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^4.G^ NHLTNG Cd H O I VA THACH THlTC VE DAN SO VA NGUON NHAN LI/C T A C D O N G DEN PHAT TRIEN CON NGUdi VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 2015 2020 TRINH THI KIM NGOC Dan sd va ngudn nhan lire ludn dugc coi la mdt nhiing van de quan trgng ddi vdi su phat trien ciia mgi qudc gia Nhd sd dan dat den mdt quy md dang ke mdi cd the phan cdng lao ddng, chuyen mdn hda, tao dieu kien nang cao nang suat lao ddng, thiic day xa hdi phat trien nhu Tuy nhien, quy md va tdc gia tang dan sd da va dang dat nhiing van de rat nghiem trgng de dga sir phat trien cua nhieu nude cd dan sd qua ddng va ddng thdi tao nen nhiing sire ep mdi cho mdi trudng chung cua trai dat Chinh vi vay, tren nhieu dien dan hien nay, cac van de cua dan sd va ngudn nhan lire dang thu hiit sir quan tam rdng khap ciia nhieu chinh phu cac qudc gia, ciia nhieu td chirc qudc te, ciing nhu ciia cac cdng ddng Dac biet, tir cudi nam 2013 cho tdi nay, d nude ta, cd the ggi dd la "nhirng thang cua dan sd" bdi no da ghi lai nhieu dau an sau sac ve dan sd nhin tir quan diem phat trien ngudi (PTCN) Nhirng van de lien quan tdi mdi quan he giiia dan sd, ngudn nhan lire vdi PTCN, ciing nhu nhiing thach thiic tir mdi quan he ddi vdi sir phat trien dat nude se dugc the bien rd bai viet Su can thiet phai xem xet cac van de ve dan sd va ngudn nhan luc phat trien ngiroi /./ Van di dan so vd nguon nhan luc luon Id moi quan tdm ciia cdc chinh phii CO Viet Nam vi muc tieu phdt trien ngu&i Dan sd va ngudn nhan lure ludn la van de dugc quan tam hang dau chien luge phat triln bin viing, ciing nhu ddi sdng xa hdi ciia mgi qudc gia Ngay nay, chiing ta hiiu ring la cac van de ve dan sd va phat trien Dac biet, chiing ta dang sdng mdt thi gidi vdi tren ti ngudi' Day khdng chi la mdt dau mdc quan trgng ddi sdng nhan loai, ma cdn dat mot bai toan khdng don gian ddi vdi sir phat trien cua moi qudc gia Khdng phai khdng cd ly ma tir hon nira the ky trudc day, cac nha lanh dao thi gidi da canh bao vl sir bung nd cua 'qua bom dan sd", da quan ngai ve tinh trang hon loan va mdt nan chit ddi cd the se xay hang loat d cac nude cd dan sd qua ddng nhu Nam A va chau Phi; hg ciing dang nd lire thue hien cam ket cho tham hga khdng xay ddi vdi nhan loai Nhiing quan ngai va cam ket 50 nam qua da dugc danh gia Le ky niem 50 nam Hdi nghj Dan sd Chau A Thai Binh Duong (APPC) diu tien (nam 1963), tai Hdi nghi Dan sd chau A Thai Binh Duong (APPC) lin thii 6, ' PGS TSKH.; Vien Nghien ciiu Con nguai ' Ngay 31/10/2011, thd giai don cong dan thii ti chao dai Nghien cdu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014 Nhitng ca hoi vd thdch thitc Uy ban Kinh tl xa hdi chau A - Thai Binh Duong (ESCAP) va Quy Dan sd Lien hgp qudc (UNFPA) chii tri nhdm hop tai Bang Cdc, Thai Lan tir 16 - 20/9/2013 Day cung la CO hdi dl lanh dao cac qudc gia xay dung chuang trinh nghi sir ve dan sd cua khu vuc va thi gidi thap ky tilp theo, ddng thdi cung dua cac khuyen nghi nham dam bao moi ca nhan sdng tren hanh tinh diu cd mdt cugc sdng manh khde, day dii va hanh phuc, dugc tdn phim gia va dugc hudng cac quyIn binh dang vao