A M HlTClNG CUA VIEC BOI DlTOfNG NGHIEP VU DEN SU" THAY DOI NANG LlTC L A M VIEC: NGHIEN ClfU TRtfCKNG HOP TAI HOI LIEN HIEP PHU N C VIET NAM Tr^n Quang Tiln Hgc vien Phu nii Viet Nam Email: tranquangtien@vwa.edu.-vn Ngay nhan: 24/01/2017 Ngay nhan ban sua: 2/3/2017 Ngay duyet dang: 25/4/2017 Tom tat: Vgn dung ly thuyit ddnh gid ehuang trinh dao tgo cua Kirkpatrick, vd phuang phdp nghien ciru dinh lugng, nghiin cuu ndy luang muc dg dnh huang cua cdc khda bdi duang nghiep vu den sg thay ddi kit qud vd ndng luc lam viec cita ddi ngu cdn bd Hdi Lien hiep Phg nii Viet Nam Su dgng sd lieu khdo sdt han 200 cdn bg lam viec tai cdp xd, cdp huyin vd cdp tinh dang tham gia khda hgc, ket hap vdi thdng tin kiem tra cheo tit cdc cdn bd qudn ly true tiip, bdi viit sir dung phuang phdp hdi quy tuyen tinh chudn hda phdt hien cd ba nhdm yeu td ca bdn Caquan (moi truang lam vi^c): cd nhdn vd gia dinh: vd sg tham gia vdo cdc khda bdi duang nghi$p vg deu tdc ddng tich cgc, cd y nghia thdng ki den su thay ddi kit qud nang luc Idm viec cua cdng chiic Trong dd dnh hudng cua cdc khda bdi duang nghiip vu Id rdt ro rdng, vol muc lan han dnh hudng ciia cdc nhdm yiu td khdc Til' khda: Su thay ddi ket qua vd nang lyc lam viec; bdi dudng nghiep vu; ddo tao Effect of professional refresh trainings on the changes of working performance: Case study of Vietnam Women's Union Abstract: Applying Kirkpatrick s four-level evaluation model, and quantitative method, this research aims to measure the effect ofprofessional refresh trainings on the changes of working performance and the ability of Vietnam Women's Union staff This study used the survey data of over 200 staff working in commune, district and province levels and taking part in training courses, in combination with cross check data obtained through interviewing their supervisors Normalized OLS method was employed The results show that thefundamental factor groups, including office, family and individual group, references and knowledge gained from the professional trainings have positive ejfects on the changes in the working capacity of bureaucrats Among them, the effect of refresh professional trainings on fob performance and ability changes is stronger and more significant than other factor groups Keywords Changes in working performance, professional refresh training: training Gioi thieu trinh dao tao, bdi dudng chung cua nhd nude Trong vdng 10 nam trd lai day, Thii tudng Chinh phii da hai Idn phd duyet dl dn ddo tao bdi dudng cho rieng can bd Hoi tren pham vi loan qudc; tao ca hdi hgc tap, nang cao nang lyc chuyen mdn nghiep vu, lanh Hdi Lien hiep Phu nu (LHPN) Viet Nam dugc Hien phdp quy dmh la mdt td chirc chinh tri-xa hdi cd H thdng to chirc d cdp vdi gdn van cong chirc la doi tugng thy huang hau hit cac ehuang Sd 239 thdng 5/2017 84 Kjdd [,,y)|,a( l,,.j,,n dao qudn ly cho hdng van cdn bd nii Chinh nhung hojit ddng dao tao, bdi dudng tir cdc de an da gdp phan khdng nhd vdo kit qud xay dung dgi ngii can bg nu he thdng chinh tri d cdc cap Trong quy trinh td chiic ddo t^o, bdi dudng thi ho^t dgng nghidn ciiu, ddnh gid nhu cdu, ket qud dao t^o la rat quan trgng, la mot khau khdng the thilu dl gdp phin khdng dinh ket qua, hieu qua dat dugc va kip thdi cd nhiing dieu chinh, ndng eao chit lugng hoat ddng Tuy nhien, 10 ndm trien khai dl dn ddo tao, bdi dudng can bg Hgi, cdc co sd tham gia bdi duang chu ylu td chiic danh gid phan img cua hgc vien ma chua thyc hien danh gid vl mirc anh hudng cua vide bdi dudng den sy thay ddi kit qud lam viec ciing nhu nang lyc 1dm viec cua can bd Chinh vi vay, nghien ciiu ndy su dung phuang phdp nghien cuu dinh lugng de xac dinh mirc dp dnh hudng cua cdc chyang trinh bdi duang nghiep vy den su thay ddi ket qua va nang lyc lam viec cua cdn bg Hdi Lien hi?p Phy nil Viet Nam Cff Sff ly thuyet va phuong phap nghien cihi 2.1 Ly thuyet ddnh gid ehuang trinh ddo tgo Md hinh ddnh gid theo bdn cap eiia Kirkpatrick la mdt md hinh dugc sti dung phd bien khdng