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NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DOI MOT SO GlAl PHAP GIA TANG CO HOI VIEC LAM C H O SINH VIEN TRUdNG DAI HOC KINH TE CONG NGHIEP LONG AN • ThS NGUYEN MINH KHOA (') • ON NGUYEN THI TAI (**) TOM TAT Hien dang tin tgi mpt thuc ti Id sinh vien tdt nghiep tgi cdc ca sd dda tgp hdu nhu chua dap irng dupe nhu cdu cua cdc nhd tuyin dung dp dp hp gap rdt nhieu khd khdn qud trinh dm kiem viec Idm Ddy ciing Id vdn di cdc md Bd, Ban, Ngdnh lien quan ndi chung cung nhu Truang Dgi hoc Kinh ti Cdng nghiep Lang An ndi rieng cdn cd gidi phdp kip thdi nhdm gdp phdn phdt trien kinh te vd dn dinh xd hpi Bdi bap ndy, tdc gid mdtdmdt sS gidi phdp gia tdng ca hoi viec lam chp sinh vien Trudng Dgi hoc Kinh ti Cdng nghiep Long An Cdc gidi phdp ndy da vd dang duac trien khai tgi nhii truang budc ddu dem Igi kit qud khd quan Ty le sinh vien cd viec Idm ndm ddu sau tdt nghiep Id 75% dd: Ngay sau tdt nghiep chiim ti le 44%; Tir din thdng sau tdt nghiep chiem 16%; Tu din 12 thdng chiim 15% Tic khda: Viec Idm, ca hpi nhd tuyen dung, DLA SUMMARY There currently exists a fact that graduates fi-om educatipnal institutes hardly meet the needs of recruiters; therefpre they face many difficulties of looking for jobs This is also the problem of the ministries, departments and agencies in general and Long An University of Economics and Industry in particular, which should make timely solutions to contribute to economic development and social stability Therefpre, the authprs would like to mention some solutions increasing employment opportunities for students of Long An University of Economics and Industry These solutions have been deployed at the university and obtained positive results Percentage of students employed within the first year after graduation is 75% of which: Right after graduation with the rate of 44%); From to months after graduation 16%; From to 12 months 15% Key words: Jobs, opportunities, employers, LA V Dat van de Tnrdng Dai hgc Kinh tl Cdng nghiep I_x)ng An (DLA) dugc lap theo Quylt dinh sd 542/QD- vua hgc, lien thdng, nha tnrdng cdn hen kit vdi cac hudng dai hgc nude dl dao tao dai hge he vira lam vua hgc TTg, 04/05/2007 va chinh thuc di vao hoat LongAnlamdttinhnSmtrongvungkinhtlhpng ddng Ngoai cdng tac dao tao chinh quy cac he dai dilm phia Nam vdi nhilu khu cdng nghiep dugc hge, cao dang, cap ehuyen nghiep, vfta lam hmh va nhilu doanh nghiep da di vao boat CXC") Tnrong Dai hgc Kinh te Cong nghiep Long An NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI dpng Su hinh va phat triin ciia cac doanh Muc dich nghien cuu cua bai bao la tun hieu nghiep Idiong chi tao tien de cho sir pliat trien cua thuc trang viec lam cua sinh vien Truang DLA nen kinh te ma giai quyet viec lam cho nguoi sau tot nghiep, tu de xuat nhiing bien phap lao dong noi chung va lao dpng c6 trinh dp tnmg giup sinh vien Truang DLA co ca hpi tim Idem cap, cao ding, dai hpc noirieng.Xuit phat tu nhu viec lam phu hgp cau cung ung ngudn nhan