nhiing thap ky tilp theo cam kit chinh la cac ndi dung co ban cua quan diem PTCN ma UNDP da dl xuit thue hien may chuc nam qua Dan sd trudc tien la nin tang tao nen chit lugng cua gidng ndi Chat lugng dd cd sir lien quan chat che vdi chit lugng cuoc sdng ciia dan cu nhim muc tieu PTCN Viec cai thien chit lugng dan sd mac nhien se keo theo viec cai thien nhilu vin dl xa hdi Trong thirc tl nhirng nam gin day, Viet Nam da thirc thi kha cdng Chuang trinh Dan sdK I hoach hda gia dinh cua Lien hgp qudc, da xay dung nhilu chi tieu dl ludng chit lugng giao due, siic khde va chit lugng cugc sdng, la cac tieu chi de ludng tieu chuin chit lugng dan sd, nhung cung ddng thdi la nhiing tieu chi de danh gia PTCN Ngay 24/9/2013, tai Ha Ndi, Bd Y tl da td chirc hdi nghj tdng kit cac kit qua d^t dugc kl hoach 10 nam thirc hien Phap lenh Dan sd Tiep sau la cdt mdc dang ghi nhd thdi ky dan sd vang d nude ta, 01/11/2013, cdng dan Viet Nam thii 90 trieu da ddi, danh diu moc son ljch sir phat trien nhan khau hgc ciia nude nha Ben canh do, hang loat vin de ve ngheo ddi, bat binh dang, mdi trudng da va dang tac ddng manh me den chat lugng cuoc sdng cua dan cu nude ta, tao nen nhieu thach thiic mdi can phai tiep tuc ban luan Theo luan giai tren, ngudn nhan lire phu thudc chat che vao nhiing van de ciia dan sd, tir chat lugng tdi quy md hay xu hudng bien ddng ve co cau gidi, tudi cua dan sd, Vi vay, de cap den van de dan sd, ngudi ta khdng chi ndi tdi sd lugng tang - giam ve nhan khau hoc ma cdn ddng thdi phai xem xet ca nhiing ddng thai thay ddi, sir phan bd dan cu, tdc dd thi hda va qua trinh di cu, dd la tat ca nhiing yeu td tao ca co hdi va thach thiic ddi vdi cac dieu kien dam bao siic khde va tiem nang tri lire cua ngudn nhan lire, ciing nhu ddi vdi mdi trudng va toan bd nen kinh te muc tieu PTCN Cac van de dan sd cd tac ddng truc.tiep, cd cd tac ddng gian tiep tdi nhieu mat cua phat triln, dd, trudc bet la phat trien kinh tl In dinh xa hdi, phat triln ngudn nhan lire va PTCN Nhu vay, sir phat trien vl dan sd ludn gin liin vdi sir phat triln bin viing ciia cac qudc gia Cd the nhan dinh, moi su van ddng phat trien, dan sd va ngudn nhan lire ludn ddng vai trd la "nhan td diu vao" quan trgng, cd tinh quylt dinh tdi hieu qua ciia qua trinh phat triln Nhilu hgc gia qudc tl da nhan dinh: Ddn s6 Id ciea ngo xung yiu ciia moi qud trinh phdt trien^ la hoan toan xac dang Mgi biln ddng xay vdi "nhan to diu vao" diu se keo theo hang loat cac xao trdn khdng mong mudn sir van ddng phat triln hoac lam suy giam hieu qua cua nang suit qua trinh san xuit •> / \ •> t r y ^ Theo Le Canh Nhac, "Dan s6 - Y§u t6 quan d6 phat \x\kx\ b6n viing", Cue Kinh t8 hap tac va phat tri6n nong thon, http://www.dcrd.gov.vn/?page=news&code=detail&idc=42&id=94 14 Nghiin cdu Con ngUdi so 3(^2) 2014 Trinh Thi Kim Ngop cua cai vat chat va tinh than Dieu dd that de hieu, bdi chinh dan sd la nen tang tao ngudn nhan lire chu the cua mgi qua trinh phat trien la ddng lire quan trgng nhat tac ddng vao qua trinh tao nen cac tien bd xa hdi va PTCN 1.2 Ddn so vd nguon nhdn lire vira Id phirang tien vira Id dong lure ciia phdt trien ngir&i Dan sd cua mdt qudc gia