CHUYEN MUC KINH T t HOC - XA H O I HOC QUAN HE GIU'A NGU'O'I KHUYET TAT VA DlfeU KIEN CUOC S N G X U N G QUANH: NGHIEN CU'U TRU'O'NG HQP TAI MOT TH! T R A N TINH HA NAM TERAMOTO MINORU NQI dung cua bai nham tim hieu moi quan he giira ngw&i khuyet tat va dieu kian, mdi trw&ng cuoc song xung quanh, dwa vao nghien cwu trw&ng hap tai mQt thj tran a tinh Ha Nam "Tw Iwc" (ban than doi tuvng), chu the "phi chinh thirc" (chu yeu li gia dinh) va chu the "chinh thiec" (chu yeu li nha nw&c) la nhwng chu the chu yeu dang ddng gdp de giai quyet nhwng van dd CUQC song cua ngw&i khuyet tat Cd the ndi quan giwa ngwai khuyet t$t vai chu the "phi chinh thiec" va chO the "chinh thwc" xung quanh, la nhu'ng yeu to quyet dinh chat Iwqng sinh ke cCia ngwai khuyet t$t Hay ndi cich khic, dai song cua ngwai khuyet tat d§ bj anh hw&ng b&i si/ thay dSl ciJa mdl trw&ng CUQC song xung quanh M6DA\J Muc dich cua bdi la viec nghien cii'u ve tinh hinh sinh k l cua ngud'i khuyet tpt tpi mOt thj tran d" tmh Hd Nam Khi ndi v l tinh hinh ngud'i khuyit tat, cd hai md hinh d l nhgn thuc Thu' nhat Id md hinh y te (medical model of disability), thu" hai Id md hinh xd hOi (social model of disability), Md hinh y t l gidl thfch rang nguoi khuyet tgt gpp khd khan cuOc sing hang vi cd v i n d l ehuc Teramoto Minoru Nghien ci>u viSn, Vipn Nghien CLFU nen Kinh te chSu A (IDE-JETRO), Nhpt Ban nang cua than the, tinh than Trai lgi, md hinh xd hOi giai thich rang ngud'i khuyit tat gap khd khan cuOc song hang ngay, vi xa hOi (bao gom ehe dO nha nud'c) chua chuan bj dugc dieu kipn day du cho ngud'i khuyit tat, chu- khdng phai la thdn the, tinh than cua ngud'i khuyit tgt Tham khao each nhgn thCrc cua md hinh xa hOii bdi vilt nghien cu'u ve "moi quan hp" giO-a ngud'i khuyit tat vd mdi trud'ng xung quanh cuOc sing mdi ngdy Djnh nghTa "mli quan hp (relationship)" bai la "tinh chit, khuynh huong cua quan hp giu-a cac chu the lien quan" TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s l (191} 2014 T H N G T I N CHUNG VE NGU'O'I KHUYET TAT VlgT NAM Theo bao cao cua Chinh phu nam 2006, ting s l ngud'i khuyit tgi a Viet Nam Id khoang 5,3 tripu ngud'i (chiim khoang 6,34% ting dan s6) Hon 80% ngud'i khuyit tgt'^' sing d' khu vuc ndng thdn (xem Bang 1) Theo thong ke ndm 2004, s l ngud'i ngud'i khuyet tat a cdc khu vgc nhu sau: viing Tay Bac 157.369 ngud'i; vung Ddng Bae 678.345 ngud'i; vung Ding bang sdng Hong 980.118 ngud'i; vting Bde Trung BO 658.254; vung Duyen hai mien Trung 749.489 ngud'i; vung Tay Nguyen 158.506 ngud'i; viing DOng Nam BO 866.516 ngud'i; vung Ding bang sdng CCru Long 1.018.341 nguoi (Oy ban ve Cdc v i n d l xd hOi cua Quoc hgi khda XI, 2006, tr 95) Viing ma