THAT NGHIEP g THANH NIEN VIET NAM VA NHUNG HE LUY TRINH THI KIM NGQC" Tdm tdt: That nghiep la tinh ttang nan giai cua nMlu nudc (!) Viet Nam tinh ttang moi sinh td dat nudc thyc hien chuyin dfli sang nin kinh te thj traong Mac du so voi the gidi, ty 11 thit nghiep d nudc ta ttong nhiing nam qua vin dang la sfl kha khiem tfln, nhung vin dl sinh tu tinh frang that nghiep cao d nifln dang cang gia tang Dae biet, ttong thdi diem dit nudc budc vao ca cau dan sfl vang, thi thit nghiep d nien thyc sy la mgt vin n£in xa hpi, la mpt thich thdc cua phat trien, Iam mit di cac co hgi dugc lim viec, cflng hiln va quyen dugc phat trien ciia nien, lam tfln thucmg tinh than va ttoi bugc nang lyc cua nhihig ngudi dang nufli nhieu khat vgng tgt dep cho Wong lai tuoi sang cua minh va ciia dat nudc Tic khda: That nghiep, nien, he luy ciia that nghiep Thit nghiep la gl? Khii niflm thit nghiep da dugc bin din tten thi gidi ttong suflt the ky XX Theo To chde Lao dflng Quflc te (ILO) "Thit nghiep li viee ngimg thu nhap khflng cd ning tim dupc mgt viec lim thich hpp trpng traflng hgp ngudi dd cp ning lira viee vi sin sang lim viec"*'' Ba muoi nam sau, ILO lai dua khii niflm vl "ngudi that nghiep" va khai nigra niy da dupc ddn nhan rpng rii d cflng dflng quflc tl; "Ngudi that nghigp bap gflra toin bg sfl ngudi d dp tupi lira vigc theo quy djnh ttpng thdi gian dilu tta, cd ning lira viec, nhung khflng cd vi?c lim v i vin dang di tim kilm vigc lira" Td djnh nghia trfln vl khai nipra thit nghiep vi rigdfli thit nghigp cda ILO, chdng ta thay ro bfln tieu ehi co bin dl xie dinh "ngudi thit nghiep" dd li: 1) Ngudi dO tofli lao dflng; 2) ngudi cd nang lao dpng; 3) dang khflng ed viee lam; vi 4) ngudi dd vin dang tieh cyc di tim viec lim Day li cie tieu ehi chung, mang tinb khii quit cao, da dugc nhilu chinh phu tin thinh ung hg vi liy lim ca sd dl van dyng xem xet khii nigra "ngudi thit nghiep" v i tinh ty le that nghiep tai quflc gia minh Trung Quflc ngudi thit nghiep dupe eoi la "Ngudi ttong dp tufli lap dpng, ce sdc lap dpng, rapng raufln tira viec nhung khflng cfl viec" O Phip, nguoi that nghiep edng dugc xic djnh"li nguci khflng cd viee lira, co ' ' Pho giao su, tien sT khoa hpc, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam '" Ghi Dilu 20, Cong uoc so 102 (n5m 1952) cua T6 chue Lao dpng Quoc tl (ILO) ve cac quy phgm an toan xa hpi 69 Tgp chi Khga hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, sd 7(80) -2014 dilu kien lim viec v i dang tieh cue tim ea hfli viee lim" Trong Luat Bip Mem thit nghiep d Cgng hda lien bang Due (1969), "Nguoi thit nghiep li ngydi lao dpng tam thdi khflng cd quan he lao dgng hoac ehi dupc thyc Men cflng viee ngan ban" Do cac dieu kien kinh tl - xa hpi (KT-XH) khic nhau, nen quan niflm vl nguei that nghiep ce the cen khic v i thyc te van dfl thit nghiep cdng duge cac chinh