đào tạo nghề cho người dân tộc thiểu số

NONH NGHIEM TtJT CO Sd Dao tao nghe cho ngirdi lao dong dan tdc thieu so tinh Dak Lak PHAN X U A N L I N H * - QUYJN DINH H A * * Dik Lik nam d vi tri trung tam cua tinh Tiy Nguyen, cd vi tri qu trgng cMdn lUdcphat tridn kinh te- xa hpi vi an ninh - qudc phdn Tiy Nguyen vi ei nUdc Viec dio tao nghd nham tao cdhdi sinh kS^cho ng lao dpng dan tpe tMeu so tren dia bin tinh Dak Lik la van dd quan trgiig qua tnnh thUe Men chinh sach giim ngheo ben vOng vi phat trien kinh te', xa hpi vdng ddng bao dan tpc tMeu so Thtfc trang cong tac tfao tao nghe cho dong bao dan tdc thilusddDlicLik Lao ddng ngUdi din tgc thieu sd dugc dao tao nghd phin iheo loai binh dao tao: Mpt nhflng khd khan cua cdng tae dao tao nghl cho ddng bao dan tde thidu sd d Dak Lak la p h i n Idn ngfldi lao dpng cd trinh dp chUa eao, thidu kiln thfle ky thuat mdi, ky nang va kinh nghiem lao ddng san x u l t edn nhilu mat h a n chd, ddng bao chi quen lao ddng ndng nghiep gian ddn va khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien, p h i n ldn sdng d vflng nfli, edng nghiep, tieu thu cdng nghiep va (iieh via ehfla phat trien Lao ddng dfldc dao tao theo d e loai nghl, toan tinh nam 2013 la 67.733 ngfldi, chie'm 5,98% sd Iao ddng dp tudi cua tinh; dd, lao ddng ngfldi dan tde thieu sola 2.806 ngudi, I Sd93 (9-2014) chiem 33,67% tong sdlao Tfl ket qua lao ddng cac dM ddng qua dao tao n g h l toan tpc dfldc dao tao n g h l cfio tinh Nhflng nam g i n day, thay, sd Iao ddng Id ngfldi cdng tae dao tao n g h l eho ddn tdc thieu sd qua ddo nidn eae dan tpc da dUdc n g h l hd dfldi nam Id chu Dang vd Chinh phu quan tdm yeu (15.124 ngfldi), t^p trung Rieng tinh Dak Lak cd trudng d phd Budn Ma Thudt, Cao dang nghe Thanh nidn ede thi xa Budn Hd, eac huydn dan tdc, cac trfldng trung edp Cfl Kuin, Krdng Pac Ddy ]k n g h l va cac trung tam day ndi tap t r u n g cac khu cdng n g h l eflng cd chfldng trinh Uu nghiep, cac nha may san xult tign eho eon em ddng bao cac va e h l bien, cac ngdnh nghS dan tdc thidu sd Sd lao dpng dao tao chu yeu v l ed khf, dan tde thieu sd qua ddo tao dien, dien tvl, han, ngudi de n g h l khdng ngflng tang len, ngfldi lao dpng sau hoc nhdt la loai hinh dao tao n g h l xong cd the vao lam cdng nhto ngan ban dfldi nam tai cae cac khu cdng nghidp, cdc nhi trung tam dao tao n g h l eac may hoae lam vide t^i cdc cd huyen theo Quyet (!inh so 1956 sd gd ban, (iien tit, sila chfla QD-TTg, 27-11-2009, nhd theo hfldng tfl phdt phd duydt D l an ddo tao nghl trien sinh kd dia bin eho lao dpng ndng thdn ddn dan cfl da cd nghl T?i nam 2020 Ve dao tao n g h l bde t n m g cdp va cao dang nghl, so * ThS, Giam doc Sd Khoa h^c nidn cae dan tde tdt nghiep eae he ciing tang so va CSng ngh^ tinh Dik Lik ** PGS, TS, Hoc vi^n N6ng vdi cac nam trfldc day nghidp Vi^t Nam I lll4lbiab^tlmphiMnopMptMhfpcdaKhoaS»n,1hMigCudngHglw0ULik m§t sd huydn khac, eic ed sd ddo tao n g h l n g i n han hfldng trpng tdm vao cac n g h l truyln thdng eua ddng bao nhU dan Ifit, d^t thd e l m vd trdng trpt, chdn nudi theo kf thuat mdi di ddo tao xong ngUdi lao d^ng cd thd ti^ kidm vi^e iam tai dia phfldng Nam 2013, lo^i hinh t r u n g cdp nghl ddo t^o cho nidn cac ddn tde thilu sd' todn tinh la 4.692 ngfldi vd dao tao cao ding n g