Thách thức với giai cấp công nhân việt nam trước làn sóng thứ tư

Nghien alu - Trao doi Thach thufc vdfi giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam trirofc lan song thur tir O ThS PHAM OUYNH TRANG Hgc vi$n Chinh tri khu vVc I N giy nay, egm tU "cich mgng cdng ngh$ 4.0" (CMCN) dugc nhac dSn dS chl sv biing no ve khoa hgc - cdng nghi (KH-CN) di mang Igl ca hgi phit trien va thinh vvgng cho cic qude gia, dd ed Viit Nam Giai cap edng nhin Vigt Nam (GCCN) - Ive lugng tiin phong dudi dv din dat, lanh dgo eua Dang CSVN dang nim bit ca hdi "cich mgng edng nghg 4.0" dexiy dvng sv nghigp CNH-HDH Cupc each mpng n g h i lan thfl tfl cflng Cufle "CMCN 4.0" i i mflt thuit ngtt mfli dflflc gifli thiflu l l n dau flgn nam 2011 tai triln l i m eflng Hannover - Dttc D i n nay, thuit ngtt thu httt dttpc nhieu sfl quan tim cDa nhieu quie gia tren t h i gidi va la chD d l thio iuan nhilu nhat tai Dien din kinh te t h i gidi 2016 CMCN 4.0 l i sfl kit hpp nhuin nhuyen cDa hai y l u t l nin ting ehinh l i KH-CN d l tao mpt t h i gidi van vpt kit n l i mpt cich thflng minh d i n khdng ngd Cfl t h i khai quit thinh bin die trflng chinh nhfl sau: lulgt li, dfla trgn nin ting cDa sy kit hpp eflng nghg c i m biln mdi, phan tich dO ligu idn, dipn toin dim may va kit nli intemet van vat se thuc day sy phat triln cDa may mdc ty ddng hda v i he thing s i n xult thdng minh Hai li, stt dyng cflng nghe in 3D de s i n xult s i n phim mflt each 28 hoin chinh nhd nhit t h i hda eic diy chuyen s i n xult khflng phii qua giai doan lap rip eic thilt bj phy trp, cdng nghp niy eung oho phep ngttdi efl t h i in s i n pham mdi bing nhttng phttdng phip phi truyln thing nhfl dd efl the bfl qua c i c khiu trung gian v i giim chi phi s i n xult nhilu nhat cd t h i Ba ii, cdng nghp nano v i vpt ilgu mfli oho phep tpo cic cau trtte v i t ligu mdi ttng dyng rflng rai hiu h i t cie ilnh vye BSn li, tri tug nhin tao v i dilu khiln hpc cho phep ngudi kiem soit ttt xa mpi thtt, khdng gidi hpn v l khdng gian, thfli gian, tUflng t i c nhanh hdn va chinh x i c hon, nhd ttng dyng eflng nghe mfli niy eon ngttdi cfl t h i s i n xult nhttng robot vdi kha ning ty hpe m i khdng d n phii mat eflng lap trinh san mpi thtt, dilu thyc sy rit tuygt vfli Vigt Nam, cudc cich mang edng nghg l l n thtt dang kich Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Kt - Tllina 4/2017 hopt c i c i i n sdng tpo ngn nhttng dflt p h i xa hdn tren t i t c i cio ifnh vflc cDa ddi sing x i hfli, iim thay d l i mflt c i c h toin diin i l l sing va oieh chttng ta i i m vigc Cich mpng cflng nghigp 4.0 dang fl glal doan phat triln dttpc tinh theo e l p s l nhin v i fl Vigt Nam, nhttng bieu hifln cDa cupc cich mpng niy k h i rfl ring: Ngufli ta Uflc tinh d i n s l Vigt Nam i i hdn 90 trigu ngfldi, thi cfl d i n 39,8 tripu ngfldi stt dyng internet (chilm 44%), 28 triflu ngfldi sfl httu t i i khoin mpng x i hdi (khoing 31%), 128,3 trigu ngudi cfl k l noi mang di dflng va so ngttdi stt dyng t i i khoin x i hfli trgn dign thopi i i 24 trigu (chilm 26%) Trong thttdng mai difln ttt, 27% d i n s l stt dyng miy tinh b i n d l flm kilm s i n pham d n mua v i 18% sD