vira la lire lugng san xuat, vira la lire lugng tieu dung xa hdi, bdi vay dan sd cd anh hudng true tiep den quy md co cau san xuat, tieu dimg va tich liiy xa hdi Chinh vi vay, muc tieu dat ddi vdi cac qudc gia, cac vimg lanh thd la dam bao dan sd dn dinh vdi nhiing ddng thai ludn phii hgp va cd Igi cho san xuat va tieu diing, tren co sd dd mdi cd the phat trien kinh te xa hdi ben viing va dam bao chat lugng cugc sdng cho ngudi dan cd nghTa la dam bao dugc muc tieu quan trgng nhat cua PTCN Vai trd cua dan sd va ngudn nhan lire ddi vdi sir phat trien cua mdt qudc gia ndi chung va PTCN ndi rieng la dieu da dugc khang dinh tir thirc tien ciia mgi md hinh phat trien Tir quan diem ngudn lire thuan tiiy ta thay, mot qudc gia cd dan sd ddng, trudc bet, dd la mdt chi bao ve sir ddi dao siic lao ddng va ciing la mdt chi bao quan trgng ve tiem luc vd tdi sdn cua mot quoc gia Tren co sd dan sd va ngudn nhan lire, ket hgp vdi tai nguyen va cdng nghe, qudc gia cd cac dieu kien de gia tang ciia cai vat chat va cac tien bd xa hdi cho PTCN Dieu cd the thay rd tir tiep can ve thue lire ciia mdt qudc gia, dugc cac hgc gia qudc te de xuat tir cudi ciia the ky XIX 1.2.1 Ddn so vd nguon luc tgo nen thue luc quoc gia Tiep can cac nhan td thue lire qudc gia dugc cac hpc gia qudc te nhu Ray Cline Hoang Thac Phong, Dinh Phong Tuan (Trung Qudc) ciing cac chuyen gia Nhat Ban da dua cac cdng thiic khac de tinh siic manh tdng hgp qudc gia' Theo quan diem nay, dan sd va ngudn nhan lire dugc coi la mdt cac nhan td tao nen siic manh tdng hgp cua mdt qudc gia, cdn ggi la thue lire qudc gia, bao gdm: a) Lanh thd va tai nguyen thien nhien; b) Dan sd va ngudn nhan lire; c) Chat lugng quan ly cua chinh phu; d) Tiem lire kinh te; e) Tiem lire quan sir - ngoai giao va f) Tiem lire ve khoa hgc ky thuat Tuy nhien, each tiep can nay, ngoai tai nguyen - vdn dugc cho la cai cd san thien nhien ciia mdt nude, nhung dan sd d dd qua ddng va sir dung khdng hieu qua theo hudng phat trien ben viing thi ngudn tai nguyen ciing cd the mat di nhanh chdng Nhiing tiem lire cdn lai, tir chat lugng quan ly cua chinh phu tdi cac tiem nang vl quan sir ngoai giao, deu la san pham sang tao cua tri tue ngudi Sir gia tang cua cac td co ban tiem lire cua mdt qudc gia, theo dd phu thudc vao trinh cua ngudi va ngudn nhan lire ciia qudc gia Nhu vay, cd the nhan dinh, ngudi va ngudn nhan lire la mot nhiing ddng lire phat trien quan trgng nhat, ddng ' Theo Le Canh Nhac, Sdd •* Giam ddc Trung tam nghien ciiu chiln luge va Vien nghien cuu qu6c ti cua Dai hoc Georgetown, My ^ Luang Van Ki (2007), Thi giai da chiiu, Nxb.ThI giai, Ha Noi, http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E %BB%A9cm%E %BA%A nh_t%E I %BB%95ng_h%E %BB%A3p_ qu%E %BB%91 c_gia Nghiin cdu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014 15 Nhiing ca hoi vd thdch thiic vai trd quylt djnh sir hinh tiem lire cua mdt qudc gia Hon niia, nhan td ngudi va ngudn nhan lire cdn cd Igi thi la nhan td nhit cd thi tai tao, gia tang vl chit lugng, nhim tao ddng thai phat triln tren mdt tim cao mdi Tuy nhien, dilu lai phu thudc dang kl vao cac tuu PTCN 7.2.2 Ddn sS vd ngudn nhdn luc la