Một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến dự định nghỉ việc của nhân viên

sa MOT SO YEU TO ANH Hl/QNG BEN Dir D I N H NGHi VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN • T h S V i r O N G H O A N G L I N H K H I (*) TOM TAT Trong nen kinh te todn cdu hda hien nay, vi$c cgnh tranh diin ngdy cdng khdc Het Cdc doanh nghiep muon dgt dugc thdnh cdng vd tgo mpt vf tri viing chac cho minh, ngodi nguon von ddi ddo thi phdi cdn cd nguon nhdn luc tdt Vi^c giir chdn nhdn viin cho doanh nghiep dang la mpt vdn di md nhd lanh dgo doanh nghiep phdi "dau ddu " Trong nhiing ndm gan ddy, chiing ta thdy mpt so doanh nghiep trd luang cho nhdn viin rdt tdt nhung hp vdn nghi vi$c Vgy ddu Id yeu to di doanh nghi$p "gia chdn " dugc nhdn viin? De trd lai cdu hdi trin, tdc gid dd thuc hien di tdi "Mgt s6yeu to dnh htr&ng den du dinh nghi viec cua nhan viin" Ket qud cua nghiin cuu ndy se gidi dap cho chung ta thdc mdc tren Di tdi gdm cd cdc ndi dung nhu sau: Tim hieu thuc trgng Idm viec cua nhdn viin Phdn tich cdc yiu to dnh huang den dyr dinh nghi viec cua nhdn viin Dua mpt so gidi phdp nhdm hgn che du dinh nghi viec cua nhdn viin Tie khoa: Nhdn vien, du dinh nghi viec, lanh dgo, cdng ty, hdi long, SUMMARY In the global economy today, the competition has been increasingly severe If the businesses want to achieve success and create a strong position for themselves, they need to have good human resources in addition to abundant capital sources The employee retention for businesses has been a problem that business leaders must have "headache" In recent years, we have seen that some companies have paid their employees very well but these still leave So what is the factor for enterprises to "retain" the staff? To answer the above question, the author has implemented the topic "A number of factors affecting the quitting intention of the staff" The results of this study will answer us the question The topic includes the following contents: Finding out the working status of the staff Analysis Providing of the factors affecting the quitting intention of the staff some solutions to limit the quitting intention of the staff Key words: Staff, quitting intention, leader, company, D | t van de Tim h i l u cac y l u td anh hudng den du dinh nghi vipc ciia nhan vien la mgt nhiing vi^c c i n thilt giai doan hien Bdi vi, doanh nghiep mudn tdn tai va phat triin ngoai y l u td satisfaction, nguon vdn thi ngudn nhan luc la y l u td quan trgng nhit Chinh ngudn nhan lue se ap dung cac tiln bd khoa hpc ky thuat, cdng nghe vao boat ddng san x u i t kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Ddng thdi, ngudn nhan luc cung giup cho doanh TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG STT Bang 3.1: K^t aua thu th§p so U| u Idiao sat So phieu thu ve So phieu Ghi Khdng Nffi khao sat Hopl^ sir diing T6ng hgrplf chu 80 75 68 QutolO 90 70 55 15 Quan 11 70 65 57 Quan Phu Nhuan 60 47 35 12 Qu^n Go Vkp 43 35 Quan Binh Thanh 50 250 Tong c$ng 350 300 50 nghiep su dung vdn hi?u qua nhat Tuy nhien, khdng phai doanh nghiep nao cd ngudn vdn manh deu cd ngudn nhan luc tdt, dieu cdn phg thupc vao nhieu ylu td khac Chinh vi thi, dl tai "M§t sh yeu t6 anh hudtig den du dinh nghi vi|c ciia nhan vign" se giiip cho ehiing ta hieu dugc nhuug ylu td se tac ddng den kha nang lam vipe cung nhu sir gan bd cua nhan vien ddi vdi doanh nghiep Phuo'ng phap nghien ci^u 2.1 Phuong phap nghien cuu Trong nghien cftu nay, tac gia sft dung phuong phap nghien ciiu dinh tinh va dinh lugng; - Nghien ciiu dinh tinh: la tdng hgp kien thuc, dua md hinh nghien ciiu ylu td tac dgng din du dinh nghi vice eua nhan vien - Nghien cuu dinh lugng: khao sat thuc tl