chi danh gid cdc ehuang trinh dao tao md eon duge sii dung rdng rai cdng tdc quan ly nhdn su Md hinh dugc Kirkpatrick (1998) gidi thieu lan ddu tien vao nam 1959 Theo tac gid, qud trinh danh gia dugc thyc hien theo cap dp lan lugt, bao gdm: phdn ling ciia ngudi hgc, hge tap, hanh vi, va ket qua Cap I (Phan ling) ludng sy hai long hay thda mdn ciia hpc vien ve khda ddo tao, bdi duang Theo Kirkpatrick, mgi chucmg trinh dao tao nen dugc danh gia d cap de cung cap thdng tin cho viec eai thien ehuang trinh dao tao Phdn ung ciia hgc vien ve khda hgc se anh hudng den khd nang hpc tap Cd the phan ung tich cue khdng dam bao hpc tap tdt nhung phan ung deu cue chac chdn se giam khd nang hpc tap Viec danh gia miic dp hai Idng cua hgc vien cd the dugc thuc hien bang nhieu each thiic linh hoat, nhanh va de ddng dang vidt hoac bdng Idi noi ciia hgc vien Thuc hien ddnh gid cap cd the dan gidn vdi nhiing kidn thie, ky nang dd lugng hda nhung se khd ddi vdi cac nhdm kien thiic, ky nang phiic tap Cdp dd (Hdnh vi): xem xet miic dp dung nhiing kiln thiic, ky nang da dugc hgc vdo cdng viec thuc te Cap dugc ddnh gid la phdn dnh chdn thuc nhdt hieu qua cua mdt chuong trinh ddo tao Tuy nhien, ludng cdp d^ ndy khd vi thudng khdng dodn dugc ndo sy thay ddi hdnh vi se xuat hien va dd ddi hdi cac quyet dinh lien quan den cdng tac danh gia Phuang phap danh gia bao gdm: quan sdt hdnh vi lam vide, ket qua thyc hien cdng vide sau khda hgc, hoac phdng vdn cd nhdn vdi cdc thdng tin kiem tra cheo Do ludng sy thay ddi hdnh vi cua ngudi hgc cdn ddi hdi su hgp tdc va ky nang cua ngudi qudn ly Cdp (Kit qud): ludng sy thay ddi ve ket qua cua td chirc nhiing nhdn vien dugc dao tao, bdi dudng mang lai Cap phdn tich, cung cdp cdc ket qua cudi ciing ciia khda ddo tao, bdi dudng Thdng tin phdn dnh cdp dp khdng khd thu thap; ed the da cd san cac bao cao ciia td chitc: ket qua sdn xudt tang them, sd lugng hdng bdn nhieu ban, thay ddi nang sudt; ket qua ciia td chiic cung cd the bao gdm cdc quyet djnh tdi uu dugc dua ra, tinh than nhdn vien tdt han, khach hang hai long han Md hinh cap dp ciia Kirkpatrick dugc thua nhan la mgt phuang phdp khoa hpc va dugc nhieu ngudi sir dyng, nhung nd ciing bgc Id mdt sd diem ban che Viec dp dyng cap dd va doi hdi mat nhieu thdi gian vd chi phi nen khd kha thi ddi vdi tat cd cac td chiic va doanh nghiep Md hinh cap dp khdng xem xet nhung anh hudng ca nhan hoac dnh hudng ciia bdi canh tiong danh gia ehuang trinh dao tao Tiiy myc dich ddnh gid va dieu kien cho phep, cac ca sd dao tao vd td chiic cd the ap dyng ca cap hoac chi chpn mdt vai cap dp Trong pham vi nghien ciru, sy han che ve thdng tin nen nghien ciiu ndy dya tren danh gia cua cap quan ly true tiep td chirc va qua chinh cam nhan ciia hpc vien cac khda bdi dudng nghiep vy de thu thap cac thdng lin vl su hai Idng ddi vdi khda hoc (cap 1) vd nhimg thay ddi da xay ve ket qua lam viec va nang lyc chuyen mdn ke tu di hpc ve (cap va 3) Cap dp (Hpc tap): ludng sy thay ddi ve thai dp, kien thirc, ky nang cua hpc vien sau dugc dao tao, bdi dudng Cdng tdc ludng se giiip 2.2 Tdng quan vdn de nghien cdu ca sd ddo tao cd su dieu chinh ndi dung, phucmg phap dao tao tuang lai Thuc hien cap dp Nghien cim ve anh hudng ciia viec bdi dudng khd va cin nhieu cdng sire han cap dp phai den nang luc ngudi hpc, den hieu qua cua td chiic ludng trudc va sau dao tao bang cdc danh gia la chii de nghien cira kha phd bien (vi du: Fakhra S6 239 thdng 5/2017 MMM\m & cgng su, 2014; Kanyaprin & isara, 2015; Seema S., 2016) Cdc nghien cuu da phan tich, danh gid nhilu ehuang trinh bdi dudng khac nhung mdi nghien ciiu thudng tap tinng vdo mgt chuong tiinh bdi dudng chuyen mdn cy till (Kanyaprin & Isara, 2015) Cdc tac gia su dung mgt hoac ca hai phuong phap nghien cdu chmh: Phdn tich theo chiiu dgc thdi gian (tiirdc khda bdi duang bit ddu, Idn tiiu vao liic khda bdi dudng kit thuc, lin thii each lin thii mdt khodngflidigian nhdt dinh) vd so sdnh giiia nhdm dugc bdi dudng vd mdt nhdm ddi