Độ tin cậy của thang đồng cảm toronto trên mẫu trẻ vị thành niên việt nam

OO TIN CAY CUA THANG DONG CAM TORONTO TREN MAU TRE Vj THANH NIEN VIET NAM '^1 Bai vi^t la mot phan ket qua nghien ciJru d i tai cap co sd 2016: Thich nghi ban _ _ thang dong cam Toronto tren tioc sinh lira tuoi 13 den 17 Vi§n TSm Iy hoc chu tri, TS Dd Thi l e Hang lam chu nhi§m PGS.TS Phan Thi Mai Huong TS Do Thi Le Hang I ien Tdm Iv hoc TOM T.AT \);hien cim duac thuc hien nhdm xdc dinh mpt so ddc diem tdm trdc ctia thang Ddng cdm Toronto tren mdu Ire vi ihdnh nien I 'iel Nam Hai nghien cuu dd duac lien hdnh Xghien ciru thir nhdl duac ihuc hien vdi 1.033 hpc sinh lir Idp ' den 12 lai Hd Xoi vd Ihdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (46% nam), ludi trung binh 14.68, de phdn lich item, xdc dinh dp tin cdy Alpha cita Cronbach vd lin cay phdn ddi ciia ihang Nghien ciru thu hai dupe thuc hien vdi 77 hpc sinh lap 10 ihdnh phd Hue Irong hai Idn each ludn de tim hiiu dp tin cdy tesl-relesl cua lhang Kel qud cho thdy, item cua thang khdng ddp img cdc yeu can re dp lin cay nen hi logi bo khoi lhang ( (if item cdn Igi cd dp lin cay luang ddi cao dam hao lieu chudn ve dp lin cijy Irong ludng cua thang ndy Tir khoa: Thich nghi lhang do; Ddng cdm: Thang Ddng cdm Toronto: Dp lin cdy: Alpha ciia Cronbach: Dp lin cc'iy phdn ddi: Te.tl-relesI: Vi ihdnh nien Xgdy nhgn hdi: 17/10/2016; Xgdy duvet ddng hdi: 25/11/2016 Mddau Dong cam va cau trdc eda ddng cdm Ddng cam ddng vai trd rat quan ttpng ddi sdng xa hdi cua ngudi Nhd ed ddng cam ma ngudi cam nhan, higu dugc cam xuc cua ngudi khae va cd kha nang dap lai mdt each thich hgp vdi trang thai cam xuc cua ngudi khae Quan h^ giira ngudi vdi ngudi trgn co sd dd ma dugc tri va phat trign sy luong lac qua lai vdi Ddng cam cung la mdt nhiing khia canh ma cae cdng cu ludng tti me cam xuc dg cap dgn (Bar-On, 2006; Golcman, 38 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213) 12-2016 2009; Pettides, 2010 ) Tuy vay nhimg dinh nghTa mang linh khoa hpc ve ddng cam lai kha da dang Balson (2009) tdng hgp tam dinh nghTa \g ddng cam dang dugc sir dung hien nay, ttong dd cd djnh nghTa dugc ap dung phd bign Dinh nghTa thir nhat lign quan den sy higu biet than hieu \g trang thai ndi tam cua ngudi khae va dugc gpi la sy ddng cam mang tinh nhan thiic Ddng cam mang linh nhan ihurc dugc djnh nghTa la kha nang ITnh hpi dugc cam xuc ca nhan cua ngudi khae, higu dugc cam xuc dd va cac su\ nghT cua hp Cdn djnh nghTa thir hai dg cap dgn cam giac "cung cam xuc ma ngudi khae cam thay", gidng nhu lay lan cam xuc, dugc gpi la sy ddng cam mang linh cam xiic Ddng cam mang linh cam xuc la mdt qua trinh higu nhimg cam xuc cUa ca nhan khae dap lai va chia se nhiing cam xuc dd Mac du ca hai chigu canh nhan thiic va cam xiic dgu phan anh sy ddng cam nhung lit nhiing gdc dp khae Chieu canh cam xuc cua ddng cam dugc cho la phan iing thich hgp cua mdt ngudi vdi nhihig trai nghiem cam xuc ciia ngudi khae Vi du ddng cam vdi mdt ngudi dang dau khd ngudi ta cd thg cam thay ndi dau ddn ciia ngutri dd, thuong xdt hp, \ i thg ddi xii nhe nhang va than vdi hp dg lam dju bdt noi dau ciia hp Dd nhu la mdt phan img vdi sy dau khd ciia ngudi khae Tuy nhign, thyc lg la mdt nguori cd cam xuc mong ly nhu cua ngudi khae khdng phu thudc vao sy higu bigt \e \ice tai ngudi dd dau khd va dau khd