Giá trị xã hội việt nam trong bối cảnh hội nhập nhìn từ quan điểm hệ thống cấu trú

VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUME NUMBER GIA TRI XA HOI VIET NAM TRONG BOI CANH HOI NHAP NHIN Ttr QUAN DIEM HE THONG - CAU TRUC Nguyin Duy Hai', Ha Trong Nghla^ • Tru&ng Dgi hgc Vdn Hiin ' HaiND@vhu edu Ngay nhdn bdi: 12/3/2017; Ngdy duyet ddng: 20/6/2017 TOM TAT Bdi viit nghien citu vi gid tri xd hpi Viet Nam hiin dgi tic cdch tiip can hi thdng cdu true theo cdch nhin xa hgi hgc Kit qud cho thdy xa hpi Viet Nam dang giai dogn hinh thdnh he gid tri m&i v&i ba xu hu&ng trdi ngugc cung tdn tgi: (1) Gid tri cda xd hpi cdng nghiep hien dgi chua dimg vitng, (2) Khia cgnh tiiu cue cua cdc gid tri cii cdn mgnh me (3) Su mai mpt cua mpt so gid tri truyin thong cot loi Stt yeu the cua cdc gid tri hiin dgi giai dogn hpi nhgp dd gdy khung hodng gid tri & Viet Nam, biiu hiin la cdc hiin tugng lech lgc diin & khdp cdc quan hi kinh ti, chinh tri, phdp ludt, cpng dong Nguyen nhdn sdu xa cua su khiing hodng ndy nam & viec cdc thi chi xd hpi, dgc biit la chlnh tri vd ludt phdp chua thuc hiin tot chiec ndng hu&ng dich vd lien kit xd hot Tu kkoa: gid tri, gid tri xd hpi the chi roi logn xung dot, hpi nhdp khung hodng, truyin thong, hien dgi, ca chi, chitc ndng, cdu true, hi thong, hu&ng dich, lien kit, thich itng, tri khuon mdu ldn ABSTRACT Vietnamese social value in integration context from the structural systematic vision This paper examines the values of modern Vietnamese society from a systematic sociological perspective The results show that Vietnamese society is in a process of forming a new value system with three opposing tendencies: (1) the value of unsustainable modern industrial society, (2) negative aspects ofthe strong old remaining values, and (3) declines in some ofthe core traditional values The weakness of modern values in the integration phase has caused a crisis In values in Vietnam, manifesting as deviations in economic, political, legal, and economic relations One of the underlying causes of this crisis is that the social institutions, especially in politics and legislation, have not yet functioned well in targeting and social connections Keywords: Value, social value, institution, disorder, conflict, integration, crisis, tradition, modernity, mechanism, function, structure, system, direction, alignment, adaptation Maintain model diving Ill TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN HIEN Dan nhap Gia tri cd vai frd quan trpng he thdng van hda - xa hdi va la mpt nhiing mdi quan tam chinh yfiu ciia cac nghifin ciiu xa hdi hpc La hat nhan cfla nen van hda, gia fri cd chuc nang lifin kfit cac the chfi xa hfii, tao ddng luc cho xa hpi phat trien ben viing Tuy nhifin, gia tri la mpt pham trfl lich sir, radi mdi tradng xa hdi bien ddi, gia tri xa hdi ciing bien ddi dfi thich nghi Nhung d cac xa hdi dang frong giai doan chuyen tiep, su bien ddi gia tri xay phuc tap va neu xa hdi khdng cd du ngudn Iyc de ho trp qua frinh dinb hinh he thdng gia fri mdi, su rfii loan, xung dot va khflng hoang gia fri se difin va de dga dfin sy dn dinh xa hdi Trong bdi canh qua tir xa h0i ndng nghifip truyfin thfing sang xa bpi cfing nghifip hien dai dudi tac ddng ciia toan cau hda, he gia tri xa hdi Viet Nam gap nhieu bifin dgng Cac nghifin cuu trudc day cho rang cac van dfi vfi bifin ddi, xung dot gia tri sinh frong xa hdi Viet Nara hifin dai la mau thuan giua gia tri trayen thdng vdi gia tri hifin dai Va nguyfin nhan cua su xao frdn la tac ddng cfla yfiu td kinh tfi thi tmdng va hdi nhap van hda qudc tfi Dieu khifin cac chu thfi xa hpi khd dinh hinh ldi sdng radi va do can trd vific xay dyng he gia tri dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghTa Cach tifip can mdt mat gan cho mgt hinh thai kinh te (kinh te thi tradng) vdn trung tinh la nguyfin nhan ciia cac hifin tugng lech chuan gia tri; mat khac Iai xem su tac dpng bfin ngoai (van hda qudc tfi) la nguyfin nhan quan frpng raa it khao ciiu su tac ddng cua cac yfiu td ndi tai