Nguồn lực sinh kế của hộ gia đình huyện thoại sơn, tỉnh an giang

SCIEHEE S TECimiiM DEIEIIHIEIIT, mi I7, HQ.IIWIIH Ngu6n lyc sinh ke cua ho gia dinh huyen Thoai San, tinh An Giang V6 Van Sen TrtFcrng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nh&n van, DHQG-HCM Tneong Quang Hal • Bui Van Tu3n Vi^n Viet Nam hoc va Khoa hoc Phat triln, DHQG Ha Ngi T6M TAT: Bii ViSt phSn tich c^ ngudn luc sinh kS vA v$n dung nghiSn cijv tnitmg hap huySn Thoai San Kit qua xtr /y s6 li^u nghiSn ciru dinh luvng, thdng qua khao sat diSu tra b^ng bang h6i seen sSn va cac nguSn tai ii$u thSng ka kinh tS - xa h^i hhng nam da ducrc sir dung d§ danh gia vi thuc tang va vai trO cac nguin iuc sinh ki cua cac hS gia dinh Ot huyin Thoai Son; nghian ahi dac diim cac nguin luc (ngudn nhan luc, vin xa hii, vin tu nhiSn, vin vat chit va vin tai chinh), tiip can nguin ivc va chiin iuvc sinh ki Chit luang ddi sing cua ngutri dSn da rJinpc d^nh gia qua cac ySu tS chlnh nhu Ihu nh$p nha d, tian nghi sinh ho^t, si/ Ihay d6i mirc s6ng va d&i s6ng tinh than Tran ay sO xac dinh nhQng nhan t6 IhuSn loi va can trd h^ gia dinh tiSp can cao ngudn luc phat triSn kinh kS hS da dua nhung giai phap nang cao sinh l ddi ro ret Ve giao didng dudng bp cd tu\en tinh lg 943 ndi tir Ihanh Long Xu>en di qua cac tlii tran Phii Hda, Niii Sap, 6c Eo den hu\en Tri Tdn \-a noi theo tinh lp de dl Tinh Bien va Chau Ddc Trong thdi gian qua bJng nhilu nguon kinh plii, Thogi Son da dau tu nang cap \a mo rgng he thdng giao thdng ndng thdn Toan hu> en c6 486 km dirdng ndng thdn da dugc be tong va nhira hda, 255 km den dudng ndng thdn Da xay dung 122 cau s3t \'a be ldng, da co ban xda xong cau van tren cac tu> In chinh rir huypn den cac xa dap ling dugc nhu cau di lai ciia nhan dan Ve giao thdng dudng thiiy cd kenh Thogi Ha ggi la kenh Rgch Gia - Long Xuyen, keo dai theo hudng Tay Nam, ngang qua chan Niu Sgp tiep vdi song Kien Giang dl bien Tay tai ciia bien Rach Gia Ngoai ra, hp thdng k&nh rgch chiing chich hang nSm cdn cung cap rapt lugng phu sa Idn cho dat dai Thogi Son them mail md Do nam \'ung Tii giac Long Xuyen, chiu 5nh hudng true tiep cua clie ddng chay sdng Cuu Long, vdi nguon nudc nggt phong phii, cd lugng phli sa doi dao nen d3t dai mau md, hgu ndng am quanh n^m thich hpp cho su phat Uien s^n xuat ndng nghipp da dgng Tat ci cac ap deu cd dipn, ty le hg sir dung dien dal gan'94,5% toan huyen cd 14 nlia van hda/17 xa th) Uan, trang thilt bi am thanh, anh sang, nhgc cu dupc Uang bl du dl phuc \-v cho cac hogt dpng ciia cac \a, he thong tmyen 17/17 xa, thi tran Vl j te din cuoi nam 2012 da \a\ dung radi \a dua \ao su dung cac cdng uinh trgm y ll xa, thi tran nhu Ta\Phil, Phti Hda Binh Thanh, Drah Thanli, 6c Eo, Vgng Ddng Dinli My [7] Nhin chung hp thong trudng hpc, Ugm xa, chp ndng thdn, nha vSn hoa Ihdn,, da dap ling du nhu cau hpc tap va kham chiia benh cho nhan dan nang cao chat lugng siic khde the chat \a Unh than ciia cpng ddng Trong sto xuat ndng ngluep, ^lec img dung cac san pham khoa hpc cdng nghe dugc ndng dan ap Trang 4B dung rpng rai \-a dau tu co gidi hda nong nghiqp dupc tinh xep hang diiu vdi cac logi may gJt Ma hgp, d\mg cu sg hang, cac ca so say liia \a may gjii xep day Tren dia ban huypn dugc tinh