nhu thg nao, hau qua se din dgn dau Ngugc lai, chigu canh nhan thirc ciia ddng cam hudng dgn suy nghT \a hieu bigt Nd la mdt qua trinh dya ttgn nhan thirc Trong chigu canh na>' mdt ngudi ddng cam la mpt ngudi higu tinh hinh hoac nhiing cam xuc va y nghT cua ngudi khae (Spreng \a cdng sy 2009) Mdt each dg higu phuong dien nhan thiic cua ddng cam la higu dugc nhiing gi ngudi khae cam thay Cdn khia canh cam xuc cua ddng cam la cam lha> dugc nhimg gi ngudi khae cam thay Do ludng dong cdm Cimg vdi nhigu each higu vg ddng cam thi nhigu lhang ludng ddng cam cung ddi dg cac chigu canh khae Trong cac kgt qua dugc cdng bd vg ddng cam, mpt sd nha nghign eiiu nhan manh phuong dien nhan thirc (Gallup \a Platek, 2002) nhiing ngudi khae nhin manh khia canh cam xuc (Mehrabian \a Epstein 1972) Tuy nhign hau hgt dgu ddng y ring, ddng cam bao gdm ca phan nhan thiic \a cam xuc (Pecukonis 1990; Shamay-Tsoory va cpng sy 2004; Dadds va cdng sy, 2008) Cd thg dg dang tim thay nhiing lhang ddng cam ciia cac tac gia nhu: Hogan 1969; Mehrabian va Epstein, 1972; Davis 1980, 1983; Elliott va cpng sy, 1982; Caruso va Mayer, 1998; Lawrence, 2004; Wakabayashi va cpng sy, 2006; Muncia- va Ling, 2006; JoIlifTe \ a Farrington, 2006; Dadds va cdng sy, 2008 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213) 12-2016 39 Vi du thang ddng cam cua Hogan (IIHS) gdm cd 64 item, lhang gdm nhan td: Cai ldi xa hdi - Ldng tin (Social Self- Confidence); Tinh dn hda; Tinh nha\ cam; Khdng xu thdi Thang ludng ddng cam cam xiic danh cho ire vi nien \a ngudi Idn cUa cae lac gia Caruso \a Mayer (1998) dugc thigt kg de ddng cam viVi cau tnic gdm nhan thirc \a cam xuc my nhign, ygu td cam xiic cua ddng cam dugc lap ttung nghign cim nhieu hon Thang gdm 30 item, vdi tigu lhang do: (1) Dau khd mang linh ddng cam (Empalhic Suffering); (2) Chia se tich eye (Positi\c sharing): (3) Dg xiic ddng (Responsive crj'ing); (4) Chu y cam xuc (Emotional attention); (5) cam nhan cho ngudi khae (Feeling for other) va (6) l.a>' Ian cam xuc (limotional contagion) Thang ddng cam co ban (Basic f-.mpathy Scale BES) ciia JolIilTe va Farrington (2006) gdm 20 item vdi thang digm Likert bac, tir rat khdng ddng y dgn rat ddng y Qua trinh phat trign lhang ciia cac tac gia da chi rang ddng cam cd phan chinh la ddng cam cam xiic va ddng cam nhan Ihiic Mdt sd vi du trgn cho thay tinh da dang vg cau true ciia cac thang ddng cam Lich sir phat trien cac loai thang lir trude cho tdi ciing thay nhu cau sii dung lhang ddng cam cdng tac nghign ciru va iing I trgn the gidi ludn phat trign ' Thang Dong cdm Toronto Thang Ddng cam Toronto (Toronto Empathy Questionnaire - TEQ) dugc xay dyng bdi Spreng \a cac cdng sy nam 2009 dg ludng ddng cam d ngudi ndi chung Trong qua trinh xa> dyng TEQ, cac nha nghien ciiu da danh ^ ddng cam nhu mdt qua trinh cam xuc, vi the lhang coi ddng cam la mdt cdng cu phan anh mdt qua trinh nhit, trai ngugc vdi cac lhang tuong ty cho rang, ddng cam gdm hai phin ddc lap la nhan thirc va cam xuc T EQ la kgt qua cua qua trinh nghign cuu, dugc rut tir 142 menh dg (item) vdn dugc tdng hirp lit nhirng cdng eu danh gia vg ddng cam ciia cac lac gia khae jSpreng, 2009) Day la lhang ngin ggn, chi gdm 16 item, dugc diing dg ddng cam chung ma khdng chia cac chigu canh, vdi muc dich lam giam sy khae bicl giiia cac lhang hien thdi vg ddng