luc cho su nghiep cong 1.2 Nhiem vu nghien ciiu nghiep hoa cua tinh Long An va khu virc kinh te - Khao sat thuc te viec lam sinh vien Truang trpng diim phia Nam, Truemg Bai hpc Kinh ti DLAda tot nghiep Cong nghiep Lx>ng An doi tro Tnrong - EXra mpt so bien phap nham giiip sinh vien Dai hpc diu tien cua tinh Long An dupe vinh du Truong DLA co co hpi tim kiem viec lam phu dam nhan sii menh lich su cung ung ngu6n nhan hpp sau tot nghiep luc CO ttinh dp cao di phat trien tinh nha 1.3 Khachtiieva doi tuong nghien cuu Tuy nhien tinh hinh khung hoang kinh ti, - Khach Ihe nghien cuu: Sinh vien chinh quy lao dpng that nghiep gia tang, cho nen van de viec cac nganh kinh ti va ky thuat cua Truong DLA da lam cua sinh vien sau tot nghiep dang la noi tit nghiep nam 2013-2014 tran tro cua nhieu tan cu nhan, gia i£nh, nha truang - Doi tuang nghien cuu: Viec lam ciia sinh vien va xa hpi Nhin a goc dp rong, de giai quyet duac Truang DLA sau tit nghiep "bai toan kho nay" can co sir chung tay va gop Thm; trang va nguyen nhan siic cua toaa xa hpi Vai vai tro cua mpt dan vi 2.1 Thuc teng dao tao nguon nhan luc tiinh dp dao tao nguon nhan luc, Truang DLA da va dang Cao ding, Dai hpc nuac ta trien khai nhieu giai phap tich cue de gop phan Trong nhftng nam gan day, quy mo dao tao giai quyet vice lam cho sinh vien sau tot nghi?p Dai hpc, Cao ding nuac ta tang dang ke ca ve so LI Muc dich nghien cuu truang va so sinh vien Chi tiet tai bang sau: CAO DANG 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 215 187 So tnrirag 209 227 230 226 Cong lap 185 198 199 196 24 29 31 30 28 Sinh vieii 422.937 476.721 576.878 726.219 756.292 Cong lap 377.531 409.884 471.113 581.829 613.933 45.406 66837 105.765 144.390 142.359 344.914 429.544 527.533 675.724 702.830 Ngoai cong lap Ngoai cong lap He chinh quy 1.323 662 794 1.069 1.717 VLVH 76.700 46.515 48.551 49.435 51.745 SV t6t nghiep 81.694 79.199 96.325 130.966 169.400 He cu tuyen DAI HOC TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOl 160 169 173 188 204 120 124 127 138 150 40 45 46 Sinh vien 1.180.547 1.242.778 1.358.861 1.435.887 1.448.021 Cong lap 1.258.785 So trufrng Cong lap Ngoai cdng lap 50 ' 54 1.037.115 1.091.426 1.185.253 1.246.356 Ngoai cong lap 143.432 151.352 173.608 189.531 189.236 He chinh quy 688.288 773.923 862.569 970.644 1.039.169 He cir tuyen VLVH SV tot nghiep 5.765 5.562 7.189 7.448 7.660 486.494 463.293 489.103 457.795 401.192 152.272 143.466 161.151 187.379 232.877 Nhu vay cd thi thay, quy md dao tao tang dang kl ca sd lugng tnrdng va sd lugng shih vien qua cac nam, phan anh ngudn cung tirong ddi ddi dao Cd thi nhan ring so sinh vien cdng lap fing dang kl tii 1.03 7.115 sinh vien nam 2007-2008 len 1.258.785 sinh vien nam 2011-2012, ttong he thdng ngoai cdng lap la tii 143.432 nam 2007-2008 len 189.236 nam 2011-2012 Day vua la co hgi vua la thach thirc khdng nhd dat ddi vdi vin dl giao due, dao tao va giai quyet viec lam 2.2 Thuc hang thit nghiep cua shih vien Theo sd lieu thong ke Tdng Cue Thdng ke edng bd eho thSy, nam 