CoDg bo - Gioi thiea tai Ueu lim t r v ANH HUVNG CUA PHONG TRAO CACH MANG OiN THAI Bd CHiNH TRI CUA TRI THUC NAM KY QUA MOT SO TAI UEU lUU TRU n030-1030] THS HUYNH BA LQC Khoa Ljch SCF, DH KHXH & NV, DHQG-HCM T ri thirc la mot lire lirgug rat nhay cam xa hoi Dirdi chi d^ thuoc dia or Nam Ky ho phSn hoa nhila nhom khac v€ nghi nghif p, hoat d9ng va thai d9 chinh trj Trong d6, nhom tri thuc di theo dircTng c^ch mang da gop phan to ldn vao cude dau tranh giai phong I^y nhiSn, nhimg hoat dpng tich circ cua minh, cung vol sue m^nh cua phong trao hg cung da tdc ddng d€n cac nhom tri thirc khac di cung gop sire dau tranh chong thnc dan Phap Su- tdc dfing dirgrc bpc I9 voi nhieu hinh thue khac nhau, tir eac moi quan he, den sv ung h6 phong trao \k hoait dong chung trSn mpt so m^t Boi canh lich su the gidi vd Met Nam (1930-1939) Nam 1929, tCr nuoc My mpt cu6c Dai khung hoang toan cau ve kinh te da bung no lam dao Ipn toan bp doi song kinh te chinh tri va trat ti^ the gioi Tai \^et Nam, Nam Ky la thupc dia cua Phap cung roi vao khung hoang, cac nganh kinh te nhanh chong roi vao trang thai dinh tre, nhieu nha tu san, chu dau tu pha san, ngucri lao dpng that nghiep Tren duong ph6, cac ngoi nha tnioc day von la co so kinh doanh, buon ban, bay gid nguoi ta nhin thay nhi^u tdm bang co dong chii "Dong Duong ngan hang", "Dia 6c ngan hang" hay "nha cho mucm" treo phia tnioc' Nam 1932, Sai Gon CO hon 3.000 nguoi ghi ten di an com quan thdt nghi?p^ Trong do, nhimg nguoi thit nghi?p a Phap da giri nhieu don xin vi$c din thupc dja tao nen sue ep cang Ion doi vdi nguoi tri thurc a Nam Ky V^ phia Chinh phu Phap, tii nam 1929 da thuc hi?n cdc chmh sach thupc dia theo ki^u hai mat de co gdng tri an ninh va dam bao quyen Ipi, sv cai tri cua chinh quyen thuc dan Phap thuc hien kiem soat va dpc quyen kinh te t^i thupc dia Ben canh la cac quy dinh siet ch^t chinh tri, thang tay dan dp cdc phong trao dau tranh, cam lap hpi, tang cuong kiem duyet ngon luan Nhimg chinh sach chinh tri nhu the xuat phdt tir noi so hai "cpng san" cua thuc dan Toan quyen Pasquier da c6 Cong dien s6 1614 05/6/1930 luu y cac Tinh truong v8 "hpa cpng sdn" va nhac nhd cac Tinh truong ' tdm quan trpng Id ddnh gid dung muc tai hpa sdu rpng vd tinh chdt nghiem trpng thuc su cua "chu nghia cpng sdn"^ Tuy nhien, nhimg nguy co cua Dai chidn the gidi, Phdp bupc phai thuc hien nhung chinh sdch noi rpng Dai khung hoang vdd nguy co ddn den chu nghia phdt xit va chien tranh tren toan the gioi cung tao nen mpt 51^ hoa hoan giua cdc nuoc chii nghia tu ban va Lien X6 Trong Viet Nam, thai ky nhieu tri thiic quan tam hon dSn cdc tang lop nhan dan va co nhung thay ddi v^ Van thu - Lun trur Viet Mam s^ 11/3015 Cong bo • Gioi thien tai Ueu lira trnquan di^m each mang Nam 1934 Phan Van ky niem dd hay cd viec quan trpng xay Hum viSt tren td Phu nu Tan van so 247, bai Cac co quan lanh dao dja phuang ciing diu Nghe nhut trinh cdm thdn; "ngdy trudc ngudi cd bao cua co quan minh nude cdn it nghe thdy, thdi nhut trinh Chu truang thii hai: Ddng Cpng sdn Dong cdn ddnh mdt cdi gipng "diu dat qudc ddn linDuong cd vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi tri thiic dudng van minh tdn bp" Lan lan phong trdo la quan diem ve luc lupng each mang Ngay ddn tdi, loi cu6n cd lop ddn anh xu6ng khoi tii Sdch lupc van tdt (1930), Ddng xac dinh: tuong dai ciia minh Lap ke theo, het rpi duoc "Ddng phdi hit site liin Igc vdi tieu tu sdn, van minh, hit soi dudng tdn bp, ma chi vua tri thirc, trung nong, Thanh Nien Tdn Vi^t theo cai due vpng cua qudc dan"'* Cung tu v.v di keo hp di vdo phe v6 sdn giai cdp"^ cudi nhiing nam 1920, Nguyen An Ninh bdt Cung tu nam 1930, Cdng dien sd 1614 dau chuyen sang mac trang phuc truyen thdng (05/6/1930) cua Toan quyen Ddng Duong gui cac hoat ddng Cdc tri thiic khdc ciing cdc xii cd xac dinh rang Dang Cpng sdn Ddng xich lai gan vd xich l^i gdn vdi nong dan Duong da "loi keo phdn ldn tdng lap tieu tu nhu Nguyin Van Tao, Ta Thu Thau, Phan sdn dung vephia to chirc cua Ddng chong Igi Van Hum, Nguyin Van Nguyen Van hpc chd nghia tu bdn"'^ ngh^ thuat, bao chi ciing tim thay d ndng thdn, Trong nhiing muc tieu dau tranh, Dang nong dan nhihig de tai