Le Huy Tung Chinh sdeh nhd dxdhgi eho ngudi thu nhdp CHINH SACK NHA XA HOI CHO NGlTdl THU NHAP THAP d HA NOI HIEN NAY Le Huy Ting* TV Thd d xd hgi cho ngudi thu nhgp thdp Id mgt vdn di quan trgng vd cap bach, cdn l l s u quan tdm ciia Chinh phu cUng nhu todn ngdnh xdy dung nhdm ddp ling nhu cdu an sinh ciia ngudi ddn, dn dinh xd hgi Ngay tgi thit dd Hd Ndi, thdng qua nhiing doi m&i mang tinh dot phd tic quan diim, cdch thic tiip cgn cho din gidi phdp thytc thi chu trucmg ndy dd dem lgi nhiing y nghia xd hgi quan trgng Bdi viet tap trung phdn tich ehinh sdeh nhd dxdhgi eho ngudi thu nhdp thdp d Hd Ndi vd kiin nghi mdt sd gidi phdp hodn thiin, ndng cao hiiu qud thue thi chinh sdeh thdi gian t&i T i khda: Nhd d xd hf i, ngudi thu nhdp thip, Hd Nfi Khai niem nha d xa hfi Khdi niem "Nha d xa hpi" (social housing), bit nguIn t i cdc nude Anh, My, Canada rli din lan rfng cdc nude khac nhu Nhdt Bdn, Han Qulc, Id mft Ioai nha dupe,Chinh phi hd tto cho nhitag ngudi khong cd thu nhdp, hoac cd nhung khdng dang kS Nhitag ngudi ndy thudng Id ngudi vo gia cu, ngudi gid don tiian, ngudi tdt nguySn, ngudi dau ySu khdng noi nuong tya, nhimg ngudi sau mdn han tu nhung khdng cdn sic lao dfng Loai nha ttong nhilu hudng hpp dupe gpi la nha tutiiiSn,vd da phan la cia nhd nude, ngodi cdn cd *Trirang Dai h^c Kinh doanh vS C6ng ngh§ Hi Npi 64 cdc hiep hfi nha d, cdc td chic t i thifn tham gia timg phan de hi cupc sdng cua nhung ngudi sdng hong nha xa hfi Chinh vi vdy, ngudi s i dung khdng cd quyln sd hiiu vd duong nhidn khdng thS chuySn nhupng ma chi cd thi s i dung ttong thdi gian nhit djnh (cd till la tu 10-15 nam) Nha d cho ngudi thu nhdp thip ciing la khai nifm t i cac nude phuong Tay, khde bift vdi khai nifm nhd d xd hfi d dilm, ddy Id nha xay dS ban chu khdng phdi Id nhd ti thifn Ddi tupng dupe mua vd sd hilu nha la nhttng ngudi thu nhdp thdp, nhttng ngudi nSu Idiong cd su ttp giip cua Chinh phi se gdn nhu khdng tiiS ty mua nhd Idm noi cu tri Sy ttp giup cia Chinh phi cd till la giam hoac mien tri mpt sd Ioai thul cho NghiSn ciu An Df vd Chdu A Sl - 2017 chi dau tu nhu thul dit hodc h5 tta ve thi quy dinh, tudn theo edc quy dinh vdphdp tyc vay vin ngdn hdng nhim gidm tli da luat cita Nhd nu&c "' gid nhd dl ngudi cd thu nhdp thip cd khd Chinh sdeh nhd d xa hfi va vifc thi^c nang tilp cfn vd chi tta Ngodi ra, ngudi thi chinh sdeh nhd d xS hfi t ^ Ha Nfi mua nha cd gid thip cung thudng dupe hd Chinh sach nhd &xa h$i hp thSm vay vin ngan hang Din din, khdi niem nhd d xd hpi vd nha d cho ngudi thu nhfp thip dupe hilu gin gilng Id mft lo^i hmh nha d thufc sd httu cia CO quan niid nude (cd till trung uong hodc dja phuong) hoac cdc lo^ hinh nhd dupe sd httu vd quan ly bdi nhd nude, cac td chic phi Ipi nhudn dupe xdy dung vdi muc dich cung cip nhd d gia rS cho mft sd ddi tupng dupe uu tiSn ttong xd hfi nhu cdng chic cia nhd nude chua cd nhd d dn djnh, ngudi cd thu nhfp thip vd duoc cho thuS hodc cho d vdi gid re so vdi gid thi trudng Thu nhdt, vl