chpn xay dung trgi gidng liia qui md san xuat tren 80 cung d p mdi nam hang tram tan liia giong chat lupng cao cho ca viing [8] Ngoai cd cac cau Igc bd ndng dan to chiic x3 hgi hda nhan giong liia d^t tieu chuV chit lugng xuat khau va hang nSm cung cap Iiia giong cho ndng dSn loan huyen Theo kit qud khdo sat djnh lupng ve cac hg gia dinh cd su dung thiet b( may mdc sim xuat ndng nghipp tgi huypn Thogi Son cho thay ngudi dan dS sii dung cac logi may mdc vao san xuat n6ng nghiep de nang cao nMiig su^t, chat lugng, d$c biet loat may mdc sir dyng nliieu la may Ctiy, mdy bom nudc, ghe xnong chuyen chd, may xdi, may tu6t liia Ngudl ddn sir dvmg cac logi may mdc tren phyc vv s^ xuat nong nghiep tir tmdc nhirng n ^ 2000 vd thdi gian gdn ddy, Trong sdn xTiat nong ngliiep ngudi dan dja phuong da so sii dimg cac cdng cv hodn toan co gidi chilm (37,9%), hodc CO gidi hda mpt nira (26,1%), chl c6 (3,9%) so nhfmg ngudi dupc hdi sir dyng thuan tiiy siic ngudi Nhiing gia dinh cd nghl phu, ty 1? gia dinh cd sti dvng may mdc Id (13,2%), ty lp ldn nguiri dan khdng sii dung mdy mdc phuc vy cdng viec chilm (86,8%), Trong so nhiing gia dinh cd sir dyng mdy mdc cho vipc ldm nghe phu, cd (66,6%) m^ mdc ngirdi dan mua mdi nguyen, mua lgi Id (25,0%), ngudi dan khdng nhd ro mua may mdi hay mua igi chiem (8,4%) Ngudn v6n tai chinh (nguon \'6n): Nhirng klid khSn ^"e tdi chinh lam cho khd nang \'ucm len aia kmh te hO bl gidra sut Muon cai thien dupc kmli te ciia cdc gia dinli, vipc tang dau tu nhdm md rpng quy mo sdn xuat, tdng nang sudt va chat lugng sdn p h ^ Id mgt nhu ciu lat yeu Vdn la yeu to quan trgng cd vai trd quyet dfnii sdn xuat kuih doanh va lieu dimg cua mpi d6i higng tham gia sdn xuat Ket qud khdo sat ve tinh Ilinh \'ay von Idm dn d cac xa tiiupc hi^-pn Thogi Son TAP GUI HAT TiyEII KHgCII, TJP17 stf X4-ZD14 !| i^ ^ ™ ' ^ " ' ^ (ô.ã"'ã) hPng s i nhiing hd gia dmh dupc « » i » vay v i n d i lam an, ttong ddcd (55,6%) khdng vay von U Nguin vay v i n cua nguM dan ctai yin tu ngan k " " ^ « ^ ' " ' " ' - ft* liai til quy tin dung (27,2%), ngoai ^^ ngudi dan vaj vdn til duan, tti nhan, ngudi Uian, Jl J«"l'=.'lPmttii nhnngchiimlylekhongcao,ttiy J, k t a n s phdi ttd lai suat ntamg ehi vay dupe s i tiin lit it voi thdi gian ngan d i ptaic vu chi tieu stoh hoai " " f c mat chii khdng dap dug dupc nhu clu cho sdn i! xuat j| t'a s i ngudi ddn hiyeuTlioai Son, vay v i n til cac jj nguon de dau til vao hnh vuc ning not (58,8%) Mot ^ b i phan ngudi dan vay v i n d i mua ttang Uiiit bi ^ (17,6%), phdt ttien chan nudi (14,7%) jj Vay v i n d i d J u tti vao nhimg liUrnic ein Uiiit la ! nhu cau cda nhiiu hp gia dtah Cd 17,0% nong s i J nhdng ngudi dupc hdi cho biit ho lit cin vay v i n • nIJa, 32,7% cin vay v i a Chi cd 10.1% nd ldi khong , can vay von Mpt b i p h j n ngudi ddn chua quyil dmh : cd vay v i n hay khong kM dupc hdi v i vin di I Vdi ninh dp dan tti nhu hien viec lap huin su ; dung dong v i n cho cd hieu qua Id mdt nhu ciu ,| quan ttpng va cin Ouit Viic Uiudng xuyen md cac ldp ISp huin klin Uiuc sii dung vin sau vay cho ^ hp gia dinh ftuc su la nhan to h i ttp cd tac dpng Uch ,j cue din hiiu qua su dung vin cda mpi nhdm h i ^ Nguin lvc tai chtoh dupc coi nhu la mol ddn biy I gop