nguoi khuyit tdt song nhilu nhat Id Ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long, thir hai Id viing D i n g bang sdng Hong, thCr ba id vung Ddng Nam Bp Dl£U TRA a MOT TH! T R A N TAI TiNH H A NAM Dua tren tinh hinh chung cua ngud'i khuyit tat Viet Nam, ehung tdi da chpn mpt dja dilm cg the de nghien ciru sdu hon v l cudc song cua hp m l i quan he vd'i mdi trud'ng xung quanh Tong so d l i tugng dilu tra la 40 ngud'i {thuOc 38 hO) Vd chung ta se xem xet trud'ng hgp lien quan voi cupc sing cua ngud'i khuyet tat nhu sau: (1) di eg quan cdng cOng; (2) a nha; (3) mOi trud'ng kinh te; (4) hodn canh c h i lien quan; (5) nhgn thu'c cua hdng xdm'^ Cupc dilu tra duge thuc hipn tie ngdy 13 - 19/10/2009 Cach dilu tra Id tare tilp thdm nhd doi tugng dilu tra vd phdng Bang Tinh hinh Ngu'di k h u y i t tdt* a Viet Nam (nam 2005) Ting s6 Khoang 5,3 tnpu ngu'O'i (6,34% cua tong dan so) Khu vgc nong th6n: 87,27% Khu VLFC I56 thj: 12,37%" Du'd'i 16 tuoi: Khoang 16%; 16-55 tuoi 60%; Tren 55 tuoi: Khoang 24% Logi dpng t$t ^ ^ n dOng: 29,41%; Than kinh: 16,83%; Thj giac: 13,84%; Thinh giac: 9,32%; Ngon ngir: 7.08%; Tri tup- 6,52%; Khae: 17%; Chong cheo: khoang 20% Nguy§n nhdn Bam sinh 35.8%; Benh tdt: 32.34%, Chien tranh: 25,56%; Tai nan lao dpng: 3.49%, Khdc: 2.81% Khong biet chO' 35,83%; Biet dpc, biet vilt: 12,58%; Trinh dp tmng hpc ca so: 20,74%; Trinh tnjng hoc thong: 24,13%; Hpc nghe: 2,36% Vipc Idm Tham gia vipc lam: Khoang 58%; Co viec iam va co thu nhap' 25-^35'if Qiri sdng Song dga vao gia dinh, ngucn than va trp' cap xa hpi' Khu vyc nong thon ^ % , Khu vyc thj 70—80%; Hp ngheo, 32,5%, Hp c6 muc song trung binh: 58%, Hp c6 mUc s i n g kha 9%, Hg giau: 0,5% N g u i n : Chinh phii n u d c Cpng hoa Xa hpi Chu nghTa Viet Nam, 2006 Ghi chu: ' Cf tdi lj$u trgn, v i l t Id "ngy^i tdn tat", chi> khdng phai la "ngu'cri khuyet tat" Cdc s l li$u cOa Chfnh phu khdng d i n g nhat, nhu'ng toi da ghi ipi theo tai lipu tren " Ghi theo tdi li$u TERAMOTO MINORU - QUAN HE GlffA NGff&l KHUY&TTAT v I n vfl-l philu tham ^ kien Dpi dilu tra CO ngyo-i, tfli vg ngyfl^i hfl tra'^' Vg mgt ngyfl'i phy trach cflng tgc xg hpi cua Cly bgn Nhgn dan dja phyang di cung de giai thiflu cac doi typng dieu tra cho chung tfli 2.1 Nai dieu trg Djg dilm dilu trg lg thj tri n Qui, huyen ly cue huyfln Kim Bgng, tinh Ha Ngm Huyen Kim Bgng la huyen co Ijch sii- lau dai Tai thj t r i n co Den Triic ton vinh anh d i n too Ly Thyo-ng Kiflt (1019 1105), ngyo-i dygc tuang truyin la dg tirng d i n djg phuang cuflc khgng chien ching Tong (Trung Quoc) t h i ky XI 2.2 Thong fln chung v l doi tupng dieu tre Trong tong s l 40 doi tygng dilu tra l i n ngm gi6i 30 nguo-i, nu- gio-i 