khai thic, viia du tiii bin vi dao dtic • LfLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 9/2015 ... chua diy du nhiing quan diem vl mdi quan he tic dgng qua lpi gifla ngudi vi thd gidi ben ngoii (gidi tu nhien)frongly thuylt Nhin - Duydn Y nghia quan ttgng cua thuyet Mian - Duyenttongeich day... bit tirong quan Tuin Tti tin cd Trdi, loan, mi loan tlu ylu Xet cho ciing, pham trti nhung eho ring giiia Trdi vi Ngudi khfing efi Dao va Due ctia Nho giio khdng triiu tupng, mdi quan hi, viee... muc, ngudi Vilt Cic ly thuylt ctia Nho, Phit, Dpo, nguyen tie, dinh hudng vl quan hi Trdi - Ngudi Cfing giio ve moi quan hi eon ngudi vfii thien theo cich thiie mi cic tfin giio dua nhu; gioi