nong hoi, tich cue Cdc to chiic chdng Phdp tim kiem vd thiet lap co Cdng san Ddng Duong ciing quan tdm din nhiing vai de dan chii nhu quyen tu ngon sd ciia minh long qudn chdng ludn, tu hdi hpp, nii quyen Cu the nhu vl vSn Ddng C$ng san Ddng Dmmg va dl nii quyen, hdu het cdc tmyen don cdch mang dirfnig t|p hgp tri thirc cua dang thdi ky 1930-1931 ve phu nir diu co Mpt sd chu truang ciia Ddng Cpng sdn ndi dung nhu: "1 Quyen ddn bd ngang ddn dng Dong Duong Phdn ddi cha me ep gd, Phdn ddi che Dang Cpng sdn Ddng Duong ddi, nhiiu va, Ddnh dd hd tuc khinh thi dan bd " tir dau da xac l^p nhiing quan diem each mang Bin cgnh do, hogt dpng dau tranh nghi truon tao dieu kifn titp hpp luc lupng qudn chung ciing duac quan tdm Chi thi cua Ddng Id: " nhan dan Nhirng npi dung dudi day tap trung luan la cupc tuyin cir gi, Ddng ta cd thi tham phdn tich mdt sd quan diem ciia td chiic gia duac la nin tham gia " (1937)" da tac dpng din dpi ngii tri thiic Nam Ky Nhd nhiing quan diem ddu tranh rpng mo Ve cong tac tuyen truyen Dang Cpng sdn nhu vgy, Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duong khong Ddng Duong khang dinh "cdc bdo ciia Ddng chi cd dnh hudng giai cap cdng nhSn, la nhitng ca quan liin Igc cug Ddng vdi qudnndng dan ma ddn dan, Ddng cdn cd siic lan chung lao khd"K Nam Ky cd cdc td bdo rpng dnh hudng dpi ngu tri thirc Phan nhu: Tiln Phong (L'Avant garde), Nhan dan Trpng Quan, mpt nhung ngudi tri thiic (Le peuple), Vipt Dan, Phd thdng, Lao Ddng, cpng san dau tien cua Nam Ky phdt bieu: "te« Mdi, Ddng Phuang, Dan chung^ Xii uy Nam tudi dudng loi euu nude, ciru ddn cita ddng Ky cung xuit ban td Tap chi Cpng sdn va dn da nhanh chdng chinh phi^c dupe trdi tim kho pham Ph6 thdng Cdng sdn Tung tho, bao Cd dc hdng tri4u ngudf*^^ Nha nghiSn ciiru do' va hang chuc quyin sdch nhd vao nhiing Nguyin Van Trung nh^n xet them: "Ddng Van thu - Lvn tru Vi^t Nam so 11/3015 C6ng bo - Gioi thi^o tai lien luu trir Cdng sdn dd di xa hon cdc ddng quoc gia d chd dd di mpt ehu nghia hdn hoi, mpt dudng ldi tranh ddu ro rif"*^ Ben cgnh dd, hinh dnh cdc phong trao ddu tranh cua quan chung dudi anh hudng ciia Hdi Vift Nam Cdch m ^ g Thanh nien vd Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng Duong phdt triln manh da tao nhung an tupng ldn ddi vdi tri thiic liic bdy gid, trd thdnh ngudn cd vii cho nhiiu lop tri thuc tiep tiic dan than theo dudng ddu tranh Tu 1925 trd di, cdng nhdn da lien tuc ndi day Trong nhiing nam 1928-1930, phong trdo ram rd den ndi bao Thdn Chung phdi thdt len: "Bdy gid din ngudi ngheo khd ldm chinh fr/"'* Td bdo Cdng Luan tai Sai Gdn ciing nhan xet ve phong trdo 1930-1931: " khdng phdi Id mpt viec bien chuyin tdm thudng, md Id mdt cupc van dpng cdch mgng ldn lao"^^ Ngodi ra, cac vu an cdch mang ldn thdi ky ndy da tao nhieu tieng vang va ddu an Chi mpt thdi gian ngan, ngudi ta da chiing kien den bdn vu dn ldn thudc ve cdc td chuc cdch m ^ g : vy dn Yen Bdi cua Viet Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng Vu dn ndy trd mdt chii de duoc gidi thieu, phan tich tren nhieu bao Sai Gdn; v\i dn "vu dn Ngd Gia Tu vd ddng bpn " (1933) duoc bdo chi luc bdy gid gpi Id "phiin tda khong lo", mot vu dn gay chdn dpng du ludn nude vd thi gidi'^; vu dn dudng Babier Id mdt vu an li6n quan din nhieu td chuc tCr Hpi Viet Nam Cdch mang Thanh nien din Hpi kin Nguyin An Ninh, Viet Nam Quoc Ddn Ddng, Tan Viet Cdch m ^ g Dang; vu dn Ddng Cpng san Ddng Duong nam 1933 kit an 119 ngudi" Ngodi ra, nliilu su kien ndi tiing khdc ciing tdc dpng sdu sac din cdng l u ^ Nam Ky nhu cupc mit tinh tai san banh "Ngdi Gia Dinh" Phan Bdi diln thuylt va Ly Tu Trpng bj bdt, bi xu tu hinh dl lai cau ndi ndi tieng cho nien; Cupc bieu tinh Van thn - 04/6/1930 d ba qudn Diic Hda, Hoc Mdn va Trung quan Chp Ldn vdi su hy sinh ciia Chdu Vdn Liem, mdt thdy gido each mang, mdt nhdn vat quan trpng ciia Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duong tai Nam Ky Nhung su kipn da kich thich tinh thdn manh me khdng chi ddi vdi nhung ngudi each m ^ g ma cdn cd tri thuc duong thdi Cdc phong trdo ddu tranh tieu biiu tir 1930 din 1939 tgi Nam Kp Tu nam 1930 din 1939, phong trdo each mang da bung nd vdi mOt sd hogt ddng tieu bieu