ddi tupng thy hudng chmh sdeh hd ttp vl nhd d xa hfi Dilu 49 Ludt Nhd d ndm 2014 quy djnh cac dli tupng dupe hudng chinh sach hd fro vl nhd d xa hdi, gom 10 nhdm dli tupng dupe hd ttp cdi thifn vl nha d nhu: ngudi cd cdng vdi cdch m ^ g , can bd, cong chic vidn chic; sT quan, qudn nhdn chuySn nghifp; ngudi thu nhfp thip, hf ngheo; ngudi khuylt tdt, ngudi gid cd dan Thii hai, vl dilu kifn duoc hudng ehinh sach hd tto vS nha d xd hfi, Dilu 51 Ludt Nhd d ndm 2014 quy djnh: Vift Nam, khdi niem "nhd d xa hfi" chinh thic xudt hifn lin diu tiSn vdn Doi vdi cdc trudng hpp quy dinh tai bdn phdp ludt Id Ludt Nhd d 2005, vdi djnh khodn Dilu 50 cia Luat Nhd d ndm 2014 nghia Nhd d xa hfi Id "Nhd d Nhd nude thi phdi ddp irng cac dilu kifn glm: hoge td chtic, ed nhdn ddu tu xdy dyng di a) Chua cd nha d thupc sd hiiu cia mmh, cho cde ddi tugng quy dinh tgi Diiu 53 vd chua dupe mua, thud hodctiiuSmua nha d xa Diiu 54 cua Ludt ndy thui hoge thue mua" hfi, chua dupe hudng chinh sach hd ttp nhd d, Khodn 7, Dilu Luat Nhd d ndm 2014 dit d dudi mpi hinh thic tai noi smh sing, quy dinh: "Nhd d xd hgi la nhd d cd sy hd tto hpc tdp hoac cd nhd d thuf c sd httu cia minh cia Nhd nude cho cdc dli tupng dupe hudng nhung difn tich nha d buih qudn diu ngudi chinh sdeh hd ttp vS nhd d theo quy djnh cia ttong hd gia dmh thip hon mic difn tich nhd Luftnay d toi thilu Chmh phi quy dinh theo ting Nhu vfy, cd thi hilu "Nhd d xd hdi Id thdi ky vd ting khu vyc; logi nhd d danh cho nhiing gia dinh ngheo, ed b) Phdi cd ddng ky tiiudng tti tai tinh, thu nhgp trung binh thdp, duge thue hoge phi trye thupc trung uong noi cd nha mua v&i gid uu dai, ngudi mua phdi ddp iing mgt sd diiu kiin dge thit dg chinh quyin thdnh ' Ngo Le Minh (2013), Nhd&xa hdi -Til kinh nghiem Ihvc li a Thitimg Hdi ddn Viet Nam, Tgp chi Kiin Irdc, s6 65 LS Huy Tung Chinh sdeh nhd o xd hfi eho ngudi thu nhgp d xa hfi; teudng hpp khdng cd dang ky nhd nude dl cho thuS, tiiuS mua ttSn dia tiiudng tti till phai ed ddng ky tam tti t i bdn UBND cip tinh lya chpn vd t l mft nam trd ISn tji tinh, thdnh phi ndy, tti chic, cd nhdn phat ttiln nha d xa hpi cho ttudng hpp quy djnh tai khodn DiSu 49 cdc ddi tupng thy hudng chinh sach nha d xa hfi thuS, thuS mua la chi dau tu ddi vdi cia Ludt ndy; cdc dy an phat triSn nhd d minh ddu tu e) Dli vdi dli tupng quy djnh tji cdc Thu tu, vl cdc hinh thic phat ttiln nha khodn 4, 5, vd Dilu 49 cia Ludt ndy thi phdi tiiufc difn khdng phai nop tiiul thu d xa hpi, Dilu 53 Ludt Nha d ndm 2014 nhdp thudng xuySn theo quy dinh cia phdp quy djnh hinh thic phat ttiln nhd d xd luat vl tiiul thu nhap ca nhdn; ttudng hpp hfi: Do Nha nude diu tu tu ngSn sach; cac Id hf nghdo, can nghdo till phdi tiiudc difn t l chic thupc cdc thdnh phin kinh tl diu tu ngheo, cdn ngheo theo quy djnh cia Thi vd hf gia dinh ca nhan diu tu xdy dung; tudng Chinh phi Dli vdi ddi tupng quy Thii nam, vl cac ySu ciu vl phat ttiln nhd djnh t»i cdc khodn 1, 8, vd 10 Dilu 49 d xd hfi, DiSu 54 Luat Nhd d nam 