10 nguo-i Cgc doi tygng co nem sinh nhieu nhlt la Bang Phan loai nam sinh Nam smh So lirp-ng doi tu-p-ng (nguo-i) 1930-1935 2(1) 1936-1940 3(1) 1941-1945 1946-1950 2(1) 1951-1955 1956-1960 1(1) 6(2) 1961-1966 4(1) 1966-1970 1971-1975 1976-1980 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009 Ghi chCi: S6 dau ngoac don la so iu-png nguoi tham gia chien tranh khoang tir nem 1956 d i n ngm 1960 Nguo-i cfl kinh nghiem tham gig ehiln trgnh lg ngyo-i (xem Bang 2) Tinh trgng khuyet tgt dypc phgn logi nhy sau: than t h i 28 ngyfl'i; thj giac 24 ngyfl'i; thin kinh, tinh than 32 nguo-i; thinh gigc 19 nguai; ngon ngu' 18 nguo-i; tri tue 21 ngyfl'i; khuyit tat ben ca the'"' ngyoi; khuyit tgt chong cheo 32 ngyfl'i Va nguyen nhfln bj khuyit tat vi nhD'ng ly sau: chiin tranh 15 ngyfl'i (bao gom ngyfl'i la nan nhan chit dflc dg cgm, ngyo'i lg ngn nhgn tnj-c flip); bam sinh 18 ngyfl-i; bflnh tgt ngyfl-i; tai nan giao thflng ngyo-i a thai diem dilu tra, 10 ngyfl'i dg co nghe nghiep Logi nghi nghiep cua 10 ngyo-i nhy sau: xoa bflp nguc>i; buon bgn ngyo-i; su-g chO-a dyng cy dien nguo-l; nong nghiep ngyfl'i (beo gflm ngyfl'i nufli bfl); su'a chu-a xe dgp ngyo-i 2.3 K i t qua dieu tre Nhu dg noi o- tren, chung tg xem xet ngm truo'ng hpp cugc song ciig ngyo'i khuyet tgt de flm hieu moi "quen hg" giu'a ngyfl'i khuyet tgt vg moi trud'ng cugc sing xung qugnh Nam trud'ng hpp la: di ca qugn cong cpng; fl' nha; mfli truo'ng kinh t l ; hoan canh c h i dg lien quan; nhan thurc cua hgng xom - Khi di ca quan cong cgng Trong truang hap ngy, chung ta xem xet hgi flnh huong sgu: (a) luc di Cly ban Nhan dan thi trin; (b) luc di bgnh vifln (CO quan y t l ) (a) Luc di Cly bgn Nhgn dgn thj tr in Trg lai egu hoi: "LCic di Oy ban NhSn dan thj tr in thi cfl kho khan gi khflng?" Kit TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 (191) 2014 qua dieu tra nhu sau: "khdng cd khd khdn": 38 ngud'i; "gap khd khan": ngud'i Khd khdn d l i vdi ngud'i vi cac ly do: quy tac cua cdc che dO; phuong tien di Igi; tiep can tda nha; khodng cdch D l khae phgc khd khan, nguoi dugc sg giup do* cua gia dinh (cu t h i la bl) Trong nhung ngud'i da tra Id'i "khdng cd khd khan", 34 ngud'i nhd' cd sg giup dd' cua ngud'i xung quanh: ngud'i gia dlnh: 15 ngud'i (bao g i m ngud'i tg giai quyet); hdng xdm: ngud'i; ngud'i phg trach cdng tdc xd hgi cua Uy ban Nhdn dan thj tran: 21 ngud'i Nhu vgy du da trd Id'i "Khdng cd khd khdn" thgc t l la nhilu ngud'i phai cd sg giOp dd' cua ngud'i xung quanh md'i khae phgc dugc khd khan, (b) Liie di bpnh vipn (co quan y t l ) "Liic (fl bpnh vien (eg quan y t l ) thi cd khd khan gi khdng?" Cf truong hgp ndy, d l i tugng tra Id'i "khdng cd khd