de xem ed md hinh nghidn ciiu co phii hgp va cd nhftng dieu chinh de dem lai hieu qua 2.2 Phuong phap thu th^p dir lifu Nghien ciiu dinh tinh dugc su dung de tim md hinh nghien cuu va bang khao sat (bang cau hdi) Viec xay dung md hinh nghien eiiu dua tren cac nghien ciiu dinh tinh cd trudc va phuong phap phdng vin chuyen gia dl cd nhuug eau hdi phu hop Nghien ciiu dinh lugng duge th^c hipn vao thang 10/2013 dua tren bang khao sat nham thu thap dft lipu, phan tich du lieu cd dugc, udc lugng va kilm dinh md hinh Nghien cftu dinh lugng dugc tiln hanh khao sat chinh thiic vdi 350 philu khao sat duge phat ra, thu dugc 250 phieu hgp le du dl phue vu cho nghien cftu So lircmg philu khao sat Quan 10 Quan 11 Q U ^ phu NhuSn Qu|n Go VSp Qu|n Binh Thgnh KHOA HOC - U'NG [ 2.3 Phiroug phap chgn mau Vdi 350 philu khao sat dugc phat ra, thu ve dugc 300 philu Sau kilm tra va loai bd nhftng philu khao sat sai sot, chgn dupe 250 philu phu hgp dl phuc vu cho viec nghien cuu Sd lugng miu nghien eiiu dugc cho la phu hpp nlu dat tren 05 philu khao sat cho 01 biln nghien cuu Trong nghien ciiu dang thuc hien nghien ciiu 05 nhan td dgc lap vdi 28 bien quan sat va sd lugng philu khao sat cin thilt ciia nghien ciiu la tren 150 phieu Thuc tl thu dugc 250 philu khao sat hgp le nen cd the xem nhu miu cd tinh dai dipn va dam bao dupe cho viSc thuc hien nghien ciru Mlu diing de thuc hien nghien ciiu dugc chgn theo phuang phap ngau nhien thuan Igi hinh nghien cftu cua Charles E Pettijohn, Linda S Pettijohn, and A.J Taylor (2007)^^^ va md hinh nghien cftu nghien cim cua S.F Chandra Sekhar (2011)^^^ sau tham khao y kiln cua cac chuyen gia ve su phu hgp cua cac ylu td vdi tinh hinh thuc tl tai Viet Nam, tac gia da dl nghi md hinh nghien ciru nhu sau: cae gia thuylt cua md hinh nghien cftu dupe dat nhu sau: Gia thuylt Hi"^: Su thay ddi cua lanh dao se anh hudng tich cue den Su hai Idng cdng viec cua nhan vien Gia thuylt Hi^: Sy thay ddi cua lanh dao sS anh hudng tich cue den Cam kit eua td chuc ddi vdi nhan vien Gia thuylt H3^: Quyin tu chu edng viee se anh hudng tich cue din Su hai Idng cdng vice cua nhan vien Gia thuylt H / : Quyen tu chii 2.4 Mo hinh nghien cuu Xuat phat tft md hinh nghien cuu eua James B Deconinck (2011)^'', md hinh nghien cuu cua Ahuja et al (2007)"^^^, md H, Su thay ddi Hi cua lanh dao + Su hai Idng cdng viec \ H • H2 \ + + Quyin tu chu Cam ket cua cdng vice td chiic H4 / -1- Mo hinh nghien cuu mdt so yeu t6 anh hudng den du dinh nghi viec cua nhan vien {Ngudn: tdc gid) He Dudinh nghi viec KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG Gia thuyet H7": Su thay ddi eiia cong vice se anh hudng tich cue lanh dao se anh hudng tieu c\rc den du din Cam kit cua td chftc ddi vdi nhan dinh nghi viec cua nhan vien vien Gia thuyet Hs": Quyen tg ehii Gia thuylt Hg": Su hai long trong cdng viee se anh hudng tieu circ cdng viec se anh hudng tieu cue den du din du dinh nghi vipc eua nhan vien dinh nghi viec cua nhan vien 2.5 Bang cau hdi Gia thuylt He': Cam kit cua td chftc se anh hudng tieu cue den du dinh nghi viec cua nhan vien Thang cac ylu t6 tac dong den du djnh nghi viec cua nhan vien STT Mah6a | Diln giii SU" THAY BOI CDA LANH DAO (LMX) Cjp tren hi6u dupe nhOng kho khan eung nhu nhu ciu cua LMXl toi LMX2 Cip tren nhin tiem nang cua toi Bat ki quySn lye va dia vi cua minh, cap tren co xu hudng LMX3 sir dung quyen han eua anh 3y hoac c6 ay de giiip d5 toi Toi CO thi nhcr cay c3p tren toi can sir giiip dS ve mat tai LMX4 chinh Cap tren true tiep tin tuong toi, vi vay co sty hoac anh ay se LMX5 bao ve va bi?n hg cho quyet dinh cua toi toi ving mat LMX6 Toi luon biet vi tri ciia toi doi voi cap tren ciia minh Moi quan he cong viec