sau: Tren khia canh bdo chi, tieng ndi cua td La Lutte thyrc s^c la nhung ddn tdn cdng true dien vao che dp thuc dan vd cdc chinh sdch ciia nd Nam 1935 Thdng ddc Nam Ky viet vl td La Lutte: "nd dupe truyin tir tay ngudi sang ngudi Ida, va can, dupe gidi thich mi^ng cho tung nhdm nhd"'^ Cung vi Thdng ddc viet: "nd cdn de dpa phat triln gidi cpng su ngudi bdn dia lam viec cdc ca quan hdnh chinh vd cdc xi nghiep tu nhan"'' Mat khdc, ngudi Phdp ciing nhdn djnh "tdt cd cdc bao bdn dja deu hang say bude vdo cupc chien, theo sau td La Lutte"^" Nhdn djnh cd tinh cudng dieu hda nhung da thuc su phan dnh khdng chinh tri ciia cdc bdo qudc ngu d Sai Gdn luc bdy gid Ten tudi nhirng td bdo va nhd bao se d ^ ddn xuat hi?n cac phong trao va hanh ddng tu day trd vl sau Den td bao La Lutte sd 63 07/12/1935, thuc ddn Phdp da tdn cdng nhdm cho rdng bdo cd tinh chdt phdn loan Ngay 27/12/1935, Thdng ddc Nam Ky yeu cdu "tich thu td bdo ndi trin bdt cir noi ndo nhin thdy", va "cdc biin bdn ve quyin sir dmg da duac lap, niim phong vd chuyin cho Chudng ly Vien Kiem sdt, di truy td, niu duac, co the truy to nhirng ngudi phdn phdt, tdng trir vd r Viet IMam so 11/2015 Cong bo - Gioi thien tai lien Inn trnr bdn td bdo ndi trin"^' Cdng dien sd 1311-C Van Gidu cho rang "sdng kien do Nguyen (28/12/1925) cua Thdng ddc Nam Ky da yeu An Ninh dua trudctiin"^*.Nguyin An Ninh c5u cac don vi kilm sodt vd thdng bao cho da viet nhieu bdi bdo tren La Lutte keu gpi Thong ddc tat cd cdc thu din hoac di cua bdy thuc hien mdt Ddng Duong Dai hdi Trong vien bdo La Lutte, gdm Ta Thu Thau, dd, Nguyin Van Tao viet "Mat trdn binh dan Tran Van Thach, Nguyin Van Tao, Duong Phap vdi nguyen vpng cua qudn chiing Dong Bach Mai, Le Van Thii, Phan Van Hum, Duong" (Xa hpi Tung tho cua nhdm La LuNguyen An Ninh^ Hp ldm diiu \\ "muc tte xudt ban) Thdng 8/1936, Dang Cpng san dich trdn dp cdc dm muu vd hdnh ddng phd Ddng Duong cd thu ngd giri den cdc td chuc, hogi an ninh edng cdng, gay cdc vu xung l\rc lupng dau tranh keu gpi thuc hien Dong dpt chinh tri, tgo nin long hdn thii chinh phuDuong Dai hdi Thu viet: "sin sdng lien hi?p Phdp vd chinh quyen bdo hp ldm theo cdc de hanh ddng chung vdi hdt thdy mpi ngu6i ehi thi eua mdt so ngudi d nude ngodi"^^ lao dpng, tieu tu sdn, tri thdc, tu sdn thuoc bit Tren hoat dpng ddu tranh nghj trudng, ky ndi gidng, tdn gido, giai cdp ndo tdn Ipi dung nhimg quy che ciia xii thudc dia nhu nguyen tac trieu tap Ddng Duong Dai hpi"" Nam Ky nhimg ngudi cdng san da chu truong Ngay sau nhiing ldi keu gpi, mpt phong phdt dpng phong trdo ddu tranh cdng khai, trdo dien nhanh chdng va rdm rd, thu hut hpp phdp thdng qua cdc cupc van ddng nghi hdu het cdc tdng lop nhdn ddn tham gia, d|c tmdng Ldn ddu tien, dd la cupc van dpng bdu bi?t Id tri thiic Phong trdo cdn lan rpng din cii Hpi ddng phd Sdi Gdn nam 1933 Bac Ky va Trung Ky nhung van manh nhat cr vd tiep dd Id cupc bdu cir nam 1935 Nhung Nam Ky U*dc tinh Nam Ky cd den 600 Uy thdnh vien tieu bieu duoc dua de ling cii ban Hdnh ddng cdc noi Nhdn thdy tan anh Hpi dong nhu Nguyen Van Tao, Ta Thu Thau, hudng cua phong trdo, chinh quyen thudc dja Duong Bach Mai, Trdn Van Thach Tu day, da thuc hien cdc chien dich ngan chan Den Hdi ddng thdnh phd khdng chi cd su 27/9/1936, Phdp lai tiln hdnh bdt Ta Thu hi$n dien cua nhung tri thiic cdng san ma da Thdu, Nguyin An Ninh, ngdy 03/10/1936 b^t dien cac cupc tranh luan giiia nhung ngudi Nguyin Van Tao hdng bop chet phong trao theo nhieu xu hudng khac Nhdn dan lao Trong tmh hmh dd, ngdy 30/9/1936, Duong dpng ciing the hien dupe tiing ndi cdng khai Bach Mai sang Phdp de thdng bdo vdi chinh thdng qua cac dai bieu cua hp, qua dd thiic day qudc ve tinh hinh dang dien d Nam Ky Tu qudn chiing tien len tren dudng ddu tranh ngdy 24/10/1936, ba ngudi Tao - Ninh - Thau chdng che dp thudc dia bdt ddu tuyet thuc Ngay 05/11/1936, Phap Mpt phong trdo tieu bieu diln vdo nam bupc tra tu cho ba dng 1936 la phong trao Ddng Duong Dai hdi Song song phong trdo Ddng Duong Dai Phong trao Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng Duong hpi, cdc hoat ddng ddu tranh vi ddn sinh, dan Cling cac nhdm tri thiic d Nam Ky chu truang chii ciing dupe ddy manh Dang