khan" Id 26 ngud'i Ngud'i tra Id'i "gap khd khan" Id 11 ngud'i'^* Logi khd khan ma 11 nguoi ndy n6u Id phugng tipn di lgi (8 ngud'i); ehi phi (9 ngud'i) Trong 11 ngud'i ndy, ngud'i khic phuc dieqtc tinh hinh sg giup do* cua gia dinh Mac dii so lugng ngud'i dd tra Id'i "khdng ed khd khan" Id 26 ngud'i, nhung dd, cd 18 ngud'i dugc sg giup do' cua ngud'i xung quanh: ngud'i gia dinh 17 ngud'i; hdng xdm ngud'i; nhdn vien trgm y te ngud'i Nhu vgy, tnj'd'ng hgp ndy, da s l d l l tugng duge sg giup dd' cua gia dinh - Khi & nha "Khi d' nhd, cd khd khdn gi khdng?" Cf tard-ng hgp ndy, cd 37 ngud'i da trd Id'i "gdp khd khdn", ngud'i dd tra Id'i "khdng ggp khd Wian"'^* Logi khd khan trudng hgp nhu sau: thilt bj 10 ngugi; kinh phi ngucri; phuong tien di lai 20 nguxri; toiyen dgt thdng tin, giao luu 11 ngud'i; chdn gia khdng phu hgp ngud'i; cuOe song ngud'i; sire khde ngud'i; tri tup ngudi; than kinh ngud'i; vgn dOng ngud'i; khong ngung ndi ngud'i; bao luc ngud'i; khd giO' tgi nhd ngud'i Chu the gidi quylt khd khan tren phdn logi nhu sau: ban thdn d l i tugng 12 ngud'i; gia dinh 17 ngud'i, hdng xdm ngud"!; nhd nud'c ngud'i'^ Liie d' nhd, ty le gap khd khdn rit eao (92,5%) Kit qua cho thiy tim hieu cuOe sing cua ngud'i khuyet tgt, chung ta trud'c hit can phai nghT d i n Bang Phan loai thu nhgp cua cac gia dlnh Mi>c thu nhap (v^n dong/thang) S6 lupng gia dinh (hp) 0-50 15* 51-100 5* 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 351^00 40H50 451-500 501-550 551-600 601-650 651-700 701-750 Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009 Ghi chu: 'Bao gom mpt gia dinh c6 thu nhdp thang 50 - 60 vpn dong TERAMOTO MINORU - QUAN HE GlffA NGUOl KHUVeTTAT dilu kien sing a nha cua hp'°' - Moi tnrang kinh te Trong tm-d-ng hgp ngy, chung tg xem xet hai mat, gom thu nhgp cua bgn than doi tygng va thu nhgp cua gig dinh (g) Bgn than doi tuang Trong eac doi typng, so ngud'i cfl thu nhgp la 30 ngyfl'i, 10 nguai lai khflng CO thu nhgp gi 30 ngu'O'i co thu nhgp tucgc nguon sgu: 29 nguo-i duac trp cap nha nuo-c; nguo-i bao hiem lao dpng; nguai lam viec (logi cflng viec ney la: ban hang ngyo'i; sii-a chu-a dien thoai nguo-i; xoa bflp ngyfl'i) Vai doi tupng dygc trp d p ty le mirc tra d p chiem thu nhgp nhu sgu: 91-100% = 26 ngy&i; 81-90% = ngyfl-i; 71-80% = nguoi; 61-70%= nguo-i Nhy vay, trp d p ciia nha nuac dong vai tro 16-n thu nhgp cCia cac doi tygng dupc dilu tra l i n Tuy nhien chi co nguo-i co thu nhgp ego han mit-c song trung binh'^', 30 ngyo-i thu nhgp thip han mu-c song trung binh''"' Dieu ney cho chiing ta bilt mgc dil dg so (29 ngyfl'i) dupc nhgn trg d p nhyng s l tien nhan dupe khflng du de bao dam cupc sing trung binh ciia hg (b) Gia