cam (Toran va cdng sy, 2012) I TEQ da dugc thich nghi tren miu sinh vign Thd NhT Ky (Tolan va cdng sy, 2012) cd dp lin cay Alpha = 0.79 va dp hieu lye kha cao Trong qua trinh thich nghi, item cua TEQ da bj loai bd khdi phign ban tigng Thd TEQ cung dugc thich nghi vdi ban tigng Phap (Leiorain va cdng sy, 2013), dp lin cay = 0,71 va chi cd I chigu canh _ Thang luomg ddi ngin gpn, dl thyc hien va dugc sir dung nhigu nghign cim khae cd lign quan dgn ddng cam Nghien ciru dugc 40 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213), 12-2016 ^ thyc hien nhim tra ldi cau hdi, lieu thang du ticu ehuan \c tin ca> sir dung dg nghign cim nhflmg van dg cd lien quan ttdn mau tre \\ nign Viet Nam hay khdng? Phirorng phap nghien ciru Mau nghien ciru Mau nghign ciiu thii nhat gdm 1.033 hpc sinh lir Idp dgn ldp 12 tai Ha Ndi va phd Hd Chi Minh, ludi trung binh la 14.68 (dp lech chuin 1.6 tudi), dd cd 46% la nam Day la mau thuan lien duge chpn theo cum, gdm loan bd hpc sinh cac Idp hgc tham gia nghign eiiu Cac em dugc phat bang hdi hudng dan each tra ldi Thdi gian tta ldi bang hdi khoang 15 - 20 phut Mau nghign cim thii hai gdm 77 hgc sinh ldp 10, dd cd 32.5% nam, la hpc sinh eua Icip tai mdt trudng cua phd Hug Mdi em tra ldi bang hdi Ian, each I luan Cong eu nghien ciru Thang Ddng cdm Toronto: TEQ gdm 16 item, dd cd menh dg mang ndi dung duong tinh va menh dg mang ndi dung am tinh Thang sir dung lhang digm l.ikcrl bac lir I den thg hien tan suat xuat hien cac trai nghiem, dd I la "Khdng bao gid" dgn la "Ludn ludn" Phan tich thong ke Trong nghign cim nay, mdt sd phep phan tich thdng kg sau day da dugc sii dung dg tinh loan dp tin cay ciia lhang Ddng cam Toronto He so tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach dugc tinh toan phan tich dp tin cay cua lhang d long thg va d cac nhdm khae He sd Alpha duge chap nhan la tir 0,7 trd Ign Ngoai ra, he sd luomg quan hieu chinh giita liem vdi thang item bj loai bd (Corrected corrclalion item - total) cung dugc sOr dung nhu mdt tigu ehuan bd sung dg xac djnh gia tri ciia timg item He sd tuong quan Pearson eiia timg item \di tdng digm cua thang dugc su dung phan lich item dg phan tich dp tin ca>' timg item thang (item-total anh sis) Ic sd tuong quan dugc chap nhan la tir 0,3 ttd Ign He sd tuong quan Pearson giira hai nira cua thang (dugc phan chia theo sd thit ly chin \a le) dugc dung dc phan tich lin cay phan ddi Bgn c?nh dd hg sd phan ddi Guitman va he sd phan ddi Spearman-Brown dugc sit dung bd sung dg danh gia tdt hon loai he sd lin ca\ He sd luomg quan Pearson giiia digm tdng thang Ddng cam Toronto eua hai lan thyc hien lhang dugc tinh loan de xac djnh he sd lin ca\ lest-retest TAPCHlTAMiynOC, Sdl2(2l3), 12-2016 41 Ngoai ra, thdng kg md ta ciing dugc su dung vdi cac thdng sd thdng ke: digm trung binh digm trung \ i, dp lech ehuan va cac chi sd ciia phan bd diem nhu dp nghigng va dp nhpn ciia phan bd dg md ta digm ciia lhang trgn mau hpc sinh ludi vj nign d nude la Tit ca cac phan tich thdng kg trgn duge tinh loan vdi img dung SPSS Ket qua nghien ciru Phan tich item Phan lich item phan anh sy dn dinh bgn thang Nd dugc linh loan dya trgn mong quan ciia timg thang vdi loan bp thang Phuong phap dugc xay dyng dya ttdn nguygn Iy: bdi lhang dugc thigt kg dg mdt d|c linh nao dd ngn mpi item cua nd cung phai ciing dac tinh dd