NGHIEN ClTU CAC NHAN TO TAC DQNG DEN MlfC DO HAI LONG CUA GIANG VIEN TRONG TRlTOWG DAI HOC Biii Thi NgQC Khoa Ke todn, Dgi hgc Lao ddng Xd hgi Email: buithingoc.ldxh^mailcom Ld Thj Tii Oanh Khoa Ki todn, Dgi hgc Lao ddngXd hgi Email: oanhletu@gmail.com Ngaynhan: 22/4/2016 Ngay nhSn ban siia: 31/8/2016 Ngay duyet dang: 25/4/2017 Tom tat: Hi^n nay, chdt lugng gido due dgi hgc ndi chung chua ddp img vol su phdt trien cua xa hdi Mdt nhimg nguyen nhdn ddn den tinh trgng ndy bat ngudn tic viec gidng vien chua hdi Idng so vdi ky vgng cua hg Bdi viet ndy nghiin ciru cdc nhdn td tdc ddng den muc hdi long cua gidng vien truang dai hgc, tren ca sa dd de xudt cdc gidi phdp nhdm thu hut cdc gidng vien gidi Dit lieu khdo sdt duac thu thdp tic 313 gidng viin cua cdc trudng dgi hgc tgi Hd Ngi Kit qud nghiin cuu cho thdy cdc nhdn td tdc dgng den mice hdi Idng cua gidng vien gdm cdc quy dinh liin quan din gidng day vd nghien cicu khoa hgc, thu nhgp vd chinh sdeh phuc lgi: ca sd vgt chdt cua tnrong dgi hgc, do, cdc quy dinh ve gidng day vd nghien cim khoa hgc cd dnh hudng lan nhdt Ddy Id ca sd cho cdc gidi phdp di xudt nhdm gia tdng mice hdi Idng cua gidng vien cdng viec Til' khda: Miic hai long; gidng vien Study on factors affecting the level of lecturers' satisfaction in universities Abstract: Currently, the quality of university education in general has not met with the development of society One of the main reasons stems from the fact that lecturers are not satisfied with their expectations This paper studies factors affecting the satisfaction level of lecturers in universities and proposes the solutions to attract good lecturers on that basis The survey data was collected from 313 lecturers of universities in Hanoi The study results show that the factors affecting the satisfaction level of lecturers are the regulations on teaching and scientific research, income and welfare policies: facilities of universities, of which, the regulations on teaching and scientific lesearch have the strongest impact Based on this, some solutions to increasing satisfaction of lecturers at work are proposed Keywords: Satisfaction level: lecturers Lam the nao de giang vien cdm thay hai long vdi cdng viec va gan bd Idu dai vdi nai minh dang cdng tac hay van dg giii chan giang \ len ludn la bdi todn khd cua ngudi quan ly cac trudng dai hgc Danh gia mirc dp hai Idng cua giang vien la mdt nhimg van de cd tinh thdi sy lien quan ddn Sd 239 thdng 5/2017 viec cai tien chat lugng gidng day va uy tin cua mdi trudng hgc Trong thdi gian qua, nhieu tdc gia vd ngodi nude da nghien cuu mirc hdi long ciia giang vien ddi vdi chat lugng giao due dai hgc, ehuang trinh ddo tao hay he thdng E-leaming Tren tiid gidi, nhidu cdng trinh tap imng vdo muc dd hdi Idng ciia gidng MMUwn lao dgng Theo dng, dd Id miic ydu thich cdng viec hay cd gdng tri lam vide ciia dgi ngu nhdn vien Nghien ciru cua Smith (2007) chi rdng cdng vide giu vai trd trung tam cugc sdng ciia nhieu ngudi Vi vdy, theo Smith, miic dg hdi Idng vdi cdng vide ciia mdt ngudi Id thdnh phdn quan trgng tdng the hanh phiic cua ngudi lao dgng Lee (2007) dinh nghia miic hai long cdng viec la trang thai ma ngudi lao dgng cam nhan, thda man thyc hien cdng viec cd myc tieu va dinh