yiu td vd hinh ddc Met quan trong ndng sudt cdc nhdn td tdng hap tgo nen nin tdng vat chdt cho phdt trien nguai Vai trd ciia dan so va ngudn lire ngudi cdn dugc de cap nhu mdt yeu td quan trpng tao cac san phim xa hdi quan diem md hinh ddng gdp ciia cac nhan td tong hgp (TFP Total Factor Productivity)^ Ngay tir diu thi ky XX, cac nha kinh te Tan cl diln da xac dinh: sir tang trudng GDP ciia mdt qudc gia dugc hinh tir ba ylu t l CO ban: a) vdn tai chinh, b) lao ddng va c) nang suat cua cac nhan td tdng hgp Sau nay, md hinh TFP phan anh sir ddng gdp vao tang trudng khdng chi la cac yeu td hien huu nhu vdn tai chinh (tiin bac), siic lao ddng thd so hay tai nguyen thien nhien cdn dugc ggi la vdn truyen thdng, ma cdn cd vai trd quan trgng cua cac yeu td vd hinh nhu: kiln thiic kinh nghiem - ky nang lao ddng va quan ly, tien bd cua khoa hpc, ky thuat va cdng nghe, tiic san pham tri tue ciia ngudi cdn dugc ggi la cac nhan td hien dai, bao gdm: vdn ngudi va tien bd khoa hgc cdng nghe (tham khao hinh dudi day) Phan tich quan diem neu tren, ta thay rd, ddi mdi cdng nghe cd the coi la nhan td vd hinh khdng the thieu qua trinh tang trudng Nghien ciiu thirc nghiem d nhieu qudc gia, cac hgc gia da khang djnh vai trd to ldn ciia viec dau tu cho nghien ciiu va phat t r r f trien (R&D) da dem lai mdt chat lugng tang trudng mdi Cac nha kinh te lugng da lay sd lugng bang phat minh sang che dugc cap mdi lam dai dien cho miic cac cdng trinh R&D va cho thay hieu qua tang trudng cua mdt qudc gia ti le thuan vdi miic dau tu cho khoa hoc cdng nghe (KH-CN) cua qudc gia Va d day, mgi tiin bd cua KH-CN deu chinh la san pham sang tao cua ngudi, cua ngudn nhan lire chat lugng cao - chu nhan cua nen kinh te tri thiic Hinh So" ve cac nhan to tdng hop tham gia vao tang tru-dng kinh te „^ S v 4)WiB h CBI k l u B o o t ^ Den b ^ xa b&i C a< Mlaa lô Ubl) ft '^ ã Cs.* T i i w if- ;ii w-^Kjf - l i i T Jrri!'h.rf.Tai »|M^*B 'Jwr- ohiefi 1^ kinli tf ' Cz-: 'i^aJi ;d •:'f'; ^^i; V'OH CCT r '.'?- " 2 Hinh 2: So* do: Vong luan quan cua ngheo doi va moi quan he giira ngheo doi voi dan sd N ^ e a dai \ Thieu CO hpi, hoc van thap ThiSu an, benh tat va tii vong Thitnghiep, thieu vieclam, thu nhap thap \ Ngudn: Thue trgng quan he giira ddn so vd phdt trien a Viet Nam Thirc tl, GDP binh quan dau ngudi cua Viet Nam theo PPP chua bang 1/2 cua Philipin hay Indonesia, khoang 1/5 cua Thai Lan, 1/10 ciia Malaysia nam 1991 Con sd Nghiin cdu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014 23 Nhitng ca hoi vd thdch thirc da vugt qua muc 3/4, 1/3 va 1/5 cua cac nude tren sau gin 20 nam TS Pham Hdng Chuong cung nhan djnh: "thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi cua nude ta cdn thap xa so vdi mire binh quan chung ciia khu vuc, cua chau A va thi gidi" Ong nhan manh, sau ban mot phin tu thi ky dii mdi va md ciia, Viet Nam da chuyin tir nhdm nude cd thu nhap thip sang nhdm thu nhap trung binh, theo tieu chuin eua World Bank Tuy nhien, ve nhilu mat, ddng thai tang trudng kinh tl cua Viet Nam van chua the hien rd kha nang thoat khdi nguy co tut hau phat triln Trong do, mdt vai nam gan day, nen kinh tl cdn bde Id nhilu rui ro tilm