Khi cac item eiia lhang dgu cd mong quan manh vdi loan bd lhang do, digu dd cd nghTa la lhang cd dp dn dinh cao hay dp lin cay cao Khi lhang cd nhigu item mong quan yeu vdi tdng digm, digu dd cd nghTa la lhang cd dp on djnh thap va dp lin cay thip Tit ca cac item cd he sd tuong quan vdi tdng digm nhd hon 0,3 deu duge xem xet lai bdi chung thigu dn dinh va lam giam dp tin cay ciia thang Phan tich item cho bigt gia tri eiia timg item thang Kgt qua phan tich item-total dugc hign thj d bang dudi day Bdng I: He sd tuong quan giira item vai tdng diem cua thang Cac item Tvongquan item-total Khi dang cam thay phan khich, toi co xu hudng cung phan khich theo 0,387" Bat hanh cua ngudi khae khong lam phien nhieu den toi (*) 0,397" Tdi cam thay budn thay bj doi xur thieu ton trpng 0,500" Ngudi d c^nh toi dang hanh phue hay khong cung khong anh hudng gi den toi(•) 0,490" Toi thich lam cho ngudi khae cam thay t6t hom 0,550" Tdi CO cam giac nhe nhang quan tam den nhftng ngudi kem may mSn hon toi 0,523" Khi mpt ngudi ban bat dau noi ve van de ciia minh, toi cd g&ng lai cau chuy?n sang hudng khae (*) 0,282" Toi cd the noi chuyen ngirdi khae buon, ca hp khdng ndi bat cu dieu gi 0,002 Toi thay rang tdi "ddng dieu" vdi tam trang ciia ngudi khae 42 0,418" TAPCHfTAMlyHOC, 56 12(213), 12-2016 10 Toi khdng cam thSy sir cam thdng vdi nhOng ngudi tir gay cac benh nghiem trpng cho chinh ho (*) 0.345 11 Tdi cam thiy khong yen/bj kich dpng co dd khoc (*) 0,556 12 Tdi khdng thuc sir quan tam den viec ngudi khae cam thay nhu the nao (*) 0,498' 13 Khi nhin thay dang kho chju, dieu dd thiic giuc tdi phai giiip hp 0,517 14 Khi thay dd bi doi xir bat cdng tdi khong cam tha\ su thiromg hai doi vdi hp (*) _^_ 0.451 15 Toi thay vige mpi ngirdi khoc vi hanh phiic that la ngd ngan (*) 0,465 16 Khi nhin thSy mpt bi lai dung, tdi cam thay phai bao \ c hp theo mot each nao dd Ghi chu: (*): Cdc Hem nghich ddo: Miicy nghTa: *:p< 0.05: **; p < 0.01 0,526 Kgt qua phan lich item cho thiy cd item cd he sd mong quan < 0,3 vdi digm tdng cua lhang Dd la item sd va Day la nhimg item khdng lot, the hien su khdng dn djnh nhat sd cac item cua lhang Ddng cam trgn mau trg vj nign Viet Nam Do tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach Day la dp lin cay danh gia sy dn dinh bgn ciia thang Nd dugc tinh loan dya trgn luong quan ciia timg item vdi tdng ciia cac item cdn lai ciia lhang Kgt qua phan tich cho thay lin ca\ cua lhang = 0,74 Tuy he sd vugt mirc chip nhan dugc nhung xem xet tuong quan ciia timg item vdi tdng cac item khae ciia thang thi thiy cd item cd he sd tuomg quan (dudi 0,25) gdm item sd 7, va 10 Dd la nhiing item khdng tdt, cd thg can dugc loai bd khdi thang dg lam tang dp tin cay eua nd Digm dang luu y day dgu la nhiing item nghjch dao (trir item sd 8) Dp lin cay Alpha cua Cronbach cua lhang Ddng cam Toronto vdi day du 16 item va loai bd item trgn dugc hign thi d bang dudi day Sau loai bd item thi tin cay cua thang tang Ign 0.76, tuomg quan cua timg item vdi ldng cae item khae ciia thang dgu ldn hom 0,3 DOr lieu vg he sd lin cay Alpha d bang cho thay, he sd dgu lit 0,7 trd Ign, phan anh sy luomg ddi dn djnh cua lhang d tat ca cae nhdm gidi tinh va lua tudi duge xem xet He sd tin cay dao ddng lit 0,70 dgn 0,79, dd, khdi Idp va ldp 11 cho kel qua vg he sd lin cay thap nhat chi dat 0,70 va 0,72 