2008 ca nude cd 84,2 nghin ngudi ttong tiioi lao dgng cdtiinhdo Cag dSng, Dai hgc tra len that nghiep, thi den nam 2013 eon sd da la 208,9 nghin ngudi Tu nam 2008 din chiu tac ddng tieu cue cua cudc khung hoang kmh te ttong va ngoai nude cung nhu he qua cua viee dao lao DVT: Nghin ngudi TS ngudi tit nghiep co trinh dd C»,DH TS ngudi th^t nghiep Ty le that nghiep so vol so nguoi mdi tot nghifp 2008 234,2 84,2 35,9 2009 222,7 122,1 54,8 2010 257,5 118,4 46,0 2011 318,4 125,1 39,3 Nam (%) 2012 402,3 142,7 35,5 2013 425,2 208,9 49,1 Bang 2: S6 sinh vien tot nghiep trinh Cao dSng, Dai hoc trfr len that nghiep NGHIEN CUU - TRAO BOl khdng theo quy luat cung ciu va nhu cau xa hdi, chat lugng nhan lire chua dap ung dugc yen cau da lam cho tinh hang that nghiep cua lao ddng da qua dao tag ndi chung va lao ddng cd trinh dd Cao ding, Dai hgc ndi rieng khdng ngiing gia tang gay nen su lang phi ngudn nhan lue vd eimg Idn ddi vdi xa hgi 2.3 Nhftng nguyen nhan chu yen din din tmh ttang sinh vien cd trinh Cao dang, Dai hgc chua cd viec lam 2.3.1 Nhu cau sft dung nhan luc tft phia ngudi sft dung lag ddng cang giam Trong giai doan hien nay, cae doanh nghiep bao gdm doanh nghiep ttong nude va doanh nghiep nude ngoai hoat ddng tai Viet Nam dang dftng trade nhftng khd khan, thach thftc Idn Cudc khung hoang kinh te ttong nude va the gidi ttong nhung nam qua da va dang lam hang ham nghin doanh nghiep ddng cfta, tam ngiing hoat ddng hoac thu hep san xuat Day la nguyen nhan chinh din den tinh hang ngudi lao dgng khd cd co hgi tim dugc viec lam, ca nhimg ngudi cd trinh Trung cap, Cao dang, Dai hgc vande 2.3.3 Cdng tac dao tao ehua gan vdi nhu can xa hdi Thuc te tinh hinh dao tao d nude ta ttong thdi gian qua cho thay, chiing ta chua lam tdt khau hudng nghiep, vice lira chgn nghe nghiep phu thudc vao gia dinh, ngudi than, ttao luu ban be Dac biet cd mdt sd tradng chu yeu tuyen sinh nganh nghe de day, de hgc, it phai dau tu CO sd vat chat, ttang thiet bi, khdng phai thuc hanh Do dd, din den dao tag d at, mat can ddi ve cung - cau nhan luc gifta cac nganh, Imh vuc ma tinh ttang khung hoang thfta nhan lire d mdt sd chuyen nganh nhu: tai chinh, tin dung, ngan hang, thuong mai ttong vai nam gan day la mdt minh chirng rd ret 2.3.4 Thj tradng lao ddng chua hoan thien va thieu minh bach Cac cdng cu cua thi tradng lao ddng nhu he thdng san giao dich viee lam, website ve thdng tin thi tmdng lao ddng boat ddng ehua thuc su hieu qua, chua ttd dia chi tin cay gifta ngudi sft dung lao ddng vdi ngudi lao ddng Thi trudng lao ddng, nhat la thi tradng khu 2.3.2 Chat lugng nhan lire ehua cag vue cdng hoat ddng thieu minh bach kem Thuc tl cdng tac tuyen dung nhan luc tai theo dd la eo ehe lam viec sudt ddi khdng bi eac CO quan, doanh nghiep vin cdn mdt lugng sa thai da anh hudng khdng nhd den co hdi cd Idn sinh vien sau tdt nghiep trudng ehua viec lam cua sinh vien cd trinh Cao dang, dap ftng dugc yeu cau cua phia ngudi sft dung Dai hgc lao ddng Theo ket qua dieu tta nam 2013 cua 2.3.5 Van de xuat khau lao ddng nude