NH A NGHIDN cOVTRi DANH CHO /f \ A' / COP PHAN TIM HIEU NClTOl HOA QUA YAN BIA CHlf HAN TRONG HOI OUAN NO/Cll HOA TAI THANH PHO HO CHJ MINH PH^M NGQC HU'd'NG Vifn Khoa hpc xa h^i viing Nam Bp Tom Idt: Ngudi Hoa la mpt bp phan dan tpc khong tach rdi dgi gia dinh cac dan tpc Vift Nam Hp c6 nhilu ddng gdp cdc ITnh vyc chinh trj, kinh tl, vdn hda, xd hOi ljch stt nudc nha Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi thdng qua hf thing vdn bia chtt Han ttong Hpi qudn ngirdi Hoa tim hilu ten tuoi, mpt so hdng buon ldn cua ngudi Hoa hoat dpng mang ludi kinh tl tai Sdi Gdn thi kJ XIX, dong thdi tim hieu them ddi sdng, vdn hda xa hpi ciia ngudi Hoa tgi Thdnh phd Hi Chi Minh ttong ljch stt Ttt khda: Ngudi Hoa, van hoa, Hdi qudn, thdnh phd Hd Chf Minh Dat van de Ndi vd vdn bia chtt Hdn frong Hpi qudn ngudi Hoa ( # 1 ) , khdng thi khdng ndi tdi ngudn gdc ddi cdc Hpi quan ngudi Hoa tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Sdi Gdn Gia Djnh xua la dat budn ban noi tieng, thuyen xe tdp nap, hdng hda luu thdng ndn da thu hut ngudi Hoa ddn sinb sdng, lam dn budn ban Ngudi Hoa din thdnh Hd Chi Minh chia ldm nhilu nhdm ngdn ngtt khdc va t l chttc song theo bang, hdi Hg xay ldn nhung tru sd lam noi hgi hpp, trao dli thdng tin, md rdng gido due, chdm sdc anh tdi, bdo vd, ttg giup lan gitta nhung ngudi ding huong, noi dd dugc gpi la Hdi quan va "nhd dd lam noi lien lac tinh lang nghTa xdm, hgp hanh ban vide budn bdn"*" Hdi qudn cdn cd mdt chttc nang ntta dd Id lo vifc ma chay, NGHIEN cflu TRUNG quO'C so 11 (171) - 2015 chdm lo tmdng hpc, nghTa trang, la noi thd Cling, phue vu tin ngudng cua ngudl dan Nhd vay hp ludn gitt dugc bdn sdc ridng cua minh bilt bao cdc dan tdc khdc d Viet Nam Ci Thdiih Ho Chi Minh cd 11 Hdi quan cua nhdm ngudi Hoa khac nhau, gom; Hdi qudn cua ngudi Phuc Kiln (Hdi qudn Ha Chuang, Hdi quan n Ldng, Hgi quan Tam Son); HOi qudn cua ngudi Tridu Chdu (Hdi quan NghTa An); Hgi qudn cua ngudi Qudng Ddng (Hdi qudn Tuf Thanh, Hpi quan Qudng Trifu); Hgi quan cua ngudi Hai Nam (Hdi quan Quynh Phtt); Hdi quan cua ngudi He (Hdi qudn Quan Tdn); Hdi quan ctta ngudi Minh Huong (Minh Huong Gla Thanh, Hdi quan NghTa Nhudn, Hdi qudn Lf Chdu) Hpi quan xdy dyng sdm nhdt vdo khoang nam 1760 la Hgi qudn Tud Thanh cua ngudi 67 PHAM NGQC HU'6^NG Quang Ddng, cdn lai cdc Hdi qudn diu xdy dyng thi ky XIX Bia da ddi qua trinh giao Iuu budn ban, sinh hoat tin nguong, nhdm ghi tac lai cdng trgng ciia cac than, vide trung tu, stta chuB Hdi quan, nhttng sy kidn quan trpng xdy tai