Cpng san phat ddng nhdm thu thap nguy?n vpng cua Ddng Duong tich cue chi dao tiip tuc cupc dau quan chiing nhan ddn, gui tdi phai doan cua tranh cdng khai tren linh vuc bdo chi d Nam Qudc hpi Phdp sang diiu tra vl Ddng Duong Ky, cd bao chi P h ^ ngir va Qudc ngir thdng Vl ngudi de xudt phong trao, tac gid Trdn qua cdc bdo nhu L'Avant Garde (sd ddu Vdn thu - Lun tru Viet Nam so 11/2015 Cong ho - Gioi thieu tai lien lnn trn 29/5/193 7), bdo Le Peuple vd ddc biet Id td Dan nude, nhung hp vdn hpc nhu thudng vd tra chung (ra sd ddu tien ngdy 22/7/1938), ddi thdnh ky su, bdc si co tiing tdm, gidu cd md khdng chd su cho phqj cua chinh quyen md vdn di theo cdch mgng Dd Id mot cdch thuc dan vdi danh nghia Id "ca quan lao ddng gidi quyit Thuc cUng la mot thdi dp de vd ddn chiing" Nguyen Ai Quoc da vilt giii vOng quyin loi cd nhdn, gia dinh"^^ "Bdo cao giri Ban Chdp hdnh Qudc te cdng Ddi vdi nhdm dn hda - trung lap, thdi dp san": "tdi nghi rdng Ddn chiing cUng Id td bdothudng thdy ciia hp la trdnh ne nhung van de duac nhieu ngudi dpc nhdt d Ddng Dirang"^^ chinh trj, khdng dam len tiing ddu tranh chdng Ngodi ra, Ddng Cpng san Ddng Duong chi dp thupc dia Vi dy nhu thdi dd cua cdc nha Cling tich cue chi dao ddy manh cac hoat dpng bao nhung td baotiengVi?t Hpa chang cdng khai nham tranh thu nhung diiu kipn cua Idu Idu mdi xudt hien mpt trudng hpp cd biet, tinh hinh nhu cupc bdu cii Hdi ddng Qudn hat nhung rdi ciing sdm bi dap tat Dieu ndy dupe nam 1939, ddu tranh ddi thd chinh trj pham, nhd su hpc Daniel Hemery nhan xet: "lich sir ddi quyen tu dan chu, lap Hdi qudn chung, cdc td bdo tiing Vi4t dudi thdi thifc ddn Id mpt bay td nguyen vpng qua cdc cupc ddn rude chuoi nhung giai dogn phdn khdng ngdn ngiii, nhu phong trdo ddn J Godart, cupc ddn tiep giira hai giai dogn Id mpt thdi gian ddi phdng Juies Brevie Cdc cupc ddu tranh ddi cdi thien Igng ( ) Bdo chi Qudc ngii ndi chung Id "phi ddn sinh nhu thue khda, dieu kien lao ddng, chinh tri"^^, ( ) Mac dau cdc cdy but ddc lap ludt lao dpng, giai quyet ddi sdng cho ndng cd gdng kien tri, phai ndi la bdo chi Quoc ngu dan khd khan, thien tai, ddu tranh ddi cdi thien bj khda mieng vl mat chinh trj" Ngudi Phap ddi s6ng binh linh, chi dp giao due, ddu tranh cung n h ^ xet vl xu hudng chinh tri cua Phu chdng trd lai hiep udc 1884, tir keu gpi nii Tan van: "nhd nhiiu ldn cdnh cdo, tgp chi thdng nhdt qu6c gia ndy dd tif hgn chi minh vdo chuong trinh gido Tri thirc phi Mdc xit vd mot s6 boat due phu nir cua minh "^" Tren Trung Lap sd ngdy 25/4/1933, Nguyen An Ninh cdn td dpng tren ITnh vuc ddn chu thdt vpng vdi bdo Qudc ngu Nam Ky-" Nhiing ngudi nhdm tri thiic phi Tuy nhien cd the thdy, ddi Iiic, nhdm tri Mac xit dupe nghien ciiu bdi viet la nhiing ngudi tri thdc yen nude nhung cd thirc ndy da dung cdm diing ben canh nhung thdi dp dn hda - trung lap Vi nhimg ly ngudi ddu tranh Nhu hp dam nhdn xet Huynh nhu nghi nghipp, cude sdng, than phdn, tinh Thuc Khdng la ngudi "mpt ddng ldm dgi biiu each, quyin Ipi nen hp khdng vupt qua dupe cho cdi tu cdch ngang cudng, cao thupng" nhiing gidi h ^ cua ho^t ddng chuyen mdn, dng tir chdc \^en trudng Vipn Ddn bilu khdng bude din dupe vdi thdi dp cua mpt tri Trung Ky (1926), cdn Nguyin Thira D^t Id thiic cdch mang Nam 1930 Trudng Chmh da ngudi "mpt ddng dgi bieu cho cdi tu each nhdn djnh vl hp tac phdm Cdch mgng bi Idu, di hen"^^ nham chiic Vien trudng ddn tpc ddn chu nhdn ddn: "tu sdn ddn tpc Vien Ddn bieu Bdc Ky Hay muc Y kiln vd tiiu tu sdn tri thirc Vi^t Nam tim thdy ciia chiing tdi ddi vdi thdi su, bdo Phu nii Tdn chu nghia ldng mgn mpt tiing thd ddi chdng van viet: "Chiing tdi tudng rang cupc tri an chi dp thupc dfa"^^ Trdn Van Gidu cung nhdn d day md bi rdi logn, chdng nhirng gi md tgi xet: "di hpc nhu tdi, nhieu ngudi cUng yiu bpn cpng sdn, tgi mdy Id truyin don, tgi mdy Van thu - Lun tru Vi^t Nam so 11/2015 Cong bo • Gioi thien tai lien Inn trn trdi tgc dgn, ndi tdm lai la chdng nhiing tgi Ddng Lap hien cd lien quan ve tdi chinh thieu bpn Nguyin Thdi Hpc vd Phd Due Chinh mdminh b^h Tdc gid Nguyen Him Hiep cho thdi, md phdn nhiiu tgi sir bdo lut ddi kem, tgirang viec ndy cd the cd lien quan den bdo bj dudng sanh hogt mdc md