in vl tinh bin viing ciia qua trinh tang trudng^ 3.5 Cdch thirc td chirc thirc hien cdc quy dinh phdp luat vi ddn so thieu khoa hpc Dan sd la vin dl nhay cam, lien quan true tilp din ngudi, quyen ngudi, ciing nhu quyIn cdng dan cua bg, dii tugng thue hien cdng tac dan sl lai rit phire tap, mgi td chirc, gia dinh, ca nhan vira la ddi tugng thi hanh, ciing chinh la chii thi tham gia td chiic thue hien chinh sach dan sd Them vao dd, viec chi dao thue hien cdng tac dan so thdi gian qua chu ylu thdng qua nghi quylt, chi thj cua Dang, quylt dinh, chi thi ciia Thu tudng Chinh phii va cac bd, nganh, thilu sir hudng dan thue thi mang tinh ddng bd va tinh thue tien cao Do do, viec thue hien cac quy dinh phap luat ve dan sd cac cdng ddng dan cu cdn tan man, each hiiu va van dung d nhilu noi cdn thilu thdng nhat Ngay ca Phap lenh Dan sl cua Viet Nam dugc xay dung vdi tu each la mdt van ban phap luat dieu chinh mot each he thdng, toan dien cac van de dan sd d nude ta, nhung ciing cdn nhiing ban che nhit dinh, nhu: chi dimg lai d "luat dng, luat khung", chua cd nhiing thdng tu hudng dan phii hgp vdi thue tien; pham vi dieu chinh cua Phap lenh cdn qua rdng, bao gdm ca quy md, co cau, phan bd, chat lugng dan sd, cac bien phap cua cdng tac dan sd va quan ly nha nude ve dan sd nen viec dieu chinh trd nen chdng cheo, khd khan va thieu tri et de, Do tap trung vao muc tieu giam nhanh miic sinh nen pham vi ciia chinh sach dan sd hien hanh mdi chi gidi ban viec dieu chinh quy md dan sd thdng qua thue hien KHHGD, cac yeu td co cau, chat lugng dan sd va phan bd dan cu lai bj coi nhe Day ciing la ke hd d mot sd viing mien, dja phuong, nen mdt sd vin dh vl dan sl va ngudn lire lai ndi len, nhu: viec gia tang dan sd co hgc, mit can bing gidi tinh sinh, thieu hgp ly phan bd ngudn nhan luc, Trudc siic ep ciia sir gia tang dan so qua nhanh, lam anh hudng din sir phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi, lam giam nang suit lao ddng va hieu suit cdng tac, mdt sd bd, nganh va dia phuang lai ban hanh each thirc triln khai chinh sach DS - KHHGD chua thing nhit, khdng phii hgp vdi phap luat hien hanh Dilu da lam anh hudng khdng nhd din viec thue hien chii truang, chinh sach dan sl cua Dang va Nha nude Tham khao De tai khoa hoc c§p Nha nuac "Mo hinh tang truang kinh t6 Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020: tir nhan thue tai hanh dgng" DH Kinh ti Quic dan thue hien 2010 - 2011, http://congdong.ez/home/43769/nguoi-xung-quanh-ta-co-thu-nhap-bao-nhieu.htm#ixzz361i3o83q 24 Nghiin cuu Con ngudi sd 3(72) 2014 Trinh Thi Kim Ngoc 3.6 Moi quan he giira ddn so, nguon lire vd phdt trien ngiroi chira dirac quan tdm phoi hgp nghien ciru dt mire cdn thiet Mdi quan he giua dan sd, ngudn lire va PTCN khdng phai la vin dl mdi Tuy nhien, nghien ciiu va thue thi cdng tac dan sd chua thi hien rd sir phdi hgp chat che giiia cac CO quan, td chiic nghien ciiru, ciing nhu chua cd sir hgp tac xay dung chinh sach phap luat giiia cac hgc gia khoa hgc xa hdi va cac nha hoach djnh chinh sach cua cac bd, nganh Dieu ciing la mdt nguyen nhan tao nen nhiing vin dl cdng tac dan sd Mot sd khuyen nghj va giai phap nham thiic