Hdi quan hay ten tudi nhthig ngudi ddng gdp xdy dyng Hdi quan de luu truyen mai mai Qua nhung tu lidu khac ghi trdn van bia cd the tim hieu them dugc nhidu ITnh vuc boat dfng kinh te, ten tudi va cac hang budn cua ngudi Hoa tgi Sai Gdn Ihl ky XIX, cac vdn dd vdn hda, chinh tri, xa hpi, ca vl vat chdt Ian tinh than cua ngudi Hoa Ijch stt Trudc cung da cd rat nhieu cdng trinh, bdi vidt ve cdc ITnh vyc cua ngudi Hoa, nhung ndi nhu tac gia Li Tana thi: "Cac cdng trinh nay, deu lap di lap lgi la ngudl Hoa da lam chu nin thuang mgi Vift Nam, nhung khdng mgt cdng trinh nao ndu dugc ldn cua mpt hdng budn nao dd cua ngudi Hoa thi ky XIX, dung ndi gi tdi su hieu bilt vd quyln sd huu cua hp, hay hp thufc ve nhdm phuong ngtt ndo, boat ddng nganh thuong mgi ndo vd mang ludi budn ban ciia hg sao, cac nha nghidn cuu tgi cac nudc Ddng Nam A khdc ttt nhidu ndm da suu tap cac dtt lifu de nghidn cttu de tai nay"*^' Trong bdi viet nay, chung tdl thdng qua tu lifu tren bia dd ddi chieu vdi cdc tu lieu lidn quan de tien them mdt budc tim hidu ve tdn tudi, cdc hdng budn cua ngudl Hoa hoat ddng tai Viet Nam thi k^ XIX bidt la tu lifu chtt Hdn frdn bia da ludn Id nhttng chttng ctt quan trpng dd nghidn cttu, tim hilu vl ngudl Hoa trdn ddt Vift Nam ndi chung va Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng TSn tuli, cac hang budn mang ludi hoat dgng kinh te cua ngirdi Hoa qua vipc quySn gdp triing tu Ngay ttt mdi tdi Vift Nam hg da cd sy lidn kdt nhdm, tdc ngudi vdi nhau, hp sdng tttng khu vyc de dd dang hd tro va bao vd ldn Dac biet la gidl thuong gia vdl nhung hogt ddng budn ban sdi nil Trong thdi gian ttt thi ky XVII ddn XIX, hdu hdt cac trung tam kinh td, thj, hdi cang sam udt ciia Vift Nam ddu cd cac quan the dan cu ngudi Hoa sinh song va budn ban khu vuc Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, ngudl Hoa sdng tap trung d khu vyc Chg Ldn Nghi nghidp ctta hp chu yeu Id budn ban va thu cdng nghifp Cac boat ddng thucmg nghifp ciia hp da gdp phan tich cyc vao sy phat triln va hinh thdnh dd thj Trong ITnh vyc kinh te thuong mgi, ntta dau the ky 'XIX, dudi thdi cai fri ciia cac vua Nguydn, ngudi Hoa cfing dugc hudng nhidu chinh sdch uu dai Nhd Nguyen cho phep ngudi Thanh cu frii va quan ly theo bang, hpi va dugc ty budn ban''' Qua nhttng tu lifu ghi chep tren van bia Hdi quan ngudi Hoa tgi Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cd thi phdn nao hidu dugc mang ludi boat dgng kinh doanh budn ban va vide quydn gdp tidn de xay dyng, trCing tu Hdi qudn Clia hp Cd nhttng