h l Id 2.990 ngfldi, day la l^c lu^ng lao ddng chu ydu bd sung cho eac khu edng nghidp, cac nhd may va eac cd allaka xudt vfla va nhd Ngoai ra, chfldng trinh ddo t^o nghl miln phf cho lao dpng ndng thdn td chflc d^y n g h l cho 7.626 lao ddng tai cho, dd tren 80% la lao ddng ngfldi dan tde thilu sd va lao ddng thudc hd ngheo, sd dfldc dao tao, bdi dfldng chu yeu n g h l ndng nghidp, tieu thu cdng nghiep de lao dpng san xudt tai gia (finh Sau dao tao, bdi dfldng nghl, ddng bao da dfldc nang eao nhan thfle, bidt each lam va ap dung ky thuat mdi vao san xudt de cd hieu qua kinh t l cao hdn Lao ddng ngUdi din tgc thieu sd qua dao tao nghe ed viie lam va xui't khiu lao dong: Tao vide lam va sfl dung lao ddng sau dao tao dm vdi lao ddng ngfldi dan tdc thieu sd tren (iia bdn tinh thdi gian qua da ed nhilu tie'n bd NGUAH BAODAKIAtVN bao dam dung nganh nghl dao tao, phat huy Axltic kha nang eua ngfldi lao dpng, giflp hp tieh cflc tham gia vao san xudt, xay dflng vd phat trien kinh te, xa hdi dia phfldng Nam 2013, tdng sd 22.806 ngfldi Iao ddng dan tdc thieu sd dfldc dao tao, da cd 15.274 ngfldi ed vide lam dn dinh, chidm 66,97% va chidm 29,67% so Iao dpng cua tinh ed vide lam sau dao tao Ngoai sd lao ddng tim dfldc viec iam tinh, thdi gian qua, 475 ngfldi lao ddng la ddng bao dan tdc thieu so da tham gia thi trfldng xult khiu lao ddng nflde ngoii (chidm 20,47% sdlao dpng eua tinh di xudt k h i u lao dpng) Lao dpng S693 (9-2014)1 KINH NGHIEM Tfl CC Sd di xudt khau chu y l u d cac thi trfldng: Ma-lai-xi-a, Dai Loan, N h a t Ban, Du-bai H i n g nam, binh quan Ifldng ngoai te gfli v l eho gia dinh tfl 3.500 ken 4.000 USD/ngfldi/ nam (70 trieu - 80 trieu VND) Day la ngudn thu nhap dang ke giup hd gia dinh ngfldi di xuat k h i u dn (Jinh eude sdng, gdp p h i n thuc day xda ddi, giam ngheo b i n vflng, tang thu nhap tai dia phUdng Nhulhg thuan lof va kho ichan dat cdng tac dao tao nghe DUdc sfl quan tam chi dao kip thdi cua Tinh uy, Hdi ddng nhdn dan, Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh viee trien khai thfle hien Quylt (finh sd 1956/Qb-TTg, ngdy 27-11-2009 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu Ban Chi dao cdng tac dao tao n g h l eho Iao ddng ndng thdn cua tinh da dflde lap Vdi sfl dau tfl cua trung Udng va (Jia phUdng, mang lUdi day nghe edng lap cap huyen dUde hinh theo quy hoach cua (anh, nhieu trung tam day n g h l da dUdc xay dUng ed sd vat chdt khang trang, mua s I m trang thidt bi day nghl, rdn nghl, bdi dUdng ngudn nhan lfle , bflde dau da phat huy bieu qua Sfl quan tdm cua cac cap uy ehinh quyin va sfl nhan thfle cua ngfldi ddn v l day nghe va hpc nghl de phat trien sinh ke', on (iinh cude sd'ng da cd sfl chuyen big'n rd net Nhilu lao ddng ngudi dan tde thigu sd da dUde eac cd sd I Sd93; (9-2014) day n g h l gidi thidu viec lam va tao viec iam sau dao tao bang sfl hen ket g i i ^ cac cd sd dao tao nghe vdi cac doanh nghiep ddng tren dia ban Cdng tac dao tao n g h l cua tinh da tflng bflde gdp phan chuyen dieh ed eau lao ddng, tao vide ldm mdi, tang thu nhap eho ngfldi lao ddng, gdp phan phat trien sinh kd b i n viing edng ddng ddng bao eae dan t^e thieu sd Tuy nhidn, d i l u kien sinh sd'ng ehu yeu la dia ban mien nui, ndn p h i n Idn cac dd'i tfldng la ddng bao dan tdc theo