dinh Vi doi tupng dieu tre l i n co cgp b l nen s l gia dinh la 38 hg Trong do, co hp song dflc than va co hg mg thgnh vien gig dinh (trir d l i tuang dilu trg) khong co thu nhgp gl Logi nguin thu nhgp cug cgc gia dinh (tru- nguon thu nhgp cug doi tupng dieu tra) nhu sgu: trp d p hg; luang hyu hg; flin luang 13 hg; nong nghiep 19 hg; ngu nghiflp hg Gia dinh thu nhap thip nhlt la van ding/thang, gig dinh thu nhgp cao nhat thi 720 vgn ding/thgng (xem Bang 3) Khoang 50% cua cgc gia dinh thu nhjp 6- phgm vj - 0 vgn dong/thang Gia dinh CO thu nhgp dgt mirc sing trung binh'"' la hp Nhy vgy mu-c dfl thu nhgp cua cac gia dinh khg thip S l gig dinh mg thu nhap cug doi tupng Bang Ty lp dong gop cua cac doi tugng dieu tra cho thu nhap gia dinh (Ithang) So doi tup-ng Ty lp dong gop (%) So lupng doi tupng (ngup-i) 0-10 , , , 15, 16, 17, , , , 11-20 32 11 21-30 11, 13,24,30.37 31-40 14, 18 41-50 12, 26, 28 29 51~60 1,2,23, 33 61-70 35 71-80 9, 25, 36 81-90 91-100 3, , 2 , , , , Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra Teramoto Minom, 2009 TAP CH( KHOA HQC XA HQl so (191) 2014 dilu tra chiem 50% trd' len thu nhgp gia dlnh Id 17 hp (44,7%) (Bang 4) Cd t h i ddnh gid rang thu nhgp cua cde doi tugng dilu tra dang ddng gdp nhat (Tinh cho thu nhdp cua gia dinh Khi thilu tien thi cdc gia dinh giai quylt nhu t h i nao? Bang Id ket qua (5ieu tra lien quan vd'i cau hdi ndy, edc gia dinh gidi quylt theo eac each sau: (1) vay; (2) tu luc; (3) chju; (4) tilt kiem Trong phuong phap gidi quylt (1) tren, cd each:(a) vay cua ngan hdng; (b) vay cua Bang Phan logi cdc phuong phap gidi quyet thilu tien vd thu nhap (1 thdng) cua cdc gia dinh Cach giai quylt Phan loai thu nhap thang cua cac gia dinh (van dong) S6 dot 13 16 ^gdn tuonq tdng Thu 23050510 73 240 nh^p 60 S6d6i 23 tupnq Con Thu 20.3 nhjp S6d6i 16 22 Anh tupng (7) Vay Chi Thu 340 162 50-60 110 Em nh$p So doi 26 HO tupnq h^ng Thu 28.7 nhap S6d6i 6(7) 11(12) 28 29 NSng lup'ng xPm Thu 162 378,7 24 25,3 nhap So doi 20 21 25 tupng Ty-!i/c Thu 600 306 308,3 61,8 nhjp So doi 10 iupnq Chiu Thu 720 308.5 29-30 nh$p S6d6i 28 tupnq Thu 24 nhdp 19 24 36 33,3 246,8 23,8 27 12 31 36 37 109,2 23,8 178,4 Thu nhgp binh quan thang (van d6nq) T6ng so gia dinh (h« 159,6161,0 20,3 123.2 124,4 28,7 1247 268 193,4 193,5 13 24 34 33.3 31 32* 33 39 109,2 368,5 20,3 380 15 17 13 14 73 186 5537 100 18 30 35 38 40 37 301,8 187 12 68.5 N g u i n : Tinh todn theo k i t qua d i l u tra Teramoto Minoru 2009 Ghi chii: 'Khi t l chirc l l cir&\ c6 vay t i i n nhung nguon tien thi khong rd TERAMOTO MINORU - QUAN HE GlQ-A NGU'DI KHUYET TAT con; (e) vay cua anh chi em; (d) vay cua hp hgng; (d) vgy cug hang xom Cgch giai