Hdi quan mfl dgt triing tu cd tdl hon 3000 ngudl dung quyen gdp tien Nhu van bia Bdi khdi ve viic quyin tien xdy lgi mieu thien hgu bang Qudng Trieu a Sdi Gdn/mi^mMi^iU^M Theo thdng ke, cd tdng cpng 53 vdn bia 11 Hdi qudn Cac bia da chu ydu cd nien dai thi ky XIX va XX Nhttng tai lieu, hidn vdt, kidn triic Hdi quan, ddc 68 - NGHI£N cflu TRUNG quOC so 11 (171) - 2015 « I ^han tim hiiu ngu&i Hoa qua van bia ebu-Hdn I quydn gdp so vdi glai doan dd cd gid frj rdt Idn Theo quy dinh ve che dp luong bdng fridu Nguydn ndm 1834, tii tdi di cdc tinh lam vide luong mdi thang quan tidn va phuang ggo, ddn nam ddu Tu Dttc 1848 dd ctt nhdn vd phdi di hdu bd cdc tinh, moi vien mdi thang dugc cdp cho quan tiln vd gao phuong'^'.Tinh ra, sd tidn quydn gdp cua hp bdng mdy chuc ndm tiln luong ciia mdt ctt nhan dl lam vifc dudi tinh Theo ghi chep |, NGHIEN cflu TRUNG qufiiC so 11 (171) - 2015 E i II li ( Bi ky vi nhd cira ddt dai sdn nghiip cua Hgi gudn Tu? ThdnhM^'t^'^M.± / i # l l f i ^ l B : Mgt khodnh ddt ddi ttt Ddng sang Tdy 51 thudc, be ngang ttt Nam tdi Bac ddi 15 thudc thi cung chi cd gid Id 700 quan'^' Nhilu ca nhdn vd cac don vj td chttc khdc cung quyen gdp sd tien khdng nhd cho vifc triing tu Trong giai doan ntta dau the ky XIX cd nhieu ngudi Hoa lam dn budn ban ldn va cd cugc song giau sang That dang tide Id chiing ta khdng tim thdy nhllu ghi chep ve nhtmg ngudi Hoa giau cd nhttng tdl Hpu tiing Han hoac tidng Vift khac dl cd thi hieu rd ban vd cdng vide kinh doanh cfing nhu ddi sdng cua hp gial dogn Trudng hgp ddc bidt thi cd mdt sd tai lifu ghi chep vl hp, nhung cung chi gidi ban cac tai lieu tidng Phap, ngudi Phap ghi Iai ntta sau thd ky XIX hg den sdng d Viet Nam, hodc nhung tdl lieu nghien cttu tieng Anh viet vl hp ngudi nudc ngoai thyc hifn Nhu trudng hgp dng Nhan Vgn Hgp ^M'ra', cd ctta hifu ten Van Hgp (ten chtt Latinh Id Ban Hap) ma Triing tu Hd Chuang Hgi gudn bi vdn/M.^^MM-'^ $BB^S:*'*"dd thang 10 ndm Tan Miii Ddng Trj thu 10 (1871) da khdc ghi, so tiln dng ddng gdp triing tu cho Hgi quan len tdi 4086 quan tien Theo tdi lifu ghi chep ciia mdt ngudi Phdp sdng tgi Viet Nam giai doan dd thi dng Vgn Hgp la mdt ngudi Hoa gidu cd vao bgc nhat Sal Gdn liic bay gid Ong la ngudl Singapore goc Hoa ddn Sai Gdn va luc tinh Nam Ky ttt thap nidn 1830 lam dn budn ban gao vd thudc phifn de xuat khdu den Singapore, Penang va Melaka Vdo thdp nidn 1850, dng lam an phat dat va md rdng sang Cam Bdt trdng, budn ban thudc phifn va liia gao Sau ngudi Phap chilm ^ ^ ^ itl ^ ^ *^' Hpi qudn Quang