phu xem xet theo nhdng each khic Tuy nhien, quan dilm mang tinh khii quit eao cda ILO da gop phan dua rapt cii nhin tpan dien ve van nan thit nghiep nhu rapt trpng nhdng van de cda quyen ngudi trade nhu eiu vuon tdi mgt cupc sflng np du, CP ich, dugc dim bio an ninh thu nhap va khflng ngdng nang cao ning lyc phit trien eua mgi vien xi hpi, dd hp sflng d quflc gia nio Viet Nam, thuit ngd "that nghiep" da dugc de cap nhdng van kien quan trpng cda Ding v i Nha nude trpng suflt may ky dai hpi gan day, thi hien nhu rapt cinh bio xa hpi cic Chien luge phat triin KT - XH cie giai doan 2001- 2010 v i 2010 - 2020 Nara 2006, khai nigra "ngudi that nghiflp" d Viet Nara di dupe Mat hda v i trd rapt thuat ngu phip ly tai Khpin 4, Dilu cua Luat Bip hilm xa hpi (BHXH) la: "nguai dang dong bdo hiim that nghiep md bi mdt viec ldm hodc cham diet hap dong lao dgng, nhung chua tim dugc viec ldm" Nhu viy, Luat BHXH ehi tinh ngudi that nghiep phara vi nhimg lao dpng ddng BHXH bit bupe 70 thi d Viet Nam eac chi bio vfl "ngudi thit ngMep" se chi thi Men dugc mot phan lyc lugng lao dpng Men khflng co viec lim Vi vay, d Viet Nam khai niflm "ngudi khflng cd viec lim" va "nguoi that nghiep" lufln song song tin tai nhung khflng hoin toin trdng khdp vdi T h i t nghiep d nien tren toan cau Mae du khiing hoing kinh tl toin ciu duong nhu da qua, nhung that nghiflp nhu mpt he lyy cda nd van cen li mgt ttd ngai dai dang dfli vdi cic nin kinh tfl Theo Bio cio ve "Xu huong Viec lam Toin ciu cho Thanh nien 2013" cira ILO, dupe eong bo tai Geneva (Thyy sy) vio thing 5/2013, khiing hoing viec lam d nien toan ciu dang difln ttfln quy mfl ehua timg ed Tren the gioi, ' ty lfl nien khong cd viec lim cao hon gap lin so vdi lao dpng Ion tuoi, va cd 10 ngddi thit nghiflp thi cfl nguoi ttong so dd li nien Trong dd, tai Dflng Nam A v i Thii Binh Duong muc chflnh lech la 4,6 lan day li mue tfli tfl nhit tren thi gioi tir ttn'dc dfln Ty le thit nghiep d doi togng li nien toin eau tinh tdi thing 12 nam 2013 da len tdi mdc gan 12,7%, toong dng vdi gin 73,4 tri^u nien toan cau Wfli td 15 24 khong ed viec lim tflng so gan 200 trieu ngudi thit nghiflp tren tota cau Ty 16 niy edn duac dy bio co the se cdn tang len din 12,8% vio nSm 2018, lai ed them vii tri?u nifln tt6n lain ciu nua sS lai tilp tuc gia That nghiep d ihanh nien Viet Nam vd nhiing he Ivy nhip dpi quan bi mit viec lim ILO cdng nhan manh rang, mac du la lop nguoi duac dao tao ca bin v i cd nhiflu ky ning raim cin thilt cho cic loai hinh cong viec nin kinh te tti thdc, nhung nien vin dang la dfli togng chju tic dgng nismh nhat ta khung hoing kinh te toin eau, vi thi nguy ea mit viee lim cua hg cap gip ba lan sp voi nhiing ngudi lao dpng Ipn Wfli hon Nguy ca thit nghiflp nifln sfl gia tang d khap cic khu vuc tten the gidi, dac biet tai Li6n minh ehau Au (EU), Trung Dflng, Bac phi v i