luong irng, cdn ldp va ldp cho kgt qua cao nhat, dat 0,77 va 0,79 tuong ling Sy chgnh lech khdng phan anh quy luat he sd lin cay tang hay giam theo lira tudi ma cd thg luong ddi ngau nhign TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213), 12-2016 43 Bdng 2: Dp tin cdy Alpha ciia Cronbach cua thang Ddng cdm Toronto a cdc nhdm Gidi tinh Khoi Idp Alpha ciia Cronbach 16 item Alpha ciia Cronbach 12 item Nam 0,73 0.75 NCr 0,74 0,76 Ldp 0,72 0,77 Ldp 0,71 0,70 0,79 Ldp9 0,77 Ldp 10 0,74 0,75 Ldp 11 0,70 0,72 Ldp 12 Tong 0,77 0,76 0,74 0,76 Do tin cay phan doi Dp tin ca> phan ddi la dp tin cay eiia nira thang Day la dp tin cay dugc tinh loan bing so sanh kgt qua ciia hai niia test Ve m^t ly ihuygl, mpt thang cd dp tin cay cao thi cac item ciia lhang ddu cd quan he chat che vdi nhau, vi thg viec phan ddi sd item ciia lhang phai lao ngn phign ban tuong duong va chiing phai cd tuong quan vdi Vi phai chia lam hai ngn dg danh gia dugc dp tin cay phan ddi thi sd lugng item eiia thang khdng dugc qua it Khi cd qua it sd lugng item, rdi lai phai chia ddi thi sg anh hudng dgn kgt qua cua he sd luong quan (hay la dp lin cay phan ddi) H? sd lin cay phan ddi se nhd hon dp tin cay thyc sy cua lhang Bang 3: He sd tin cdy phdn ddi ciig thgng Dong com Toronto Cac loai h^ so tin cay phan doi H$so H? so tucmg quan giOa niia thang (6 item) 0,636 H| so phan ddi Guttman 0,771 H? so phan ddi Spearman-Brown (hai nura bSng nhau) 0,778 He sd phan ddi Guttman va he sd phan ddi Spearman-Brown ciing dugc sit dyng dg danh gia dp tin cay phan ddi 44 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213) 12-2016 Kgt qua vg dp lin cay phan ddi cho thiy he sd tuong quan giura hai niia lhang (mdi nua cd item) la 0,64 Day la mpt chi sd khdng cao chua dat miic 0,7 la dp Idn chip nhan dugc ciia he sd tin ca\ Tuy nhign, mdi niia chi cd item, tiic la so lugng item it ngn he sd se ihap hon he sd lin cay thyc eua thang He sd lin cay phan ddi ciia Guttman \ a Spearman-Brown dugc xem xet dg xac djnh he so tdt hon He so tin cay cua hai niia thang theo chi sd he sd tin ca\ phan ddi cua Guttman va Spearman-Browm dgu ldn hon 0,70, cho thiy cac item eua lhang kha tuong duong ludng sy ddng cam d miu nghign ciiu Sy tuomg duong na> dugc thg hien d cac chi sd thdng ke md ta ciia hai nira lhang trgn bieu dd •.••trfrKTi T4nf dltMntf*i>Hr»ul lAng tfMiii nva thw nhit Dp nghieng; -0,227 Diem trung binh: 21,28 Diem trung vi: 21.00 Dp lech ehuan: 4,08 Dp nghieng: -0,315 Dp nhpn: 0.053 Dp nhpn:-0.001 Diem thap nhat: 6,00 Diem cao nhat; 30,00 Diem thap nhat: 6,00 Diem cao nhat: 30.00 Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach: 0,585 Diem trung binh: 21.22 Diem trung vi: 21.00 Dp l?ch ehuan: 4.07 Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach: 0.578 Ghi chii: Xua thu nhdt gdm cdc item sd: 1.4.6 II 13 IS 13 Hem nghich dao: 4, II vd 15); \mi iln'r Inn gom cdc Hem so 3, 12 14, 16 (2 item nghich dao: 12 vd 14) Biiu dd 1: Phdn bd diem ciig hgi nirg thgng Xem xet cac chi sd thdng kg va bigu dd cua hai niia moi nira gdm item eua thang Ddng cam Toronto cho thay ca hai niia lhang deu liem can phan bd chuin vdi pham vi ciia digm sd dat dugc tir digm thap nhat dgn cao nhat ciia TAP CHl TAM l y HOC, S6 12(213) 12-2016 45 thang digm vdi item (tir dgn 30 digm) Cac chi sd thdng ke kha luong duong d ca hai