Trifu, hon 3000 ngudi quyen gdp tien cd tdi hon 40 Id cac ngdn hang, cdng ty, ctta hidu Ngoai ra, cdc hd kinh doanh nhd le, cac tieu thuong cdc chg khap cd viing ddt Nam Bd ddu cd ddng gdp Dilu phdn nao cho thdy boat dpng thuang mai ciia cac cdng ty, ctta hidu vung Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn giai doan da rdt phdt tridn va cd khd ndng kinh te Nhilu ngudl Hoa lam dn budn bdn ldn vd quydn gdp sd tien tuong ddi nhieu, khdng chi cho mdt md thdm chi may Hdi quan dd triing tu xdy dyng Triing tu Tui Thdnh Hdi gudn bi ky/M.ii^^^'^t^ W IB *^' dl thang ndm Canh Ddn Dao Quang thtt 10 (1830) khdc tdn dng Ngd VT Lgi quydn 2.100 quan tiln, dng Hoang Trtt Ky quyen 2000 quan tien Triing tu Hd Chuang Hgi gudn bi ^ / M i i ^ S ' ^ ^ l ^ ^ ^ s E '^'cLia ngudi Phuc Kien dl thang nam Mgu Than Ty Dttc nguyen nidn (1848) khac td ndng Truong Chidu Hgp vd dng Trdn Due Y, sd tien moi ngudi quydn gdp la 1000 quan Ong Trdn Y Dttc cdn Id tdng phu trdch cdng vide triing tu ciia Hdi qudn Ha Chuong Ngodi dng cdn quydn gdp sd tidn la 300 quan cho cdng vide trting tu Hgi quan Gia Thgnh cua ngudi Minh Huong*'' Sd cdn lal quydn 800, 600, 400, 300 quan Khodn tiln - PHAM NGQC HU'CfNG Sai Gdn, dng dugc chinh quydn Phap cho phep dpc quyln d Cam Bot sdn xuat ban ve sd, md cdc tifm cam dd, sdng cd bgc, trai nudi va ban thjt lgn Ong cflng la Hdi vidn sang lap Hpi trung uong ciiu frg tau dam thdnh l^p ndm 1865 d Phap vdi Hpi vidn trdn khdp the gidi Ding thdi, dng cfing la chu mpt xudng ldm thuoc phifn d Sai Gdn Vao thap nidn 1880, cac dng chu ldn d Sdi Gdn vdl dng Vgn Hgp cung mgt sd thuong nhdn ngudi Hoa dong huong Phiic Kidn khac dd Cling hgp tac cung c6 thj tmdng va co sd san xuat thuoc phifn d Ddng Nam A Chinh quyln Anh d Hdng Kdng mudn lgi tttc ttt hpfp ddng sdn xuat dfc quyen thudc phifn ed gia cao hon hifn nhflng ngudi Hoa Qudng Ddng ndm gifl ndn khuyen khich dng Van Hgp, dieu dd cdng tao thdm uy tin cho dng Cd luc dng d Sdi Gdn, Hdng Kdng hay Singapore, nhung Sai Gdn la co sd chinh vd la nai dng cu ngu*'" Trong dgt trung tu Hdi qudn Ha Chuong nay, dng Id chu tjch phy ttdch va khdi xudng cdng vifc triing tu Ngodi ra, Vdn bia vi viic Hgi gudn Hd Chuang quyin gdp di cdt phd vd dao ao/W ntnM.mmmm»:n^\^''^dh thang s ndm Binh Tudt 1885, khdc ghi dng mdt ldn nfla quydn gdp 370 dong bgc dl triing tu Hdi qudn.Theo tdc gid Son Nam, hai nhan sT dupe ngudi Phdp nhdc tdi budi ddu la Van Hgp (Ban Hap, chu hidu Vgn Hgp) va Wang Tai (Hodng Thai, chu hifu Hodng Thai Xuong) Hp ttung thdu a phidn nhilu