Tiy Nam A, noi ma ty le thit nghiep nien da ting vgt kl ta nam 2008 cho tdi vi chua cd diu hieu se thuyfln giim Dy bio, d Trung Dflng, ty lg that nghiflp ttong dfli Wong niy se ting den 30% ttang nam 2018 v i d Bic Phi sfl tang len 23,9% Nhu vay, nii rp td khung khoing kinh tl da tao nen "mgt the he bj dat ben lfl", bao gflm nhung nifln dupc dip t?o CO bin, nhung khong ed hi vpng ve nang lim viee dl ed thi ty tao cho minh mgt cuflc sflng 6n djnh, bfln vthig Nhit li, d cac nude dang phit ttiln "thi h? bj dat ben ll" niy li nhdng nien ngheo v i chinh hg da lim gia ting ty 1? ngheo ttfln thi gidi Theo ILO "Khi nifln d nhilu nude dang phit trifln vin tilp tyc lam vio einh dfli ngheo, thi hi vpng thoit ngheo v i nilra tin ve ragt dOng lye thue diy phit triin bdi nd lyc cua nien d cic nudc thu iihap thap vin dang cdn li vin di bl tie" ILO cung nh?n djnh ring, mdi budc vio thj tradng lao dflng, kinh nghigm vi ky ning cdn nMeu han ehe, nifln that nghiep thudng nhay cira hon dfli voi cic bifln dflng xa hgi v i su phyc hfli cua thj traong viec lira dii vdi nien thudng cd xu huong chim v i kho khin ban so voi nguoi traong Trong do, nguoi traong thinh thuong ed nang chju dung nhdng diiu kien s6ng khd khin (nhu: ddi kh6, lim viec eye nhgc ,) eao hon nifln Nflu khflng kjp thdi ed cae gdi tii ehinh hfl ttp viflc lira v i thu nhap eho nien, thi cugc sflng thieu thfln, bip bflnh cua hg se li nguyfln nhan tao nen nhieu te nan xa hpi m i khfl cd thi luong trade dupe nhtmg hau qui thep sau nd That nghiep o^ nien Viet Nam Nam 2013 li nim thd Viet Nara roi vio tinh trang tri trfl, phit trien dudi radc tilra ning Day cung la giai doan bit In kinh te vT rafl keo dii nhat d Viet Nara tinh td diu thap nien 1990 din Trong "bdc ttanh thit nghiep" dang diin trfln toan cau, Viet Nam cung khflng la ngoai IS Ty lfl thit nghiep d nien nudc ta thyc te da cao hon gap lin so voi ty lfl niy d nguoi tradng thinh (ta 25 Wfli trd len) Sfl lieu cda Tflng eye Thflng ke eho thiy, lye lygng lao dflng ta 15 Wfli trd len treng ci nude tai thdi dilm 01/7/2013 ude tinh khoing 53,3 trieu ngudi, tang 715.600 nguoi so vdi thdi dilm 01/7/2012 vi ting 308.000 ngudi so voi sfl lugng lao dgng tinh t?i thdi dilra 01/4/2013, dfl lao dpng nara ehilm 51,1%; lap dpng nd chiem 48,9% Ty le that nghipp d nien td 15 - 24 tufli cting lien tye gia ting, vdi 71 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, sd 7(80) -2014 5,07% (2011), 5,68% (2012) v i 6,15% ttpng sau thing day nim 2013; ttong khu vyc thinh thj 16n tdi 11,45% (cao hon bin so voi cdng ky eic nim 2011 v i 2012 vdi cie ty lfl Wong dng li 8,83% va 8,91%); khu vyc nflng thfln ty Ie nien khong ed viec lim li 4,41% Trong do, ty 16 thit ngMep cda ngydi tradng thinh (ta 25 W6i trd len) ttong say thing diu nam 2013 udc tinh chi khoang 1,34%, ttong do, khu vyc thinh thj li 2,55%, khu vyc nong