DOC SACH r-i ^/-i -fi T A C DONG CUA VON XA HOI DEN NONG DAN TRONG QUA TRINH P H A T TRIEN BEN VtJNG NONG THON VUNG DONG B A N G BAC BO (2010 - 2020) ( Khuc Thi Thanh Van (chu bien) Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hpi 2013 278tr.) Cudn sach Tdc dgng cita vdn xd hgi den nong ddn qua trinh phdt trien ben vung ndng thon vimg Ddng hdng Bde Bg (2010 - 2020) Khiic Thi Thanh Van ehu bien duoc bien scan dya iren ket qua khao sat tai hai dm ban chiu anh hudng tae ddng I AC DONG CUA manh me eiia qua trinh dd Ihi hda la Nam Dinh v i VON XA HOI Bac Ninh Cudn saeh gdm ehuong cung cap day DEN N N G D A N dii ea d phuang dien H luan va thye tien ve vdn xa hpi phat trien ben vftng ndng thdn ddng bang Bac Bd: tim hieu thyc trang tac ddng cua vdn xa hdi den ngudi ndng dan qua trinh phat trien 10 nam tro lai day \a dua mdt sd giai phip flng dung vdn xa hdi nham thiic day phat trien ben vftng ndng ihdn ddng bang Bac Bd giai doan 2010 - 2020 Chuang 1: "Vdn xa hdi va phai trien ben \ iing \'iing ndng ihdn" Trong chuong nay, lie gii lim rd khai niem vdn xa hdi khai niem phat tnen ben vftng mdi quan he gifta vdn xa hdi va phat irien ben vung, khung phan tich vdn xa hdi va phat irien ben vftng khu vye ndng Ihdn v i diem lai mdt sd nghien cflu ve vdn xa hdi d Viet Nam Ddng thdi lac gia gidi thieu ddi net ve dia ban nghien cflu ve su phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua ddng bing Bic Bg 10 nam tro lai day v i khai niem von xa hdi, diem khac biet giua cac nha khoa hpc nhu Pierre Bourdieu (1986) James Coleman (1988) Robert Putnam (2000) dugc the hien qua ba each tiep can eiia hp viec xem \ e f each tiep can vT md each tiep can trung gian va each tiip can vi md Tu; nhien xem \cl cae nghien ciru ve vdn xa hdi cung nhu vai trd, hipu qua ciia nd ddi vdi cac ITnh vuc khac cua xa hpi cd the thiy cac nhi nghien cflu diu cd chung mdt sd quan diem thdng nhat ve vdn xa hdi Vdn xa hdi la sy gin liin vdi mang ludi xa hdi va quan he xa hdi: gan \di ngudn lyc; va viec tao hanh ddng diu tu tham gia vao cac quan he xa hdi v i thual ngfl phat trien ben \ftng thual ngu na) duge Hdi ddng Thi gidi vi Mdi trudng v^ Phai irien neu nhu sau: Phat irien ben vftng dugc hieu la sy kit htrp giiia NgMSn cuu Con ngudf s62(71) 2014 69 Dgc sdeh "try cdt": mdi trudng (he sinh thai), kinh te vi xa hgi Tren thyc te, dya vao timg tinh hudng cu thi, md hinh try cdt da bpc Id nhiing rui ro thieu sdt, va da cd nhftng quan diim phe binh ddi vdi md hinh Sy ddng thuin viec thue bien phit trien ben vung la mdt no luc giim bdi yiu to chinh tri viec quyet dinh bang cich tao mdt sd CO ebi qua trinh dan den md hinh cd yeu td, la: mdi trudng, kinh te, xa hpi vi the che Tie gia khang dinh cd su lien quan manh me gifta vdn xa hdi vi phit trien ben vung khia canh mdi trudng va mdi quan be tuong tic ket hgp vdi khia canh xa hpi Tu nhirng din chung thyc te nghien cuu