Thực trạng xây dựng văn hóa gia đình ở thành phố hồ chí minh hiện nay

I*.' _ I R U O N G B A I H Q C S U P H A M T P H O CHl MINH HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION l - M - l T«P CHi KHOA HQC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN; KHOA HQC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN 1859-3100 TJp 14, S6 (2017): 158-170 SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES V „ l ,4 f^ j gom 158170 Email- lapcltikhaihodgliamie.eduvn: tfebstle: hnpMckh.hcmue edu.vn \JTH\rC TRANG XAY DV*NG VAN HOA GIA DINH THANH PHO HO CHI MINH HIEN NAY Nguyin Kiiu Tiin Ngiy Tda so^n nt)$n tJUpc b^r 03-11-2016: ngiy phin bi^n d^nh gii- 21-11-2016 ngdy chip nh$n OSng- 22-02-2017 TOM TAT Bdi bdo di cap thyc trgng xdy dyng vdn hda gia dinh (VHGB) d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) nhdng ndm gdn day Ben cgnh nhieng thdnh tuu dgt dwgc nhu: phong trdo xdy dung "Gia dinh van hda " ngdy cdng nhdn rgng, cdc chuc ndng VHGB dugc ddm bdo thyc hiin va cd nhieu tien bd— thi vdn ton tgi nhiiu hgn che nhu: tinh trgng bgo lyc gia dinh, ti 10 li hdn cao , do, viec xdy dyng VHGB a TPHCM Id rdt quan trgng vd cdp thiit Tit khda: gia dinh, v^n hda, van hda gia dinh, Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh ABSTRACT The reality of building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City The article discusses the reality of building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City in recent years Besides achievements such as the widespread movement of buiding "Civilized family", committed civilized family fuctions and progresses, there are still some shortcomings such as damily violence, high divorce rate, etc.; thus, building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City is essential and urgent Keywords:femily,culture, family culture Ho Chi Minh City Mddau Trong tien trinh lich sft nhdn logi, gia dinh (GD) cd mdt vi tri va vai trd dgc bift "GD Id te bao cfta xd hdi Id cdi ndi than ydu nudi duSng cd ddi ngudi, la mdi trudng quan trpng giao dye nep sing va hinh thdnh nhan edch" [3, tr.233] GD cdn la noi tidp nl^n, ke thfta vd chuyen giao nhiing gia tri truyen thong cua dan tpc tft thi ndy sang thi hf khdc GD Id cai glc cua ngudi, ngudi bdt ddu tft GD; do, vdn hda ngudi cung bdt ddu tft VHCJD vd mang dam ddu dn cfta VHGD VHGD Id nen tang cua vdn hda quan hf gifta cae vien GD va gifta GD vdi bdn ngodi VHGD gift vi tri quan trpng su phdt trien xa hfi; do, xay dung VHGD cd y nghTa chiln lupc ddi vdi su phdt triln chimg ciia moi quic gia, dd cd Vift Nam TPHCM vdi vi tri Id trung tdm kinh te, chinh tri, vdn hda ldn ciia cd nude Sy phdt tridn cua Thdnh phi (TP) ddng gdp rat ldn cho su phdt triln chung cfta cd nude, Trong nhftng ndm qua, cdng tdc xdy dyng VHGD d TP dd dgt nhilu thdnh tyu nhdt dinh, GB ngdy cdng tien bp ve nhilu m§t Tuy nhien, nhieu hgn chl vdn cdn tdn tgi ngudi, vdn hda xa hpi VHGD chi phoi mdi qud trinh xdy dyng VHGD, trd • Tru'6'ng Dgi hpc Sir phgm TPHCM; Email: nguyenkieutien90@gmail.com 158 TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Kieu Tien can lyc cho sy phdt