quylt nhieu nhlt la "chju" (13 hg), thu- la "vgy cug anh chj em" (8 hfl) ve "ty lyc" (8 hfl), thu- la "vay cua ngan hang" (7 hp) Nhflm thu nhgp cao nhlt la nhom da tra lo'i ' t y lyc" (268 vgn dong, hp), flip theo la nhom tra lo'i "chju" (193,4 -193,5 vgn dong, 13 hg) D i l u ngy co the ly giei ring vi nhflm co thu nhap ego han nhflm khgc nen co the lug chon cgch gigi quylt ngy'"' - Hoan canfi chi dfl lien quan dgy, chiing ta xem xet quan hfl giu-a doi tuang dilu tra va cac che dp lien quan Bang cho chiing tg biet ty le doi tupng dilu trg bilt v l che dfl nguo-i khuyit tat, ve thong fin y te nhu flem phong la dual 50% Trai Igi, ve bilt c h i dp thuang benh binh, ngn nhgn chit dflc da cam la han 50% Bgng cho chung ta bilt bien thong fln v l cec c h i dfl, vgj tro cug Oy bgn Nhgn dan thj tr in r i t lo-n Mgc du so lupng d l i tupng dieu tra co bilt v l c h i dg nguo-i khuyit tat dual 50% cgc d l i tuang dieu tra, nhung s l d l i tugng nhan dug-c thong fln tu- Oy ban NhSn dan thj trin la 12 ngyo-i roi So nhieu nhat Bang Trong nhu-ng nguo-i tra lo-i "vay tien", thi nhu'ng nguo-i vay eua nggn hgng co thu nhgp cao nhlt Cac ngan hang cy the la Ngan hang Chinh sach (4 hg), Nggn hang Nong nghiep vg Phat triin nong thfln (2 hg)'"' Bieu co t h i ly Cac thflng tin lien quan tai c h i dp gigi rang vgy tiin cua ngan hang can thuang bflnh binh, c h i dfl nan nhan chit phai chuan bi the ng, cho nen, ngucri vay ngan hang Bang Nhan thuc ve cac che dp phai CO thu nhap nhat dinh Khong bi6t Biet Che dp mai vgy duac tien So lieu cung cho thiy tuang dieu trg dya vao t h i phi chinh thirc nhilu chu the chinh thirc, kho khgn kinh t l doi chii han ggp (nguP-i) (nguP-i) Che nguo-i khuyet tat 14 26 Che dp thuo-ng benh binh 21 19 Ch^ dp nan nhan chat dpc hoa hpc 26 14 32 ThPng tin y te nhu tiem phong Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009 Bang Nguon thdng tin ve cac chi dp Nguon thong tin (nguo-i) Che UBND Bai TV 3ao chi Hang Bp Anh chj Hp Bp me Ban Cong an x6m em hang Che dp nguai lihuyet tat 12 0 0 0 Che thuo-ng benh binh 10 0 Che dp nan nhan chat dpc hoa hpc 12 1 Thpng tin y te nhu tiem phong 4 0 0 0 Nguon: Tinh todn theo kit qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009 TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s l (191) 2014 dpc da cam, ty co bilt hun 50%, chii y l u qua tivi, dai, bdo chi Vi vpy, cd the cho rang s g khdc giO'a "dutiri 50% cd bilt" vd "hon 50% cd bief trud'ng hgp ndy xay s u khdc bipt v l miPC dp thdng tin qua tivi, dai, bdo chi - Nhgn thirc cua hang xdm "Sing tgi thj trin nay, Ong bd ed kinh nghipm bj phan bipt doi xu* gi hay khdng ?" 