cfla xa hdi Viet Nara Ngoai ra, cac nghifin cuu cdn raang tinh chinh tri ddng nhit he gia tri cua chfl ngbia Mac - Lenin vdi he 112 TAP S sd gia tri xa hdi Chinh vi thi, that khd Iy giai la tai da ban 30 nam thyc hien chinh sach Ddi Mdi, lam quen va thuc hifin nen kinh tfi thj trudng song song vdi vific chfl dfing hgi nhap vdi khu vuc va thi gidi, xa hpi Viet Nam van chua dinh hinh dugc mpt he gia fri cdt idi dugc xa hgi dong thuan Hon nfta, nhifiu hifin tupng lech lac gan day d khap cac mdi quan he xa hdi cho thiy dudng nhu xa hdi Viet Nam dang chuyen tft giai doan xung dot dfin giai doan khimg hoang gia fri Bai vifit nghifin ciiu be gia tij xa hpi Viet Nam frong bfii canh hpi nhap qudc tfi theo quan difim he thdng cau trfle cac muc tifiu ehinh la: (1) Phan tich dac tnmg he gia tri xa hdi Vifit Nara Men dai, (2) Tira nguyfin nhan ndi tai cfla cac van dfi sinh he gia tri Viet Nam Phirong phap Ly tkuyet tiep can Ap dyng each tifip can he thfing theo quan diem xa hdi hpc, gia tri xa hpi dugc dat the che van hda; dfin lugt nd, the chfi van hda lai dugc dat mdi lien he vdi cac thfi chfi kinh te, cbinh tri, gia dinh frong tdng the xa bdi Cach tifip can giup kham pha cac dac trung ty than ciia qua trinh van ddng, bifin dfii cfla cac gia tri xa hdi; tu dd tim tac nhan chuih cfla cac vln dl sinh he gia fri xa hpi Viet Nara hifin tai Dir lieu Nghifin cun su dung dft lieu thii cap, tii ba nguon: (1) Cac nghien ciiu tu tap chi khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, (2) Sd lieu tir Tfing cue Thdng kfi, (3) Cac bai bao tren cac bao difin tii VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Phuffng pkdp pkan tick dirlieu Phuong phap suy Iuan difin dich dugc su dung dfi chflng mmh cac Iuan dilm dugc neu frong kit qua nghifin cfln Ben canh dd, phuong phap quy n^p ciing duge dung dfi difiu chinh cac gia thuyet nghifin cun cho phfl hgp vdi thuc tifin, lam tang tinh khoa hgc cfla cac Iuan de khoa hgc Ket qua 3.1 Biin dpng ke gid tri qud trink pkdt trien lich sir Viet Nam tk&i can - kiin dgi Trong lich sft phat frien xa hgi Viet Nara, radi giai doan chuyen tiep dfiu difin su bien doi he gia fri Su bifin dfing he gia fri xa hpi d Viet Nara thdi can dai xay vao gifta thfi ky XIX, thyc dan Phap xara luge Viet Nam Su giao luu van hda xa hdi mang tinh cuong chfi, cflng vdi cac chinh sach khai thac thudc dia cua Phap da tao cac giai tang xa hdi mdi va ddng thdi lara bien ddi he thdng gia fri xa hdi Viet Nam De nhan thay nhat la sy thay ddi thang frat ty gia tri nghe nghiep Xa hpi phong kifin xfip sT, nfing Ifin tren cdng, thuang nhung frong thdi Phap thufic, giai cap tiiuong nhan va cdng nhan dan dan chifim vi tri cao frfin bang xep hang dia vi xa hpi Khdng nhiing thi, nen van hda de cao khoa hgc cua Phap cilng khifin cac gia tri Nho giao vdn chifim uu the va dugc ting ldp cam quyfin vua quan bao hg dan mit vi till frong xa hfii Thay thfi chft Han, chft Nho la chu Qudc ngft, nfin hpc tiiuat Nho giao minh trifit dugc thay thi bang nin hpc tiiuat phuang Tay mang tinh tiiuc chung Su khflng hoang gia fri dupc thfi hifin bdi cac tir tudng rk khac bifit ve muc dicb, phuang tiiu:c diu franh gianh dpc lap dan tpc cfla cac ting ldp lanh dao VOLUMES NUMBERS cac nhdm vii frang chdng Phap tfl phong trao khdi nghTa nfing dan dfin phong frao si phu yeu nudc va phong trao cpng san Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ddi vao nam 1930 bdi canh ca nudc chdng thuc dan Phap da du nh|ip vao Viet Nam he tu tudng Cdng san Den nam chinh quyen d miln Bac va sau dd la fren toan qudc, Dang Cpng San da v ^ dung chfl nghTa Mac - Lfinin vao he thfing xa hdi Viet Nara Trong qua frinh thye hien mo thiic vdn hoa thit hai - md thiic xS hdi chfl nghTa vfi ndi dung va dan tdc vfi hinh thftc vao gifta the ky XX, xa hdi Viet Nam da xay khflng hoang gia tti ap dung nguyfin Iy tap trung quan lifiu bao d p lam xuat hien hifin tupng lech chuan gia fri dao due gia (Dd Huy, Nguyen Thu NghTa, 2014) cung vdi cac hifin tugng xung dot gia tri khac Cudc khiing hoang gia