hudng hieu qua ro rang Ong ciing cho rang miic hdi Idng cdng viec dugc tac dgng bdi ba nhdn td ket hgp, la gia tri ky vgng tir cdng vice, phuang tien lam viec va sy dai ngd tir qud lao ddng td chiic Miic hdi Idng cdng viec cdn Id sy phan anh Cac cdng trinh nghien ciiu cua the gidi va Viet vd thdi dp ddi vdi cdng vide yeu thich, the hien qua Nam nhieu nhung mdi cdng trinh chi nghien ciiu eac yeu td: tien luong, co hdi thang tidn, giam sat ve mdt khia canh rat sau ve miic hdi long nhu cap tren, mdi quan he vdi ddng nghiep, hdi Idng hai Idng ve quy dinh, quy trinh qudn ly; ve co sd vat vdi cdng vipe ban than (Patricia & James, 1969) va chat hay ve che dai ngd cho giang vien Chiing tdi dugc danh gia thdng qua cdc chi sd md td cdng vi?c thuc hien nghien ciiu vdi mong mudn danh gid (Dahlgard, 2009) tren nhieu phuang dien nham xdc dinh cdc nhan td Quan diem 2- Hdi Idng Id su thda mdn ddi vdi cdc tdc ddng tdi miic hai Idng ciia giang vien va de yiu td khdc ngodi cdng viec cac giai phap tri vd thiic day sy gdn bd cua giang Smith (2007) cho rang mire dg hai long ciia ngudi vien ddi vdi trudng, tdm huyet vdi nghe, gdp phan lao ddng dat dugc hg cam thdy thda mdn vdi co nang cao chat lugng gido due dai hpc Viet Nam Cdc hdi ddo tao thdng tien, bang Idng vdi sy giam sat ciia phuang dien nghien ciiu gdm: cac quy dinh ve giang cap tren vd hai hda mdi quan he vdi ddng nghiep day va nghien cim khoa hgc; thu nhdp va chinh sdeh Miic hai long cua ngudi lao ddng bi anh hudng phuc lgi; co sd vat chdt; trien vpng vd co hdi phdt bdi hai nhdm yeu td, Id yeu td ben vd ben trien ciia giang vien ngoai, thdng qua cac tieu chi chung nhu dieu kien lam viec va phuang phap lam viec theo nhdm (Gay Tdng quan co sd ly thuyet Trong gido due dai hpc, ngudi lao ddng chu yeu la & cdng sy, 1971; Rounds & cdng su, 1987) Theo cac gidng vien vdi nhiem vu hudng ddn va tmyen dat nghieu cim cLia Williams & Reavis (2009), miic kien thiic cho ngucri hgc Giang vien ludn dugc xem la hdi long cua gidng vien Id ddng lyc thuc ddy gidng yeu td quyet dinh den chat lirong giao due Sy hai long vien tdm viec, gan bo vdi cdng viec giang day va ciia giang vien la mpt dpng lyc giiip hp gan bd vd cdng nghien cim Hp khang dinh muc dp hdi long ciia hien nhd trudng, dem lai sy cdng cho mdt gidng vien dugc the hien thda man cac dieu kien ve: (I) lien luong, (2) ca hdi thang tien, (3) ngudi tmdng dai hgc quan ly, (4) phan thudng vat chat va phi vat chat, (5) 2.1 Khdi niem hdi long cac quy dinh vd dieu kien Idm viec, (6) ddng nghiep, Cd rat nhieu quan diem khde ve sy hai Idng (7) tinh chat cdng viec va (8) thdng tin td chirc ciia ngudi lao ddng, cd the chia nhdm quan DeShields & cgng sy (2005) thyc hien ludng diem sau: muc hai Idng ciia gidng vidn klioa kinh tc ddi vdi Quan diim 1: Hdi Idng Id bdng long vdi cdng viec nha trudng Ket qua cho thay cd rat nhieu yeu td tac Tir nam 1935, Hoppoek da dua khai mem ve dgng den mirc dp hdi long ciia hp nhu each thiic td miic dd hat Idng gdm cac yeu td ve tam ly, sinh ly chirc cac hoat dgng gidng day, co hgi nghe nghiep, hoac mdi Uircnig ciing cd the lam cho ngudi cd tien luang vd nhdn su, co sd vat chat Ket qua phan cam giac bang long, thich thii vdi cdng viec Ddy id tich hdi quy dd chimg minh yeu td