0" truang hgp ndy 37 ngud'i da tra Id'i "khong cd kinh nghipm nhu thl'^^'" Nhung, mpt gia dinh (chir khdng phai Id bdn thdn d l i tugng) trd Id'i ring nhieu ngud'i sg (dli tugng)'^^' Tuy cd mot trud'ng hgp dae bipt neu tren, nhung neu cdu tra Id'i eua cdc d l i tugng dilu tra Id thdnh thgt, thi da so doi tugng dang cam thiy rang nhpn thire cua hang xdm doi vd'i hp CO ban khdng cd v i n de gi QUAN HE GIO'A NGU-Ofl KHUYET TAT VA M O I TRU'O'NG XUNG QUANH Bang cho chung ta thay quan hp giira cac tnj'd'ng hgp cupc song vd chu t h i d l i xu "Tg luc" (ban than d l i tugng), chu t h i "phi chinh thirc" (chu y l u Id gia dinh), chu t h i "chinh thuc" (chu yeu la nhd nud'c) Id nhO'ng chu the chu yeu dang ddng gdp de giai quylt v i n de d' cac trud'ng hgp Dilm dgc biet lien quan d i n su tra Id'i cua doi tugng dieu tra l i n dugc t h i hipn d' trud'ng hgp luc (Ji Oy ban Nhdn ddn thj tran Theo kinh nghiem d\eu tra eua tdi'^®', lan dau tien doi tugng dieu tra da Iga chpn chu the "chinh thu'c" nhilu hon chu the "phi ehinh thuc' trud'ng hgp ndy Cd t h i vi "thj trin" Id eho de di lgi hon "xa", dud'ng t i t hon Bang Chu thi doi xir mpt so trud'ng hgp d' cupc sing cua nguoi khuyet tat Chu the doi x u (ngud'i) Tnj'd'ng hpp Tu luc Cong ty t u Dpanh Phi To nhan, ca Chinh nghiep chinh chue nhan hoat Khae thuc nha thuc xa hpi ddng theoIp nuoc ich kinh te Khi di UBND thi tran 15 21 0 0 Khi di b^nh vien 19 2- 0 0 ® Khi o nha 12 17 0 0 3) Mdi truo'ng kinh te (nguon thu nhgp cua ban than doi tup-ng) 10" 30*" 0 0 Che dp ngud'i khuyet tgt 0 14 0 0 Che dp thuong benh binh 18 0 0 Che dp nan nhan chat dpc da cam 11 21 0 0 rhdng tin y te nhu tigm 3hdng 0 0 0 3) Khi di noi cpng cpng ® M6i trud'ng zAc chS dp Kung quanh [chu thS ph6 bi4n thdng tin) Nguin: Tinh todn theo kit qua dilu tra Teramoto Minoru 2009 Ghi chii; C/ ddy chi ghi s l lupng da dygc xdc nhgn ': Trong ngud'i ndy mgt ngyoi a tnjng tdm; " : 10 ngyai khdng c6 thu nhdp g i ; ' " : Trong 30 ngudi ndy, mpt ngygi nhdn dugc tien theo che dp bao hiem tai ngn lao dpng TERAMOTO MINORU - QUAN HE GlffA N G t / O l KHUYfeT TAT Vi vgy, dgc thii cua khu vyc dilu tra ("thj tran", chu- khflng phai lg "xg") la mgt y l u to d n phai xem xet So lieu cho they vai trfl, chu-c ngng cug chij t h i "phi chinh thu-c" lg Ifl-n nhlt, da dgng viflc true flip chgm sflc ngud'i khuyit tgt Trgi lai, vgi trfl, chirc ngng ciig chu the "chinh thu-c" chu yeu lg a sy cung d p vgt tu nhu trg- d p , thong tin ve che dp giup do-, v.v Cfl the khing ^nh cgc dilu kien, mfli truo-ng xung quanh, cy I h l la chu t h i xung quanh co vai tro, chirc nang 16-n d l bao dam sinh ke cue ngyo-i khuyit tgt tgi thj trin Va moi qugn he giu-g nguo-i khuyet tgt vd'i chu t h i "phi chinh thij-c" (chu