tri keo dai cung vdi sy khflng hoang kinh te dfin tan dau thap ky 90 cfla thfi ky XX mdi cd dau hieu thuyen giam kbi Dang Cpng San Viet Nam quyet dinh ddi mdi, van hanh nfin kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chfl nghia 3.2 He gid tri xa kpi Viet Nam giai dogn hpi nhgp Cho dfin nhflng nam dau ciia the ky XXI, xa hdi Viet Nam Iai bat dau xuat hifin cac van de mdi frong he gia fri xa hpi Qua trinh ly hda bat dau tu sy giao luu van hda thdi Phap thudc, cang cung cd vi fri quan frpng frong qua frinh Viet Nam thyc hifin nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chfl nghia va cho den thdi diem hpi nhap kinh te - xa hpi - van hda toan cau hifin nay, da bat dau chiem vi tri un the fren thang gia tii xa hdi, dac bifit la d ITnh vuc kinh tfi 113 TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN H l fN Bang 1: Sw bien doi cac gia tri xa hgi can ban tnro'c va sau Doi Mdi Trade Doi Mdi (1986) Trong thdi ky Ddi Mdi (tft 1986 dfin nay) it biet tinh toan hifiu qua kinh 69,4% Ddi hdi miic tieu dimg hang cao tl 83,2% Chiu dung gian khd, it ddi hdi 64,7% Biet tinh toan hieu qua kinh tfi 79,4% Kem nang ddng, thao vat 64,5% Chap nhan ganh dua, c^nh franh frong ling xu 74,4% Hudng vao nhiing gia tri tap 61,2% Hudng vao nhiing Igi ich ca nhan la chinh thfi la chinh 64,0% Sfing nang vl tinh nghTa 54,7% Quan hfi ngudi - ngudi dya fren kinh tl 60,0% Thich binh quan chu nghTa 54,6% Dam chap nhan phieu Iuu, mao hifim 55,7% Ngudn: Trdn Si Phdn (2016) Nghien euu cfla Tran S! Phan (2016) cho thay, qua frinh ly hda da tao su thay dfii thang frat ty gia tri frong he gia fri xa hgi Viet Nam Cac gia tri cfla chfl nghia ca nhan dac trung cua nen kinh te thi trudng da chifim vi fri uu thfi va thay thfi gan nhu hoan toan cac gia tri thdi bao cap Cd tbi thay, cac chu&i muc gia tri mdi theo hudng ly - hifin dai dang dugc xac lap nhanh chdng d xa hgi Viet Nam hifin dai He thdng xa hdi Viet Nam dS nhanh chdng dao thai he gia trj bao cap vdn la mgt tu tudng du nhap tu phuang Tay dugc van hanh sai Iam giai doan trade Dfii Mdi Nhung lap tiic, nin nhiing gia tri van hda ban dia da nhanh chdng tim lai cho diing frong xa hdi Dieu khien qua Irinh dinh binh he gia tri mdi bi chara lai siic i cfla cac gia tri tieu eye trayfin thong Bang 2: Su khac biet giwa hai he gia tri truyen thong va hien dai Gia fri trayfin thdng Gia fri hifin dai (Ronald Inlehart, 2008) Tuyfit ddi hda cac gia fri tinh than, xem thudng cac gia tri vat chat (frgng nghia khinh tai; tifin tai nhu phan tho, nhan nghTa trgng thifin kim ) De cao sy dat, iam viec chSm chi va tdi da hda thu nhap la myc dich tfii thugng Lfii ling xu qua thifin ve tinh cam ma mgt sd hpc gia gpi la tinh Xa hfii phap quyen, dfi cao phap luat va cac hanh ddng ly Tinh than cpng dong, lang xa, neu day dfin Quyin Iuc truyfin thdng sang quyfin Iyc 114 VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBER Gia tri hien dai Gia fri frnyin thdng (Ronald Inlehart, 2008) muc thai qua se din din chfl nghTa binh quan, be phai, cue bd, hgp phap - hpp Iy (Nha nudc phap quyin va xS hdi dan sy) - Cac gia tri fruyen thdng ve due tin ldng tnmg thanh, tinh than cdng ddng tmyen thong nhudng cho cho tu Iy tinh Nguon: Tong hgp tie (Vo Nguyen Hodi Nhu, 2015) vd (inlehart R 2008) Hien nay, Viet Nam vl co ban van la mpt nudc ndng nghiep vdi cac chi sd: dan sfi nfing thdn chifim 65,4%; lao ddng ndng nghiep (ndng, Iam, thuy san) chiem 41,9% va ty le Iao ddng qua dao tao ehi dat 38,5% (Van Phflc, 2016) Do dd nfin tang cfla cac gia fri ndng nghiep - tmyfin thdng van rat viing vang va qua frinh xac lap he gia tri cfing nghiep - hifin dai vln chua thfi hoan sdm Nhifiu hifin tupng lech lac gia tri xuat hifin frong cac mdi quan he xa hpi hifin d Viet Nam la bieu hifin cfla sy fri niu cfla gia fri tmyen thdng Bang 3: Anh hudng cua khia canh tieu cue gia tri truyen thong din cac hien tvgng Ifich lac xa hgi & Viet Nam Yiu cdu cuaxd hpi hiin dgi Ky luat Tdn du xa hpi nong ngkiep Tuy tien Lech lgc xa kpi su:c I cUa gid tri truyin thing