khd khdn md vdydinh bdn vao nam 1934" Nguyin nhdn aia vi4c ldm rdi tii an cUng bdi Cling tir dd, nhiing tieng ndi chinh trj cua dd md ra"^\ Mpt sd bdi bao tren td Phu Phu bdo chi Qudc ngir cdng manh vd lan rpng nir Tdn Van cung cho thdy xu hudng yeu nude ddn Nhung tri thiic cua bdo La Lutte, vdi cua nhom tri thiic nay, nhu bdi "Mot ngdy ky nhung boat ddng quylt liet, dung cdm, khdng niem ma it nhd: dng Nguyin Hue danh met mdi da dua chiic ndng truyen bd chmh tri Tau" (ciia Bang Tam Nir sT, so 40), bdi "Cupc trd chiic nang tmng tdm cua La Lutte van dpng tham chdnh cua dan bd cdc nude Au Daniel Hemery da ndi den dieu nay: bang su My" (sd 41), bai "Nir anh himg, td each mang cat vdn thudng xuyin La Lutte phd vdsuddng nude ta Hai Chi Em Bd Tnmg" (sd 42), bai thudn vdi nhirng sdc thdi khdc cua bdo "Thdnh Gandhi vd cupc van ddng ddc lap cua chi cdng khai trin vdn de che dp thuc ddn, no nude An Dp hdi ndy" (ciia Thanh Nhdn, sd thay the sir phi phdn le ti timg vu vi4e bdng 45), bdi "Cupc phy nii van ddng d nude Triiu su phe phdn co tinh h4 thdng vd ly ludn; ( ); Tien" tren Phy nu Tdn Van (ciia P.K, sd 188) mat khdc La Lutte ldm thay doi cue dien bdo lyi thiic phi Mdc xit tham gia hoat chi Vi4t Nam, bupc cdc td bdo khdc, ke cd cdc d$ng chinh tri dirdi anh hudng cua cac td chong cdng nhu La Depeche, I 'Impartial, La Tribunne Indochinoise phdi cdng khai phong trdo cdch mang Chinh vi tinh chdt chinh trj cua nhdm tri de cgp tdi hogt dpng cua nhirng ngudi cpng thirc nhu v^y nen chju dnh hudng ciia sdn, hp phdi ddng Igi cd nguyin bdn nhiing phong trdo, nhin thdy tryc dien cdc hinh dnh truyin don tieng Vi4t dupe rdi d Sdi Gon; La dSu tranh cua cdc tri thdc each mang, mpt bp Lutte cdn dinh hudng, thuc ddy hp phdn ddi phdn ciia nhdm ndy da duoc khich le va cd chi dp kiim duy4t, ddi quyin tu bdo chi nhiing chuyen bien ve thdi dp Hp ddn manh Thiie gii^ic hp dut khodt chpn lua thi dimg, t me hon, ddm len tieng hon cdc vdn de thdnh lap mpt hgt nhdn bao gom nhirng td chinh tri, tir ddn tpc den ddn chu Hp cung san bdo ddc lap, ddy duoc xem nhu Id vai trd gian sang bude vao cdc hoat dpng mot each tich tiip chi dgo chinh tri vdi bdo chi Sdi Gdn; La eye, sdi ndi Chinh cude van ddng Lutte da ldm duac nhimg gi md bdo chi cap bdu cir Hpi dong thdnh phd Sai Gdn nam 1933, tiin ndm 1925 thdt bgi^^ td Trung Lap ciia Trdn Thien Qui da ung hd trd eo quan van dpng cho Sd Lao ddng Din noi Thong ddc Nam Ky phdi vilt thu cho Toan quyen ddi nit gidy phep td bao vi da tap hpp cac lye lupng vd sdn d Sdi Gdn Td Phu nu Tdn van thi tham gia vdo cupc tranh cir Hpi ddngtiidnhphd vdi tu each ngudi "quan sdt vien" Tuy nhien td bao da md cupc diiu tra va dua len mat bao viec nhung vien Ngodi ra, nam 1935, d Bac Lieu, Tham bien phdi khd chju thdy nhdm tri thuc dja phuang, dudi dnh hudng cua phong trao, to minh cd bdn p h ^ bdo ve ngudi kem the, tao nen khdi chdng Phap Hpi ddng Dia hat'^ Ndm 1936, mpt hpc sinh trudng Petrus Ky da lien h? Nguyin Van Nguyen dl xin day cho hpc sinh trudng mdt khda hpc ve each mang Anh ta cdn Id ngudi mang 20 td La Lu- Van thu - Luu trn Viet Nam so 11/3015 Cong ho - Gioi t h i e n tai lien Inn trn tte mdi ldn ve cho hpc sinh cua trudng ndy^' Nam 1937, hpc sinh trudng Petrus Ky ddu tranh thu thap chu ky vao ban kiln nghj len dn thdi dp ky thj chiing tpc ddi vdi hpc sinh Viet Nam cua mpt sd gido su ngudi Phdp^^ Cung nam, Toan quyin Ddng Duong giii Thdng tri sd 87 Y.P ngdy 03/4/1937 cho Thdng ddc Nam Ky, chi thi: "mpt sd su kiin gdn ddy chimg minh mot vdi trudng hpc cda chiing ta cd mpt sir sdi dpng, may thay ndng ndi, nhtmg phdi ngdn chgn"^^ Nam, Sai Gdn, Dien Tin, Cdng ludn, Mai Cudi budi tiec, Trdn Thien Qm, Phd Chu tjch H0i ky gid da bieu duang hdnh ddng cua nhdm ba ngudi Nguyen An Ninh da nhan djnh ve dieu ndy (1936): "va chinh phu nggc nhiin trudc viec nhiing ngudi tri thirc that bude theo cdch mgng Id vi cdch mgng hira hen vdi hp mpt xd hpimd ddo nhdn phdm sedupc tdn trpng vd se duac gidi phdng, vd chi cd cupc tranh ddu trudc sau nhu mpt chong Igi cdc thi luc dp buc thi hp mdi tim duoc su che chd nhdn Phong trdo Ddng Duong Dai hpi la mpt su phdm cho hp*'^^ Chinh quyen thudc dia ciing kien cdtinhdpng vien