hpe n g h l tie'p t h u k i l n thfle va ren ky nang n g h l gap n h i l u khd k h a n Viec day n g h l g i n vdi tao vide lam dn dinh cho lao dpng ngfldi ddn tdc thieu sd' ehUa dat so vdi yeu e l u dat (mdi dat 66,97% sd' Iao ddng dUdc dao nghl) Ty le Iao ddng qua dao tao cd viec iam I n (finh chfla eao Ngoai mdt sd' nguyen nhan chu quan, nguyen nhan khach quan chu ye'u la chiu anh hfldng cua suy thoai kinh td nen mpt sd doanh nghiep giai thd hoac t h u hep san xuat, doanh nghiep mdi lap khdng nhilu nen viec thu hut lao dpng giam sut Cdng tac phd bie'n tuyen truyen ve dao tao n g h l va sfl can thie't cua viec hpc n g h l de'n vdi ngUdi dan vung ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd cdn han ehe, chua phd bid'n thudng xuyen vd quydt liet Nhdn thfle eua can bd thdn, budn vd ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd v l day n g h l vk hpc n g h l c6 chuydn bien nhflng chfla chfla eao, chfla cd giai phap dot p h a t r o n g day va hoc n g h l cho ngfldi Iao ddng ddng bao dan tdc Ve xudt k h i u Iao ddng, tinh hinh thi trfldng lao ddng hien d mpt sd nUdc dang bdt dn va d nhilu nudc khac vdi mflc thu nhap thip va cd nhieu rui ro nen kho thu h u t ngfldi lao dpng ding bao dan tpc thieu sd tham gia, vi vay kdt qua thflc hien xudt khdu lao ddng edn han chd D i l u dang ndi la, m6t quy dinh cac van ban hidn hdnh v l mflc hd trd dilu kidn hpe n g h l , tidp cdn thi trudng vd mdt sd tap qu^n d^e thfl cua cac dan tdc chUfl phu h(?p Mdt sd quy dinh vk viec trien khai dao tao nghl cho lao dpng ndng thdn theo Quye't dinh 1956/QD-TTg eon cflng n h i c , ehfla phfl hdp vdi hoan eanh thflc t l cua viing ndng thdn, nhdt la vung dong bao ddn tde thieu s i Ddng bao ddn tde chu ylu ldm ndng, ldm nghidp, nhflng ndm tdi ndng nghifp v i n la nghe chinh ehilm ty trpng ldn d vflng dan t6c thieu sd, bdi vdy nhu ciu d^o tao n g h l ndng, ldm nghifp cao hdn cae nganh nghl khfifi* ty Id ddo tao nghl vdn quy dinh 70% dao tao n g h l phi ndng nghi$p, 30% dao tao n g h l ndng nghifp gay khd k h a n cho vi$c dlio tao n g h l n g i n b a n g i n vfli nhu e l u cua ngfldi d i n Vide phan bd kinh phi dao tao n g h l cdn mang tinh binh quan, ddo tao nghe cho ddr^ bdo dan tpc thilu sd' t n n h dp hatn e h l va chenh lech nhilu v l trinh dp, v l kha ndng nhan thfle ddi hdi thdi gian dao tao dai hdn, ydu ciu hudng dan thfle hanh n g h l nhilu hdn v i n chi nhan dflde kinh phi dao tao nghe binh quan tren d i u hpe vidn nhfl cac vung khic da iam ban ehd kit qua va hieu qua dao tao nghl eho lao ddng ddng bao eae ddn tde thilu sd Mdt sd gidi phap chu yeu tSng ctfomg dao tao nghe nhdm tao ctf hoi sinh ke cho ngtfdi lao tfdng ddn tdc thieu sd Tfl thflc td' edng tdc dao tao nghl cho dong bao dan toe thidu sd tinh Dak Lik, dd gdp phin tang cfldng dao tao nghl bao dam ed hdi sinh kd eua ddng bao dan tde thieu so', chflng tdi d l xud't mdy van d l nhfl sau: Cdng tae tuydn truyln, tU vdn hpc n g h l cho ddng bdo phai (fi trUde mpt bude, n h i m truyln tai rdng rdi thdng tin vl dao tao n g h l g i n vdi tao cd hdi viec iam sau dao tao eho ddng hao dan tde thieu sd' Chi nao ngfldi dan hieu rd t i m quan trpng eua day n g h l la myc dfch trang hi ky nang nghl nghiep, tao ed hdi sinh kd d l ed thu nhap, bao dam cudc sdng eho