thfln la 0,8% Ty lfl thit nghiep d nien Viet Nara hien dupc xie djnh cao xap xi vdi cac nude d khu vye Dflng Nam A vi Thii Binh Duong v i cdn cd xu hudng tilp tyc gia tang sin xuit kinh doanh nude gap khd khin Ty 16 that nghiep d nien tai khu •vyc thinh thj cae gip 4,5 lin ty le thit nghiep cda ngudi tradng thinh, v i nien dp Wfli ta 15 - 24 ttd nhdm thit nghiflp dflng nhit, ehilm tdi 59,2% ttong tflng sfl ngudi thit nghiep, cd thi Mflu li ban 14 lye lugng thit nghiep d Vigt Nam Trgng dd, nhdm din so ta 15 - 24 Wfli chi chiira 32,8% tong dan sfl ta 15 Wfli ttd Ifln cda ei nude'^' Nhdng sfl Ueu ttfln ehua tinh din mpt vin dfl dang tfln tai ttong viec lim d Vigt Nam la, khdng it nifln da phii chip nhan lim nhimg eong viee dpi hdi vl hpe vin v i ky ning thip hon trinh dp CO duge cua bin than vdi thu nhap cung thip hdn ning co thfl, dl tri mot cuflc sflng vdi chi tiflu de dat Trong do, tai Bao eio Kmh tl vT mo nam 2013 dp Uy ban Kinh tl cda 72 Qudc hgi cflng bo, Trang tam Phan tich va Dy bio thuflc Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam da dua nhiiu dir bio v i trien vpng thi traomg lao dpng giai doan 2013 - 2015 li, nhu ciu viec lim ttong nude tang khping 1,9% ttong nim 2013, 1,6% nam 2014 v i 1,5% nam 2015 Day li rapt thue te khifln nhdng ngudi quan tam din cie vin di xa hOi can phii suy nghT Tuy nhifln, bin vi van dfl thit nghiep d nien Viflt Nam, Men dang tin tai Mflng y kiln khic Thic nhdt, vdi dac thd cda mpt nin kinh t l cd tdi tren 20% GDP ta nong nghiep, vdi 68% dan sd lim nghi nflng v i cdn cd tdi '/< lyc lugng lao dpng dang edn ed viee t£ii khu •vye phi chinh thdc, thi du ty le that nghiep d nifln co tang cao cung khdng ed y nghia gi nhilu d nudc ta Bdi sau mpt thdi gian rait viee, khdng ed thu nhap, sfl nifln thit nghiflp se rdi bd thj ttuong lao dpng v i ttd ve que lira viec d khu vyc nflng nghiep hoac lim viec nhi Mgt thye tfl li, nd nifln gjp nhilu kho khan ban tira viee lira so vdi nam nifln; nim 2012, ti lfl thit nghi?p eua nifln nu li 8,3%, tj 16 niy d nara chi li 5,9% Nlu cic nien nd khong ed viec lim, hp nhanh ehong ttd vfl nhi gidp vifc gia dinh, nSn ty 16 thit nghiep d nd du cao ciing Theo CAFEF, Bdo cdo tdi chinh kinh ti Viit Nam thdng 2013, tr.5; Nguyin ThSng va Phgni Minh Thai, Bdo cdo tgi Diin ddn Kinh te Mm Thu 2013 diin tai Tp.Hul vao thang 10 Thdt nghiep d Ihanh nien Vi^t Nam vd nhiing k4 Ivy khflng ding IP ngai*^' Hon nda, ttong nhieu traong hgp dl giim thilu tic dpng tieu eye cda lam phit v i thdc diy ting traong, cd thi eho phep dinh dfli bing viee gia tang ttong ehimg mde cd thi ty lfl thit nghiep ttong thi traong lao dgng LuSng y kien •vua duac dua da nhin dupc sy phin dng ma'nh me cda cac nhi nghifln edu v i hpat dpng x i hfli Thic hai, ty le that nghiep d nien Viflt Nara dang cdn thip hon so voi thfl gidi bdi cdn ed nhieu viec lara d khu vyc