Vien nghien cftu Quan ly Trung uong va Bd ngoai lam viec chua that su quan tam K I hoach va Dau tu, cd din 59% sd lao ddng Viec xiiC tien, md rdng, du bao nhu ciu Viet Nam dang lam viee hien phai dao tao thi tradng ngudn lao dgng nude nggai cung lai va thilu nhung ky nang mim nhu; ngoai nhu cdng tac dao tao de dua ngudi lao ddng ngft, tin hgc, kha nang sang tao, lam viec ddc nude ngoai lam viec dang thieu mgt dinh lap, lam viec theo nhdm, ky nang giai quylt hudng chien luge, nhat la nhftng ddi tugng cd NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DOl hinh Dai hgc, Cao dang Theo thdng ke chuong trinh viec lam cua Bag Ngudi Lao dgng (nam 2008) thi binh quan cu 100 sinh vien Dai hgc den dang ky tim viee lam thi cd 80% tiong sd khdng tim dugc viec lam ttong thang dau sau tradng, 50% that nghiep hong thang dau va 30% sau mdt nam - Gioi thieu nhftng doanh nghiep cho sinh vien thuc tap, lien he bd tii dgi ngu can be hudng din thuc tap nhiet fmh cd kmh nghiSm tai cac doanh nghiep gfti smh vien dSn thuc tap - Ddi mdi ve chuong trinh va phuong phap dao tao theo hudng giam tai ly thuyet, tang thuc hanh ve nhung kien thuc chuyen nganh va mdn hgc ky nang Thudng xuyen khao sat y kiln cua sinh vien de biet dugc nhiing danh gia, nhan xet ddng thdi nam duge nhung yeu cau, ddi hdi cua sinh vien ttong qua hiih trayen tai ndi dung kien thftc Mot so giai phap gia tang co hoi viec lam cho sinh vien Trirtmg Dai hoc Kinh te Cong nghiep Long An va ket qua dat dugc 3.1 Mdt sd giai phap Nham nang cao co hdi viec lam chg sinh vien, Tradng DLA da cd nhftng giai phap nhu sau; - Nang cao co sd vat chat, ttang thilt hi, cai « - Phdi hgp vdi doanh nghiep triin khai cong tac tu van, gidi thieu nhu cau nhan luc, co hoi nghe nghiep va tayen dung cho sinh vien nhu: f 'V Wr Sinh vien Tmdng DLA Li tk nghiep thien mdi ttudng hgc tap cho smh vien - Ket hop vdi Doan Thanh nien to chue cac cau lac bd de sinh vien nang eao ky nang mim; eae ky nang ein thilt nhu ky nang giao tilp, ky nang giai quylt vin dl sang tao, ky nang giai quyet mau tiiuin, v v td chftc hdi viee lam, mdi cac chuyen gia ta van hang dau vl nhan sir va tuyIn dung ciia cac doanh nghiep, tap huin, bdi dudng ky nang tiep xftc phdng van va lap hd so xm viec lam giiip sinh vien lap than, khdi nghiep - Khao sat, thdng ke lugng sinh vien w SS*"" NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOl ttudng cd viec lam hang thang va quan ly sd sinh vien mdi tdt nghiep chua cd viec lam de cd hudng hd trg cho sinh vien tim kiem viec lam, thuc hien chftc nang la don vi ciu ndi gifta dao tao vdi thuc tiln dap ung cac nhu ciu xa hdi Ddng thdi, cdng bd ve ty le sinh vien cd viec lam sau tdt nghiep tten ttang thdng tin dien tu cua tiirdng de danh gia chat lugng dao tao cua Tradng DLA 3.2 Kit qua dat dugc '*m - Ngay sau tdt nghiep chiem 44% - Tft den thang sau tdt nghiep chiem 16% - Tft den 12 thang chiem 15% Dieu minh chftng: - San pham dao tao eua nha tradng phu hgp va dap ftng dugc nhu cau cua xa bdi - Nha tradng quan tam, chft y den lgi ich