phin phat huy cic nguon luc klidc Ty le h i chon I vay vin dii vdi Ngan hang Chmh sfch Xa hoi lit thip, dieu eho Uiiy kha nang tiip c(n cac nguin I v i n chlnh Uiuc ciia ho dta vin cdn han chi Kel qud j nghien cita cda cac lac gii cho Uiay, cfc nhta ti tah ! hudng din nhu ciu tin dpng chmh ttnie cda cac h i ! gia dmh la: tttoh d i hpc vin cua chd ho, si Uitah viin oong gia dinh, loai ho \ i i c tham gia li chiic xa hpi loai htoh nghi nghiip cua hp B i i vdi so h cac I hp gia dinh ngupi Cham d Thoai Son till cac nhta to tah hudng din nhu cin ttn dung chmh Unic Id ttinh hoc vin cua chd hp, s i Uianh viin ttong ho, dien tich dat cda hd, Ioai hp ngheo va Iham gia sta viiil ndng nghiip Nguin luc tac dong den slnb ke ciia ngudi d t a huyen Thoai Son Dudi tae ding eua cac nguin lpc sinh k i cua cong ddng d t a cu huyen Thoai Son ndi chung da cd sp tiiay d i i sta sic Sii tiiay dii vua tren goc vt mo tota huyen nhung ding ftdi vira tten gdc dp Vl md cna ttlng hp gia dinh Su thay d i i dd cd tlii nWn Uiiy qua chit lupng cupc song va dtah gia cua ngudi d t a ve su thay dii miic sing cda cac ho gia dinh d Thogi Son Viec su dimg cac nguin lvc phta tah ting hpp qua ftpc ttang smh k i va muc sing cna dta cu Hien cd nhiiu nin ehi di danh gia chit lupng cupc sing cda mpt cpng ding Nhimg tten ehi dupc xay dung tiiy ftupc vao mdi quic gia, djc diim lap q u i i ning cda mdi cong ding dta eu Song cac tieu chl chii yen xoay quanh viec ftda ma» nhu ciu vi ddi spng vat chit va nhu eiu v i ddi sing ttnh Uiin cua ngudi Bdi sing tinli Uiin la sp Uida mta v i nliu can hoc hdi ntag cao ttmh dp tti Uiuc, nhu ciu vudn den cai chta ftieu my cua ngudi Nd duoc fti hien qua cfc hoat ddng giai tti vui choi, ll hoi fti due fti ftao Dpi sing val chil la sp ddp ling v i cfc phmmg ttin val chit smh hoal hing nhu nhi cua, phuong tien smh hoal, cac ftiit bi tien nghi dong gia dtoh B i dtah gia vi chil Iuong cuoc sing cna cong dong dta cu huyen Tiioai Son, nghien ciiu klido sal cac tiiu chi vi loai nha d, cac phupng tiin smh boat ttong hd vd nhta dinh vi cuoc s i n g Thu nhdp: Nguin ftu nhjp chinh cua cfc ho gia dinh ttong khao sat hi ndng nghiep chiim tdi (73,9%) (13,1%) ttong si nhiing ngudl cd ftu nhiip clunh tir ltai nghi dich vu^uon b t a luong/php cip Mot so ngudi cd ftu nhap chmh tir lim ftuy sta 16 ho, chiem 5.2% Ben canh dd, nhiiu ngupi eung di am ftue cho cfc nha may, xi nghiep, co sd sta xuil, lam h, de cd ngnin ftu nhap chhih chiim 1 % Nguon ftn nhap chtoh cna gia dinh hita nhin i=ilL^??j!^?lJi^^i^™intaiMOO Ngnin Urn Trang 41 scacEMMiiiLitiMM™?^^ „Mp hien na> va inroc nam 2000 clu yin vln ti, uing not Itting lua ran nau cdc losi) toy i t e n ly le taen m^ cao hou so vol mroc nam 2000 (69.3% so X 0148.4%) (bang I) Thu nhap luen nai til lam cong nr la (13.7%) midc nam1 :2000 la (7.5%) Thu nhiip tir budn bta - dich « taen na> (12.4%), cao hon midc niim 2000 (6.2%) Mil si lid cd ttai nhap tu nudi iring tliuy san, danh bil hoac chan nuoi gia sue gia cam Xltdd day la mot yiu to lil quan npng ttong cuoc sing, noi de gia dinli cu ttii, noi di did cung 16 tten va cung la diu chi dau tten de dtah gia finh htoh kinli li dia mii hd Vdi kel qui diiu tta cho tiii) lv li nha kien CO bta kien ci ttag Ita 