tieu cue Tai nan ddng Iao Biiu hiin lich lgc Nam 2016 toan qudc xay 7.981 vy tai nan lao ddng (TNLD) iam 8.251 ngudi bi nan frong dd: - Sd vy TNLD chit ngudi: 799 vy - Sfi vu TNLD cd hai ngudi bi nan frd len: 106 vu - Sfi ngudi chfit: 862 ngudi - Sfi ngudi bi thuong nang: 1.952 ngudi - Nan nhan la lao dpng nft: 2.371 ngudi (Cue An Toan Lao Dpng, Bp Lao ddng Thuang binh Xahpi, 2017) Canh franh Bao cao cfla Chinh phfl trinh Qudc hdi tai ky Chfl nghTa Mdt ngudi lara quan ca hp hpp thu (2017) lifit ke tinh tiianh cd 58 tindng 115 TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAl HOC VAN H | N Yeu cau cua xa hpi hiin dgi cdng bang Tdndu xa kpi nong ngkiep Bieu kiin lich lgc hop b l nhifim ngudi nha la: Ha Giang, Nghfi An, Thua Thifin - Hue, Dak Lak, Binh Dinh, Can Tho, Ba Ria - Viing Tau, Yfin Bai, Da Ning (Bich Difip, 2017) Ngoai ra, theo tfing hpp tu eae bao mang, cdn cd nhiing tinh sau: Hai Duong, Ha Ndi, Gia Lai, Quang Nam than huu dugc nhd Duy tinh Kfit qua lan dau tifin tifin hanh thim "Lam phat" bang tien sT, dinh cdng tac dao tao tien sT d cac trudng Dai hgc "Tifin sT giay" Bp Giao dye - Dao tao (GD-DT) thyc hien frong hai nara 2013 va 2014: Cd dfin rapt nfla sfi ca sd dao tao khdng lam dung quy trinh dao tao tien sT 2/3 nha tham dinh ddc lap danh gia luan an khdng dat yfiu cau (Nggc Ha, 2014) Thugng ton luat phap Duy 1^^ Lech lge xa kpi site i cua gid tri truyen thdng tieu cue Giao su Nguyen Minh Thuyfit: Nhieu ngudi hudng dan khoa hpc chua theo kip su phat frifin cfla khoa hpc; quy trinh dao tao chua phu hpp; vific chim luan an thudng roi vao tinh trang hinh thuc, dT hda vi quy Dan ta cd cau "Mdt fram cai 1^ khdng bang mdt ti cai tinh" Trong each an d vdi nhau, frpng tinh la rapt nip sdng tdt Nhumg cdng viec raa dl tinh at ly thi hdng hfit vific (Nggc Quang, 2016) Giao su Do Trin Cat cho rang, hau hfit "anh em dugc vao hgi ddng" la nhflng ngudi de dai vdi dng tiiay hudng dan va nghifin ciiu sinh Danh sach duge dua Ifin Bg GD-DT lai dugc nhiing ngudi khdng bilt vl chuyfin mdn, nganh nghfi xem xet Trong qua trinh cho diem, danh gia, nhftng ngudi ngfii hdi ddng thudng bi siic ep nfin hau h6t cho difim xuit sac, diem tdt mac dfl trfin thyc te luan an khfing dugc nhu thfi (Ha Ngi Mdi, 2006) 116 VOLUME NUMBER VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Cac hifin tugng Ifich lac xa hdi ndi frfin chi la vi du tifiu bifiu cho rit nhifiu vln nan xa hdi khac dang tdn tai d Viet Nara hifin Nhiing bifin tugng cho thiy cac gia fri tifiu cue cfla xa hgi ndng nghifip truyen thdng da len ldi vao nhifiu ITnh vyc boat dgng xa hfii, khien cho cac gia tti xa hpi hifin deii bi yfiu thfi cac quan he xa hdi CO ban Trong cac gia fri tien tien cua xa hpi hien dai chua dupe xac I^p, cac gia tri tdt dep cfla xa hpi truyen thdng lai raai mgt nhanh chdng Cum tii "suy ddi dao due" dugc su dung vdi tin suat cao tren cac phuong tifin trayfin thfing dai chiing cho tbay xa bgi dang dan cam nhan sy difin dien cfla giai doan khflng hoang gia tri d Viet Nam Bang 4: Sur suy yeu cua cac gia tri truyen thong nhu la mot nhung nguyen nhan cua cac hien tugng lech lac xa hgi if Vifit Nam Cac giafridao diic tmyfin thdng (Hoang Phuc, 2015) Suy yeu gia tri Bifiu hifin lech lac Ngudi ta cd thfi than nhifin diing nhin canh rapt ke manh an hifip ke yeu; rapt vy nu sinh lot ao, giat tdc, danh hdi ddng; mdt vu lara nhuc ngudi khac nhu xera mdt man kich, lay dien thoai quay rdi tung Ifin mang Ngudi ta coi nhu khdng nhin thiy ke gian mdc tiii ttfin xe buyt raac dfl vific dd xay sd sd trudc raat Tfl nhiing chuyen tianh cai hay xd xat Iat vat nhung khdng Ifin tieng can ngan va thfi la dan tdi an mang Ldng nhan thuang ngucri Vd cam Mdt bfinh nhan, hay nan nhan dugc dua tdi benh vien, cho dfl dang tinh trang thap tii nhat sinh, nhung khdng dugc ciiu chfta vi cdn chd ngudi nha din Iam cac thfl tuc can thifit, ttong dd cd ca thu tyc "dau tien", din xong rapi thfl tuc thi dau cdn ngudi niia dfi ma ciiu chiia Mdt vy tai nan trfin dudng vang, nan nhan nam tren vflng mau, xe gay