cua ngudi hgc, tao nhftng dieu kien thuan lgi nhit chg HSSV: • covjeclamngavsaukhitot ^ ^ • chLracovieclam BiSu dd I: Ty 1^ sinh vien co vi§c lam nam dau sau tot nghiep Ket qua nghien cuu tinh hinh viec lam cua sinh vien t6t nghiep Truang DLA cho thSy tinh hieu dang mung: Ty le sinh vien co viec lam nam dau sau tot nghiep la 75% do: + Dua ky nang tim viec, ky nang sdng vao chuang trinh dao tao + Nha truang chii dong tiep can doanh nghiep de tiep thi "san pham" la sinh vien moi truang Long An TP HCM va dnh lan can xncdinh Bieu 2: Dia ban lam viec cua sinh vien sou tot nghiep trirdng tjajtiiiiatiiiiiiii NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOI lam thi nhung cdng viec cd lien quan den van phdng va sft dung nhiing kiln thuc da dugc dao tao tii nha ttudng vdi ty le 58%i va it cho dSn Ben canh dd, mdt sd sinh vien ciing rat chu khdng lien quan den kiln thiic dugc dao tao ddng ttong viec tim kilm va dinh hudng nghe la 42%i Mac du lam viec khdng diing nganh nghiep cua minh tii cdn ngdi tren ghe nghi dugc dao tao tai tradng, da sd sinh vien van dimg dugc kien thuc va lam tdt cdng viec nhati^rdng 3.2.1 Vl dia ban lam viec cua sinh vien sau dugc giao Ben canh dd, mgt sd sinh vien ylu vl ngoai ngft, tin hgc hgac ky nang mem tdt nghiep tradng Theo so lieu khao sat, thi da phan sinh vien nen khd tim kilm dugc viec lam Hiu hit sd ngudi dugc khao sat deu cho duge khao sat deu lam viec tai tinh Long An chiem ty le 64%, cdn d eac tinh khac chi ring, dl cd thi lam tdt cdng viee khdng chi chiem 11%, khdng xac dinh chiem 25% Dieu cin kiln thftc chuyen mdn ma cdn phai can cho thay hau bet sinh vien tradng deu kiln thuc xa hdi ndi chung + Nha tradng gui danh sach sinh vien tdt nghiep len san giao dich viec lam dl cac doanh nghiep biet den mudn lam viec tai tinh nha, vfta it tdn kem chi phi, vfta phuc vu dia phuang 3.2.2 Ve loai hinh lam viec ciia sinh vien Tradng DLA sau tdt nghiep tradng Ty le sinh vien lam viee ttong eac co quan hanh chinh nha nude chiem ty le khoang 17%, tay nhien mdt loai hinb viec lam chiem ty le sinh vien tdt nghiep trudng dang cang tang la cac doanh nghiep vdi 58% Du kien thdi gian tdi vdi su phat trien eua nen kinh te va qua trinh hdi nhap cac doanh nghiep dau ta vao Viet Nam rat nhilu, ty le sinh vien lam loai hinh nhimg nam tdi chac chiic se cang tang 3.2.3 Ve van de sinh vien tradng lam diing nghe (cd lien quan den nganh dugc dao tao) hoac ttai nghi (nhung cdng viec it hoac khdng Hen quan din nganh dugc dao tao) Trong 75%> sinh vien tot nghiep cd viec Nang cao kha nang cd viec lam cua sinh vien tdt nghiep la vin dl Tradng DLA rat quan tam, Theo TSKH Le Dinh Tuin - Phd Hieu tmong Thudng true Tradng DLA: " D I gia tang co hgi viec lam cho sinh vien sau tdt nghiep can dao tao nhirng sinh vien cd chuyen mdn sau Mudn vay, cin cd su ddi mdi ve chuong trinh va phugng phap theo hudng giam ly thuyet, tang kiln thuc thuc te, thue hanh, thuc day hpc tap va nghien ciiu khoa hgc Ben canh do, can tang cudng dao tao nang luc ngoai ngft tui hgc va ky nang mem cho