2014 quy cia Ludt thi khdng ySu ciu phdi dap djnh theo hudng vifc phdt triSn nha d xa hpi ing dilu kifn vl thu nhdp theo quy djnh tji phdi theo quy hoach, ke hoach cung nhu bdo dilm ndy dam quan ly chdt chd qua ttmh diu tu Dli vdi ttudng hpp quy djnh t^i xdy dyng vd xdt duyft ddi tupng; ddc bift tly khodn vd khodn Dieu 50 cia Ludt Nha ban nhdn.dan cdp tmh phdi cd trdeh nhiSm d ndm 2014 thi phdi ddp ing diSu kien theo quy hoach khu vyc riSng dl diu tu xdy dung quy djnh tai quylt djnh phi duyft chuang nha d xa hdi dl cho thuS; trinh muc tiSu vl nhd d tuong ing cia co Thir sdu, vS loai nhd va tiSu chuan dien quan nhd nude ed thim quydn tich nhd d xa hpi, Dilu 55 Luat Nha d ndm Ddi vdi trudng hpp quy djnh tai 2014 quy djnh nhd d xa hpi (nhd riSng IS, khodn Dilu 50 cia Ludt Nhd d ndm 2014 ehung cu) phdi bdo dam tiSu chuin, quy thi phdi ddp ijmg dilu kifn glm: chuin xdy dyng.; a) Cd ddt d nhung chua cd nhd d hodc cd nhd d nhimg nhd d bj hu hdng, dft ndt; Thit bdy, ve quy dit dS phdtteiSnnhd d xd hfi, Dieu 56 Ludt Nha d ndm 2014 quy b) Cd ddng ky thudng tti tai dja djnh theo hudng giao ttdch nhifm cho phuang noi cd dit d, nhd d cin phdi xdy chmh quyln dja phuang phS duyet quy ho^ch s i dung ddt phdi danh quy dit dS xay dyng mdi hodc cai tao, sia chtta dyng nha d xd hdi, cong bo cdng khai Thti ba, vl ddi tupng cung cip nhd d xd thdng tin vl khu vyc, vj tti phdt ttiln nha d hfi, Ludt nhd d 2014 quy djnh, dli tupng xd hdi ttSn website co quan qudn ly nhd cip cung cip nhd d xd hpi bao gdm: Chi diu hr tinh du dn phdt ttiln nha d xd hfi thudc sd hilu 66 Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A S6 - 2017 thuS, cho thue mua tai khu dd thi mdi Viet Hung va ddnh khodng 20ha dat tai KCN Bac Thang Long de xdy dung khu nha d eho hon 10.000 edng nhdn d6ng bp vl ting xd hpi, h^ ting ky thu|t Ddc biet, sau Chinh phu yeu cau cde du an nhd d xa hdi phai cd nha xd h^i cho thu6, mot sd chii ddu tu da danh 20% quy dit de eho thud nhu: Du an Ddng Xa (270 can), du an Ddng MdThu chin, vl cac hinh thuc thirc Men Dai Kim (137 can), du an Ecohome (120 chinh saeh hd trp ve nha d xa hpi, DiSu 50 cdn) TP Ha Ndi ciing th\rc hiSn chuyin dli Luat Nha d ndm 2014 qi^ dinh, thupc 12 du an nhd d thuong mai sang lam nha d vao cac do! tuong cu the ma cd cdc hinh xd hdi vdi 8.883 cdn hd Ddng thdi, UBND thtie hd trp tuong ting nhu: hd trp thdng TP Hd Ndi dang trien khai chuan bi ddu tu qua cac chuong trinh, muc tieu ve nha d; 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Quy djnh vl nha d xa hfi Id sau nam ngudi mua nhd mdi dupe ban ciing khdng phi hpp vd cin xem xet l?i, vi theo Luat Ddn su, tai sdn cia ca nhdn thi ca nhan cd quyln s i dung djnh hudng, quy hoach kha thi nhdm giup ngudi ddn cd thu nhdp thip cd co hfi mua nhd gid thdp Theo mft so chuySn gia, cd nhilu nguySn nhdn cia nhttng ban chl nSu ttSn Mft Id, du cd nhilu uu ddi vl chinh sach phdt ttiln nhd d xd hfi nhvmg cdc thi tyc hdnh chinh liSn quan din thilt lap dy an va xay dyng hrong