tai nan da bd chay mat tara, cdn bao nhieu xe khac vh\ vun vut lao qua vi "qua ban", "qua vpi" Khdng chi ngudi dan ma tang ldp can bd - nbiing "cdng bgc cfla dan" cung mac phai benh Trong he thing cdng quyfin, nd thfi hifin d su thd a, d cac chieu "danh vdng", gay khd khan, gay can frd, thay vific can phai Iam nhung khdng lam hoac dat nhiing ddi hdi trai khoay, cd tinh keo dai de vy lgi khifin ngudi dan, 117 l^P S6 TAP CHl KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN HIEN Cac giafridao diic trayen thdng (Hoang Phflc, 2015) Suy yeu Bifiu hifin lech lac gia tri doanh nghifip, cac td chiic xa hdi dfin he thdng cdng quyin dfiu khfing hai ldng, tham chi bat binh Khfing thilu nhflng "cdng bpc" bupc dan phai dfin frinh bay lan lugt khac, tim each vdi vmh rdi radi giai quyet Tham chi, cd nhiing ngudi dang tam an chan cua thuang binh, gia dinh cbinh sach, ngudi tan tat, hd ngheo Du Iuan gan day ndng Ien sy vd cam, tac frach cfla nhan vien y tfi dan den nhung cai chet oan udng cua ngudi dan Mudn chira benh thi phai fra tien trudc, cd chiit lot tay thi tifim dd dau hon, thay bang nhe nhang ban Nhung vy bao mlu ngugc dai, hanh fre tha tai mpt sfi ca sd nudi day tte va bao nhieu chuyen dau Idng khac frong nganh giao due, nhirng tieu cue ttong nganh y tfi, nhung vu oan sai nghifim trpng frong nganh tu phap cho thay benh vfi cam dang dien ca frong nhiing ITnh vyc ciiu ngudi, day ngudi, bao vfi cfing ly (Hd Quang Lgi, 2014) Viet Nam la qudc gia tifiu thy bia Idn nhat thfi gidi, tim kilm vl iPhone nhilu bac nhit tiifi gidi, tiet kifim de mua iPhone cung lau hang dau chau A Rieng vfi nhiing gia fri vat chat phyc vu cho viec cang mgt tim "phdng bat" chflng td gia fri cfla minh, ngudi Viet "cham chi" hang dau the gidi Dflc tinh yfiu lao ddng, can cfl Dang tile, khl danh gia mdt qudc gia van minh, ngudi ta se khdng nhin vao vific ngudi dan dflng chiec difin thoai nao, Iai chile xe nao, ma nhin vao mu:c dp Ludi bifing chara chi cfla qua frinh tifip thu nhiing gia fri van minh cua thfi gidi Rieng khoan nay, chung ta dang nam ttong nhdm nhung qudc gia ludi bilng nhat Ludi bifing theo ca nghTa true tiep lan gian tiep Chung ta cd thfi nhm thiy su ludi bieng d bat kj' dau xung quanh minh Mpt ngudi dieu khifin xe may cd the ngdi hang gid toilet xem dien thoai, nhung lai qua ludi dimg den dd them giay 118 VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Cac giafridao due trayfin thfing (Hoang Phuc, 2015) Suy yeu gia fri VOLUME NUMBER Bifiu hifin le^h lac Mdt ngudi Idn tudi sfing d mdt khu chung cu van rainh, nhung ludi thay ddi, ludi thich nghi va hp liy cd tudi gia dfi cd thfi thoai raai chen lan d sifiu thi, hoac nhung noi cfing cdng khac yfiu cau xfip hang nghifim tiic Mgt em nhd ludi van ddng, thay vi cdng vien chay choi lai chgn ngdi nha dan mat vao man hinh tivi Mgt ban tre ludi hpc tieng Anh va rdt cudc gap ngudi nudc ngoM, ban tte cudi ndi egt nha, dfla gian thieu y thfle de che lap di sy ddt nat cfla minh Rat nhieu Facebooker san sang ngfii ca fren mang share lien tyc nhung can ndi hay cfla cac vT nhan, nhung hinh anh van minh d My, Nhat, Han, nhimg hp lai qua ludi bifing dfi lara dieu tuong tu Chung ta dang tao mdt thfi he ludi bieng (Bao Nam, 2016) Thur nhat la raua dfi dac khdng dflng vdi nhu cau sir dyng Difin thoai chi can dfi nghe gpi nhung cii phai raua loai cam flng dit tiln Cd may tinh ban, may tinh xach tay van mua thera may tinh bang Cd iphone van cii sam thfim ipad, frong ipad chi dimg de chai game Ngudi giau co tiln cdn da, dang nhieu ngudi luang ba cpc ba ddng, tbam chi cac em sinh vien chua lara tiln cung chay dua, muc dich chi de khoe me Tiet kiem Lang phi, xahoa Thu: hai la an udng vd cung lang phi Di an hang thi gpi du mdn rdi dl thfta miia, an khdng hfit thi di chii khfing bao gid gdi gem dem vfi Trong cac nudc tu ban giau cd, hg chi ggi dfl an, an vet sach dTa, thira gdi mang vl Ngay ca chuyfin chg bfla nau nudng frong gia dinh, nhifiu ngudi van cd thdi quen cii di sifiu thi la mua dfl thu, vfi tfing bfit vao tfl