nflng nghiflp va nhtmg viec lira ty tao d khu virg phi chinh thdc, nhung nhdng chi bao thit nghiep ehi li "phan nfli cua ting bang chira" vdi bilt bao vin di KT-XH dang cdn phii lira ro "phin chim" chua ro quy mo va tic dpng eong phi cda nd Nhieu nghifln cdu cua cie hpc gii quflc tfl di khing djnh, nhdng he lyy eo nguyen nhan td vin nan thit nghiflp d men khflng chi tie dOng khflng mong mufln tdi nfln kinh tl ndi ehung v i thu nhap eho cie gia dinh ndi rieng; thit nghiep d nifln li mot cinh bio xa hpi cip thilt dfli vdi sy 6n djnh cda cpng dflng vi phat ttiln bin vung cda dat nude, rai nhttng nhi nghien cuu xa hfli vi van dpng chinh sich khflng nen bd qua dflng khflng mong raufln ttd lai dfli vdi phat triin KT - XH Vi vay, phan tich ro tic dflng qua lai gitta cie yflu to KT XH dfli voi hien Wong that nghipp, nhit li thit ngMep d nifln, lim ro nhitng he My cua hien togng dd li viec lim ein thiflt 4.L Thai nghiep dr ihanh niin lam gidm tdng trudtng kinh te vd gia tang Igm phat Ty 16 that nghiep eao giy tfln hai eho nen kinh tl, tflng sin phim quflc ngi (GDP) thap v i ngufln lyc ve eon ngudi khflng dugc sd dyng Dae biet li, thit nghiep d nifln gia tang ed nghTa la mpt lye lupng lap dpng xa hpi tiim nang nhat khflng dupe huy dgng vao hoat dflng kinh tl tang Ifln Day li sy lang phi lao dpng xa hpi ghS gom, ttong ngan sich nhi nudc ndi ehung vi ngufln tii ehinh cda cic gia dinh ndi rieng dang rit eo hep Td tinh toin thye te cda eae ehuyfln gia xa hpi hpc cho thay, ci xem xflt cic doanh nghiep nhfl vi siflu nhd, ehi cin mfli doanh nghiep cd td dfln 10 lao dgng, vii ttam ngin doanh nghigp ddng cda nhu d nudc ta, thi so ngudi mat viec ed thi Ifln din ci trieu ngudi Nlu thu nhip binh quin tai eic doanh nghiep mdc trigu NhOng hf luy tir that nghifp o- dflng/ngudi/thing thi sfl thu nhap cua ngudi lao dgng mit di cua ci trifu lao niSn dgng sS li 3.000 ty dflng/thing (Wcmg Thit nghiep li mOt Men togng KT duong mdc 150 trigu USD) Dac bigt, XH, xuit hien dudi tic dpng cda nhieu ylu tfl hpp thinh, ttong ed nhdng yeu to •vda li nguyfln nhin •vua li he qui '^' Ngpc Tuyen Ty I? thdt nghiep khdng cd Theo chiiu ngupc l?i, thit nghiep, nhat nhiiu y nghia d Viet Nam, Bao Vnexxpress, li thit nghigp d nien, lufln cd tie 22/11/2013 73 Tgp chi Khoa hgcxa hdi Viet Nam, sd 7(80) -2014 thit ngMep xiy ra, cua cii vit chat khong nhihig khflng tang thflra rai cing cing tiflu hao them nda, thiet hai "eon bao" that nghiep rat Ion, cd th6 Ifln tdi hing ty USD mfli nam eho mfli quflc gia d Viet Nam dudi tic dflng eua khung hoing kinh te the gidi, hing ttim ngin doanh nghiep vda v i nhd bupe phii ddng cda hoac giii thi Theo cflng bfl cua Phdng Thuong mai v i Cdng nghiflp Viet Nam (VCCI), tinh den ngiy 01/4/2012 Viet Nam ehi cdn 312.600 doanh nghiep dang boat dpng tflng sfl tten 694.000 doanh nghiep da thinh lap, tac li da ed tdi 