dli phic t?p vd ton nhilu thdi gian cia chi dau tu va ngudi dan vin khd tiSp can chinh sdeh hi tip dl mua nhd ' VTnh Chi (2016), Nhd a xd fidi dang bi true lgi nhu the ndo, http://vietnamfmance.vn/do-thi/nha-o-xa-hoidang-bi-truc-loi-nhu-the-nao20161116163655303.htni 68 Tha nhdt Id gidi phap vi quy hogeh sit difng ddt Tai Hpi nghj true tuyen todn quoc vS nhd d xa hpi, nha d cho cong nhdn, TP Hd Nfi da kiln nghi Chinh phi tilp tuc cho phdp Ha Nfi quy hoach cdc khu dd thj diu tu xdy dyng nha d xd hfi tdp trung Cho phep Thanh thyc hien co chS thu bang tiln dli vdi dien tich dit (20% quy dit d) ddnh dS xdy dyng nhd d xd hpi tai cac du •* Olic Ho^ng (2015), Ldi gidi ndo cho bdi todn nhd d xd hdi, http://www.doanhnhansaigon.vn/van-de/loieiai-nao-cho-bai-toan-nha-o-xa-hoi/I094249/ Manh Tang (2016), Chinh sdeh nhd d xd hpi Ihdl bgi?, http://minhdailoc.vn/chinh-sach-nha-o-xa-hoida-that-bai/ NghiSn ciu An Do vd Chdu A Sl - 2017 an nha d thuong nl^ cd quy md trSn lOha Nlu dl nghi ndy dupe Chinh phi chap thudn Ha Npi sd cd quy dit dl gdn kit vdi noi Idm viec vd dich vu cdng cfng, tao thdnh cac "khu liSn hpp": "khu cdng nghiSp - nhd d cdng nhdn - djch vy cdng cfng", "Tnrong dai hpc - ky hic xd sinh viSn - dich vu cdng edng giip thdo gd khd khan ttong quy hoach s i dung ddt Thii hai Id gidiphdp vi kiin true Dl cd dupe kiln ttie nhd d xd hdi hdi hda vdi kiln tnic tdng thi cia tiidnh phi, UBND TP Hd Ndi cung dd de nghi Bf Xdy dyng nghiSn cira, quy djnh vS mdu thiSt kS nhd d xd hfi ap dung ehung via ddp ing ydu ciu vl Idln true ehung, via giup gidm gid thdnh Cdng trinh hong dy dn nhd d xd hfi chi ylu la ehung cu cho thuS,tiiuSmua va bdn Chung :u tai cdc du dn nha d xa hdi phi biln cao t i 5-15 ting Cdng ttmh t i 15-40 ting chi ylu suit hien tai cac khu trung tdm cdc thdnh Idn Difn tich cdn hp ehung cu khodng 50-70ml DSng tiidi, dl tiiich ung vdi idu nhiet ddi dm gid mia ngdy cdng cue toan d nude ta va nhiet df ngdy cang tdng ;ao, giai phdp tiiudng dupe chi ttpng Id 'kiSn hie md" khdng ed gidi han gitta nfi /d ngoai thit, nhd thudng cd hdnh lang bSn, » gieng ttdi, S ttdng, sdn ttong dl dS ddng hdng gid, luu chuySn khong va liy dnh ldng tu nhiSn,ttdngcay Thii ba Id gidi phdp phdt triin giao hdng vd ca sd hg ting ddng bg Cdc ihuong trinh nhd d xd hpi va nhd d ngudi hu nhdp thdp can quy hoach ding bf vdi :ac hf thong giao thdng, co sd thucmg mai, :dng nghiep va tat ed cac cdng ttinh co sd ting khac ttong khu vyc Ding tiidi, cin tiiuc hifn dilu tilt chSnh Ifch dja to do^Nha nude dau ht ky fliudt ting ma cd dl can bdng gitta phdt ttiln nha d ndi chung^ vd nhd d xd hpi ndi riSng vdi phdt ttien tang dd tiij Nhu vay, vifc phdt ttiln nhd d xa hpi se ddng gdp vdo sy phdt ttiSn nhanh chdng ciu ttie xa hfi vd khdng gian, tao ting xuong sdng cho su tiijnh vugng kinh tl vd in djnh chinh tti Thi tu, edn dua chi tieu phat triin nha a xa hgi vao ki hoach phdt trien kinh ti - xa hgi timg thai ky cua pho; 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