day cdng tac dan sd va ngudn nhan luc vi muc tieu phat trien ngudi Trudc thue trang va cac xu hudng ve co cau dan sd hien d nude ta, chiing tdi de xuat mdt sd khuyen nghi va giai phap sau day nham muc tieu quan ly dan sd va ngudn nhan lire vi muc tieu PTCN: 4.1 Khuyen nghi ve mat nhdn thirc Hien nay, nhiing co hdi dan sd dang dien va "co cau dan sd vang" d nude ta dang f r \ \ r r den rat gan, ben canh dd la nhiing thach thiic khdng nhd ve dan sd Vi vay, nhiing van \ r > r \ t de tren can dat vao diing vi tri chien luge kinh te xa hdi Can phai de mgi ngudi t "x r r dan hieu tam quan trgng cua nhiing co hdi va thach thiic dan sd ddi vdi sir phat trien ciia dat nude Neu ngudi dan thue sir hieu "yeu td dan sd" thi chien luge kinh te thdi gian tdi cua Viet Nam khdng the khdng di theo hudng uu tien tao nhieu viec lam, cdn giao due, dao tao phai trd mot yeu td cd tam chien luge dac biet va lau dai, phai dugc uu tien theo hudng phd cap, day nghe, dai chiing va chuyen nghiep Dieu ddi hdi can cd mdt sir ddi mdi tu khoa hgc ciia Dang ta va nhirng ngudi td chiic thue thi chinh sach, phap luat dan sd 4.2 Khuyen nghi ve viec hoan thien chinh sdch vd cdc che tdi phdp ly thurc hien phdp lenh ddn so a) Diu tien la khuyin nghj ve viec hoan thien chinh sach va each thiic td chiic quan ly dan sd: la cac chinh sach tri miic sinh hgp ly de cd co cau dan sd dam bao sir phat triln kinh tl xa hdi nhanh va ben virng; phat trien ngudn nhan lire chat lugng cao; xay dimg va md rdng cac dich vu cham sdc sire khde gia dinh va phiic Igi xa hdi; kiem soat ti le gidi tinh sinh; ho trg ca nhan, gia dinh cd cac van dk ve benh di truyen; nang cao phiic Igi xa hdi; dam bao cac dich vu xa bdi co ban cho ngudi di cu b) D I dam bao quy md, ca ciu va chit lugng dan sd, ciing nhu viec phan bd ngudn nhan lire thirc sir trd nhiing ylu td quyet djnh su phat trien ben viing dat nude va PTCN, trudc hit ddi hdi chinh sach dan sd phai mang tinh tien tiin, ddng bd, cd hieu qua, dap ling yeu ciu ndi dung cua Chiln luge kinh te - xa hdi cua dat nude giai doan hien ndi chung, ciing nhu Chiln luge DS SKSS ndi rieng, bao gdm ca cac hudng din thirc thi va cac chi tai phap luat ngudi dan vi pham Phap lenh Dan sd c) Trong xu thi hdi nhap qudc tl, ddi hdi cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve dan sd phai thing nhit, cd sir hda ddng vdi phap luat cua khu vuc va the gidi, nham tao khung khd phap ly binh ding viec tang cudng hgp tac qudc te ITnh vuc dan sd va phat triln, cac cdng udc, dilu udc qudc tl cd lien quan ma Viet Nam da ky ket hoac gia nhap Nghiin cuu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014 25 Nhitng ca hoi vd thdch thicc 4.3 Mpt sd gidi phdp di thirc thi cong tdc ddn sd dwac di xudt nim sau 4.3.1 Giao due truyin thong vi nhdn khdu hoc nhdm dn dinh ti le tdng ddn sd hap ly, phu hap vai yeu cdu phdt trien cua ddt nuac, Id: Khuyin khich gidi tre kit hdn d tudi thich hgp va ung hd xay dung quy md gia dinh it nhim khdng ngimg nang cao chit lugng cugc song Tang cudng giao due va djch vu sire khde sinh san tudi vj nien; dac biet la tri giao due va cac dich vu siic khde sinh san cho nhirng ngudi thiet thdi ve