382.000 doanh nghiep nudc ta phii ddng cda va ngimg ho?t dgng thdi gian vda qua''" Vi mfli doanh nghiep ddng eua khflng chi eo hay ngudi mit viee, m i ci hing tram, thira chi nhiflu doanh nghiep cd hing ngin cflng nhin Thanh nifln li nhdra dan sfl ddng vai ttd quan trgng xet vfl gdc dp kinh te: hg vda li dpng lye eho sin xuit, vda li dpng lyc chp tieu dung Diflu dp ed nghTa li thit nghiflp d nifln se gin lien vdi khung hoing d ei hai chilu sin xuit v i tieu dung eua nin kinh tl Thanh nifln luon cd nhu eau tieu dung eao, ttong khflng cd viee lira (tde li khflng cd thu nhip) at se din den nhtrng eang thing cugc sflng Thanh nifln li nhdng ngudi ning dpng, ludn tim tdi vi lufln cd khit vpng dugc thi Men v i eong hien, nlu bj "khdng ehi" bdi nhdng chinh sach viec lira chda phd hpp thi cd the gay xung dot xa hpi Nhu vay, tinh ttang thit nghiep d 74 nifln l i mpt van dfl KT - XH nan giii, ein phii giii quylt sorm, nhit li tinh hinh KT - XH da ed nhieu thay dfli 4.2 Thit nghiep & nien inh hudng trtfc tiip Sen thu nhgp vd tcA sdng cua ngu&i lao Song cUng nhu gia Sinh hp, Song thdi tgo nen nhttng gdnh ngng cho an sinh xa hgi va nin kinh te Ngudi lao dpng bj thit nghiflp, tdc se mat viee lim v i ngufln thu nhap thuflrng xuyfln nuoi sflng hp v i ei gia dinh Do de, cupc sflng cua bin than ngudi lao dflng v i gia dinh hp at sfl ttd nen kho khin hem Eo hep vl tii chinh, nhieu nhu can thiet yflu eua gia dinh sfl bj cit giim; mpt sfl dieu kien hpc tap cua cii ngudi lao dpng cung sS khflng dupc dip dng; khong Mflm traong hgp m^t vii em ttpng gia dinh phii nghi hgc de di lim giup cha me Dac bigt ngudi thit nghiep li nien, nhu ciu hpc tap, tu dio tjo lai di chuyin dfli nghe nghiep li rit Ion Tuy nhifln, khfl khan ve tii ehinh da thu ti6u cic co h^i hpc tap eua nifln de hp c6 thi nhanh chdng trd lai thj h'yomg lao dpng Cd the ndi, thit nghiep d i "dfln" nifln, nhdng ngudi sin sing rapt cugc sflng lao dgng sang tao, din sy bin cdng, chin nin v i bat lyc trade cugc sflng Mit viec lim v i thu nhap li mit *' Bao cao thucmg nien doanh nghipp Vipt Nam nam 2012 ciia Phong Thucfng mai va Cong nghiep Vipt Nam (VCCI) 18/4/2013 dS cong bo, neu thycttgngquy mo doanh nghipp dang teo top, so lugng doanh nghipp phi san gia tang den chong mat Thdt nghiep a nien Viet Nam vd nhiing he luy CO hgi phit trien, to sy mat ty tin v i nghiep cua nhi nude.Viec lim v i thu eung bj suy giim niem tin, nien nhap cda ni6n khflng 6n dinh se li thit nghiep thyflmg dl ding din voi nguyen nhan hang dau din dfln sy lyc nhdng sai phara ding tiic due, bit fln ttong gia dinh, thira chi din That nghiep lufln li ragt noi lo Ion ddi den nan bao hinh gia dinh v i cgng dflng voi cic nen kinh tfl, nhat li d cac nude rai khflng raong raufln Ngoii ra, thit dang phit trien vdi he thflng an sinh xa nghiep d nifln da keo theo nhdng hpi chua hpin thien nhu nudc