dung di dflng eho myc dieh niy 24% d i n s l mua hing tryc tuyin thdng qua miy tinh bin va 15% thflng qua dign thoai Cfl t h i thiy, nhOng biiu hidn r i t rd net v l Qng dyng cudc CMCN the hidn ITnh vyc y te Nhffng tiln bdti-ongdilu tri tim bim sinh hay dilu kjr didu mang tdn te bdo gde, g i n ddy nhit Id thdnh cdng efla ca ghep phdi dau tien md trien vpng mdi vide dilu trj nhffng can bdnh tflng la "vd phUdng cffu chffa" Nhd cdng nghd in 3D, chflng ta dgt dffyc bude tiln ddi nhilu ITnh vyc: Kiln true, xdy dyng, thdi trang, my thudt, y hpc, tiiam my, giao dye den eac ngdnh cdng nghiep sdn xult Mdt ffng dyng cy t h i , noi bat cfla cdng nghg in 3D tgi Vidt Nam la ehflng ta vd dUde dau ngUdi tfl mdnh sp nhan tgo bing Phdu thudt bing phUdng phdp ndy ddnh d i u mdt bude ngodt efla edng nghg in 3D vdi thj trudng edng nghd tgi Viet Nam Tat cd nhffng thdng tin trdn, chfnh Id nhffng bieu hidn efla cude CMCN idn thfl 4, Idn sdng thdt sy mdi md vd mang hPi hudng hien dai tai Vidt Nam Giai cap cdng nhan vd vlTn d l dat thdi dgi each mang cdng nghd 4.0 Vdn kidn Hdi nghj lan thfl sdu, BCH Trung ffdng khda X, Ddng ta dd khang djnh: "GCCN Vidt Nam Id mdt lyc iuyng xa hdi to Idn, dang phdt trien, bao gdm nhflng ngUdi lao ddng chdn tay va tride" Hidn nay, GCCN Vidt Nam dang phdt triln mgnh ed v l sd lupng vd chat iuyng: Thd nhat, Viet Nam dang cd Ipl the cd ed d u dan sd trd, sd ngUdi dd tudi lao ddng cao ehilm gan 70% Nlu nhu ndm 2009, lao ddng iam cdng dn IUdng nude ta chiem khodng 27,5 % lyc lupng lao ddng cd vide lam (khodng 12,8 trigu ngffdi); dd, ddi ngu cdng nhdn ed khodng 9,5 trieu ngffdi Dff bao d i n ndm 2020, lao dpng lam cdng dn IUdng se ehilm khodng 50% lye lydng lao ddng cd vide lam (27,5 tridu ngUdi); dd, GCCN ed khodng 20,5 tridu ngUdi Thd hai, chit Iuyng GCCN khdng ngffng duyc nang Idn Bilu hidn rd nhit Id qua trinh tri thffc hod edng nhan dang diln ra, nhit la Idp cdng nhdn trd Theo k i t qud dilu tra, hien nay, cdng nhan cde doanh nghidp cd trinh dp van hod kha eao (100% bilt ehff, 80% cd trinh trung hpc cd sd vd trung hpc thdng); lao ddng d nffde ta cd 37% qua ddo tao, dd 25% da qua ddo tgo nghe Nhd dd, trinh dp hpc vd'n, ky nang nghe nghidp cfla cdng nhdn cdng dupe ndng cao Nhu vdy ed t h i thay, GCCN Viet Nam v i n dang ngdy cdng phdt triln ve sd luyng vd chat Iffpng, vdn Id lye iuyng then chdt lien minh GCCN - ndng ddn - tri thflc va Id lyc IUpng tien phong sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda hien dgi hda d i t nudc tryc tilp tiln hdnh sy nghiep cfla dit nude Tdng k i t qua 30 nam ddi mdi, Viet Nam da dgt dUdc nhffng tffu to Idn, ed y nghTa Ijch sfl Sau giai doan d i u ddi mdi tff ndm 1986 den nam 1990 vdi mflc tdng trffdng binh qudn la 4,4%, n i n kinh t l Vi^t Nam tri tde dd tang trudng I n tupng 20 nam; giai dogn 1991 -1995, GDP binh quan id 8,2%, tff ndm 1996 den 2000 tri d mffc 7% mac du cung ehiu dnh hffdng efla cude khflng hodng tdi chfnh khu vye; giai dogn 2001 den 2005 tdng binh qudn 7,34%, 2006 d i n 2010 Id 6,32% vd 2011 d i n 2015 Id 5,9% GDP binh quan d i u ngudi tang, dffa Vidt Nam khdi nffde kem phdt trien, trd nffde cd thu nhdp trung