each thuc td chiic khai niem ddu tien ve hdi Idng va duoc trich ddn nhiSu cac hoat dpng giang day it hoac khdng cd anh hudng nhdt uong cac nghien cuu sau Herzberg (1959) vdi muc dd hai long cua giiing vien Co hdi nghe eung da nghien ciiu ve miic dp hdi long cua ngudi nghiep vd ca so \ at chat la nhiriig yeu td cd tinh chdl vien vd da chi nhan td tdc dgng ddn van de nhu CO sd vat chdt, ca hgi phat tridn nghe nghigp, thu nhap , didn hmh nhu cac tdc gia DeShields & cgng sy (2005); Atay & Yilduim (2009); Griffin (2010) Met Nam, mdt sd tac gid cung da nghien curu ve mtic hai Idng cua giang vien nhu tdc gia Nguydn Kim Dung (2010), tac gid Nguydn Thiiy Quynh Loan & Nguyin Thi Thanh Thodn (2005) dSu nghidn ciiu ve miic hai Idng cua gidng vien ddi vdi chat lugng dao tao, cdc dich vy hd trg sinh vien hay chinh sach ddi vdi gidng vien Ket qua cho thay hdu het gidng vien deu chua hai long ddi vdi cac dieh vy Uen Cd nhiSu nguyen nhan dan den su tac dgng dd, nhan td quyet dinh nhdt la thu nhap Sd 239 thdng 5/2017 K ' kinlili'.J'liallnfii quyet dinh anh hudng den miic hdi Idng Tir cac quan diem khac ve hai long cd the nit bdn chat cua hdi Idng nhu sau: Hai Idng la trang thai cam giac thda man ciia mot ngudi bat ngudn tii vide so sdnh kdt qud thu dugc tii viec su dyng sdn phdm, dich vu vdi nhung ky vgng cua chinh hg Miic dp hdi Idng phu thugc su khac bidt giiia ket qud nhdn dugc va su ky vgng Neu kdt qud thuc te thdp hon sy ky vgng thi ngudi sii dung khdng hai Idng, ngugc lai, hg se rdt hdi long Hdi Idng la pham trii khdng bdn vung vd ciing khd lugng hda Trong cimg mgt di§u kien 1dm vi6c, miic hdi long cila m6i cd nhan se khac Trong mdi ca nhan, miic hdi long phu thudc vdo timg thdi diem vd hi anh hudng bdi nhieu nhan td chu quan hoac khdch quan Thdng thudng, ngudi lao ddng hdi long vdi mong mudn ciia minh, hp se Idm viec va cdng hidn het minh Nhiing cugc dau tranh, nhiing y kidn trdi chieu, tham chi sy im lang ddi Id bidn hien su khdng hai Idng cita ngudi lao ddng 2.2 Tgi can phdi ddnh gid su hdi long cua gidng vien? Trong bdi cdnh cgnh Uanh, de ndng cao chat lugng dpi ngu gidng vien va thu hut giang vien ed nang lyc, tam huydt vdi nghe nghiep, cac trudng dai hgc cdn tgo su thda man cho giang vien cao hon cdc tmdng dai hgc khac Khi gidng vien hai Idng, hp se gan bd vdi tmdng, tam huyet vdi cdng vide gidng day va khdng ngimg trau ddi tri thiic dk dap iing yen cau mdi Su hdi Idng cdng vipe cua gidng vien Id mdt Uong nhiing ddng lyc lam vide quan trgng va la CO sd de danh gia chdt lugng ngudn luc ciia mdt trudng dai hpc Do dd, hieu bi6t vd danh gia diing mirc dp hai Idng cua giang vien tai nai lam viec la rdt quan trpng 2.3 Cdc yiu td dnh hudng din su hdi long Vdi quan diem muc dp hdi Idng cua giang vien dnh hudng dgn sy phat trien cua tmdng, tac gia Atay & Yildirim (2009) da thyc hien nghien ciiu vd muc dp hdi Idng ctia giang vien ngdnh du lich Nghien ciru thyc hien Uen 150 giang vien ciia tmdng Canakale Onsekiz Mart Kgt qua cho thdy cd nhigu nhan td anh hudng den miic dp hai long, tiong nhan td cd anh hudng Idn nhat la thii lao ciia giang vien Sharma & Jyoti (2009) nghien ciiu su thda man ddi vdi cdng viec cua gidng vien tiong tmdng dai hpc Kdt qua nghien cuu chi rdng cdc thu tijc qudn ly va