ta BChi khd khan ve tii chinh, diy li dieu kien that nghiep gia tang, ehinh phd cic nudc phit sinh nhdng te nan nhu ttgm cap, cd dang phii ed nhdng "gdi cdu ttg" khin bac, nghien hdt, mai dira Tfl nan xa cip dl giai edu nfln kinh tl v i phai chi hfli nhu vay ed the se gia tang nflu nhu mpt khoin tiin khflng 16 dfl trg cap thit tinh ttang that nghiep cda nifln bi nghiep, gidp cho ngudi lao dgng qua keo dii, bfli d vio thfl "nhin eu vi bat nguy khfln vfl kinh t6 N6n kinh te thien" thi nhdng hinh dflng cda gidi tte von da tri trfl lai phii chju thflra nhiing la rat khd Mong ginh nang cic gdi ttp gii eho tieu That nghiep gia tang d nien ddng, hfl trg ngddi thit nghiflp tira kilm cung 14 nguy ca keo theo sy bit fln eho viee lim Do vay, thit nghiep trd thinh trit ty an toin xa hpi Trong tira ly chin mgt thich thdc to Ion eho an sinh xa hpi chuong, bl tic, niflm tin cua lop ngudi vi sy phit triin ben vdng cda rapt nen lao dpng tte dfli vdi ehinh quyen cung bj kinh tl Tuy nhien, diy chi la gdi hfl trg suy giira theo Tim trang ed thi sfl li ngin hjn, tara thdi chp ngudi thit nguyen nhan din den nhtlng bifln dpng nghifp ehua tim dupe viee lira, vdi xi hpi khic khd luong, ke ci biin dpng diiu kien ngudi lao dpng trade dd ty ve chinh trj De li nhtmg bii hpc thyc te nguygn ddng bao hilm thit nghiflp Bdi dang diin d nhieu quflc gia hifln khflng cd ragt nin kinh te nao cd the tra dudi tic dflng cda khung being kinh te luong thit nghiflp liu dii v i thudng 4.4 Thdt nghiep & nien ldm xuyfln cho ngudi lap dpng suy giam su'c khde thi chat vd Iam gia 4.3 Thit nghifp & nien gia tdng cdc nguy cff benh t&t cda lice tang id Siiu kiSn phdt sinh cdc tS ngn luffng lao Spng xd hdi That nghiflp keo theo tfln thit vi thu xa hdi, anh hudng Sin trgt ttf, an toan nhap, td dd li giira ngufln dinh duBng cUa cpng Song Thit nghigp d nifln li vin de ddi vdi CO the v i gia ting tam ly bat an khflng chi cua rapt thi he, rai li vin di Vi the, that nghiflp lim suy giim sde cua ci cpng dflng, hing trigu khfle cua ngudi lao dpng tre Cic nien khflng cd vigc lira heic thieu vigc ehuyfln gia ve sde khee tim than chp lim, hg l£ii phii trd v i seng phu thupe bilt, hign nay, sfl ngudi tre phii nhap vip eha mg, gia dinh v i sy trp cip thit vign khdng hoing tim ly ngiy cing 75 Tgp chi Khaa hfc xa hgi Viet Nam, so 7(80) - 2014 cMflm ty le eao Trong sfl cie benh nhan Bp Lao dpng, Thuong binh va Xa hpi, Vdn bi tara than phii vio Vien Sde khde tam de thdt nghiep vd khdi niem ngudi thdt nghidp than Quflc gia, Benh vien Bach Mai dieu Theo http://www.molisa.gov.vn/news/ detail/fabid/ tii, cd toi 47% l i nguoi tre tofli (dudi 30 75/newsid/53837/languagB'vi-VN/ Defiiuit.aspx?seo Wfli) Cdn ttong diiu kien binh thudng, =Van-de-that-nghiep-va-khai-niem-%E2%80%9C ty lfl ngudi mae cic bflnh tam thin Viet nguoi-that-nghiep%E2% 80%9D Nam chiem khoing 