binh, dang d l y mgnh CNH-HDH va hdi nhgp qudc t l Giai d p edng nhdn Viet Nam hien cd iyi t h i ed liludn cdch mgng sol dffdng, dupe Ddng Cpng sdn Vidt Nam ldnh dgo vd tiem ndng v l eon ngUdi cfla Viet Nam dUde danh gid cao Vidt Nam duyc danh gid Id dang d thdi ky dan sd Nhdng vin di d$t ddi vdi vang dd ndi bdt Id cd eau GCCN Vl$t Nam thdi dgi ddn sd trd nhd dd, chflng ta cd dly dfl nhffng tien d l tdt de chfl cdng ngh$ 4.0 Nhgn tiidc vi dUdng Idi lanh dpng ddn nhdn Idn sdng cdng dao cOa Ding ddi vdi GCCN: nghd 4.0 Ngay sau hda binh ldp tai, Vidt Nam dang bffdc sang Ddng ta da khing djnh: CNH mdt giai doan mdi, ed nffde dang XHCN la quy ludt dac thu cfla cdc nd lye thye hidn Nghj quylt Dgi nudc qud dd Idn CNXH tff nen hdi Dgi bieu todn quyet lln thff XII klnh t l lac hdu Dgi hdi Ddng lan efla Ddng va k l hogch phdt KTthff III, ian thff IV Dang ta tiep tyc XH nam 2016 - 2020 Ddng ta khing djnh, CNH XHCN la nhidm nhdn djnh, giai doan ndy vu trpng tam, each mang KH-KT "KHCN phdt triln rit nhanh eflng giff vj tri then chdt vd GCCN vffa vdi todn d u hda vd hpi nhap Id ngudi lanh dao vfla la ngudi qudc t l cdng sdu rdng tac Tai nguyen yg Moi trudng | KV1-Thang4/2017 29 i dflng mpnh me den q u i trinh phit triln KT-XH cDa m l i quic gia" Chinh vl t h i Ding khang djnh phii tilp tyc gitt vttng b i n chit GCCN, ting ettdng quan tim hdn ntta din ddi sing cDa eflng nhan; ChD trpng xay dyng, phit huy vai trd cDa GCCN dilu kien hoin cinh mfli 47% cflng viec ngiy hflm se cfl ^ ig 75% ty dflng vflng 20 nim tdi Nghign cttu mdi diy cQa T l chttc iao dflng quic t l ILG cho thiy, hai thip ky tdi, khoing 56% s l ngttdi lao dflng tai quic gia Dflng Nam A, dfl cd Vigt Nam, od nguy cfl m i l vige vi robot, d i e biet la nginh may mic (86% cflng nhin nginh dflt Nhiing vgn de dit hi$n nay: may Vigt Nam) tttdng iai, Be phat huy vai trd cDa GCCN, khflng chi i i nginh dpi may, mflt xttng ding i i giai d p tign phong s l nginh sD dyng nhan cflng i i lye Ittpng ndng elt khoi g i i r i khic eung se khdng cd dpi doin kit toin din tfle, d l d i p nhieu nhu cau tuyen dyng cflng ttng dflpc ygu c l u oDa thdi dpi nhin ntta mfli, hpi nhap qufl'c t l cEJng nhfl nim bat dfldc efl hfli cDa cuflc Thi/ hai, sy thay doi ve cd d u CMCN 4.0 mang lai, GCCN can s i n xult v i nhu (^u stt dyng cong giii quylt c i c van d l m i cuflc nhin tpi Viet Nam se chuyin djch each mpng d i t ra: Thd nhSt, theo huflng dfln bat nhjp sing cDa nguin iao dpng d l i dio g i i r i se thfli dpi cflng nghg mdi vi t h i se i i khdng cdn i i y l u t l tao ngn idi mat thich thttc ifln d l i vdi s l ittdng t h i eanh tranh v i thu httt diu tu idn GCCN giin ddn nfldc ngoii v i o Vigt Nam Cich mang 4.0 se tpo mflt thdi dai cong nghg 4.0 Thflc t l nhu elu stt dyng cdng nhin khac eho thiy, eufle CMCN 4.0 se tao ban trfldc day, nfl i n h hfldng trflc van v i t kit nli, ttt dfl cic diy tilp d i n efl c l u nguin nhin lye ehuyen s i n xult se rttt dttpc rttt cDa Viet Nam Se cd sy ehuyen ngin, ting hpp iign kit, he thong djch manh me stt dyng thilt ke s i n xult thflng minh, ty nguon iyc ttt khu vflc sfl dung dpng hda hing iopt dpi ngu cong nhin gia re, ky nang