52%, nha don so giam Btag Nguin ftu nliap chmli cda cac h i 11% (biiu d i I) Su tfc ding fich cpc ciia \ i ^ thuc taen til cfc chu Inrong ctanh saeh ciia Nhi nudc da tao diiu kien cho ngudi dta huyen Thoai Son 1101 chung va cong ding dta tic ngudi Ctiamv& cfc gia dinli thuoc dien hi ngheo dupc eip nha, chuong uinh cpm myin dan cu Mipt lii xay dungiilia Dai dota kil nlia finli tiiuong nlia linh nghia Loai nha d chu yiu cua ngudi dta dia phudng li hrdng gach mai tdn cluim tdi 55,2% loai nlia rail ting mpt mil la 13,4%, nrpng gach mil ngdi U 11,8%, loai nhi til tang ttd len chi co 3,6%, mptsi h i edn xay nha bing ttrdng dat mii tdn (8,2%) gia dinh liien va ttudc nam 2000 (%) Hien 69.3 Truwc 2000 Nuoi Irons thu> san, danh bat 5.9 3.9 Chan nuoi gia sug, gia cam 7,5 6^ Ti^u thu cong nghiep ChebiSnncina thm san 1,0 0,0 Luong hiiu Ha cap chmh sach Buon ban-dich \y 2,9 12,4 0.0 0,0 0.7 Chofliuenha cua hans Lam cong cho khu cona nghiep 0,3 0,7 13,7 Nguon thu nhap Trong trot {lani lua, rau, mau eac lodi) Lam cong ttr 48.4 6^ 0,0 0.3 7.5 (\gr„^n Kh qua khao sdt ilidng 5/2014 Hll hiiy^ii Thoai Son, An Giang) Bleu Loai nha ciia ngitcn dan (%) l\'giion Kit qua khan salihang 201-1 Igi hnyen Thoai Son, An Giang) TW CB PrtT m i E l K H W , T j P 17 itf »4-2D14 Tien ngW stoh boat: Phuong ttin smh hoal la mpt ttong cac yiu 10 tiida rata nhu ciu ttiet yiu cua cupc sdng Niu „b„ lij ^ ^ jjjjj^ ,jj ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ tiin smh hoat tin chil lupng cupc sing cda hd dd dupc nang eao va ngupc lai Sd « u tiling ke sd lupng d i dimg stoh boat ttong gia dinh cua ngudi dta d huyen Thoffl Son, cho ttiiy da sd ugnoi dan da cd (by du cfc dnng ttong gia dtoh de phuc vp nhu cau cho sinh hoat v i sta xuit hang Cd loai d i dimg cd nhiiu gia dmh su dung 2, chiic nhu: giuOTg ngd, b t a ghi, n VT, quat may, xe gin mav ndi com dien, dien Uioai b t a va dien tiioai di ding 23,7% hp cd bip gas, 6,8% hp cp tii lanh, 55,9% hp CO dau d a va 8,5% hp cd may may Nhiing phupng tien giup cho viic smh hoal nong gia dmh Uuita nin bon Nhm Chung, phmmg tien sinh boat ttong gia dmh cda i^udi dta \ i n cdn thiiu tiioiL Theo kit qua khao sat dinh lupng cbo Uii\- phin Idn ngudi dta diu nhta dinh \-i cupc sing hipn tai tit hon so vdi nudc Tuy nhien mpt \ i n d i rat dtag quan tam la v t a cd mpt s i hp nhta djnh cupc song hiin lai kem ban so vdi ttudc diy Phin Idn sd ho Uaipc nhdm ho nghio, khdng dal sta xuil tiiiin Uiin phuong tipn hd trp sta xuil fcinh dpanh nen cupc sing gap rat nhieu kbi k h t a Danh gia \ i muc song: Phin Idn ngudi dta diu nhta muc sing cua gia dmh mmh so vdi cfc gia dtoh khfc d dia phumig d muc nung btoh, chiim ldi (78,8%) Ty le h i giiu cd chi (8,5%), hp ngheo la (7,2%) (bieu d i l ) Bieu Muc song cua hp gia dtoh (Nguin: Kil qud khdo sal Ilidng J 20Hla, htiyen Thogi San An Giang) 2.0% 2.3% , j ^ / ^ DTangmaft O Targ d a ll ONluca o Glim cuu It 68.6% Bilu dJ Muc song cua h i gia dtoh hien naj so vdi nudc nam 2000 (-\ doi hon so Vffi mroc nam 2000, mpt s6 mjl ngiroi dan tha> co to doi n h i k mot s6 tha> doi iL nhung da mang I31 cuoc sdng dioai ma) hon cho hp so vm mroc nam 2000 fio7 sdng nnh Ihdn- Khi kinli te gia dinJi pliat tnen mirc song dugc nang len cuoc song du