lanh, an khdng hfit tbi bd di Thfl ba la su dung difin nudc hoang phi Cd gia dinh ehi hai vg chdng va diia nhd ma dflng hon mdt frifiu tifin dien moi thang Nhu cau thifit yfiu can phai diing khdng ndi lara gi, dang di ve sinh xong khdng 119 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN HIEN cac giafridao diic tinyfin thong (Hoang Phflc, 2015) Suy yfiu gia fri Bieu hien lech lac tat dien, dien de sang choang tii tang trfin xudng tang dudi ban cdng, ti vi, may tinh bat song song, ndng ciing difiu hda, lanh cung dieu hda, ndng lanh de rfla tay, rira bat, rua rau ludn Thu tu la thich chai hang hifiu, dat tifin Mua xe may phai xe tay ga mdi dSng cap Quan ao, giay dep phai thuang hieu nudc ngoai, vai trieu rapt bd hay tham chi vai chyc frieu, frara frifiu mpt bp Khdng phai gidi nghfi sT mdi chiu chi khoan dau nhe, dan thudng ciing nhifiu ke chiu choi lira, khdi^ tin cac ban cu thfl vao raly trang tam mua sim hang sang nhu Trang Tien, Parkson, The Garden, Royal City thi biet Thli nam la tiiich tific tiing, an choi nhay mfla Ngudi Viet rainh ngheo nhung rat thich tific, Ifin luang an tiec, thang chflc an tific, sinh nhat cflng tiec, thfii nfii ciing tific, 8/3 tific, 20/10 tific tham chi cha can ly gi ciing tific vi "tu tap cho vui" Mdi lan tiec la mdi lan tdn kem Cd nhiing nguai luong thang chi dfl sinh boat ma van khdng chju vang mat bat cft budi tific nao Thu hdi cdn dau raa tich liiy (Minh Thanh, 2013) Nhifiu vu vific hpc frd danh thay cd giao xay frong nhiing nam gan day khifin du Iuan phan no - Thanh Chuang - Nghi An: Tinh thin hieu hpc, tdn su trpng dao + Nam sinh chera thay giao frpng thuong vi bi nha tradng thdng bao vfi gia dinh viec hpc hanh sa siit va thudng xuyfin bd hgc di chai + Hpc sinh cat frpc dau, thiy giao yeu cau gap thay Phd Hifiu ttudng chuyen frach xm phep mdi cho vao ldp Hpc sinh khdng nghe, bd vl nha, gpi thfim hai ngudi ban, ddn danh thiy bang ong sat va dap hdng xe may cua thay - Ninh Thugn: Bi nhac lara bai tap Nam sinh danh cd giao gay mfli, bat tinh 120 VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Cac giafridao due trayfin thdng (Hoang Phiic, 2015) Suy yiu gia tri VOLUME NUMBER Bieu hien lech lac - Hd Npi: Nam sinh dung gay sSt danh thay trpng thuang thay danh diu sfi bufii nam sinb ngbi hpc vao sd theo ddi - Hd Chi Minh: Tft choi mac ddng phyc, hpc sinh Idp 10 danh vd dau thay giao ttong gid hpc (Han Hiln, 2016) Thfly chung Ngoai tinh Cudc dieu fra Bg Van hda - Thfi thao va Du Lich, phdi hgp vdi Tdng cue Thdng kfi, vdi sy hd trg cfla UNICEF cho thay, sd vu ly hdn dang tang nhanh Neu nam 2000 chi cd 51.361 vu ly hdn thi nam 2005 da tang Ifin 65.929 vu Ngudi vg dftng dan ly hdn hien gap Ian so vdi ngudi chdng dung don Ngudi tdt nghiep dai hgc, cao dang cd t^ lfi Iy hdn tfl 1,7- 2%, thip ban ty le 4- 6% cfla ngudi khdng cd bang cap Sd nam sdng trang binh trudc ly hfin cfla cac cap vg chong 18- 60 tufii la 9,4 nam; cdn rifing d cac khu vuc ngi thanh, cac tbanh phfi ldn, chi nam Cd nguyfin nhan thudng xay nhifiu la: Mau thuan vfi ldi sdng: (ehiira 27,7%); ngoai tinh (25,9%); kinh tl (13%); bao lyc gia dinh (6,7%) (HTH, 2014) Tdm lai, sy dinh hinh he gia tri chuan myc mdi d Viet Nam hifin dai la mpt qua frinh day mau thuan gifta cac gia tri radi chua dupc xac lap vi thfi viing chac, mat tieu cue cfla cac gia tri cfl cdn manh me va sy mai mot cfla mpt sfi gia tri trayfin thdng cot Idi Chinh sy xung dot da gay nen hien tugng khflng hoang gia tri cfla xa hpi Viet Nam thdi hpi nhap Day la mdt nhiing nguyfin nhan chinh gay nfin cac hien tugng lech lac xa hgi cd nguy ca gay nguy co xung dot va khflng hoang xa hdi 3.3 Cff cki tdc dpng cda tki chi uu thi din gid tri xd kpi - mpt su dien dick // tkuyet Bat ky mdt be thdng xa hdi nao cung bifin ddi de thich nghi vdi mdi tradng ben ngoai ludn tbay ddi Do dd, sy bifin ddi, xao trdn, xung dot va tham chi khflng hoang gia tri la difiu binh thudng cua sy van ddng xa hpi, nhat la vao giai doan mpt he thdng xa hdi phai thyc hifin su chuyen ddi de thich nghi va hpi nhap