van hdnh giang day la nhan td quan trgng anh hudng ddn mirc hai Idng, tiep den la su dai ngd vd vat chdt va phi vat chdt cua nha trudng Sd 239 thdng 5/201- Mdt nghien cuu khdc cua tdc gid Griffin (2010) vd miic hdi Idng cua ngudi d^y hgc ddi vdi dich vu Website ciia trudng Nghien ciiu nhdm d\ia md hhih vl sy dnh hudng cua he thdng thdng tin tmydn thdng dSn miic dg hai Idng ciia giang vien Kdt qud khao sdt 459 giang vidn cho thdy hg chi tin tudng vdo dich vy Website he thdng chay tdt va ciing la nhan td chinh anh hudng den mdc hai Idng Butt & Rehman (2010) tiding cdng trmh "Nghien curu kidm tra miic dg hai long gido dye d?i hgc" dugc thyc hidn tai Pakistan da tap tiimg vao cac ydu td nhu cdc quy dinh giang day, tidn luong, mdi trudng lam vifc, mdi quan he giira lanh dao vdi nhan vien vd ca sd vat chdt cua trudng Phan hdi ciia 105 gidng vidn chi rdng thu nhap va co sd vat chdt Id nhdn td chu dao quyet dinh den miic dg hai Idng cua gidng vidn Tessama (2012) nghien cim phan iing cda gidng vien ve chuong trinh ddo tao cua trudng Sd lidu thu thap cua nam vdi man khao sat Id 541 gidng vien da tim dugc nhdn td anh hudng ddn miic hdi long gdm: ke hoach gidng day; phuong thiic td chiic; tu van hgc thudt vd quan trgng nhat la ca hgi phdt trien ciia gidng vien Moi cdng trinh tap trung nghien cuu mgt hay mdt vai ydu td dnh hudng den hdi long nhu tinh chdt cdng vide, thii lao ciia gidng vien, cac thu tuc quy trinh quan ly, mdi trudng 1dm vide, co sd vat chat, chuong trinh dao tao, mdi quan he vd nhung ca hdi thdng tien ciia hp Tuy nhien, chung tdi nhan thdy cdc nghien ciiu chii ydu tap trung vao cdc yeu td ben trong, yeu td hiiu hinh md chua tap tnmg nghien cim nhiing yeu td ben ngodi (xdp hang cua nha trudng, uy tin, hinh anh ciia nhd trudng, ddrdi gia ciia doanh nghiep ve chuong trinh dao tao vd chat lugng sinh vien ) va cdc yen td vd hinh (cdc co hgi thang tien hay sy ghi nhan ve cac danh hieu thdnh tich ciia giang vien) Bdi vay, nhdm tdc gid thyc hien nghien cim ve miic hai Idng ciia gidng vien tren cac phuang dien tii ben Uong den ben ngodi, tir yeu td hiiu hinh den vd hinh va chiing tdi phdn loai vd tdng hgp nhan td sau day: - Cdc quy dnih ve giang day vd nghien ciiu khoa hgc; - Thu nhdp vd chinh sach phiic Igi; - Co sd vat chdt ciia trudng dai hoc; - Trien vgng va ca hdi phdt trien ciia giang vien kiflliliU'liiidriini Hinh 1: M6 hinh nghifin cihi dl xu^t H1+ Quy djnh vi giang miic hai long ciia giang \ len phi thudc vao Jc bien \ a phmmg trinh hdi quy duQL \iL't nhu sdu So 239 thdng 5/201/ HAILONG = 0.329 + 0.459*GDNC + 0.24! *TNPL + 0,299*CSVC-h€ Phuang trinh hdi quy cho thay cac nhdn td tren deu cd tdc dgng thuan chieu vdi mice hai Idng Nhu vdy, cdc quy dinh vl giang day va nghien ciiu khoa hpc cd anli hudng Idn nhdt den miic dp hdi long cua gidng vien (0,459), tilp den Id cac nhdn td thudc \e thu nhdp va phiic lgi (0,241) vd cudi ciing la vdn de vc ca sd vat chdt cua nha trudng (0,229) Ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho thdy cac gia thuyet HI ,H2, H3 dugc chdp nhan Ket tuan va khuyen nghi ^ Theo kit qua phan tich hdi quy tren cdc nhan td gdm cdc quy dinh vl giang day vd nghien ciiu khoa hpc, thu nhdp vd chinh sach phiic lgi va ca sd vat chat cd y nghia thdng