chimg (khdng dugc bdi dudng) Hdu hit cdc nghien ciiu su dyng cdng eg ddnh gid su thay ddi ndng luc cua hgc vidn bdng bdng hdi bao gdm cdc thang phan anh nhiing nang lye ma khda bdi duong da cung cap (Jeanne & cgng sy, 2001; Fakhra & cpng sy, 2014; Kanyaprin & Isara, 2015; Seema, 2016) Ben canh cac tiiang vl chuong trinh bdi dudng, mdt sd nghien ciiu cGng da chi nang lyc ciia ngudi hpc bi tac ddng bdi cdc dac dilm ca nhdn vd mdi tiirdng lam viec (Tracey & cdng sy, 1997) Phdn Idn cac nghien ciiu kit luan khda bdi dudng cd dnh hudng tich eye den nang lyc cua ngudi hgc (Seema, 2016) Herbert & cpng sy (1973) da quan sat dugc su thay ddi tich eye thai dp va hanh vi ciia cac giam ddc sau ket thuc khda hgc 18 thdng Nghien cuu ciia Fakhra & cdng sy (2014) khang djnh ehuang Uinh ddo t^o chinh la yeu td mang lai nhung thay ddi tich eye tiong nang lyc nghe nghidp ciia cac giao vidn hg so sdnh nhiing giao vien dugc tham gia ddo tao vdi nhdm khdng tham gia ddo tao Ngugc lai, mdt sd nghien ciiu chi khdng phdi tit cd cdc nang lyc ma chi cd mgt vdi nang lyc dugc ddo tao cd sy cdi thi6n (Jeanne & cgng sy, 2001; Kanyaprin & Isara, 2015) Cdc nghidn ciiu nude chii ylu ban lu^n vl phuang phdp, quy trinh danh gia chuong hinh dao tao dl cap bang (vi du: Pham Van Hung & Nguyin Thi Thu Huong, 2013) hoac danh gid chung ve cdng tac ddo tao ciia td chiic, doanh nghiep (Le Chi Lan, 2013) Mgt sd nghien ciiu de cap den phuong phap ddnh gia cho mgt nhdm cdng vipc cu thi (Nguyin Nggc Hgi & Thai Van Thanh, 2009; Pham Van Thudn & Nghiem Thi Thanh, 2015) Sd lugng nghien ciin dinh lugng d Viet Nam vl anh hudng cua vide bdi duang den nang lyc 1dm vide rat it Trong do, Nguydn Minh Hd & Le Van Tiing (2014) da sii dyng mdu khao sdt 240 nhan vien ngdnh det may de phdn tich hdi quy vd dua den ket ludn ung hg cho phat hien cd tinh phd biln tir cac nghien ciru ciia nude ngoai: cac thdnh phdn cua khda ddo tao (ddnh gid nhu cdu, phuang phap, ndi dung dao tao) deu cd tac dgng tich cue den hieu qua 1dm viec cua nhan vien 2.3 Phuang phdp nghien cuu Md hinh nghien ciiu dinh lugng phan tich cac yeu td anh hudng den sy thay ddi nang luc 1dm viec va Hinh 1: Md hinh nghi£n ciiu dinh lupng phan tich cdc ylu tl anh huong dSn sy thay doi nang lire lam viec Nhom cac yeu to den tCr ca quan, moi miong lam viec Nhom cac y6ii tu den tCr ca nhan va gia dinh Nhom cac yeu i6 den iir bQi khoa duang nghiep vu So 239 thdng 5/2017 Sy thay doi nang lire lam viec Su- thay doi ket qua lam viec kinliiiy'hitltrjen ket qua cdng vide sau dugc bdi dudng nghiep vy dugc khai qudt Uieo sa nhu Hmh Trong md hinh nghidn ciiu, bien phu thugc dugc danh gid bSng tieu chi: Su thay ddi kit qud lam vide va sy thay ddi nang luc Idm viec sau tham gia cac khda bdi duang nghidp vu Kdt qud lam viec la su tdng hgp cua sd lugng ddu ra, chit lugng dau ra, tien dp thue hien, hieu qua va hieu suat hoan cdng vide (Mathis & Jackson, 2009) Tu khdi niem nay, nghien ciiu dl xudt thang cho sy thay ddi ket qud lam viec nhu sau: - Chdt lugng cdng vide cd sy cdi thien so vdi trudc tham gia bdi duang nghiep vy - Ket qua thuc hidn cdng viec chinh cd eai thien so vdi trudc tham gia bdi dudng nghiep vy; - Tien cdng viec cd su cdi thien, diu hoan diing va vugt thdi han kl hoach; - Lanh dao ddnh gid ket qud lam viec tdt ban sau dugc bdi dudng nghiep vu Trong qua trinh nghien ciiu, sy danh gia ciia ddng nghiep ddi vdi ket qua lam vide ciia ngudi hgc ciing dugc khdo sdt nhung chi dp dyng cho cdp tinh vd huyen nen khdng ghep dugc vao mdu phdn tich dinh lugng chung cho cap Trong nghien ciiu nay, tdc gid su dung khdi niem nang luc dugc nhieu tac gia su dyng vd phu hgp vdi each hieu thdng thudng Theo do, nang lyc Id sy tich hgp ciia nhidu thdnh td nliu tri thiic, ki nang, niem tin, sy sdn sang hoat dgng (Ddng TTidnh Hung, 2012; Nguyin Thu Ha, 2014; Hoang Hda Binh, 2015) Kanyaprin & Isara (2015) chi rd- Nang lyc lam vide Id cac hanh vi ciia ca nhan dugc ddi hdi bdi mdt td chiic Nd the hien cac tiem nang dp dyng kien