bdn Digu cho thiy hai niia lhang la tuong duong ttong ludng ddng cam d mau trg vi nign Viet Nam Tuv nhign, moi niia chi cd item ngn lin cay cua moi nira la mong ddi thap Vi thg khdng ngn dimg I nua thang nhu phign ban nil gpn dg ludng ddng cam mdt each ddc lap ma phai diing ca thang Do tin cay Do - Igi (test-retest) Day la dp tin cay dugc tinh loan bing each so sanh kgt qua ciia digm trie nghigm tten ciing mdt ddi mgng, dugc ttong hai lin khae ve thdi gian Tuong quan digm sd cua hai lin chinh la dp tin cay test-retest cua lhang Dg xac djnh tin cay test-retest, thi nhdm ddi mgng se thyc hien thang lin each mdt khoang thdi gian nhit dmh Khoang thdi gimi khdng qua ngin dg loai bdt anh hudng eua tti nhd, cua kinh nghiem dgn kgt qua lam lhang nhung khdng dugc qua dai dg kel qua thang khdng chju anh hudng nhigu bdi tac dpng cua hoan canh bgn ngoai tdi ddi tugng lam lhang hoac anh hudng cua Ihdi gian ldi dac linh dugc Vdi thang Ddng cam Toronto, thang dugc thyc hien hai lin, each I min, ttdn miu 77 hpc sinh ldp 10 lai phd Hue Kel qua phan tich mong quan test-retest ciia hai lan la: 0,507 Ngu xgt theo dp Idn ciia h? sd tuomg quan Ihl day la h? so tuomg quan mong ddi manh Nhung vdi ygu ciu vg dp tin cay test-retest thi dd l?i la mpt kgt qua khdng cao, phan anh sy khdng that dn djnh eua lhang theo thdi gian Digm dang luu y la khoang thdi gian giiia hai lin chi la ngay, mpt khoang thdi |ian tdi thigu dg ludng dp tin cay test-retest Trong khoang thdi gian dd, vg cupc sdng, it cd sy dao Ipn dg din dgn thay ddi vg ddi sdng lam ly ddi vdi ngudi ndi chung Nhung cd diem dang chu y la ddi tugng thyc hi?n thang la trg d liia ludi vi nign dang di hgc, la nhiing ngudi chua thyc sy dn djnh vg tam ly qua trinh phat trign Ddi sdng trudng hpc (bao gdm hpc tap, quan h^ b^n bg, thay cd, npi quy trudng hpc.) khdng ITnh ma tuong ddi dpng, vi v^y cd thg cd nhiing tic dpng nhat djnh tire thdi ddn hpc sinh Trong qua trinh thu th$p dil lieu, chiing tdi da bd qua cac ygu td sy ki^n trudng hpc khoang thdi gian nghien ciru ngn khdng cd dugc nhiing luan giai chinh xac Day ciing la bai hpc nghign cim dp tin cay cua thang do: can md rpng hom npi dung thu thap thdng tin tir thyc dja dg xac djnh nhiing yiu td ed thg tac dpng dgn npi dung ludng Phan bo diim cua lhang Ddng cam Toronto Vi?c xem xdt phan bd digm ciia thang cho phdp nhin nhan tdt hon v^ chat lugng cua die item phin cua thang tdng the ca thang 46 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213) 12-2016 Digm cua thang E)dng cam Toronto dugc tinh bing digm tong cua 12 item phan sau da ddi digm mdt sd item nghich dao ciia thang Diem thap nhat thang didm la 12 va cao nhit la 60 Phan bd digm ciia lhang trgn mau tre vi nign dugc hign thj d bigu dd dudi day Didm dat dugc cua mau thip nhat la 16 (thg hien sy ddng cam d miic thap) \ a cao nhat la 30 (thg hien sy ddng cam d mirc cao nhat) Dai digm cho thay kha nang phan biel ciia thang danh gia mirc ddng cam eua hgc sinh tudi \ i nidn Bidu dd cdn cho thay phan bd digm gan dat phan phdi ehuan vdi didm trung binh ciia ldng diem = 42.5 (dp Idch ehuan = 7,4) gan nhu mong duong vdi didm tnmg \ i = 43 dp nghieng % a dp nhpn ddu gan gia trj (bang -0.25 va 0,03 mong iing) Day la mdt phan bd ly mdng dg tign hanh cae phan tich tigp theo \'e dp hieu lyc ciia lhang na> /^ /piillillj T^-r-rft^il J'lllllilnll