ndm lidn tiep cho toan cdi Nam Ky Ong Vgn Hgp lam chu non phdn ntta nha phd d Chg Ldn vd khai thac gan nhu ddc quyen hau bet cdc tifm cdm dl d Chg Ldn*'^' Ong Wang Tai la mft thuong gia ngudi Hoa cfing rat nol tieng d Sdi Gdn giai doan ntta sau the 70 ky XIX 6ng Id dng chu cua ctta hidu Hoang Thdi Xuong Tdn dng dugc tim thdy TrUng kiin NghTa An Hgi qudn bi ky/M^^ ^ # l l $ s * ' * ' d l thang nam Nham Ddn, nidn hifu Quang Ty (1902) Cua hidu Hoang Thdi Xuong M^m cua dng quydn gdp trung tu Hfi qudn NghTa An ciia ngudi Trilu Chau Id 400 dong bac*'^' Ong WangTai la ngudi Hoa song d Sdi Gdn nhiing ndm dau Phdp ldy cdc tinh Nam Ky sau ddnh chilm Sdi Gdn vdo ndm 1859 Mdt tac gid ngudi Phap vdo cdc thdp nidn 1880, 1890 da viet ve dng la mgt ngudi Hoa sd hihi ngdi nhd Idn vd dpp nhat bdn bd sdng Sdi Gdn, Id Ben Bach Ddng Luc bay gid, ngdi nhd dd sg mang tdn Mai Son Wang Tai, dugc xay bdng ggch va ldn hon ca dinh Thong doc Ndm 1880, dng dd bdn ngdi nha ndy cho chinh quyen vdi gid 254.000 Francs Phdp Ttt nha cua dng vd hudng cdng Sai Gdn, dpc theo rach Ben Nghe la cac xudng lam gach vd ngdi cua dng Vdo ndm 2004, th; o dd mft s6 vidn ngdi bj vd hdng d nha the" Dttc Bd phd Ho Chi Minh, ngudi \ dd thdy trdn vidn ngdi dd cd ddng chtt Wayig-Tai Saigon, nhung vidn ngdi da dugc sdn xudt ttt xudng cua dng Ong sinh ndm 1827 tgi Trung Quoc, ddn Sai Gdn lap nghifp vdo ndm 1858, mdt nam tmdc Phap ddnh chiem lyc tinh Nam Ky Ong Id mft thuang gia giau cd vd thd lyc Theo tu lifu ngdn sach Chinh phu Phdp d Sai Gdn in ndm 1876, dng cd ba cdn nha cho chinh quyln Phdp thud, mpt cdn nha ndm cdng thuong mgi Sai Gdn, mdt cdn nhd d Trifu Quang Phyc, Chg Ldn lam vdn phdng difn tin vd mpt can d Binh Tdy, Chg Ldn Idm bit cdnh sat Cac xudng ggch ctta dng sdn xuat ggch tot, phyc vu cho nhu cdu _ NGHIEN cflu TRUNG quO'C so 11 ( ) - Gdp phan tim hiiu ngiriri Hoa qua vSn bia chir Hdn cua ngudi ddn Sdi Gdn vd nhilu noi ttong khu vyc Nam Ky Trong cupc trien Idm cdng nghidp va ndng nghifp ndm 1880, san phdm gach Clia dng da gianh dugc huy chuong bgc, dng cflng tham dy tridn Idm quic tl ndm 1878 tgi Paris vdi cac san phdm gom duoc san xudt d Chg Ldn Ngoai co sd sdn xudt ggch va gdm, dng cdn cd nhiing thua rudng ldn dugc khai hoang d Phudc Lpc dl trdng lua Bdn canh dd, dng cdn Id mdt nhung chttc sdc ngudi Hoa dugc kinh trpng nhdt d Sdi Gdn vi dng khdng nhfing da cd nhiing cong hidn ldn lao cho cgng dong md cho cd chinh quyln Phdp*'*' Mdt thuang nhan ngudi Hoa giau cd khac giai dogn the ky XIX dugc khdc tdnquydn gdp