thiic, ky nang va kha nang vdo cdng viec mdt each phii hgp bdi cdnh td chiic vd cdc tinh hudng khdng dn dinh Cdc nghien ciiu tren da ehi ro cdu true nang luc lam viec the hien d ba bd phan: kien thiic, ky nang/ phuang phap va thai lam viec Vi vay, nghien ciru ve sy thay ddi nang lyc lam viec deu phdi dya tren su phan tich day dii sy thay ddi ciia ca ba bd phan tren Nghien cim danh gia anh hudng ciia viec bdi dudng nghiep vy nen cac thang ciia nhdm kien thirc, ky nang va phuang phap lam viec dugc dua vao cac npi dung dirge cung cap bdi cac chuong trinh bdi dudng nghiep vii Hdi cac cip Cdc thang khdc dugc phat triln dya tren Bg Ndi vu (2014) vd cdc nghien ciru vira dk cap Cdc thang cu the cho nhdm nang lyc nhu sau: Sd2 dng 5/2017 - Sy thay doi ve kien thiic bao gdm thang do: Kiln thiic, thdng tin chung vl kinh tl - xa hgi; Kiln thiic vl chinh sdeh ludt ph£^ cd lien quan ddn Hgi Lien hiep Phy nir, den phy nir; Kien thiic ve Hgi Lien hiep Phy nii, ve phu nii; Kien thiic ve lanh dao, quan ly; vd mgt bien sd khdi qudt ve cdc kidn thiic can thiet cho cdng vide ciia ngudi hgc Ddi vdi cap tinh, cd sy chuyen mdn hda cao hon ndn cd them bien sd ve sy thay ddi vl cac kiln thitc chuydn mdn theo ITnh vuc cy thi cua cdc ban ~ Sy thay ddi ve ky nang, phuang phap lam viec dugc danh gid bdng 12 thang do, phan dnh cac ky nang co ban md ngudi hpc dugc tiep thu qua trinh bdi dudng Mpt sd ky nang cd su khdc bi$t giiia cdng chiic cac cap, bao gdm ky nang nghien cuu, ky nang ghi chep sd sdeh van dugc khao sat de phan tich thdng ke md td cho timg cdp nhung khdng dua vdo md hinh dinh lugng de phdn tich hdi quy - Sy thay ddi ve thai lam vide cua ngudi hoc dugc danh gid bdng thang do, phan anh nhiing khia canh khdc lien quan den thdi cdng chiic lam viec: sy ty tin, su hgp tac, tinh trach nhiem, sy sdng tao, sy nhiet tinh - gan bd va tinh chii ddng thyc thi cdng viec Nhdm cdc thang vl thai khdng cd sy khdc biet giira cdng chiic cap Ke thiia cd chgn Igc cac nghien cim trudc day (vi dy Herbert & edng sy, 1973; Mathis & Jackson, 2009), nghien cuu sir dyng va phat tiien nhdm yeu td CO ban tac dpng den sy thay ddi ket qua, nang luc lam viec cua mdi ca nhan: - Nhdm cac yeu td den tu co quan, mdi trudng lam viec: ddi vdi cap tinh va huyen, nghien ciiu sir dung 12 thang khac nhau, ddi vdi cdp xa cd thang duac lua chpn Ket hgp sd lieu cap, cd thang gidng duoc dua vao phan tich, bao gdm: (1) Van phdng, trang thiet bi, dieu kien co sd vat chat; (2) Che dp, chinh sdeh ve luang, thudng, thu nhap tang them ciia nha nude va co quan, (3) dugc cdng nhan tich, dugc giao trach nhiem cao ban, dugc tin tudng han; (4) cd ca hdi dugc thang tiln, phat trien ban than tdt hem nhiing nai khac; (5) co hpi de dl dao tao, bdi dudng nang cao trinh dp, nang lyc chuyen mdn; (6) hd trg day du kinh phi dao tao, bdi dirdng qua Uinh hpc tap - Nhdm cac yeu td den tir ca nhan vd gia dinh: Nghien cira dua vao sir dung thang cho cdp tinh, huyen va thang cho cdp xa; su khac biet chi la thang ve khoang each lii nha din nai 1dm viec klidng ap dung cho cap xd Cac thang Mm quan tdm din: Mdi quan he vdi chdng vd thdnh vien khacti-onggia dinh; anh hudng ciia cdng viec cham sdc, giao due cdi; dnh hudng cua cdc cdng viec gia dmh/ viec nha khdc; Tinhti-angtiiunhap cua gia dinh; tiinh dg chuyen mdn trudc vdo co quan; va mong mudn dugc Idm vide Imh vyc cdng viec hidn t^i - Nhdm cac ylu td ddn tii chuong trinh ddo tao, bdi dudng nghiep vu: day la nhdm ylu td dugc nghien ciiu quan tam nham ludng miic dg hdi long ciia ngudi hpc vdi cac khda bdi duong nghiep vu; vdi gid thuylt la cdc biln sd ndy se cd tdc ddng tich eye din sy thay ddi kit qud, nang lyc Idm viec ciia cdng ehire Nghien ciiu da sir dung 14 thang khac nhau, phdn dnh hiu het cdc khia canh ciia khda bdi dudng nghiep vy d cd cip: ngi dung ehuang trinh dao tao, gidng vien, co sd vat chdt vd cdng tac td chiie ddo tao Ngoai nhdm yen td quan trpng ke tren, nghien eiiu dua vdo md hmh cac bien kiem soat lien quan den tudi, kinh