Tinfl dU« « « • c«B 13 MMB Bieu 2: Phdn bd diem tdng thgng Ddng cdm Toronto Ket luan Kgt qua nghign cim dp tin cav' ciia thang D ^ g cam Toronto trgn mau trg vi nign Viet Nam cho thay mdt sd digm sau: Thii nhat thang cd item thigu tinh dn djnh, khdng ddng nhit vg ndi dung ludng sy ddng cam nhu cac item khae cua thang khidn cho thang chua dat dp tin cay cao vd tdng thg Thir hai sau loai bd cac item dp tin ca> ciia thang tang Ign tinh dn djnh bgn ttong cua thang cao hem TAPOHITAMiyHOC, S6I2(2I3) 12-2016 47 Thii ba, lhang cd su dn dinh bgn ttong vdi lung nhdm ddi tugng theo gidi linh va lira mdi (mang iing vdi khdi Idp) eua ire vj nien Thii m, cac chi sd \g dp tin cay phan ddi thang cho tha> linh dn djnh bgn cua lhang tuomg ddi cao Thii nam dp tin cay tesl-relesl ciia lhang cdn tuong ddi thap the hien sy thigu dn djnh theo thdi gian ciia thang trdn mau tre \ j nidn Nghien ciiu \e dp tin cay cua lhang cdn cho thay van de \c sy mong ddng cung nhu khae bidt van hda cac bidu hien vg sy ddng cam Phan Idn cae item dat lin ca\ ciia lhang cd the coi la nhumg bigu hien tuong ddng vdi nhimg bieu hien vg ddng cam d ngn van hda Viet Cdn nhiing item bi loai bo khdi lhang la nhiing item the hien sy khdng ddng nhat vdi item khae ludng sy ddng cam nhung nd ciing phan nao ndi Ign sy khae biet nhiing bidu hien Sy khae biel cd thg xem xet d khia canh: hoac la chiing khdng thyc sy la bigu hien ciia ddng cam d ngn van hda nude ta, hoac la each dien dat cac bigu hien trgn ngdn ngir tigng Viet cd the kha dac thii khia canh nay, chung tdi nhan thay ring item bj loai bd dgu la nhiing item nghjch dao Vg mat ngdn ngu, item nghjch dao Ihg hien lu phii djnh Lieu chung cd la binh thudng ddi vdi tu ciia ngudi Viet hay khdng la vin dg dugc dat d day Nghign cim chua du dil lieu dg ly giai sy bit dn djnh theo thdi gian ciia thang Ngoai thang cung can duge danh gia qua cac dac digm tam trie khae nhu higu lyc khai ni?m kign tao, dp hi?u lyc ciu tnic, dp hieu lyc phan bi?t, dp hieu lyc dy bao dg danh gia vg chit lugng ludng cua lhang ddi vdi tre d tudi vj nien d Viet Nam Tai lifu tham khao Bar-On R., The Bar-On model of emolional-social inlelligence (ESI), Psicothema 18 SUDI pp 13-25,2006 • H- Caruso D.R & Mayer J.D., A measure of emotional empathy for adolescents and adults Unpublished manuscript, wwiv.unh.edu/emotional_intelligence/El%20Assets/ Emapthy%20Scale/ Empathy%20Article %202000.doc, 1998 Davis M.H., A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85, 1980 Davis M.H., Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multi-dimensional approach Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 44 (1), pp 113 - 126, 1983 Dadds M.R Hunter K., Hawcs D.J„ Frost A.D., Vassallo S., Bunn P., Merz S., Masry Y.E., A measure ofcognili\e and affective empathy in children using parent ratings Child Psychiatry & Human Devolopment, 39, pp 111 - 122, 2008 •^^ TAP CHl TAM l y HOC, S d i (213), - 6 Ellion R Fllipovich H., Harrigan L., Gaynor J Reimschuessel C & Zapadka J.K Measuring response empathy: The development of a multicomponenl rating scale Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29 (4), pp 379 - 387, 1982 JoIlifTe D & Farrington D.P., Development and validation of the Basic Empathy scale Journal of Adolescence, 29, pp 589 - 611, 2006 Gallup G.GJ & Platek S.M., Cogriilive