trdn bia da Hdi qudn Ha Chuong la dng Khdu Chinh T r i l u / ^ IE 1^ (Khoo Cheng Teow), dng Id mgt thuong nhan ve gao d Sdi Gdn giai dogn ntta sau thd ky XIX Ong da tham gia tich cue frong cdc su vu cdng dong frong Hpi quan ngudi Hoa Tdn ciia dng dugc tim thdy Triing tu Hd Chuang Hgi gudn bi v d n / a i ^ K ^ - t t t S ^ J t * ' " dl thdng 10 ndm Tdn Mui Ddng Trj thtt 10 (1871) va Hd Chuang Hgi qudn tri nghiep tgc tri guyen phi bi ddn mm-^t%M.mmmmn^^\/dh thang ndm Binh Tudt 1885*'*' Ong quydn gdp s l tiln Id 110 quan, dong thdl la ngudi phu trdch va xudng md vide triing tu Ngudi anh em ciia dng Id Khau Chinh Trung/fijJJE ^ da xdy dyng sy giau cd ctta minh chi frong vifc budn ban gao tai Sal Gdn, dng id mpt dai thuong gia cd ndm nhd may xay Iua d Chg Ldn, cdng ty dng hoat dpng dudi thuang hifu "Aik Seng & Co"*'^' Nhllu ca nhdn, cac cdng ty, cua hifu khac quyen gdp ttung tu cho Hdi quan dugc tinh bdng bgc, so bac cd gid trj Idn, cd Idn din mdy trdm NGHIEN cflu TRUNG quOC so 11 (171) - 2015 - Igng Bia Triing tu Tue Thdnh Hdi gudn bi ky/mmiMtn^B^^°^ dl thang ndm Ky Mui, Hdm Phong thtt (1859) khdc tdn Cdng ty Quang Lgi quydn tiln 200 Iang bac, cdng ty Quang An 200 Igng bac, may chye cdng ty khac nua cfing dugc khdc tdn vdn bia quyen bgc ttt 100 den 150 Iugng Theo bia khdng tdn d Hdi quan Quynh Phu cua ngudi Hai Nam ghi Igi vipc Hgi quan, vdo ndm Gidp Thdn 1824, so tien quydn gdp xdy midu Id 1.955 quan thon dd quy dli bac nen 651 Iupng tiln*^'* Den ndm Minh Mfnh thtt (1828) theo quy djnh cua nhd nudc 10 Iang bac gid 17 quan tiln*^^' Cd ngudl mang ca tai san dat dai cua minh dd quydn gdp cho Hpi quan, nhu tmdng hgp bd hp Ngd vg dng Hodng Dinh An ddng cung ddt ngang thudc, dai 40 thudc ma Bia triing tu Hgi gudn Qudn tdn/ M M S ^ - t t t $ s d ndm 1890 dd ghi khdc'^^'.Tinh sl tien quydn gdp cua moi cdng ty cung ldn tdi may frdm quan tien Tinh hinh boat dgng thuong mgi ciia ngudl Hoa qua nhtmg ghi chep trdn bia cho thdy: Hg kinh doanh nhieu nganh nghd khac nhau, ttt thuang nhdn budn ban ldn ddn cac ngdnh tilu thu cdng nghidp Nhilu ctta hidu kinh doanh vl thuoc, giay, keo, vai, didm ddn ngan hang, tien tf Hogt dfng kinh doanh ctta hp sdi noi vd kha da dgng Qua ghi chep tren vdn bia chiing ta phdn nao thay dugc tinh hinh kinh doanh thuong mgi ctta ngudi Hoa giai doan thi ky XIX Ngay ttt ntta ddu the ky XIX, boat dfng thuong mai da phdt fridn qua nhilu hinh thttc khac Loai hinh hogt dpng theo hinh thttc cdng ty, doanh nghidp da tuong ddi phat tridn Chi ridng ghi chep ttong Bia triing