tri thiie manh me Bdc sT nhdn dinh dung ve khdng bdo chi liic bdy Nguyin Van Tdn ling hd nhdm La Lutte nhiet gid (du sai lech ve tmh than cho rdng ly tinh, td Ddn Quyen trd co quan ngdn ciia dieu ndy la ndi so): "thdi dp cua cdc td bdo ludnriengvilt bdng tiing Vipt ciia lanh dao La viet bdng Quoc Ngu khdng nhiing, khong bao Lutte va da the hien thdi dp chdng Phdp mdt gid ddm - ngogi trii bdo Duoc Nhd Nam vd Luc each kjch liet^ Ngay 29/8/1936, ba gido vien tinh, md thdi dp chinh tri rdt ddng luuy, ludn lo trudng Qudc Bieu bieu tinh vd cd y djnh chiim so ldm phdt y cdc dpc gid khdng co bdt cii mpt trudng Trinh Dinh Thdo nhu la mdt cd vdn hdnh dpng phi phdn nhd ndo ddi vdi nhung phdp ly ciia Dang Cong sdn Ddng Duang vd ngudi cdng sdn hpp phdp, md hp tan dung cdc nhdm La Lutte, nhdm Dan chung Bdc sT Tran dip di ca tung hp mpt cdch kin ddd"^ Td Sai Quang De, kham cho Nguyin Van Tao Gdn (ciia Biit Tra) ciing viet ldi gidi thieu vd nam 1937 da ghi benh dn: berth tim bSm sinh** the hien su mong dpi doi vdi Ddn Chiing^' dl hdnh cho Nguyin Van Tao khdi bj tra tdn Sy quan tdm den chinh trj pham cung hpc Nhu vdy, nhu ngudi Phap nhdn dinh: "mdt phdn ddn chiing bdn dia da thay ddi quan diem theo cac giai doan khac ciia cupc bieu tinh Duoc ddng vien, khuyin khich bdng nhung bai viet tren cac td bao Viet vd bdo Phdp, nhung ngudi ban dja, hoac vi lo so, hoac vi nhu nhupe, da timg rat dung dung vdi hdnh dpng ciia nhdm La Lutte, gid den lupt hp bi thuylt phyc vi nhimg ngudi tuyet thyc" Ciing tiieo bdo cdo tren, 22/11/1936, t^i nhd hdng Nguyen Van Dac, cd khodng 40 ngudi aia cdc ky gid ngudi Viet da td chuc tiec chieu dai ba nhdn vat ciia nhdm La Lutte (khi hp dupe trd ty - tac gid), dd cd nhung ngudi la bien t^p vien chu chdt cdc bdo Viet Nam, Dude Nhd Ip sy dnh hudng ve thdi dp ciia nhdm tri thiic each mang Khi keu gpi thdnh lap Mat trdn Binh ddn, Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng Duong neu khdu hieu "todn xd tdt cd chinh tri pham", dd chu dong dl xudt trd ty cho nhiing ngudi nhu Tao, Mai, Nmh, Nguyin, Thdu Trong budi hpp ciia Td chuc Lien hihi bdo gidi (A.J.A.C) vl vdn dl ndy (13/8/1936), Nguyin Van Trdn (td Le Peuple) phdt bilu yeu cdu A.J.A.C len tiing Trong dd, liic ndy Nguyin Van Sdm (bdo Viet Nam) vdi tu each hdi trudng phat bieu rdng "diiu ndy cd tmh cdch chdnh trj, md ldm chdnh tri khdng phdi Id chuyen ciia A.J.A.C"'^ Cupc hpp cd khodng 400 ngudi bao gdm nhd bdo, cdng Vdn thu - Luu t r u Viet Nam s6 11/2015 61 Cdng bo • Gioi thien tai lien lnn trn chirc, nien, hpc sinh^^ Thi nhung, dudi hpc sinh "^^ Cdu lac bd cd sd thdnh vien sy kien quylt vd tinh thdn cua nhdm La Peu- len 3.000 hpc sinh, tdn tai dupe mdttfiangthi ple (Nguyin Van Trdn tuyen bd niu A.J.A.C Phdp cam Nguyin Van Sdm, Dipp Vdn Ky khdng lamtiiibdo Le Peuple va cdc bao khdc bj true xudt khdi Nam Ky ndm 1939 ciing vdi se ldm) tili trua ngdy 10/9/1938, Doan Dai nhiiu tri thiic cdch mang khdc" bilu bdo gidi Nam Ky gdm Breten, Nguyin Nhiing dnh hudng trSn tdt nhien vdn chi Van Ciia, Nguyen Van Sam, Tran Thien Qui, dimg lai d mpt bd phdn nhd vd chua hoan Le Trung Can (Dien tin), Biit Trd da gap todn giac ngd dupe cdc xu hudng tri thiic Thdng ddc Pages bdy td y djnh keu gpi an khdc Hdi nghj Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duong xa'" Han thi, chinh quyin nit gidy phep 30/3/1938 tai Tdn Thdi Nhdt nhdn djnh: ciia bdo Ddn (Juyin va bdo Sdi Gdn (trong "dnh hudng cda Ddng co lan rpng qudn ngdy) nhdm cho nhimg phdn ling cua bdo chung" nhung "con dudng chinh tri ciia cdc qudc ngu trd nen "nhe nhang han"^' thi bdo chi cdn cd dpc nin chua keo duoc nhiing lap tiic td Nghe Thdy ciia Phan Bd Lan dupe tdng lop rdng tri thuc, tiiu tu sdn, tu sdn cdp mpt e kip ciia bdo Ddn Quyen thue lai, gdm tiin sang phe binh ddn"^* Tmcmg Duy Todn vd cdc cdng sy, cung vdi Ket luan Nguyen Van Nguyin bdt dau chien djch tdn Nhu vdy cd the thay, bdng nhiing hoat cdng ciia minh Ngdy 01/10/1936, mdt bdi bdo dpng vd hinh anh cua minh, nhiing tri thiic vdi tya de "Cii ddm", hp viet: "Bdi chinh phu cdch mang (dac biet la nhung ngudi ho?t khdng muon chung ta ldm chinh tri bdng condpng cdng khai) da trd ngudn dpng vien ngudi nghiem tuc, vay chung