nghiem lam viec, bang cap chuyen mdn va co quan 1dm vide (vdi bien gid cho cap tinh vd cdp huyen) Ve kinh nghiem lam viec, cd bien sd cd the lya chpn la sd ndm lam viec tai Hgi va sd nam lam vi^c t^i vi tri hien tai Tren eo sd kit qua kilm dinh da cgng myen vd phan tich he sd tuong quan, nghien cira lya chgn sd nam lam viec tai vi tri cdng viee hien tai de dua vao md hinh Qud Uinh nghien cira dugc bit ddu thuc hien bdng viec phdt tiien khung nghien ciiu va bg cdng cu Sau do, nhdm nghien cuu tiln hanh khao sat tiiu dl ddnh gid chat lugng va hoan thien bd cdng cy Khao sat chinh thiic duge thuc hien tai tinh (Hda Binh, Hai Phdng vd Ha Giang) va giii philu cho cac hpc vien theo danh sdeh lap dugc to chirc giai doan 2012-2015 Vdi han 300 philu dilu tra dugc phat ra, sau kilm tra, loai bd cdc philu khdng hgp Id; da thu vl dugc 223 philu hgp le, bao gdm 54 philu cip tinh, 59 philu cdp huyen va 110 philu cdp xa Ben c?nh do, d tit ca cdc dia ban khao sat diu cd phdng van can bp lanh dao, true tilp qudn ly, danh gia kit qua, nang lyc 1dm viec ciia ngudi hpc Nghien cira su dung thang Likert vdi mirc dp cho cdc cau hdi danh gid vl sy thay ddi kit qua, nang luc lam viec ciing nhu danh gia vl cac ylu td anh hudng Cdc cau hdi kilm Ua cheo cac tir khda in dam, cac quy dinh ch^t che vl viec lua chgn phuang an va sy kiem Ua philu chat che la nhiing bien phap lam tang dp tin cay cua thdng tm thu thdp dugc So 239 thdng 5/2017 Kit qua nghiSn cifru 3.1 Kiem dinh dg tin cay Cronbach's Alpha Kit qua phan tich Cronbach's Alpha (CRA) cua bien phy thugc "sy thay ddi kit qua cdng vi^c" bang 0,851; h? sd tuong quan biln tdng ciia tung thang bien phy thugc deu dat tren 0,6 Kiem tra dg tin cay ciia bien phu thugc khac ve sy thay ddi ndng luc lam viec sau bdi dudng deu cho ket qud ddp ling vl tin cay vd he so tuong quan bien tdng Ddi vdi cdc yeu td dnh hudng, ket qua kiem dinh "nhdm yeu td den tii ca quan vd mdi trudng 1dm viee ciia ngudi hpc" cho gid tri CRA = 0,698 dap ling yeu ciu vl dg tin cay Tuy nhien, h? sd tuong quan biln tdng ciia thang do: (1) dieu kien co sd v^t chit vd (2) hd trg kinh phi ddo tao, boi dudng cila ca quan cd gid tri nhd ban 0,4 nen hi lo^ti khdi md hinh va ket qua chay CRA lan ddp ling mgi yen cdu vl dp tin cay ciia thang Nhdm ylu td dnh hudng din tir ca nhan vd gia dinh ngudi hgc: sau chay CRA lan thii nhat dua den he sd CRA chung Id 0,815 thda man dilu kien quy dinh Trong bien quan sat thugc nhdm nhdn td thi cd biln quan sat vd "bdn thdn dugc dao t^o bai ban, ddy dii ve ITnh vyc chuyen mdn" bi loai cd he sd tuong quan biln tdng nhd hon 0,4 Kit qua chay CRA Idn hai cho he sd CRA chung Id 0,832 va ca bien quan sat diu thda man dieu kien ve tin cay Nhdm yeu td den tir cdc khda bdi dudng nghiep vu ma ngudi hgc dugc tham gia Kit qud CRA lan va lin deu dap ling dugc dieu kien vl tin cay Sau Idn chay CRA thii nhdt, chi cd nhit biln quan sat ve "Hinh thiic hgc tap ket hgp giira hpc qua mang vd hgc true tiep" la bj loai gia tri CRA neu loai biln cao hon gia ti^ CRA chung 3.2 Kit qud phdn tich EFA Kit qud phan tich EFA Idn cd ma tran xoay, dya vao Eighen Value Idn hon da lao nhdm nhan td hoan toan phii hgp vdi cdch phdn nhdm tir ban ddu (Gerbing & Anderson, 1998); my nliien trdt tu nhdm va tiat tu cdc bien quan sdt mdi nhdm nhan td cung cd thay ddi so vdi tmdc Gid tn KMO la 0,91, dap ting yeu cdu Idn hon 0,7 nen phuong phap phan tich nhan td la phii hgp (Hoang Trong & Chu Nguydn Mdng Nggc, 2008); kilm djnh Bartlett eo y nghTa thdng kd, phu dinh gia thuylt H^; tdng phucmg sai trich dat tren 60% nen kit qua phan tich nhan td dugc chap nhdn (Gerbing & Anderson, 1998) Cac he sd tai nhan td (Factor loading) ciia cdc bien kinhlfJIialtrJpn Bing 1: Kit qua hii quy chuin hda OLS ve anh huAng den thay doi ket qua lam vijc Sir thay OM ket qui lim vi|c > K i t q u a l i m v i ^ •—~—_.,Bien ph^ thuoc T value T value HI so Bien d$c lap ~~~^ — _ Base 4,23 ?