kinh tl va vj thi xa hdi Diy manh viec dao tao cac nhan vien boat ddng ITnh vuc sire khde di truyin va md rdng cac loai hinh djch vu Phd cap rdng rai djch vu siic khde di truyen - Diy manh truyin thdng giao due va chuyin dii hanh vi; xay dung nip sing van hda, xda bd kiln trgng nam khinh nir nhim tri sir can bing ve ti le gidi tinh - Tuyen truyin, giao due phi cap cac kiln thiic vl djch vu siic khde di truyen cdng ding Duy tri giao due cac djch vu siic khde sinh san cho nhiing ngudi bj tat nguyin Kit hgp viec giao due phdng ngira vdi cac he thdng dieu trj va djch vu sue khde sinh san cho cac benh nhan tam than Xay dung sir cam ket va ung hd cua cac cap iiy dang, chinh quyen, cac td chiic xa hdi ve chuong trinh nang cao chat lugng dan sd; tang cudng tuyen truyen, tu van, ho trg nang cao siic khde the chat, tri tue va tinh than cho cac nhdm ddi tugng dac biet; trien khai cac md hinh cung cap dich vu va van ddng de tang sir chap nhan sang lgc so sinh tai ^ r r f r cdng ddng; dao tao, cung cap thiet bi cho cae trung tam tu van, djch vu dan sd d cac tinh, phd Tren co sd do, nang cao tam vdc, the lire va trinh dan tri cua ngudi Viet Nam Day la giai phap yeu cau cd sir phdi hgp tich cue ciia he thdng y te cham sdc siic khde ba me, tre em, vj nien, ngudi cao tudi va sir tham gia ciia nganh giao due 4.3.2 Hodn thien cdc ca sa dich vu cham sdc sice khoe sinh sdn vd sue khoe di truyen ciia ddn so vd nguon nhdn luc Xay dung va hoan tat he thdng djch vu siic khde di truyin nhim cung cip cho ngudi dan mdt djch vu hoan chinh Xay dung, tri va nang cao chat lugng djch vu siic khde di truyin va dich vu chit lugng cao vl cham sdc siic khde di truyin Tu vin chuin doan di truyin trudc sinh; Kilm tra dii vdi benh bim sinh vl he thing trao ddi chit d tre so sinh; Xay dung cac tieu chuan cho timg loai djch vu siic khde di truyin 4.3.3 Ndng cao ndng luc qudn ly, xdy dung cdc bien phdp hd tra qudn ly nhdm thue Men tot muc tieu vd ndng cao hieu qud cong tdc ddn sd vd ngudn nhdn luc Xay dung he thing thdng tin quan ly chit lugng dan sd Xay dung va ciing cd he thdng dang ky va theo ddi cac tre nhd bi khuylt tat bim sinh va cac nhdm dan cu dac biet Diy m^nh cdng tac nghien cim khoa hgc irng dung phuc vu nhirng vin dl dan sd va PTCN Tien hanh nghien cim va danh gia lien nganh giira nghien cim KHXH vdi cac nghien ciiu va djch vu tang cudng siic khde dan sd Tang cudng nghien cim, hgc tap, trao dii kinh nghiem va hgp tac qudc tl ITnh vuc dan sd va nguIn nhan lire vi muc tieu PTCN d Viet Nam 26 Nghiin cdu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014 Trinh Thi Kim Ngoc Ket luan Nhiing luan giai tren day cho thay, dan sd se phat huy dugc vai trd ddng lire quan nhat quy md dan sd, tdc tang trudng dan sd, sir phan bd dan cu va ngudn nhan lire that su phu hgp va tac ddng tich cue den su phat trien Sir phii hgp dd la yeu td quan trgng kich thich sir phat trien nhanh va bin viing, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eua nhan dan, nang cao tiem lire cua lire lugng san xuat; la yeu td co ban de xda ddi, giam ngheo, giam tinh trang that nghiep, giam ti le mil chii, ti le suy dinh dudng, nang cao trinh hgc