giira toi va cap tren true tiep LMX7 cue ky an y QUYEN TU" CHU TRONG CONG VIEC (JA) JAI Toi tu kiem soat noi dung cong vice ciia minh Toi dugc tir quyet dinh each thiic thuc hien cong vigc JA2 dugc giao Toi dugc chu dgng sap xep thoi gian di hoan cong JA3 viec dugc giao JA4 Toi CO tham quyen de xuat du an cho cong viec ciia t6i SV HAI LONG TRONG CONG VIEC (JS) Cap tren ciia toi cung cap day dii thong tin v^ cong viec cua JSl toi Toi hai long vi cac hoat dong phong phii, da dang JS2 cong viec Toi hai long vi toi dugc tii lam nhiing gi toi mu6n dS JS3 hoan cong viec Toi hai long voi nhiing co hgi dugc giao tiip voi ngucri khac JS4 qua cong viec Toi CO du CO hgi suy nghi va hanh dgng dgc lap cong JS5 viec JS6 101 hai long voi nhiing ea hgi dg cdng viec dem lai de toi KHOA HOC-U'NG DUNG hoan nhiem vu Toi hai long vai su d8n dap ma toi nhan dugc cong JS7 viec Toi hai long voi su an toan cong viec cua t6i dem lai C A M KET CtIA TO CHtTC (OC) OCl T6i rat han hanh dugc ccng hien tron ddi cho ca quan Tdi that sir cho rang nhung khd khan ciia co quan ehinh la 0C2 khd khan ciia minh 0C3 Tdi khdng cam thSy minh "thuge" ve co quan 0C4 Tdi khdng cam thdy "gSn bd tinh cam" vdi ca quan Tdi khdng cam thay minh la "mgt vien gia dinh" ciia 0C5 CO quan 0C6 Co quan cd y nghia Idn lao ddi vdi ca nhan toi 1 JS8 D V DINH NGHI VIEC (TI) Tdi dang tich cue tim viec khae Til TI2 Tdi nghi r i n g tdi se nghi viec N^u tdi duge tu lua chgn, tdi se nghi vi§c TI3 2.6 Ket qua khao sit Gidi tinh PhSn loai Nil Nam Tdng Duoi 30 Tir 31 d a n Tren 41 Tdng Ddc than Tinh trang hdn Cd gia dinh nhan Tdng Trung cap Cao dang Trinh dd chuySn Dai hgc Sau dai hgc mdn Khac Tdng San xuat Hinh thiie doanh Dich vu Khac nghiep Tdng Dd tudi Hinh thllc sd hftu DNTN Cong ty cd phan S6 phieu khao sat 150 100 250 75 113 62 250 105 145 250 19 65 123 28 15 250 Ty 1? % 60,0 40,0 100,0 30,0 45,2 24,8 100,0 42,0 58,0 100,0 83 133 34 33,2 53,2 250 50 113 TAP CHl KINH! 7,6 26,0 49,2 11,2 6,0 100,0 13,6 100,0 20,0 45,2 KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG Vi tri lam viec Cdng ty Nha nude Tdng Van phdng Kinh doanh Sdn xuat Khae Tdng 87 250 93 113 25 19 250 Hinh thvc doanh nghi$p 34,8 100,0 37,2 45,2 10,0 7,6 100,0 (Ngudn: tac gia) Hinh thvc sir hiru • DNTN • Cong ty Co phan M Cong ty Nhi nude • dich v\i UkhSc Gidi tuih Do tu6i • d u a 30 ãtit31 d6nô) M tren 41 Trinh dp chuyen mon • tmngcap • cao dang *< dgi hpc • s a u d a i hgc HkhAc ^ UK^ N_GHIi;i> KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG Tinh trang hon nhan Vi tri lam vifc • van phdng • kinh doanh 2.7 Kit qua nghi§n cuu Sau qua trinh phan tich, tac gia tim phuang trinh hoi quy du dinh nghi viec CO dang nhu sau; (TI) = -0,069 X (LMX) - 0,358 x (JS) 0,280 X (ROC) Tu phuong trinh h6i quy thu dugc, tac gia nhan thay cac gia thuyet ban dau dua de thuc hien nghien eiiu thi gia thuylt HI, H2, H3, H4, H8 Ichong phii hgp thuc hien khao sat, cae gia thuyet H5, H6, H7 thi hoan toan phu hgp vai khao sat Cu the nhu sau: Gia thuyet H7": Su thay doi ciia lanh dao se anh huang tieu cue den du dinh nghi viec cua nhan vien Kit qua phan tich hoi quy thu dugc la phu hgp bai Su thay doi cua lanh dao doi vai nhan vien theo chieu huang tot thi du dinh nghi viee cua nhan vien se thip (-0,069 < 0) D6ng thai, vai he s6 h6i quy la -0,069 va mue y nghia 0,278 > 0,05 thi tac dpng c6 anh huang khong dang ke Gia thuylt Hs': Su hai long cong viec se anh huang tieu cue den du dinh nghi viee ciia nhan vien Kit qua phan tich h6i quy thu dugc la phu hgp bdi Su hai long cong viec ciia nhan vien dat gia tri cao thi du dinh nghi viec ciia nhan vien se thap (-0,358 < 0) Ddng thai, vai he s6 hoi quy la -0,358 va muc y nghia 0,000