*•• ,037 ,590 Tuoi cua nguoi Iioc 39 ,700 ,025 327 ,059 TStnghifpDaihoc ,124 1,445 ,011 ,141 T6t nghifp Sau dai hoc Cac ylu tS tir Cir quan, moi ,126 1,868* ,141 l,87l* truemg li>m vice Cic ylu to tir C j nhan & gia -1,098 ,167 2,604" -.079 dinh Anh hudmg cua cac khoa Bdi -,113 -1,436 ,443 6,259*** duong ughilp vy So nam cong tac ct vi tri hien tai ,519 " 3,2"0l"»" ^ "a'ii r032"" Ljl can bO huyin ,000_j ,000 ,025 ,399 La can b§ tinh 010 ,147 ,068 ,927 R binh phuong diiu chinh 0,35 0,19 IGem dinh F 14,30«" 6,78*«« Nguon: linh todn cua tdc gid tu kit qud khdo sdt Ghichii *** muc y nghia thong ke I %: *" mirc y nghTa thong ke 5%, miccy nghTa thongke 10% quan sat deu Idn hon 0,5 nen ddm bdo y nghia thyc tien ciia EFA dieu kien cd mau la 223 (Hau & cgng sy, 1998) Tuy nhien, cd bien quan sat d nhdm nhdn td la: chat lugng phuc vu, co sd vat chat vd thdi lugng chuong trinh dugc tdi len nhdm nhung chenh lech nhd han 0,3 nen bi loai Tuong ty, bien quan sdt thudc nhdm nhan td la: mdi quan he vdi chdng vd cac thdnh vien Uong gia dinh, mong mudn lam cdng viec hien tai cung bj loai Chay EFA lan vdi nhiing bien quan sat cdn lai va cho kdt qud ddp ling dugc tdt ca eac dieu kien kiem dinh cua EFA Nhu vay, sau lan EFA thii hai, nhdm nhan td lien quan den khda bdi dudng nghiep vy cdn 10 bien quan sat, nhdm nhan td ve co quan, mdi trudng 1dm vide cdn bien quan sat vd nhdm nhdn td ve ca nhdn, gia dinh cdn bien quan sat Kdt qua hoi quy 4.1 Anh hudng cua cdc yeu td den su thay ddi kit qud Idm viec sau bdi dudng nghiip vu Bdng trinh bdy kdt qua hdi quy ve md hinh ciia bien phu thugc: ket qud lam viec va sy thay ddi ket qua lam viec Bien "Ket qud lam viec" la tmng binh cgng ctia ket qua xep loai cdng chiic nam tii 2012 din 2015 theo muc dp (tir 1-Khdng hoan nhiem vu den 4-Hoan thdnh xuat sac nhiem vy) Sy thay ddi ket qua Idm viec la tmng binh cdng ciia cdc biln quan sat (danh gia theo thang Likert mite dp) da dugc lua chpn dya vao ket qua kiem dinh d tren Cd thi thdy R^ md hinh hdi quy cac yen td anh hudng den ket qua lam viec kha nhd; chi cd bien tuoi va biln sd nam cdng tdc anh hudng tich cue, cd y nghia thdng ke din ket qua lam viec; cac biln cdn Sd 2J'' 'dug 5/2017 lai deu khdng ed y nghTa thdng ke Nguyen nhan co bdn cd le den tir thang bien phu thugc ket qud phan loai cdng chirc hang nam theo quy dinh chua phdn anh diing kdt qua, ndng lyc lam viec ciia can bg CJ md hinh thii hai, vdi bien phu thugc dugc tir danh gia cua ngudi hpc vd sy thay ddi ket qua lam viec, cd kiem chung vdi ket qua phdng van can bg quan ly cho he sd R^ va gid tri kiem dinh F cao han nhieu Tdc dgng cua cac yeu td den tii ca quan, mdi trudng lam viec; tac dpng ciia gia dinli vd bdn thdn cd nhan ngudi hpc; nhat la tac dgng cua cac khda bdi dudng nghiep vu cdng tdc Hdi deu rat tich eye, cd y nghia cao ve mat thdng ke Trong do, anh hudng tich eye tir khda bdi dudng nghiep vu la ndi bat nhdt he sd hdi quy va miic y nghia thdng ke deu cao hem nhdm yeu td eon lai He sd eiia cac bidn ddc lap ve Bang cap chuyen mdn, sd nam cdng tac va vi tri cdng tac cd gia tri duang nhung iai khdng cd y nghta thdng ke, 4.2 Kit qud hdi quy ve dnh hudng cua cdc yeu td den su- thay ddi ndng luc lam viec sau bdi dirdng nghiip vu Bang trinh bay ket qua hdi quy vdi ciing md hinh nhung cd sy thay ddi bien phy thudc Ket qud hdi quy cd md hinh ed su thdng nhat rdt cao cd nhdm yeu td anh hudng deu tac ddng rich cue, cd y nghTa thdng ke den sy thay ddi kien thirc, ky nang va thai dp lam viec cua ngudi hpc Trong dd, he sd phan dnh tac ddng eua cac khda bdi dudng nghiep vu den sy thay ddi nang luc lam viec la Idn ban va cd y nghTa thdng ke rdt cao Ben canh dd, sd nam cdng tac d vi tri cdng viec hien tai ciing thuc day su thay ddi nang luc Ngugc lai, nhirng ngudi dang l^inhiiVlliiillm Bang 2: Ket qua h8i quy chuan h6a v8 anh hirorng tin sir thay dSi nang luc lam viec ^ ^^^ Biln phu thugc Tuoi cua nguoi duoc khao sat T6t nghiep Dai hoc T6t ngtiiep Sau dai hgc Cic ygu to tir Cff quan, moi Thay dSi kiln thirc He so ,014 ,005 ,039 T value ,224 ,072 ,528 