van, nang cao vj the cua ngudi phu nii, giam rui ro ve mdi trudng, md rgng dich vu y te, xa hdi va huy ddng ngudn lire dau tu cho phat trien san xuat kinh doanh, khoa hgc cdng nghe; gdp phan thirc hien muc tieu dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh Vi vay, van de dat la chiing ta se thirc hien Phap lenh Dan sd va triln khai Chiln luge DS SKSS giai doan 2011 2020 nhu the nao thdi gian tdi, nham giai quyet timg bude nhiing thach thiic dang dat tren day, ma cac van de ve dan sd cua nude ta chua trd nen dac biet nghiem trgng Tai lieu tham khao Biii The Cudng, "Ky nguyen dan so vang va tang truong kinh te d Viet Nam", Tap chi Ddn sd &phdt triin, sl 10/2004, Website Tdng cue DS KHHGD Tran Tho Dat, Dd Tuyet Nhung, "Vai tro ciia nang suit nhan tl tong hop tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam", Tap chi Kinh te vd Phdt trien, so 169, 7/2011 Tran Dang Hing, So sanh GDP ddu nguai cua Viet Nam vai vdi nuac A chau Luong Van Ke (2007), Thi giai da chieu, Nxb The gidi Ha Noi Giang Thanh Long (2008a), "Aging Population and the Public Pension Scheme in Vietnam: A Long-term Financial Assessment", East&West Studies, Vol.20, Issue (June 2008): 171-193 Giang Thanh Long (2008b), "Siic khde va viec lua chon, sir dung cac co sd kham chua benh cua ngudi cao tuli Viet Nam", Tap chi Bdo hiem Xd hoi, sl 7/2008, tr.37 43 & 48 Giang Thanh Long va Biii The Cudng, "Co cau dan sl vang d Viet Nam Co hoi va thach thiic va nhiing khuyen nghj chinh sach", Du an VNM7PG0009 cua Tong cue Dan sl kl hoach hoa gia dinh Quy Dan so Lien hgp quoc (UNFPA) tai trg Le Canh Nhac, "Dan sl Yeu to quan dk phat triln ben vung" Cue Kinh te hgp tac va phat trien ndng thdn Nguyin Ba Thuy, "Chit lugng dan sl Viet Nam thdi ky hoi nhap" Tap chi Ddn sd & Phdt triin, so (78)/ 2007 Nghiin cdu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014 27 Nhitng ca hpi vd thdch thiec 10 Dai hoc Kinh tl Quoc dan, De tai khoa hoc cap Nha nude "Md hinh tang trudng kinh tl Viet Nam giai doan 2011 2020: tir nhan thue tdi hanh ddng", thue hien nam 2010 - 2011, http://congdong.cz/home/43769/nguoi-xung-quanh-ta-co-thu-nhap-baonhieu.htm#ixzz361i3o83q 11 Tdng cue dan sd, Quy Dan so Lien hgp qudc, "Dan sd va phat trien", Tai lieu dung cho Chuong trinh bdi dudng nghiep vu dan so - ke hoach hoa gia dinh Ha Npi, 121 trang 12 Vien Quan ly kinh tl trung uong (2011), "Quy hoach phat trien nhan lire tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2011-2020", Ha Noi, 8/2011, 64 trang 13 "Chua giau da gia", Bao Thanhnien online, 08/9/2013, http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/pages/20130908/chua-giau-da-gia.aspx 14 "Dan dng se kho kiem vg mit can bing gidi tinh", http://www.baomoi.com/Danong-se-kho-kiem-vo-do-mat-can-bang-gioi-tinh/139/14229295 epi 15 "Nam 2014, Viet Nam se la nude co dan so gia , Baoo nien 22/6/2013 http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/newsl/pages/200525/113733.aspx 16 "Thu nhap ngudi Viet Nam d muc nao cua khu vuc?" Thdi bao Kinh tl Sai Gon, 30/3/2012,http://congdong.cz/home/43769/nguoi-xung-quanh-ta-co-thu-nhap-baonhieu.htm#ixzz36lxTuvv4 28 Nghiin cdu Con ngudi so 3(72) 2014