dat khai niem cdng cu nham nghien cfln tic ddng cfla vdn xa hdi den ngudi ndng dan qua trinh phat trien ben vftng Dd li ca sd tao khung phan tich vdn xa hdi vi phil trien ben vftng d ndng thdn Ddng thdi, tie gii cung khii quit ddi net ve sy phat trien cung nhu dinh gii ve vdn xa hgi d Viet Nam thdng qua hai khia canh ly thuyet va thyc tien Tie gii dua eai nhin tdng quan ve sy phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua ddng bang Bac Bd 10 nam trd Iai day thue trang phat irien kinh te - xa hdi d khu vyc eung nhu nhung thay ddi xa hdi Cung vdi sy tang trudng ve kinh te thi ngudi ndng din d khu vyc niy dang phai duong dau vdi mgt loat su phat trien khdng dn djnh ve kinh te, xa hdi va mdi trudng bi d nhiem cdng cudc thj hda vi cdng nghiep bda dang dien Vin de bio ve mdi trudng ludn di kem vdi sy phat trien ben vung qua trinh phit trien kinh le Nhftng thay ddi dan den sy thay ddi cua cie loai ngudn vdn tie ddng den ngudi ndng dan dd cd sy thay ddi vdn sin xuat, vdn ngudi Ddng thdi lac gia chi nhting thach thuc nhu dat dai thi tnidng giao due ca sd tang, ddi vdi ngudi ndng din khu vue ddng bang Bae Bd cilng nhu nhiing thich nghi cua hp giai doan tdi Chuong 2: "Vdn xa hdi - yeu td hd trg ngudi ndng dan vung ddng bang Bac Bd qua Irinh phat trien" Tie gii dua cai nhin tdng quit ve cac mdi quan he xa bdi, mang ludi xa hpi vdi tu each la vdn x§ hdi tai ddng bang Bae Bd Nhung bien ddi va thay ddi cua gia dinh, ddng hg edng ddng ling xa ngudi Viet khu vye Irong giai doan ddi mdi efla qui trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda cing ro ret Ddi vdi gia dinh, ddng hg da cd nhiing bien ddi ca ve quy md va co cau Dieu keo theo su thay ddi ve mat cu trfl, chuc nang va eic mdi quan he gia dinh va ddng hg Mat khae, nd cung dan ldi sy thay ddi co eau nghe nghiep ciia cac gia dinh Ddi vdi ling, cd nbieu bien ddi cd sy Ird lai vdi tinh chat truyen thdng lien quan den eac thiet che ling xa vi nhftng sy thay ddi mang hudng tich cyc co cau eua ling cflng vdi nhftng thay ddi xa bdi ndi chung Nhdm xa hdi va td chflc xa bdi tdn tai d dang khic nhau: nhdm khdng ehinh thflc (hgi cd ludng, hdi choi dieu, ); cae td chfle bin chinh ihflc vi dugc Uy ban nhan dan cip xa phe duyet Ihinh lap (nhdm quan Iy rimg, nhdm van nghe ); cac Id chflc chinh thflc (Hdi Phu nu Hdi Ndng dan, Hdi Cyu chiin binh Doan Thanh nien, ) Trai qua thdi gian phat Irien mdt sd td chflc da ed nhftng diu hieu cua viec bi hinh ehinh hda nhung khdng the phu nhan dugc nhung hieu qua nhit dinh cua eic nhdm niy viec tao 70 NgMSn cdu Con ngudf s62(71) 2014 Pham Thj Cdm Tu cic ngudn vdn kinh te, die biet li cic hdi doan the chinh thuc Qua khio sil tai cic khu vuc dang chiu tic ddng manh me eua qui trinh ddthi hda la dia bin xi Ldc Hda phudng Ldc Vugng, tinh Nam Dinh; hai xa Tam Son vi Tuong Giang thupc tinh Bac Ninh, lic gia da phic hga nen bfle tranh tuong ddi khii