triln GD, phdt ttiln cfta "Todn dan dodn ket xay dyng ddi song vdn TP Do do, xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM hda" Cung nhu cac tinh thdnh khdc hifn Id vdn de cdp thidt ca nude, vdn de VHGD ludn dupe Ddng bp Quan nifm vl van hda gia dinh TPHCM quan tdm xdy dyng Sau hon 20 Hifn nay, dd cd nhieu each hilu, ndm trien khai thuc hifn cupc v|in dpng each li gidi khdc ve khdi nifm "vdn "Todn dan dodn kit xay dyng ddi sing vdn hda gia dinh" tfty theo gdc df tiep c ^ cfta hda d khu ddn cu" (1995-2016) vd hon 15 tftng ngudi, tftng bf mdn khoa hpc Tuy ndm phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xay nhidn, cd thi ndi: "VHGD la mpt dang ddc dyng ddi sdng vdn hda" (2000-2016) tt^n thu cfta vdn hda xd hpi bao gom tdng thi dia bdn TPHCM da phdt triln deu khdp vd cac gid tri, chuan myc, cdeh hdnh xft cfta lan tda din tgn co sd; nhieu md hinh mdi, xa hfi md cdc vidn cfta GD cftng tidp nhilu gidi phdp hay tft thyc tidn phong trdo nhgn de ftng xft vdi GD vd dupe nhdn rfng [12] ngodi xd hfi" [4, tr.261-262] Trong phong trdo "Todn ddn doan kit Thyx tr^ng xay dung van hda gia xdy dyng ddi song vdn hda", phong trdo duih d TPHCM hifn xdy dyng "GD vdn hda" ludn gift vi tri cdt 3.1 Nhitng thdnh tuu xdy dvmg ldi, nln tdng, chi phdi hdu hit cdc tieu VHGD d TPHCM chuan vdn hda khdc d gdc df GD Phong (i) Phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xdy trao xdy dyng GD vdn hda cua TP dd thu dyng ddi sdng vdn hda " vd phong trdo xdy hftt ddng ddo cac cdp, ngdnh, tdng ldp nhan dung "GD vdn hda " dgt dugrc nhiiu thdnhddn tham gia Trong nhftng ndm qua, cufc tyu vd ngdy cang nhdn rgng vdn dfng ndy dd dgt nhieu thdnh tyu to ldn, Mft nhiing thdnh tyu ldn dupe phdn dnh qua sd lifu cfta Ban chi dgo xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM phdi kl din todn dan xdy dyng ddi sing van hda d co ddu tien dd Id kit qud cua phong trdo sd nhu Bang sau ddy: Bdng S6 hg GB dgt danh hieu "GD van hda " (2008-2013) Nim S6 h$ ding ki Sb h$ dft 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1.111.397 1.144.711 1.171.967 1.221.381 1.230.445 1.281.087 974.971 1.015.553 1.052.379 1.088.982 1.122.044 1.166.764 Ngudn:[9] 159 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnj'dng OHSP TPHCM Ngoai phong trdo xdy dyng "GD vdn hda", cdn cd rdt nhieu cufc vdn dpng dupe thyc hifn ling ghep nhu: cupc v§n dfng "xdy dyng GD khdng, sgch" (khdng ddi nghdo, khdng cd ngudi vi pham phdp lugt va tf nan xa hpi, khdng cd bgo lyc GD, khdng sinh thft ba, khdng cd tre suy dinh dudng vd bd hpc; sgch nhd, sgch bep, sgch ngd) Thdng qua cdc cudc vgn ddng nay, VHGD d TPHCM dd dgt dupe nhftng chuyin biln tich cue vl nhidu ni|it Ngoai ra, TP cdn day manh thyc hifn cdc dl dn truyln thdng cua Thft tudng Chinh phu va Bf Vdn hda The thao vd Du Uch: Dd dn "Tuyen truyln, gido dye dao dftc lli sdng GD Vift Nam" giai dogn 2010 - 2020; Ndng cao chdt lupng hogt dfng d 10 dp thupc xa Nhon Dftc vd xd Phft Xudn, huydn Nhd Be; ftng dyng npi dung tuydn truyen cfta de dn vdo hogt ddng dia phuong Thyc hifn long ghep vdi npi dung D I dn "Gido dye trifu bd mp nudi dgy tot": tuydn truyln d