1% Tuy nhifln, Christine Legrand, Le Chomage, une ttong giai doan thit nghiep d nguoi tte epreuve pour toute la famille', dang frong bao tudi tang cao vda qua, ty le niy ttd nen Croix,21/ll/2012,fr.I3-14 cao dgt bifln ttfln c i nudc Hien togng Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn niy dae biet eao d dfli togng la eic chd kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu tgdn qudc ldn thiiXl, Nxb doanh nghiep tte Wfli, nhthig nguoi lim Chinh fri quflc gia Ha Npi viec cic ITnh •vuc kinh doanh v i nhdng cd nhan dai hgc liu nim khong tim dygc viec lim Ket luan Thit nghigp li hien Wang K T - X H nan giai, l i mgt thich thdc Icjn sy Nguyen Thang va Phgm Minh Thai, Bdo cdg tgi Diin ddn Kinh ti Mua Thu 2013 dien tai Tp.Hul vao thang 10 Mgc v a n Tiin (2005), An sinh xa hgi vdphdt trien ngudn nhdn luc, Nxb Lao dpng XahSi phit ttien eua mfli quflc gia, nd thuong Mgc Van Tiin (2010), An sinh xa hpi va tic dgng dflng thdi din nhilu raat eua Phuc Ipi xa hpi - cac each tilp can ly thuylt va ddi sflng xa hgi Vi vay, giii quylt tmh thuc tien, Tgp chi Bda hiim xd hgi trang thit nghiep khong phii la viec lira "rapt sdra, mpt chilu", v i khflng chi Trinh Thi Kim Ngpc (2012), Bdo cdo thudng nien: Mgt sd vdn di vi quyin an sinh xa bang mgt chinh sach hay mgt bifln phip, hgi ciig ngudi lag dgng Viet Nam vi mi/c lieu mi phii dupe thye hien ding bp e i he phdt trien nguai giai dogn 2011-2012, Vipn thflng eic giii phap phat ttiln tiin Nghien cuu Con Nguoi, Vipn Han lam Khoa ttinh thyc thi chifln lupc tflng thi eua hpc xa hpi Vipt Ngm mgt quflc gia Thit nghiep d nifln Viet Nam phii dupc cpi la rapt vin dfl cap thiflt, dang ddi hdi nhung quylt sach dung din eua Chinh phu v l giao dye dio tao, lao dflng - viee lim Nguyen Minh Thuylt, "That nghidp nhieu qua - Cai chet dugc bao tmdc ", Bao Ddn Tri, 14/4/2013 10 Eurostat News release, Euroindicators, 31/1/2012 11 Nhieu cir nhdn dgi hgc nhgp vi^n tdm Tai lipu tham khdo thdn vi khong xin dugc viec, Bao Giag dye Viet Anthony Terrade, That nghiep, mdi dau Nam, 23/3/2012 http://giaoduc.net.vn/ ddu cua khu vuc ddng Euro, Vipt Bao, Cap nhgt Giao-duc-24h/Nhieu-cu-nhan-dai-hoc-nhap-vien- 11/04/2012, (Tiing Anh theo The Times) tam-than-vi-khong-xin-duoc-viec-post45691 gd 76 ... nim 2013, 1,6% nam 2014 v i 1,5% nam 2015 Day li rapt thue te khifln nhdng ngudi quan tam din cie vin di xa hOi can phii suy nghT Tuy nhifln, bin vi van dfl thit nghiep d nien Viflt Nam, Men dang... viec lim v i thu nhap li mit *'' Bao cao thucmg nien doanh nghipp Vipt Nam nam 2012 ciia Phong Thucfng mai va Cong nghiep Vipt Nam (VCCI) 18/4/2013 dS cong bo, neu thycttgngquy mo doanh nghipp dang... gidi, dac biet tai Li6n minh ehau Au (EU), Trung Dflng, Bac phi v i Tiy Nam A, noi ma ty le thit nghiep nien da ting vgt kl ta nam 2008 cho tdi vi chua cd diu hieu se thuyfln giim Dy bio, d Trung