empathy presupposes self-awareness: Evidence from phylogeny, ontogeny, neuropsychology and mental illness Behavioral & Brain Sciences 25 (1), pp 36 - 37.2002 Goleman's E.T., Coleman's five components of emotional intelligence, http://www.sonoma edu/users/s/swijtink/teaching/philosophy_10l/paperl/goleman.html 2009 10 Hogan R., Development of an empathy scale Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 33,pp 307-316, 1969 11 Lawrence E.J., Shaw P., Baker D., Baron-Cohen S & David AS Measuring empathy: Reliability and validity ofthe empathy quotient, Ps\chological Medicine 34 pp 911 - 924,2004 12 Leiorain S., Sultan S Zenasni F., Cam-Pinault A., Jaury P., Boujut B., Rigal L Empalhic concern and professional characteristics associated with clinical empathy in French general practitioners European Journal of General Practice 19, pp 23 - 28, 2013 ) Mehrabian A & Epstein N., A measure of emotional empathy Journal of Personality, 40, pp 525-543, 1972 14 Muncer S.J & Ling J., Psychometric analysis of the empathy quotient (EQ) scale Personality and Individual Differences 40, pp I.I 11 - 1.119, 2006 15 Pecukonis E.V., A cognitive/affective empathy training program as a function of ego development in aggressive adolescent females Adolescence, 25 (97) pp 59 - 76 1990 16 Petrides K.V., 7ro/'r Emotional Inlelligence Theory, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3, pp 136-139 2010 18 Tolan T., Dogan T & Sapmaz P., The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Evaluation of psychometric properties among Turkish university students Egitim Arastirmalari Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 46 pp 179 - 198, http://liles.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJI057315 pdf,20l2 19 Shamay-Tsoory S.G., Tomer R.D., Goldsher B., Boger B.D & Aharon-Peretz J., Impairment in cognitive and affective empathy in patients with brain lesions: Natomical and cognitive correlates Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, pp 1.113 - 1.127, 2004 20 Spreng R.N., McKinnon M., Mar A.R and Levine B., The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale Development and Initial Validation of a Factor - Analytic Solution to Multiple Empathy Measures, Journal of Personality Assessment 91 (1) pp 62 - 71, http://lbc.human.comell.edu/ Publlcations_files/Spreng_eta! JPA_2009.pdf, 2009 21 Wakabayashi A., Baron-Cohen S Wheelwright S., Goldenfeld N., Delaney J., Fine D., Smith R., Weil L., Development of shorts forms of the empathy quotient (EQ-short) and the sysiemizing quotient (SQ-short), Personality & Individual Differences, 41 (5), pp 929 - 940, 2006 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213), 12-2016 49 ... 0,76 Do tin cay phan doi Dp tin ca> phan ddi la dp tin cay eiia nira thang Day la dp tin cay dugc tinh loan bing so sanh kgt qua ciia hai niia test Ve m^t ly ihuygl, mpt thang cd dp tin cay cao... tich thdng kg sau day da dugc sii dung dg tinh loan dp tin cay ciia lhang Ddng cam Toronto He so tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach dugc tinh toan phan tich dp tin cay cua lhang d long thg va d cac nhdm... I trgn the gidi ludn phat trign ' Thang Dong cdm Toronto Thang Ddng cam Toronto (Toronto Empathy Questionnaire - TEQ) dugc xay dyng bdi Spreng a cac cdng sy nam 2009 dg ludng ddng cam d ngudi