vdi cac he thdng xa bfii khac Trong qua trinh nay, xa hdi se xay hien tugng "mat phuong 121 TAP CHf KHOA HOC DAI HOC V A N HI^'N hudng tara thdi" xa hpi chua xac lap dugc mdt he gia tri chung, thich ung vdi mdi trudng radi Trong hoan canh ay, su lech lac xa hdi dfi xuat bifin cac mdi quan he xa hdi, nhat la d quan he kinh te, chinh tri, phap luat, cdng ddng Ci mpt he thdng xa hdi ly tudng, thfi chfi ehinh fri se thuc hien chuc nang budng dich (goal attainment') giflp cho toan xa hdi hieu muc dich cfla giai doan chuyen ddi va cac gia tri ky vgng hoan tbanh qua frinh qua Tbfi chfi pbap Iuat se thyc hifin chftc nang lifin kfit (intertion*) cac nhdm xa hdi, cac the chfi xa hdi khac bang nhiing quy pham phap Iuat, giflp tang tinh cd ket xa hdi Nhd cd hai sy frg giflp tft the che chinh tri va phap luat, thfi chfi kinh tfi (vdn la nfin tang cua tat ca cac dinh chfi va quan be xa bpi) se phat huy chftc nang thich ftng (adaptation ) vfin cd cfla rainh bang each tan dung tfii da cac ngudn luc de dam bao sy tdn tai vat chat cua xa hdi, tao difiu kien cho cac thfi che xS hdi cdn lai dfii mdi phfl hop vdi hoan canh xa hpi da thay ddi Hoat ddng song song vdi cac thfi chfi trfin la the chfi van hda se thyc hifin chuc nang tri khudn mau lan (latent pattern maintenance^) bang each Iuu gift cac gia fri fruyfin thdng phu hop, tiep thu cac gia tri hifin dai dfi hinh he gia tri xa hdi radi dugc da sd cac nhdra xa hpi tan Nhiing gia fri, chuan myc mdi nay, sau dugc xac lap, se dugc trayen lai cbo cac the he ke tifip theo dudng xa hgi hda He gia tri se thong fri xa hdi cho den mfii trudng xa hpi thay dfii va nhu cau thiet lap mpt he gia tri mdi xuat hifin Lflc nay, cac thfi chfi xa hdi TAP sd lai tilp tue thuc hifin cac chuc nang cua minh de, rapt iln niia, giup he thdng thich nghi va phat triln Difiu kifin tifin quyfit dfi mfit he thong xa hdi cd the tai san xuat cac gia tri xa hdi va dinh hinh he gia fri xa hgi mdi, phii hpp vdi moi trudng mdi !a: mdi the che frong he thfing xa hpi dugc phat friln binh thudng va khdng xam pham cac thfi che khac, tao nfin mgt moi tnrang sinh thai xa hdi dn dinh Trong qua frinh tucmg tae giua cac the che, nfiu mdt thfi chfi chifim uu the vdi tat ca nhftng the chfi cdn lai va ap dat he gia tri cfla minh vao cac the che khac thi se xay xung dot giua nen van hda chimg va cac tieu van hda Khi ay, cac thfi chfi yeu the, be ngoai td chap nhan he gia tri thdng tri, mat kbac van fri he gia tri rifing ddi lflc ddi nghich Dieu dan den rdi loan gia tri Bfin canh dd, cac the che yeu the tucmg tac vdi thfi che uu thfi va hoac cac thfi chfi yiu thfi khac se tu "san xuat" cac gia tri mdi dfi thich flng cac gia fri mdi tdn tai ngam ben dudi he thfing gia tri chinh thdng nhu la nhiing quy tac bat van, thudng mang tinh tifiu eye, phan gia tri Hifin trang khifin cho cac gia tri cu bi xdi mdn, gia fri mdi khd dugc xac lap va gay khflng hoang gia tri toan xa hdi Khi ay, xa hdi mat dinh hudng, phan ra, mat kha nang thich ftng va cd thfi gSy xung dot xa hdi frfin difin rdng dan dfin khung hoang xa hdi Ket luan Nghifin ciiu cho thay he gia fri xa hgi Viet Nam hifin dai la mpt phuc hgp ciia nhilu gia tri khac bifit, mau thuan va xung ' ^-^ Cac thuat ngft dirge T.Parson (1902-1979) su dung 1^ thuydt HS thing xa hoi cua ong cong bl nam 1951 Tham khao them tai (Vu Quang Ha, 2002) 122 VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE dot vdi ba xu budng: (1) Gia fri cfla xa hdi cong nghiep hifin dai chua dflng vung, (2) Khia canh tieu euc cfla cac gia fri cu cdn manh rae, (3) Sy raai radt cua mdt sd gia fri fruyen thdng cdt loi Chinh su xung dot da gay nen hien tugng khflng hoang gia fri cfla xa hdi Viet Nam thdi hdi nhgp Sy khflng hoang gia fri va phan xa hdi cd thfi dugc kifim soat nfiu cac tbfi chfi xa hdi, dac bifit la thfi chfi chinh tri va phap luat thyc Men tdt cac chftc nang cfla minh va gianh khdng gian boat ddng thich dang cho cac the chfi xa hgi khac Ngugc lai, su banh tradng va thao tflng qua muc cfla bat ky mgt the che nao ciing se