quit cho khu vuc ddng bing Bie Bd qua eic khia canh eu thi: vi tri dia 1> dan sd, ca ciu nghe nghiep, lin dung vay vdn, mdi trudng vi thi chi Tic gii da cd nhihig ket qui nghien cflu ciing nhu nhung dinh hudng danh gii chinh vi vdn xa hdi Thd nhdt, nghien cflu chi duge sy tin tudng eua ca nhan Irong cdng ddng qua ba khia canh Ii sy tin tudng cua ngudi dan sy tin tudng irong ndi bd cdng ddng vi sy tin ludng gifta cac cdng ddng vdi Cac thiit chi niy se tao cho ca nhan co hdi Iham gia vio eac nhdm cic mang ludi khac thudc loai hinh nhdm xa hdi phi chi'nh thuc Cae gii tri, chuan mye va niem tin cpng ddng dugc eac ci nhan coi Irgng sy hgp tic cdng viee sin xuat chinh la nhiing diem manh de phil huy dugc ngudn vdn xa hgi cua cgng ddng, Cau true cfla vdn xa hdi cdng ddng duge xac dinh bao gdm cae thinh phan sy hoat ddng d cap the che dia phuong, ci chinh thflc vi khdng chinh thflc vdi lu each li edng cu cfla su phat trien cpng ddng Sy hd Irg cua cic id chflc (Hdi Phu nft, Hdi Ndng dan, Hdi Cyu chien binh) ddi vdi bp gia dinh la rat quan trpng, nd tao dieu kien thflc day phat trien kinh te dia phuong va eflng tao nen mdi mang ludi eic quan he xa hgi Thii hai vai trd cua vdn xa hdi ddi vdi ngudi ndng dan vung ddng bang Bac Bd duge tic gia xem xet tren ba binh dien: bd trg phil Irien kinh te gdm sin xuit ndng nghiep va boat ddng phi ndng nghiep; ho trg phat trien xa bdi gdm hd irg chuyen doi nghe nghiep cic ci nhan tim kiem viec lam va mang ludi an sinh xa hdi; ho trg cac ca nhan vay mugn liin Vai trd cua vdn xa hdi khdng chi viee tao ngudn lye bd trg cho ca nhan vi gia dinh ma cdn ed vai trd dinh hudng giao due eung nhu mang den cho ci nhan sy chia se giup dd ve mat tinh than, vat chit, lao ddng lyc cho su phit irien kinh li xa hdi Mat khac, tac gia phan tich nhung dieu kien eua vdn xa hdi de giai quyet cac vin de xa hdi, mdi Irudng eua cdng ddng Thic ba, lie gia dua nhftng dy bao phat trien cua vdn xa bdi ndng thdn ddng bing Bie Bd din nam 2020 xu the phil trien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, die biet d ITnh vyc pbat trien cdng nghiep (mi ehu yiu hudng ldi phit triin liiu thfl cdng nghiep) Chuang 3: "Diu tu iri vdn xa bdi va giai phap xay dyng, khai thic vdn xa hdi dk phat triin bin vung d vung ddng bang Bac Bd" Su ddng gdp khdng he nhd cua gia dinh ddng hg da tao nen ddng lyc de moi ci nhan chju tic dpng bdi chinh ngudn vdn xa hdi qui trinh hgc lap va eon dudng phin diu Tic gii cho ring, viec dau tu va tri mdi quan he gia dinh - ddng hp va mdi quan he cdng ddng, td ehfle la cdt Idi nham liep can huy ddng ngudn vdn di diu lu bieu qua vio viec phil trien kinh te vi pbat trien cdng ddng Tuy nhien, vin xa hpi cd nhflng tie ddng lieu cyc Irong bdi canh ling xa ed anh budng din cae ea NghlSn edu Con ngudt sd 2(71) 2014 Doc sach nhan ben ngoai nhdm lin ci nhan ben cua nhdm Nghien cflu chi sy loai tru ddi vdi ca nhan khdng