thi'p rflbit efl kha ning ty hpe, sang nguin nhin iflc chit ittpng tuong iai eac d i y chuyin cao, ky ning tit Theo khio sit, s i n xuat hien dai se khdng d n dpi ngu nhan eflng g i i r i se m i t din eflng nhin, va mflt s l diy viee lam bfli cic doanh nghigp se chuyin sin xuat chttng ta se thiy ddn bat thj hiiu cung nhu thj mflt vai rflbd't thong minh dilu truflng d l s i n xult v i ttng dyng khiln, dilu niy d i t v i n d l eflng nghp mdi s i n xuat rang cflng nghe 4.0 bao trum Ltte dd, Viet Nam se thieu hyt thi c i c nhi miy xl nghiep doanh nghigm nguon nhin iyc nghigp se khflng d n din mot iyc chit lupng cao Theo udc tinh cDa ittpng GCCN dflng dio ntta v i vi Vietnamworks, nlu tilp tyo ting t h i , se tao flnh trang thilu vlec trttflng nhan iyc mttc 8%, Vigt lim nghigm trpng dat biet doi vdi Nam se thig'u hut khoing 78.000 mflt nuflc ed d u din s l t r i nhu nhan iyc cflng nghg thflng fln moi fl Viet Nam Mpt nghien cttu cua nim v i din nim 2020 se thieu dpi hpe Oxford ttdc tinh, cd tdi hdn 500.000 nhin lye, chilm hon 30 Tdi nguygn vd Mdi trudng I K y i Thing 4/2017 78% t i n g sfl nhu e l u nhin lyc cflng nghg thflng fln Dilu dd eho thiy, nhttng kho khin m i GCCN Viet Nam phii d l i mat thfli gian tfli Van d l dit l i , d l cfl t h i ddn b i t kjp thdi lan sdng mdi, dap ttng yeu elu cDng nhfl doi hfli cDa CMCN 4.0, GCCN phii nang cao trinh dp, tay nghi GCCN phii nhin thflc dflpc dung d i n vai trfl cDa minh sy nghigp CNH - HDH d i t nudc, l i giai d p trflc flip i i m ngn thing idi cDa CMCN S nfldc ta Mdt sSkhuySn nghi: Ve bin chit, GCCN la mflt iflc IUpng ning ddng cd k h i ning tilp biln vdi thfli dpi mfli, nhflng xult phat chD y l u ttt nflng d i n , trinh dfl chfla cao, hoin cinh kinh t l cfln nghio, ddi sing cfln nhilu khfl khin Vl t h i , d l dfln bit kjp thfll ian sdng edng nghg mdi, giii quyet tot nhttng v i n d l d i t Ding va N h i nude ta d n quan t i m v i tilp tyo: Mgt li, flip tuc ting kit thyc flSn bo sung ly lugn, d l GCCN Viit Nam gitt vttng dttfle bin chit giai d p minh, iam trdn vai trfl trich nhiflm v i stt mgnh ijch stt giao phfl Hai li, cfl nhttng chfl trttdng, ehinh sich cu t h i va thich hpp d l ning cao chat iupng eufle sfl'ng eho GCCN Viet Nam Ba li, ed nhttng chinh sach v i bttfle chuyin phu hpp giao dye d i o tao, d l dao tao eho d i t nuflc mflt dpi ngu nguon nhin luc chat lupng cao, d i p ttng dttpc ygu c l u eung nhu ddi hfli cDa thdi ky mdi BSn li, d n od su chuyin djch efl d u kinh t l hpp iy, d l giii quyet h i i hda iao dflng viflc lam v i phit triln KT-XH.B ... 30 nam ddi mdi, Viet Nam da dgt dUdc nhffng tffu to Idn, ed y nghTa Ijch sfl Sau giai doan d i u ddi mdi tff ndm 1986 den nam 1990 vdi mflc tdng trffdng binh qudn la 4,4%, n i n kinh t l Vi^t Nam. .. Vidt Nam ldnh dgo vd tiem ndng v l eon ngUdi cfla Viet Nam dUde danh gid cao Vidt Nam duyc danh gid Id dang d thdi ky dan sd Nhdng vin di d$t ddi vdi vang dd ndi bdt Id cd eau GCCN Vl$t Nam thdi... trudng I n tupng 20 nam; giai dogn 1991 -1995, GDP binh quan id 8,2%, tff ndm 1996 den 2000 tri d mffc 7% mac du cung ehiu dnh hffdng efla cude khflng hodng tdi chfnh khu vye; giai dogn 2001 den