ban than va gia (fiilh thi hp mdi nh^n thflc diy du di tham gia hpe nghl Tfl den nam 2020, ddi vdi vung ddng bao cac ddn tdc thieu sd tinh D i k L i k san xudt ndng, lam nghiep v i n la n g h l ehinh, bd phan Idn ngfldi lao ddng dan tde thidu so v i n trdng eay Ifldng thflc, ea-phe, cay cdng ngbiep ngan ngay, trdng rflng, chan nudi phuc vu ddi sdng va cung cdp nguyen lieu eho edng nghidp c h i bidn ndng, ldm san Cdng tac dao tao nghe eho ngfldi lao dpng cac dan tdc thieu sdnhdt la ngfldi Iao ddng ldn tudi e i n tap trung trpng tam vao dao tao nghe ndng, lam nghiep de giflp ddng bao n i m va van dung ky thuat mdi, bie't tinh toan kinh td' dd san xud't cd bidu qua Dao tao n g h l cho ddng bdo dan tdc thieu sophai g i n vdi nhu ciu sfl dung lao ddng sau dao tao cua dia phfldng, gan vdi yeu ciu phat trien eac nganh san x u l t trflde m l t va tfldng lai, phu bdp vdi vide khai thdc Idi thd eac ngudn vdn sinh k l tren dia ban de ngfldi lao ddng sau dao tao cd the tu kiem vide lam phu h(?p Ddi mdi mdt sd' quy dinh De an dao tao nghl cho Iao ddng ndng thdn theo Quyet dinh sd 1956/QD-TTg eho phu hdp vdi dae thu dao tao nghl cho lao ddng ngUdi dan tdc thieu sd theo hudng tang ty Id ddo tao nghl ndng, lam nghidp, tdng dinh mflc kinh phi cho ddi tfldng hpc nghl la ngfldi ddn toe thidu so' Cdc ed sd ddo tao nghl tiep tue nghien eflu dd'i mdi chfldng trinh, ndi dung, phfl(Jng phap ddo tao nghe phia hdp vdi dae £ e m eua ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd Lua chpn eac nghl phfl bdp vdi tflng vung kinh t l cua tinh, dao tao nghl g i n vdi nhu elu cua dia phfldng, ed nhfl vay mdi tao ed hdi sinh kd thich itng cho ngfldi hpc sau k i t thflc dao tao Dao tao nghl, ndng cao ky ndng lao ddng cho ngfldi lao ddng dan tdc thieu sd nhd't la ddi vdi nidn tre, phai phfl hdp vdi cac nhdm dan tde trdn dia bdn, phu hdp vdi kha nang eua tflng ddi tfldng ngfldi lao ddng cac dan tpc thidu sd', di hp cd the ldm viec va phat huy tay nghl cac doanh nghiep, cae cd sd san xudt thich iing vdi ydu cau eua thi trfldng lao ddng Cd ehinh sach uu dai, ddc thfl dd khuyin khieh, thu hflt cac doanh nghidp, td ehfle kinh td' d i u tfl vao vflng ddng bao dan tde thieu sd de vfla gdp phan phdt trien kinh td vfla giai quylt vide ldm tai cho cho lao ddng ddng bao sau dfldc hpe nghl Doi mdi ehinh saeh hd trd xudt khau lao ddng cho eon em ngfldi dan tdc thieu sd ket hdp gifla hd trd kinh phi va dao tao, trang hi eac kiln thflc cd ban v l lao ddng tai nfldc ngoai Tang cfldng chuyen giao khoa hpc va edng nghe vao vung ddng bao dan tpe thieu sd, hfldng d i n ngfldi dan tilp can eae tidn hd ky thuat mdi dp dung vdo trdng trpt va chdn S693 {9-2Gl'-i;| 75 ... xudt vfla va nhd Ngoai ra, chfldng trinh ddo t^o nghl miln phf cho lao dpng ndng thdn td chflc d^y n g h l cho 7.626 lao ddng tai cho, dd tren 80% la lao ddng ngfldi dan tde thilu sd va lao ddng... phan phdt trien kinh td vfla giai quylt vide ldm tai cho cho lao ddng ddng bao sau dfldc hpe nghl Doi mdi ehinh saeh hd trd xudt khau lao ddng cho eon em ngfldi dan tdc thieu sd ket hdp gifla hd... nghifp gay khd k h a n cho vi$c dlio tao n g h l n g i n b a n g i n vfli nhu e l u cua ngfldi d i n Vide phan bd kinh phi dao tao n g h l cdn mang tinh binh quan, ddo tao nghe cho ddr^ bdo dan tpc