tu Hgi qudn Tue 77ifln/)/Si#M:^-tlt5^BB*^'" ciia ngudi 71 PHAM NGQC HU'ONG Quang Ddng vao ndm 1830 cho biet cd ca chuc cdng ty vd gan 40 ctta hdng ctta hidu Bia triing tu Hgi gudn Hd Chuang/M.i^M.W # t t W ; $ I cho bidt cd ddn gan ndm chye ctta hang ctta hidu quyen gdp cho vide trung tu Clia Hdi quan Thdng thudng ngudi cua bang hgi nao thi quydn gdp triing tu cho bang hdi cua hg Didu ndy cang cho thay mgng Iudi hogt ddng thuang mgi ciia ngudi Hoa dd phat trien thd nao Chi rieng thd thdi cung cd the thay dugc vai trd ciia hp cac hogt ddng kinh td thuong mai d phia Nam Vift Nam giai doan nua sau thd ky XIX la noi giao djch thucmg mai xudt nhdp khdu hang hda, mdi mdt phi vu giao dich, Hdi quan thudng cd tiln hoa hdng Day cflng Id so tidn giiip Hdi quan hogt ddng ldu ddi va ddu tu cac ITnh vyc khac nhu mua ddt Idm nhd Hdi qudn Tuf Thanh da mua va sd htm dugc ndm logi tai sdn dat dal va nhd ctta Vdn bia d Hdi qudn Tuf Thanh nhu mdt udc giao keo vl vide mua ban nha ddL Dd la chttng ctt khdng gi tdt hon ddi vdi quydn sd httu tai san cua Hdi qudn: "Nhthig nha dat nha ngdi thudc sd httu ciia Hdi quan, tpa lac d dau kd dudi ddy: 1) Mdt gian nha ddt d thdn Tan Huong 2) Mdt glan nhd dat d thdn An Djnh 3) 13 gian nha ngdi d thdn Tan Huong 4) Ba gian nha ngdi thdn An Thdi 5) Ba gian nha ngdi thdn Tan Hung "'"' Hdi qudn ngudi Minh Huong dugc quydn tang miing dat 1.351m^ va 62 cdn hd cho thud, vi vdy ndn da sd Hdi quan cd nhilu kinh phi dd trang frdi cho cac hogt ddng cua minh Hidn nay, Minh Huong Hpi quan lal mft ngudl Vift quan ly, vgy Hdi quan van gitt dugc nhidu net dgc sac cua ngudi 1" oa Hdi qudn, hg cfing thudng tu tap ban vifc kinh doanh ldm dn va giiip dd Hgi quan cung la noi tryc tiep Iam cac cdng vide kinh doanh, tgo nguon kinh phi dl stta chtta, tri sy phat triln cua Hpi quan Bi ky vi nhd cua ddt dai sdn nghiip cua Hoi gudn Tui ThdnhAMMt^MS.±M-^MW B5 chdp rang: "Nguydn Hdi quan bang cac nha budn chiing tdi cd mua hai gian nha ddt, mudi chin glan nha ngdi dl lam cua cai dd lo vide huong hda cho thidn hdu mau Khd udc vdn ty mua ddt ddu dd vdo mdt ruong gd luu d Hdi quan Tuf Thanh"*^^' Cac thuong nhan td chttc xay dung Hgi quan, hp cung thudng chii dgng tgo ngudn kinh phi cho nd hoat dfng, hodc Id xdy nha cho thud, hodc cho thud mat bang ngodi sd tien den huong va quydn gdp ciia ngudi bang, hdi Bia vi viic Hgi gudn Hd Chuang quyin gop di cdt vd ddo ao cho biel: "Mpi ngudi cung ldng ndn dem khodn quyen gdp dugc dy xay hai day pho, mdt d vudn hoa Chg Ldn, mdt d Cdu Sdt MJ Tho Lgi