lam tram frgng hon sy xung dot va khflng hoang gia tri, gay chia re xa hdi va day toan bp be thong xa hdi vao khflng hoang Nghifin cftu cho thay he gia tri Viet VOLUME NUMBER Nam hifin dai khong chi la sy dan xen gifta gia tri cu va gia fri radi radt mfi hinh bat bifin ma dungbon, day la rapt qua trinh ty dinh hinh gia tri theo radt quy luat dac thfl va phflc tap, do, cd su dao thai cae gia tri ngoai lai, sy chpn Ipc cac gia trj cu (chdng lai sy suy thoai va khia canh tifiu cue eua gia fri trayfin thong) va tiep thu cac gia fri mdi Bfin canh dd, each tifip can he thdng cung cho thay nguyen nhan chinh can ttd sy xac lap he gia tri hifin dai - cfing nghifip nam d cac thfi chfi xa hpi chifim uu thi cfla chinh he thong xa hpi Viet Nam, chu khfing phai tu mdi traong hdi nhap kinh tfi hoac van hanh nen kinh te thi tradng Nhu vay, nghien cftu ve gia tri xa hpi Viet Nam, can xera nd nhu mpt ddi tupng cd su van ddng npi tai va hudng tdi mpt each nhin he thfing TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Cye An Toan Lao Ddng, Bg Lao dpng Thuong binh Xa hdi (2017), Thdng bao tinh hinh tai nan iao ddng nam 2016 [2] Bich Difip (2017), "Ca nha lam quan" hay chuyen lam dyng quyfin lyc da din hdi bao ddng [3] Tran Nggc Duy (2016), Lifin tiJC xay tai nan lao dfing nganh tiian: Ky luat an toan bi xem nhe [4] Dang Thi Phuang Duyfin (2013), Vai trd cua gia tri van hda trayin thdng ddi vdi vific dinh hinh van hda cho ldi sdng d ngudi Viet Nam hien nay, Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, 97-lOA [5] Ngpe Ha (2014), Nhfin nhao nhu dao tao tiln sT [6] Vu Quang Ha (2002), Xa hdi hgc dai cucmg, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi [7] Han Hiln (2016), Nhftng vu hpc trd danh thiy cfi gay phan no [81 HTH (2014), Giat mmh vfi sd thdng kfi cua gia dinh Viet 123 TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAl HOC VAN HIEN [9] Inlehart R (2008), Hien dai hda va Hau hifin dai hda, Chinh fri Qudc gia [10], Hd Quang Lgi (2014), Vd cam - Cai chfit tu tam hdn [11] Do Huy, Nguyen Thu NghTa (2014), Bang gia fri cfla van hda Vi?t Nam hanh frinh chuyfin tft tmyen thdng sang hien dai, Khoa hgc xd hpi Viit Nam, 102-112 [12] HaNdi Mdi (2006), Hdi ddng bao vfi Iuan an tien sT de dai vdi nghifin cftu sinh [13] Bao Nam (2016) Ngudi Viet dang tao mgt the he ludi bilng [14] Nguyen Xuan NghTa (1998), Xa hgi hgc: Khai nifim - Khuynh hudng - Van de, Dai hgc Md Ban Cdng TP.Hd Chi Mmh [15] Vo Nguyen Hoai Nhu (2015), Kfi thfta cac gia tri tinh than trayen thdng hien dai hda xS hdi Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, 78-84 [16] Trin ST Phan (2016), Xung dot he gia frj tinh than va xay dyng he gia tri cfla ngudi Viet Nam Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, 20-26 [17] Hoang Phuc (2015), Bao tdn va phat huy gia fri trayfin thfing - Nen tang cfla dao diic radi cho thfi be tbanh nifin Viet Nara hifin [18] van Phuc (2016), Ty Ie Iao ddng Viet Nara qua dao tao nghi chi dat 38,5% [19] Vu Hao Quang (2014), Ly thuyfit gia tri va mfi hinh bifin ddi gia fri ttong nghifin ciiu xa hpi hpc Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, 63-72 [20] Nggc Quang (2016), "Thii that, tdi rat ngai tham gia hdi ddng cham luan an tifin sf [21], Minh Thanh (2013), ST difin, tifiu hoang da an vao mau ngudi Viet! [22] Ha Thu (2016), Lam phat dao tao tiln sT: Nhihig tifin sT cudc ndi gi ? 124 ... va phong trao cpng san Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ddi vao nam 1930 bdi canh ca nudc chdng thuc dan Phap da du nh|ip vao Viet Nam he tu tudng Cdng san Den nam chinh quyen d miln Bac va sau dd la fren... Viet Nam quyet dinh ddi mdi, van hanh nfin kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chfl nghia 3.2 He gid tri xa kpi Viet Nam giai dogn hpi nhgp Cho dfin nhflng nam dau ciia the ky XXI, xa hdi Viet Nam. .. khap cac mdi quan he xa hdi cho thiy dudng nhu xa hdi Viet Nam dang chuyen tft giai doan xung dot dfin giai doan khimg hoang gia fri Bai vifit nghifin ciiu be gia tij xa hpi Viet Nam frong bfii