ke, ed mdi tuang quan thuan vdi muc dp hai long cua gidng vien Trong do, nhan td cdc quy dinh vl giang day va nghien cim klioa hoc kJlllllllv 'i'ii' -Tn cd dnh hudng Idn nhdt, dnh hudng nhd nhdt la nhdn td eo sd vdt chdt Md hinh nghien ciiu gidi fliich dugc 50,2% sy thay ddi ciia miic hdi long Nhu vdy, dk cd thi giii chdn giaiig vien gidi, tang sy nhiet tinh gidng d^y vd cong hiln, khdng ngung hgc tap nang c^ tiinh dd cua gidng vien, cac nhd qudn ly cua cac trudng d?i hgc cdn tdp trung day m^nh, cdi thi^n cac yen td thudc ba nhdn td tren Cu thd: Thit nhat: Ki$n todn, thiet leip quy dfnh ve gidng dgy vd nghien cuu khoa hgc Cac tmdng can sodt, hoan thien quy dinh ve gidng day nhdm ddm bdo cd ke hoach vd linh hoat cho gidng vien thyc hien nhiem vy Ke ho^ch gidng day dugc giii tmdc mdi ky dd lay y kien cua cdc dan vi giang day, tranh bi chdng cheo lich vd phii hgp vdi nhan sy cua don vi Ngodi ra, viec thyc hidn kl hoach ciing cdn cd sy linh boat, tao dilu kien cho gidng vien nhiing trudng hgp bdt kha khang dugc dieu chuyen Ijch hgc Tao dieu kien, khuyen khich gidng vien nghien ciiu khoa hpc De hoat dgng nghien ciiu khoa hgc cua giang vien dugc sdi ndi, cdc tmdng can tdng cudng co sd vat chat va kinh phi cho hoat ddng nghien cim Ddng thdi, cdn coi nghien ciiu khoa hpc Id mdt tieu chudn ve chuyen mdn tiong xep loai thi dua eua giang vien Ngodi ra, nha trudng td chuc tap huan, bdi dudng cho can bd, gidng vien phuang phdp vd kinh nghiem nghien cim khoa hpc, kinh nghiem viet bai bdo qudc te, sach, gido tiinh ; ket ndi, hgp tdc vdi edc tap chi qudc te, xay dung mgt tap chi khoa hgc rieng cho tung tmdng de hd trg cdc gidng vien ddng bdi bao khoa hpc Khuyen khich khoa, tmdng td chiic hdi thao khoa hpc giiip cho cac gidng vien cd ca hgi gap go cdc chuyen gia, bdy td quan diem khoa hgc cua minh, tir nang cao trinh dp cua cac gidng vien Hang nam, can cii theo ket qua boat ddng thuc te, tmdng dai hgc can co hoat ddng sa ket tdng ket de danh gid hieu qua ciia timg de an, de tai nghien cuu de cd sy ghi nhan, bieu duang kip thdi Thu hai: Cdi thien thu nhgp vd chinh sdeh phuc lgi Hoan thien ca che tra luong va he thdng ddnh gid thi dua khen thudng cua cac trudng Thu nhdp thda dang se giiip gidng vien chuyen tam cong hien cho hoat ddng giang day va nghien ciru klioa hpc cua trudng He thdng danh gia thi dua cdng bdng, tieu chi minh bach tao dgng luc cho mdi giang vien cd gdng phdn ddu hoan tdt nliiera vu Sd 239 thdng 5/2017 Dan gian hda thu t^c todn cua cac khoan tien luong, thudng, vugt gid, tien thu lao cua cac cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hgc va cdc khoan phuc lgi khdc Tinh dung, tinh dii cdc khoan khdu tni thue thu nhap ca nhdn cda can bg giang vien, hoan trd tien thud sau ket thiic nien dg Tao dgng lyc lam vipc cho can bd gidng vidn thdng qua cac khodn phiic Igi, da dang hda loai hinh van the de dap irng tot han nhu can cua can bg, gidng vidn Thit ba: Tang cu&ng ddu tu cff sd vgt chdt Td chiic khai thac, qudn ly vd sii dyng ca sd v§t chat, trang thiet bi trudng dai hgc hieu qud thdng qua cdc Ban qudn ly tai san Ccs sa vat chat, trang thiet hi la mgt nhiing yeu td quan trgng dnh hudng true tiep den chat lugng dao tao Hien nay, cdc trudng dai hgc cdng lap da dugc