sinh vien de dap ung nhu cau viec lam hien Nha trudng da khong ngftng tang cudng dau ta eg sd vSt chat, b6 sung hang thiet bi thuc hanh nham nang cao chat lugng dao tao, xay dung chuang hinh dao tao chuyen nghiep sat vdi thuc te; cai tien phuong phap giang day, lien kit dao tao voi cac doanh nghiep de gidi thieu viec lam cho sinh vien" ' f NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOl Ket luan Viec giai quyet vin dl viec lam cho sinh vien Men la vin de cap thiet, ddi hdi eac Bd, Ban, Nganh lien quan phai cd giai phap kip thdi Cdn vdi mdi sinh vien can phai cd y thftc tir giac, chu ddng ttong viec hgc tap nhim tich luy vdn kiln thftc ky nang, dam bag chat lugng cho ngudn lao ddng va can phai cd dinh hudng nghe nghiep taong lai dftng dan Bai bao da md ta nhiing giai phap nhim gia tang viec tim kiem viec lam cho sinh vien eua Tradng Dai hgc Kinh tl Cdng nghiep Long An Trien khai ban dau da va dang dem lai ket qua kha quan: ty le sinh vien cd viec lam nam diu sau tdt nghiep la 75%> do: Ngay sau tdt nghiep chilm ty le 44%), tii din thang sau tdt nghiep chilm 16%), tii din 12 thang chiem 15% Trade mat vin cdn nhilu khd khan ca nguyen nhan chu quan lan khach quan, nhung nhftng boat dgng va ket qua dat dugc thdi gian qua cho thay, Tradng DLA da nang cao kha nang thich ftng cua ngudi hgc, gdp phin nang cao chat lugng dao tao ngudn nhan luc ciia nha trudng gan vdi nhu cau cua doanh nghiep, nhu cau xa hdi, ddng thdi gdp phan giai quyet viec lam cua sinh vien sau tdt nghiep Ve lau dai, cdng tac hudng nghiep cho sinh vien la rat quan hgng, hong dieu kien ngudn nhan luc hien chua dugc phan bd ddng deu theo nhu cau xa hdi (thieu van thieu, thfta van thfta), Bd GD&DT can kien nghi Nha nftdc cd nhung du bao ve nhu ciiu ngudn nhan luc tiong tftng giai doan, de cac tradng ehu ddng viec xay dung chi tieu tayen sinh nganh dd Bg GD&DT phan cdng diu mdi ket ndi, hd tig thdng tin cac doanh nghiep de cac tradng td chftc ,cac hdi hudng nghiep, gidi thieu viec lam cho sinh vien dugc thuan lgi Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] Tdng Cue Thdng ke & Bd Giao due & Dao tao [2] D I an tdng thi giai quylt viec lam cho sinh vien Dai hgc, Cao dang va ngoai nude ehua cd viec lam den nam 2020 cua Bg GD&DT .[3] Bao Ngudi Lao dgng Ngay nhSn: 25/12/2014 Ngay duyet dang: 29/12/2014 AP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP ... de sinh vien nang eao ky nang mim; eae ky nang ein thilt nhu ky nang giao tilp, ky nang giai quylt vin dl sang tao, ky nang giai quyet mau tiiuin, v v td chftc hdi viee lam, mdi cac chuyen gia. .. trinh dao tao + Nha truang chii dong tiep can doanh nghiep de tiep thi "san pham" la sinh vien moi truang Long An TP HCM va dnh lan can xncdinh Bieu 2: Dia ban lam viec cua sinh vien sou tot nghiep... dftng dan Bai bao da md ta nhiing giai phap nhim gia tang viec tim kiem viec lam cho sinh vien eua Tradng Dai hgc Kinh tl Cdng nghiep Long An Trien khai ban dau da va dang dem lai ket qua kha quan:
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