ta se ldm ehinhcua rdt nhieu tri thuc khac tiln them tren tr\ bdng cdch dixa cat"^^ dudng bdy td thdi dp chinh trj ciia minh, tham Cho den cudi nam 1936, nhieu td bdo cdn gia vdo cac phong trdo chung, du cdn han che cd thai dp tham dd nhung tii ndm 1937, hp da bat dau viet nhieu bdi viet cd xu hudng dau tranh vd tap trung vdo cdc khau hieu, chu Chu tbich: tmong dau tranh cua Dang Cdng sdn Ddng Tran Van Giau, Triin B?ch Ding, Nguylti C6ng Binh (chii Duong" Bdo Dipn tin ngdy 14/01/1937 da bien, 1988), Dja chi Van hoa Thanh ph6 HA Chi Minh, Tap I: Ljch dua tin vl phong trao ddn J Brevie mdt cdch sii, Tp Ho Chi Minh, trang 297 Tran Van Giau, Trin B^ch Ding, Nguyen Cong Binh (chu tich eye, td bao ndy n h ^ dinh sd lupng dan bien, 1988), Sdd, t?p 1, trang 297 chiing tham gia "cd le xdp xi hai ldn" so vdi Dan lai Baa C h i p hanb Dang b$ TP HCM (2014), L|cb su cupc ddn rude Godard tnrdc dd^" Huynh Ding bQ Thanh pb6 H6 Chi Mmh, NXB CTQG, Ha Npi, trang 94 Phy nir Tan Van, s6 247, trang 14 VSn Tieng thi ke rang: "lye lupng hpc sinh Ddng Cgng san Vi?t Nam (1999), V5n ki?n Dang loan l§p, chiing tdi dupe ldi cudn vdo phong trao t9p 3, NXB CTQG, trang 13 (Ddng Duong Dai hdi - tac gia) mdt each ty Trdn Van Giip, Nguyen Tu&ng Phupng, Nguyen VSn Phi, gidc"" Chinh Nguyin Van Nguyin, Hd Huy I d Phong Chau (1972), Luqrc biiyen cic tic gia Vi?t Nam, Ijp H, NXB KHXH, H i Noi, trang 36 Giap da gpi y cho Huynh Van Tiing va ban Phsm Thi Hu? (2013), Phong tnko dSn tpc dan cWi oNam Kjhe thdnh lap Cau lac bd hpc sinh - S.C.O.L.A 1930-1945 nghien ciiu qua lai Ii?u hiu trii, NXB CTQG, Ha Ngi, trang 74 D4ng Cong san Vi^t Nam (2002), Vin ki?n Dang toan t?p, Club vdi "muc dich phdt ddng phong trdo bdi t$p 2, NXB CTQG, trang dudng sue khde vd tinh thdn yeu nude cho T6l6gramme officiel No 1614 du Juin 1930 du M GouV&n thw - Luu trn Vi^t Nam so 11/2015 €dng bo - Gioi thien tai Uen lvn trn vemeur General de I'lndochine h loutes les Admimsfrations locales sur la direction du Parti Comministe de I'hidochine pour la revolution en Cochinchine, Trung tam Luu trir quoc gia n, Phong Phu Thong ddc Nam KJ-, bo so s6: IIA45/192 (7) 10 Dang Thj Van Chi (2008), "Vin de phu nir a Vi#t Nam trudc Cach mang diing TSm: ngi dung vk giai phap" Hoi thao Vi?t Nam hpc lin 3, VNH3.TB2 14, trang 13 11 Pham Hong Tung (2008), lich sil cuOc vftid^ng vi cac q i ^ dan smh dan c±iud\^Nam(1936-1939), NXBCTQG-Svftai,Ha Noi, trang 108 12 Din I91 BCH Dang bo TP HCM (2014), Sdd, trang 75 13 Nguyen Van Trung (1963), Chu nghia th\rc dan P h ^ o Vi$i Nam thirc chit va huyen tho?i Nam Scm xuat bin Sat Gon, trang 219 14 Ban Ch4p hSnh Lien d o ^ Lao dpng TP HCM (1993) Cdng nhan S4i G6n - Chp Ldn s\r nghifp giai phong dSn tpc, NXB U o dpng, trang 39 15 Trin Huy Lifu (2003), Tac phim giai thudng Ho Chi Minh, NXB KHXH, HS Npi, trang 436 16 PhamTht Hu? (2013), Sdd, trang 42 17 Ph^im Th( Hu? (2013), Sdd, trang 70 18 Daniel Himery (2005), "A Saigon dans les aimees trente, un journal mihtant; La Lutte (1933-1937), http7/vutual-saigon.net/ Texta'Articles?ID=a8, trang 7, cap nhgt ngSy 08-9-2915 19 CitculaireofficielNo 821Cdu20Aout 1935duM Gouvemeur General de la Cochinchine a son homologue de I'lndochme, Trung tam Lmi trir quoc gia U, H6 so so IIA45/245 (1), ban 20 Note confidentielle des achvit^srebelles en Cochinchine duOl au30Novembrel936, TrungtamLuutriiquocgiallhososd IIA45/253 (3), bdn 21 Telegrammeofficiel No 5245 du 27 Decembre 1935 du M GouvemeurGeneralde la Cochinchinepour la confiscation du journal La Lutle, Trung tam Luu trir qu6c gia II, hd so so nA45/24S (1) ban 22 Telegrammeofficiel No I3ll-Cd 28 Decembre 1935 du M Gouvemeur G^niralde la Cochmchinepour le controle des courrieis du groupe La Lutte, Trung tam Luu trii quoc gia D, Uh so so lIA45/245(l),ban2 23 Telegrammeofficiel No 541-Cd 20 Mai 1936 du M Gouvemeur Gin^ralde la Cochmchinei son homologue de rindochinqmur la poursuite du groiqK La Lutte, Trung tam Luu ttH qu6c gia U, H6 so so lL^45/245 (!) ban L 24 Din Igi BCH Ding bp TP HCM (2014), Sdd, trang 122 25 BCH Ding bp TPHCM (2014), Sdd, trang 122 26 E)ang Cpng san Vi^t Nam (2000), VSn kifn Dang loin t?p, ^ 6, NXB CTQG trang 498 27 Din lai Nguyen Thanh (1984), B&o chi each m^ng Viet Nam 1925-1945, NXB KHXH, Hi Npi trang 78 28 Nguyen Phan Quang (2011), TVin Vta Giau - Nghe thay k^ chuyen, NXB Tong hpp Tp HCM, trang 24 29 Daniel Himery (2005), Sdd, trang 30 Daniel HSmeiy (2005), Sdd, trang 531 Trung tiim Nghien ciiu Qudc hpc (2009), Nguyin An Ninh tic phim, NXB van hpc trang 1263 32 Phv nft Tin Vin sd 3, trang 33 Phv nu Tan Vin, sd 49, trang 34 Nguyen Huu Hiep (2014), "Phu nii Tin V§n to bao uy tin bi buc tii vi t5 cio tiiu cvc", http://www.baocantho com.vii/?mod=d etnews&catid=302&id=l 50953, cjip nhit 08-9-2015 35 Daniel Hemery (2005), Sdd trang 7-8 36 T? Chi Dai Tnrdng (2011), Ngudi linh thuoc dia Nam Ky (1861-1945), NXB Tn diiic, HaNpi, trang 282 37 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochmchine du 01 au 31 Aoilt 1936, Trung tSm Luu trii qudc gia II, Ho scr s6 IL^45/253 (3) bin 38 Note confidentielle No 1024-S du Mars 1937 du Chef local du service de I'Enseignement en Cochinchine as distributrion de tracts a des Hives, Tnmg tam Luu trir quoc gia n, Phong Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd UA/45/203 (5) 39 Circulaue confidentiele No 87-I.P du Avril 1937 du gouvemeur General de I'lndochine, liung tam Luu trii qu6c gia II, Phong Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky Ho so sd IIA45/203 (5) 40 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Trung tam Luu trii qudc gia II, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd ILk45/253 (3) ban 41 Note confidentielle des activitdsrebelles en Cochinchine du 01 au 31 Aout 1936, Trung tam Luu tiu qudc gia n, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, H6 sa sd IIA45/253 (3), bin 42 Thu Thiiy, Nguyen Qu^, Nguyin Que Lam (2007), Nguyen Vin T ^ 1908-1970, NXB Van hda Sii Gdn, trang 80 43 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchme du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Trung tam Luu tru qudc gia n, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd nA45/253 (3) ban 44 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Tnmg tim Luu trO qudc gia U, Phong Phu Thdng ddc Nam Kj-, Hd so sd nA45/253 (3) ban 45 Tnmg lam Nghien cihi Qudc hpc (2009), Sdd, trang 759 46 Circulaireofficiel No 82IC du 20 Aoflt 1935 du M Gouvemeur General de la Cochinchine a son homologue de I'lndochine Trung tam Luu trii qudc gia II, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky H6 SOsdlIA45/245Cl),bin4 47 Nguyen'ni4nh(1981),BioDanChung,NXBTPHCM,trang84 48 NguySn Vin Tran (2001), Hoi ky Chung tdi lim bio, NXB Van ngh? TP HCM, trang 302 49 Thu Thuy, Nguyen Qud, Nguyen Que Lim (2007), SAI, trang4l 50 Nguyen Vin Trin (2001), Sdd, trang 305-306 51 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Trung tim Luu trir qudc gia II, Phdng Phu Thdng ddc Nam KJ, Hd so sd IIA45/253 (3), bin 52 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Tnmg tam Luu trii qudc gia n, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd nA45/253 (3), bin 53 Nguyin Thinh (1984), Sdd, trang 141-142 54 PhamThiHue(2013), Sdd, trang 126 55 Nguyin Vin Nguyin nhi ho?t d^ng chinh tri nhi bio nhi van hda (2006), NXB T I ^ hpp TP HCM, trang 434 56 Nguyen Vin Nguyen nha host dpng chinh tri nha bao nhi van hda (2006), sdd, Irar^ 434 57 Circulaireofficiel No.292/API pour la condamnation au communisme du 22 April 1940, Trung tim Luu tru: qudc gia II, Phdng Phii Tlidng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd lIA45/273(5), bin 58 Ban chip hinh Ding bd TPHCM (2014) Sdd, liang 161 Vdn thv - Lnn trnr Viet Nam s ll>2015 63 ... bi?t Id tri thiic Phong trdo cdn lan rpng din cii Hpi ddng phd Sdi Gdn nam 1933 Bac Ky va Trung Ky nhung van manh nhat cr vd tiep dd Id cupc bdu cir nam 1935 Nhung Nam Ky U*dc tinh Nam Ky cd den... thuc Ngay 05/11/1936, Phap Mpt phong trdo tieu bieu diln vdo nam bupc tra tu cho ba dng 1936 la phong trao Ddng Duong Dai hdi Song song phong trdo Ddng Duong Dai Phong trao Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng... nhung ngudi each m ^ g ma cdn cd tri thuc duong thdi Cdc phong trdo ddu tranh tieu biiu tir 1930 din 1939 tgi Nam Kp Tu nam 1930 din 1939, phong trdo each mang da bung nd vdi mOt sd hogt ddng tieu