ddn ddc phu thg ddo ddt lam ao, chat da lam bd, din ao tran mach da dao, phd cho thue da dyng"*^^' Hdi quan cung cd 72 Hnat ddng xa hdi ngirdi Hoa qua vdn bia chtt lan Hpi quan ngudi Hoa 3.1 Cdc hopt dgng cdng ich Hdi quan ngudi Hoa ngoai la noi trao doi cdc boat ddng thuang mai, kinh doanh tien Id, nd cdn cd cae chttc ndng xa hdi khac nhu hogt ddng cdng ich, tu thifn, md trudng dgy hpc, dich vu va tdn giao tin ngudng 7r«Kg tu NghTa An Hdi gudn bi ky ghi: "Hfi quan ta ngudi tmdc khai sang md mang, ngudi sau kl thtta phdt fridn, phdm nhung dilu quan trpng viec nudi ngudl song, lo ke chit nhu bdnh vifn, frudng hpc, din midu, _ NGHIEN cflu TRUNG qUO'C so 11 (171) - 2015 GOp phan tim hiiu ngiriri Hoa qua vSn bia chir Hdn vifn Sung Chinh la bfnh vidn ngudi He lap ra*^"' Cdc tmdng hgc cdc Hdi qudn lap cung rat nhllu, deu dgy giao trinh song ngtt Hoa Viet Ban dau chl thdnh lap cac tmdng tilu hpc, sau ddn cd them cdc trudng tmng hpc CO sd vd phi thdng tmng hpc Trudng tilu hpc cua Hfi qudn Tuf Thdnb, ban ddu cd ten Id trudng Vift Tu, sau nam 1975 doi tdn la frudng Mgch Kidm Hiing, trudng trung tilu hpc NghTa An cua Bang Trieu Chdu sau doi ten Id tmdng Minh Dao, trudng Phttc Kiln cua bang Phttc Kien sau ddi tdn Id trudng Phuc Dttc (sau nam 1975 ddi tdn Id Trdn Bfi Co) Hpc sinh theo hgc rat nhilu, cd lue ldn tdi hai ba ngdn hgc sinh Mgt hogt dfng cdng ich khac tuang ddi dgc biet cflng dugc khdc trdn bia da Id vifc di xu&ng ldm xe cuu hda Vi ngudi Hoa den cu tru ngdy mgt ddng, budn ban nhgn nhip, tap ndp, nhd ctta ddng due, thinh thoang xay hda hogn ndn Bang Hfl da sttc quydn gdp, vay mugn mua xe cttu hda dl phdng hda hogn (Bia ghi viic de xte&ng ldm xe ciru hda/ ^i"5fta?^7K^5?IS*^", dl thdng 10 ndm Quang Ty Mau Tudt 1898) Vifc stta sang sdn bdng cflrg dugc ghi tac frdn bia, ghi nhdn sy ddng gdp ctta cdc nhd thifn tam da quan tam din boat dfng the chdt cua em bang, hdi Nd thd hifn tinh dodn ket, gdn bd gitta mpi ngudl bang, hdi vdi Hp diim bgc, thuong yeu, chia se cho mgi hogt dfng ctta xa hfi Timg cdu, timg chtt frong vdn bia diu thi hien tinh thdn doan kit, Idng tu hao ve qud huong xtt sd ctta hp nghTa frang khdng gi khdng rd rdng, day du" Nhieu Hdi quan cdn cd cac co sd ttt thifn nhu nghTa trang Quang Ddng d Binh Thdi thudc Hfi quan Tud Thanh, Trilu Chau nghTa dudng, Siing Chinh nghTa dudng, Phttc Kien nghTa dudng, Hdi Nam nghTa dudng Cac NghTa dudng la mpt co sd ciia Hpi quan chuydn lo chd di cdt ngudi chit d Vift Nam muon dua vd Trung Qudc (sau ndm 1975 cac CO sd nha nudc quan \