xdy dyng tii Idu nen da cii, Uang thiet bi phdng hpc lac hau, khdng theo kip sy phat trien ciia xa hgi Cac phdng hpc, phdng thuc hdnh, thu vien khdng cdn phii hgp vdi thdi dai tien bg cua khoa hgc edng nghp va sd lugng sinh vien ngdy mdt tang Phdng lam viec cua can bg gidng vien Uong trudng ciing chat chgi ve khdng gian, may mdc thiet bi lac hdu Cac trudng dai hgc can lap ke hoach dau tu co sd vat chat cho timg nam hgc dya tren ngudn kinh phi vd nhu cau bd sung Uang thiet bi ciia cdc bd phan Cac phdng thuc hanh cho sinh vien nhu phdng may tinh, phdng da nang cdn dugc xdy dyng mdi Thu vien, trung tdm mang cdn dugc lap mdi va dua vdo su dung Bai dd xe can dugc nang cap dam bao thudn tien cho gidng vien vao Cdn chii y den xay dyng va sira chua cdc cdng trinh phu trg nhu nha dn, sdn chat, phdng tap nham ndng cao dieu kien sinh hoat cho cdn bd giang vien Khai thdc them cac ngudn kinh phi tir du an nude ngodi, chuong trinh hd trg ciia thdnh phd vd Chinh phii Nghien ciiu khao sat 313 mdu ciia trudng dai hpc tai Ha Ndi, vi vdy, tinh dai dien cita mau va anh hudng ciia ket qua nghien ciiu cd the chua cao Ket qua nghien ciru budc ddu da chi dugc nhan to anh hudng den mite hai Idng ciia gidng vien ddi vdi trudng dai hgc Tuy nhien, dc khac phuc cdc han che nay, nhiing nghien ciiu tiep theo cd the chpn mau kich thudc Idn ban Pham vi nghien ciiu cd the cu the hon cho timg ITnh vuc nhu ddnh gid miic dp hdi long ciia giang vien ve cdc quy dinh ddo tao, he thdng kiem sodt ctia tmdng, phan phdi thu nhap cua tmdng iWtMim T ^ lieu tham khao AUen & Rao (2000), Analysis of Customer Satisfaction Data, ASQ Quality Press, Milwaukee Babar Zaheer Butt & Kashifiir Rehman (2010), A study examining the lectiires and student's satisfaction in higher education Foundation University and Iqra University Pakistan Best, E E (2006), Job satisfaction of teachers in Krishna primary and secondary schools The University of Norm Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States - North Carolma Dahlgard, J I (2009), Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer, McGraw-Hill, New York Denlinger J K, S L (2002), 'Teaching as a profession: A look at the problem of teacher deficits' The Clearing House, 75(3), 116-116 DeShields, Juhl, H J, (2005), Antvor, H, Teacher Satisfaction Evaluation: Method for Measuring and Implementing, Springer, 0884(8289) Gay E G, David J Weiss, Darwin D Hendell, 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D ( 0 | 'The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work' International Journal ,,• newslup Ediiciiiioii ?{1) 7r>-87 So 239 thang 5/201- 108 kinhll'.J'il 'repre- i'll'll ... Hdi Idng la pham trii khdng bdn vung vd ciing khd lugng hda Trong cimg mgt di§u kien 1dm vi6c, miic hdi long cila m6i cd nhan se khac Trong mdi ca nhan, miic hdi long phu thudc vdo timg thdi diem... chi chung nhu dieu kien lam viec va phuang phap lam viec theo nhdm (Gay Tdng quan co sd ly thuyet Trong gido due dai hpc, ngudi lao ddng chu yeu la & cdng sy, 1971; Rounds & cdng su, 1987) Theo... hien su khdng hai Idng cita ngudi lao ddng 2.2 Tgi can phdi ddnh gid su hdi long cua gidng vien? Trong bdi cdnh cgnh Uanh, de ndng cao chat lugng dpi ngu gidng vien va thu hut giang vien ed nang