thay doi ky nang, H| phinmg p i ^ ^ ^ ^ Hes6 Tvaluel -,043 -,738 Thay dii thii d$ Hes4 -.010 T value -,186 ,257 4,002»«* ,258 4,205»*« ,341 5,973*** Cic yiu to tir Ca nhSn & gia ,172 2,805»" ,200 3,413««* ,177 3,251*" Cic yen t l tir khoa Boi duong ,281 4.156*" ,249 3,848»»» ,380 6,327*** 1,437 121 2,167" ,001 ,011 -1,402 -,127 -2,260" ,009 ,181 -.208 -3,493*" ,002 ,039 -2,925»*' La can bp tinh 0,41 0,46 0,53 R binh phuong dieu chinh 2l784*** 17,97"* "28,98*** Kiem dmh F Nguon: linh todn ciia tdc gid tir ket qua khdo sdt •cy nghTa thdng ki 10% Ghichii: *** muc y nghta ihong ke 1% "* mirc y nghia thong ki 5%: S6 nam cong tac o vi tri hi|n tai ,084 -,082 -,182 cdng tac d cdp huyen, nhdt la d cdp tinh lai cd thay ddi ehdm ban vl kien thuc, ky ndng Idm viec COng gidng nhu ket qua hdi quy d myc trudc, tudi va bdng cdp cua ngudi hpc khdng cd anh hudng gi den sy thay ddi nang luc lam vide Cd ba md hinh deu ed he sd R- eao han hai md hinh dau tien va cac gia tn kiem dinh F deu cd y nghia thdng ke d miic rat cao Dieu cho thdy su phu hop cao han ciia cac md hinh hdi quy phdn dnh edc yeu td tac dpng den nang lyc lam viec cua ngudi hpc Tat ca md hinh hdi quy deu cho ket qua ve he sd phdng dai phuang sai (VIF) khd nhd (dao dpng tir I den 2) va he sd Durbin-Watson xdp xi nen loai bd hoan toan hien tugng da cdng tuyen cung nhu tu tuang quan (Hoang Trpng & Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngoc, 2008) Ban ludn va ket luan Ket qua kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha va phan tich EFA cho mau khdo sat kJiSng dinh dp tin cay ciia cac thang va sy phii hgp ling dung ky thuat phan tich nhdn td cung nhu viec chia nhdm nhan td anh hudng din sy thay ddi ndng luc lam viec sau dugc boi dudng nghiep vu Bang ky thuat hdi quy chuan hda theo phuang phap binh phirong nhd nhit, kit hgp vdi cac ky thuat kiem dinh vl chat lugng md hinh; kit qua hdi quy iing hp ket iuan cua nhilu nghien ciiu trudc day vl tac ddng cua cac nlidm ylu td din sy thay ddi kit qua, nang luc 1dm viec Trong do, anh hudng tii cac khda bdi dudng nghiep vu din thay ddi nang lyc lam vice la rd rang \ a rdt cd y nghia thing ke, Trong dilu So 239 thdng 5/2017 ki?n cdc yeu td khac khdng ddi, nhiing ngudi danh gid cao khda hpc, tilp thu dugc nhilu kiln thirc, ky ndng, phuong phap tir khda bdi dudng da cd su thay ddi ket qud vd ndng lyc lam vide nhanh ban nhung ngudi khac Ben canh dd, nhiing yeu td quan trpng nhat den tu gia dinh (nhu dugc cac vien khac chia se cac cdng viec cham sdc cdi, ndi trg; kinh te gia dinh khd gia) va nhimg yeu td chu yeu den tii phia CO quan, mdi trudng lam vide eiing cd tde ddng thiic day ket qua lam viec va thay ddi nang luc cua ngudi hgc Nguge lai, bdng cdp, kinh nghi?m lam viec, vi tri cdng tdc dudng nhu khdng cd y nghia nhieu den sy thay ddi nang lyc lam viec; tham chi, nhiing ngudi Idm vipc d cap tinh va cap huyen lai cd su thay ddi nang lyc cham hem nhdng ngudi lam vice d cap xa Nguyen nhan chu yeu cua sy khac biet xudt phdt tir viec cdn bd cdp tinh vd huyen dugc tham gia nhieu khda bdi dudng khac nhau, cd nhiing ndi dung mong ty nen khda bdi dudng nghiep vu cdng tac Hdi gidm bdt y nghta ddi vdi hg Ket qud nghien ciiu cung cung cd cho cac ly thuyet ve tao ddng lyc, thay ddi nang tuc lam viec; do, vai trd ciia ddo tao, bdi dudng nghiep vu mdt each thudng xuyen la vd cimg quan trpng ddi vdi mpi can bd, cdng chiic Ben canh do, de danh gia khoa hpc, cd he thdng ve ket qua, hieu qua eiia dao tao, bdi duang, cac co sd ddo tao va cac td chiic can phat trien ddy du cac cdng cu va thyc hien danh gid dinh ky d ca cap dp theo ly thuyet da rat phd bien dugc phat trien bdi Kirkpatrick Kinlile.J1)iil Tdi Ufu tham khao Bd Npi vy (2014), Cdng van so 4524/BNV-DTve viec Hudng dan thuc hien cdng tdc ddnh gid chdt luang ddo tgo cdn bg cdng chuc, tmy cap 25 thdng 10 nam 2016, < http://thuvienphapIuat.vn/cong-van/Bo-may-hanh-chuih/ Cong-van-4524-BNV-DT-2014-huong-dan-danh-gia-ehat-luong-dao-tao-boi-duong-can-bo-cong-ehuc-256989 