yeu la gia dinh), va chu the "chinh thii-c" (chu y l u la nha nud'c), la yeu t l qugn trgng de quylt djnh chat luang sinh k l cua ngyfli khuyet tgt Hay nfli each khgc, dd'i sing cua ngyfl'i khuyet tgt d l bj gnh huo'ng bo'i sy thay doi ciig mfli truo'ng xung quanh Trong thai ky cflng nghiflp hog, hifln dgi hog, xa hpi cQng thay d l i Khi chdng ta ban ve sinh k l ctia ngyfl'i khuyet tgt 6' Viet Nam, chiing tg d n phgi de y den chieu huo'ng cug m l i qugn he giu-g nguo-i khuyit tgt vg dilu kifln cugc song, mfli truo-ng xung quanh'"' a GHICHU '^' Tai lipu thong k& n^y s u dung ten gpi "ngud-i tan tat," chii- khdng phai la "ngupl khuyet t§t" 86 lipu thong lie cho da cu, nhung tdi chua c6 sd lieu thong ke tpng hpp khae '^' Khi viet Teramptp Minpru 2010 Terampto IVlinoru 2013, toi da thuc hien dieu tra giong it tinh Thanh Hda '^' Chan cam on mpt can bp nghien cuu cOa Vipn Xa hpi hpc da giup tdi trpng cupc di^u tra l i n Tdi cung cam o-n cac doi tupng d i l u tra, can bp phy trach cija Oy ban Nhan dan thi tr^n vS cac cp quan da tgo dieu kien cho tdi ISm vipc '*' Lien quan toi cac co quan ben '^ Cd ngudi khdng ro '**' ngudi cdn lai khdng rd doi tupng dieu tra md-i 14 tuoi va nhieu !an di iang thang ^ Khdng the xac nhan dupc each doi x i i cua ngudi '^' Chung tdi da dieu tra d xa cua tinh Thanh Hoa t u nam 2007 - 2008 Ket qua dieu tra IS gi6ng "^' Muc dua vao y kien cua moi ddi tuong '^°' ngudi khdng rd ' " ' Muc dupc xac lap theo y kien cua mdi gia dinh ' " ' Nhung ngudi khdng cd thu nhap cung phai chiu Tren thyc te khd danh glS ' " ' Mpt hp tra Idi "vay cua ngan hang phu nu" ' " ' Bao gom ngudi tra Idi "giOp nhieu" " " Doi tupng da danh giet me va hien vdn han Ngoai c6 khdng cd tra Idi " " Chung tdi da dieu tra sinh ke cua ngudi khuyet tat a Vipt Nam t y nam 2005 Bieu tra n i y la lin dau tien tdl tam vipc tai thj tran TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl so (191) 2014 ^^^ Cf tinh Hd Nam, co Hpi Nguai khuyet tpt tinh To chue dang hopt dgng rat tich cgc cho ngydi khuyit tdt Tgi hy vpng cdc t l chirc xa hpi nhu Hpi ndy bien manh hon nira a Vigt Nam TAI LIEU TRICH DAN Chinh phu nud'c Cpng hda Xd hgi Chu nghTa Vipt Nam 2006 Bao cdo nSm tn'Sn khai tht^ hign phdp l^nh ve ngwcn khuyet t$t, Oy ban V l cac v i n d l xa hpi cua Quoc hpi khoa XI 2006: Sao cdo kit qui giam sdt thwc hl$n chinh sach, phap luat vS ngwai cao tudi, ngwdi tan t$t, dan s6 Hd Npi: Nxb Lao dgng-Xa hpi Teramoto Minom 2010 Sinh k§ cOa ngwai khuyit tat tai Viet Nam - thdng qua mot nghi§n cieu khao sdt di/a vao quan diem giwa sinh ki cua ngwai khuyit tat va mdl trwang xung quanh (bdng t i l n g Nhpt Ban) Trong Mori Soya ( d i u bien) 2010: Cdng cudc xda