thudc nhdm sy khdng minh bach mgt mdi trudng the che, die biet ddi vdi ndng thdn thi su Hen ket chat che ddng bg cd nguy co tao linh cue bp ddng hg va sy chia re d ndng thdn Ddng thdi cdn ban che ve tinh sing lao, sang kiin cfla mdi ca nhin luan thu eie chuan muc tham gia nhdm Cac giai phap xay dimg va hu\ ddng vdn xa hdi dugc dai ra: mdi la ve viec tim hieu, xac dinh vi Iam ro ngudn vdn xa hdi cdng ddng Viet Nam can phai nhin thflc ro rang cac yeu td tich cyc tiem an cua vdn xa hdi vi die biet lien hinh nghien cflu ve ngudn vdn xa hdi d khu vyc ndng thdn nham dua cic sd lieu phuc vu cho viec hoach dinh chinh sach cua Chinh pbu; hai la ve van de xay dung vdn xa hdi dya Iren xay dyng mdi the che minh bach, cdng khai ddng thdi qua trinh xay dung chinh sach can cd sy tham gia eua cdng ddng mdi each sau rdng va cd y nghTa thyc su; ba ii, can dau tu vao co sd ba tang vi xay dyng khu vyc khdng gian (nhi van hda) tao dieu kien cho sy tucmg tac Ian nhau, tao niem tin cdng ddng; bdn la, tao mdi co che cd su thay ddi ve mat ehflc nang de phu hgp vdi nhihig chuyen bien kinh le, xa hdi vi sy tham gia thuc su cfla cae vien eac td chflc cbinb thflc vi phi chinh thflc nham tang cudng nang luc trao quyen va nang cao sy Iham gia; nam li, sfl dung cdng eu Ihdng tin dai chung mdi each minh bach, nhit la ddi vdi khu vyc ndng thdn lang eudng sy tiep can thdng tin cdng ddng, la yeu td ihuc day vdn xa hgi cfla ci nhan hinh thinh vi phit Irien Viee khai thac vdn xa hdi thdng qua viec xay dyng mdi quan he ddi tic tren ca sd xay dung cic quan he cua ca nhan khdng thudc Id chflc va cac chuong trinh dy in, cflng vdi viec xay dyng dugc nang luc ehinh td ehflc dd giflp thyc hien tdt muc dich tao hieu qui la sy tin cay Cach tao dyng va khai thic vdn xa hdi hieu qua nhin manh vio viec thu hut ngudi dan tham gia vio cac boat dgng nhdm, vai trd cua tung ca nhan die biet quan Irpng viec tao sy ket ndi, va hd trg cho cpng ddng biet each khai thac sfl dung vdn xa hdi mgt each hftu ich Tie gia khang dinh vdn xa hdi gift vai trd quan trgng qui trinh phat trien ben viing, nhat la viec giai quyet cac chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc ve ndng nghiep d Viet Nam ndi ehung va ddng bang Bac Bd noi rieng Vdn xa hdi ldn lai d mgi xa hdi mpi cdng ddng va mgi td chflc mien noi dd cd niem lin cbuan muc, su chia se xa bdi Su dung ngudn vdn xa hdi nhu mgt ngudn lue quan Irgng sy phit trien se gdp phan dua vung ddng bang Bae Bd trd khu vyc phit trien ben vftng vdi tang trudng kinh te cao di ddi vdi tang trudng ve phuc Igi xa bgi va bio ve mdi Irudng dap flng dugc yeu cau ciia xa hpi cdng nghiep hda vao nhting nam 2020 Cudn saeh la lai lieu tham khao buu ich cbo cac nha nghien cuu hoach djnh chinh sich phil trien ben vung ve kinh te - xa hdi an sinh xa hdi va cdng bang xa bdi d cic vung ndng thdn Viet Nam Phgm Thf cAm Tti j2 NghlSn cdU Con ngudi s62(71} 2014