aspx> D^ng Thanh Hung (2012), 'Nang lyc va giao dye theo tiep can nang lyc', Tgp chi Qudn II Gido dgc, 43,18-26 Fakhra A., Muhammad M., Akhtar S (2014), 'Impact of training on teachers competencies at higher education level in Pakistan', ResearchersWorld -Journal of Arts Science & Commerce, 5(1), 121-128 Gerbing D.W & Anderson J.C (1998), 'An Update Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporing Unidimensionality andlis Ksses^vR.erAs', Journal of Marketing Research, 25, 186-192 Hair, J.F Jr., Anderson, R.E., Tatiiam, R.L & Black, W.C (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, 5* edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Herbert H., Richards D., Slocum JR (1973), 'Organizational Climate and the Effectiveness of a Human Relations 'YiammgYrogcwa', Academy of Management Journal, 16(2), 185-195 Hoang Hda Binh (2015), 'Nang luc vd danh gia theo nang lire', Tgp chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Su pham thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, 21-32, ngdy tmy cap 25 thang 10 nam 2016, tu Hoang Trpng & Chu Nguyin Mpng Ngpc (2008), Phdn tich dit lieu nghien cuu vai SPSS, tap 2, NXB Hdng Diic, 31 Jeanne E.M , Wu T, & Nepumeceno C A (2001), 'The effect of training on multicultural counseling competencies: An exploratory study over a ten-year period', Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29 (1), 31 -40 Kanyaprin T, Isara T (2015), 'Influence of Uaining and knowledge management on competency among quality managers at Rajbhat universities in Thailand', /ourna/ of Psychological and Educational Research, 23(2), 54-72 Kirkpatnck, D (1998), Another look at evaluating training programs, Amencan Society for Training & Development Le Chi Lan (2014), 'Danh gia chucfng trinh dao tao theo yeu cau ciia ngudi sii dyng lao dpng', Tgp chi Gido dgc, 305(0,29-30 Mathis, R L & Jackson, J H (2009), Human Resource Management, Mason, OH, USA: South-Westem Cengage Learning Nguyin Minh Ha & Le Van Tung (2014), 'Tac dpng cda dao lao den hieu qua lam viec ciia nhan vien nganh det may' Tap chi khoa hoc Trudng dgi hgc Md TPHCM, 3(36), 92-109 Nguyen Ngpc Hgi & Thai Van Thanh (2009), ' V l quy trinh danh chat lirpng boi dudng gido vien', Tgp chi Gido due 224(2), 9-11, Nguyin Thu Ha (2014), 'Giang day theo nang luc va danh gia theo nang luc giao due: Mot so van de ly luan co ban', Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Nghien cuu Gido due, 30(2), 56-64 Pham van Hung & Nguyin Thi Thu Huong (2013) 'Ddnh gia chuong trinh dao tao va mpt sd de xuat ve bp tieu chuan danh gia chuong trinh dao tao d VietNam', Tgp chi Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe, 103(03), 85-89 Pham Van Thuan & Nghiem Thi Thanh (2015), 'Danh gia giang vien theo nang luc lam vice va ket qua thyc hi9n nhiem vy phu hpp vdi vi tri vice lam cac tmdng dai hoc cong lap Viet Nam', Tap chi kiwa hoc Dai hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi 3\(2), 40-49 Seema S (2016), 'Impact and Effectiveness of Corporate Training Programs through Industry Academia Tie-Ups', Journal of Commerce (fe Management Thought, 7(2), 309-319 Tracey J., Hinkm T.R , Mathieu J (1997), 'The influence of individual characlenslics and the work environment of varying l^y^^^ of training outcomes' Academy of Management Proceedings 97,210-214 S6;.' titdttg 5/2017 91 hliili li'J'lial Irifii ... dudng nghiep vu den sy thay ddi nang luc lam viec la Idn ban va cd y nghTa thdng ke rdt cao Ben canh dd, sd nam cdng tac d vi tri cdng viec hien tai ciing thuc day su thay ddi nang luc Ngugc... vdi cdc thdng tin kiem tra cheo Do ludng sy thay ddi hdnh vi cua ngudi hgc cdn ddi hdi su hgp tdc va ky nang cua ngudi qudn ly Cdp (Kit qud): ludng sy thay ddi ve ket qua cua td chirc nhiing nhdn... Idng ddi vdi khda hoc (cap 1) vd nhimg thay ddi da xay ve ket qua lam viec va nang lyc chuyen mdn ke tu di hpc ve (cap va 3) Cap dp (Hpc tap): ludng sy thay ddi ve thai dp, kien thirc, ky nang