co sd nfi dung tdi lifu "Giao tiep iing xft vdn hda ddi sing GD" va "Giftp cha m? nudi dgy tit" (ddnh cho cha mp cd Ifta tudi vi thdnh nidn) [ U ] Nhu v^y, tyu qud trinh thyc hifn phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xdy dyng ddi sdng vdn hda" ma trpng tam Id phong trdo "GD vdn hda" gdp phdn Iam cho cdng cufc xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM dgt nhieu thdnh qua t i t dpp, dung dinh hudng, vfta gift gin nhihig gid tri tot dep cfta truyen thing vfta tilp thu nhftng gid tri hifn dgi Cd the thdy cdc tidu chl de dgt GD 160 Tgp 14, So (2017): 158-170 vdn hda Id nhiing chudn myc ca bdn nhdt cfta VHGD (ii) Cd nhieng ddi mdi mdi quan hi gida cdc thdnh viin GD GD Id mft xa hpi thu nhd, dd tdn tgi nhidu mdi quan hf gifta cdc vien nhu quan hf gifta vp chlng, gifta bl mp vd cdi, gifta anh - chi - em d TPHCM, GD hgt nhdn la kilu GD phi bien, dd hai mdi quan hf ddng chu y nhdt la mdi quan hf vp - chdng; cl^ m? cai Dilm bli biit mli quan hf vp chdng GD d TPHCM dd la mftc dO gia trudng thdp, tinh binh ddng cao so vdi cdc khu vyc khdc nude Vai ttd, dja vi cfta ngudi phy nft, ngudi vp ttong GD dupe ndng Idn rd rft Ddc diem ndy xuat phdt tft chinh dilu kifn kinh tl xd hfi, d$c bift la sy tac dfng ciia mdi trudng dd thi cdng nghifp Ddy Id mpt ddc diem nli bgt ttong VHGD d TPHCM, dd ciing \i thdnh tyu, la xu hudng tiln bf ttong xay dyi^ VHGD tren dia bdn TP ndi rieng v4 cd nude ndi chung Sy binh ddng dd dupe thi hifn qua mpt s l vdn de sau: Trudc hit, vai trd lam chft GD dd cd nhung thay ddi nhdt djnh Neu nhu vdn hda cfta GD truyln thing Vift Nam ndi chung vd d^c bift Id ttong GD theo md hmh Nho gido, thi ngudi ddn dng chinh Id try eft GD, Id ngudi chft ttong GD d TPHCM, dupe hdi "Ngudi lam chft ttong GD dng (ba)/ anh(chi) la ai?", cd 62,13% i kiln cho rdng ngudi chft ttong GD la ca hai vp chdng (xem Bilu dd 1) TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tm^ng DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Kiiu Tien Bieu Ti li liia chgn ngudi ldm chu GD (%) CHCGIADINH • Ch6ng • Vv "Cahai Kit qud ttdn cho thdy ttong nhilu Sy binh ddng ttong mli quan hf vp GD d TPHCM, quan nifm ve ngudi ldm chlng d TPHCM Id thdnh qud cfta mft qud chft GD da cd it nliieu sy thay ddi Ngudi trinh dau tranh xda bd sy bdt binh ddng chft GD khdng chi la vp hodc Id chong md gifta nam vd nft Tuy nhien, cdn nhgn thftc ca hai vp chdng sS cftng Idm chft GD minh rdng tgo sy binh ddng ttong ttd ldi Ddy Id xu hudng tiln bp, xudt phdt tft sy cho cdu hdi "Ai Id ngudi chft GD?" chft phdt trien mgnh me cua dilu kifn kinh t l khdng the xda bd vai trd ngudi chft GD xd hpi, tft cdng cupc gidi phdng phy nft Trong GD phdi cd ngudi ldm chft thi mdi khdi nhftng rdng bupc cfta xa hpi tnrdc dd cd tt^t ty ki cuong, khdng thd mudn ldm Trudc day, ngudi chlng s5 dT la try cpt cua gi thi Idm Nip sing vd trgt ty, bfta bdi cfta GD vi hp Id ngudi mang lgi nguon thu cdc thdnh vidn sd phd vo sy hda thu$n, em nh^p chinh cfta GD Ngay nay, phy nft dmcuaGD cung cd the di Idm, thgm chl cd thu nhgp Kit qud khdo sdt cho thdy sy binh cao hon ngudi chlng, thay ddi v l quan hf ddng cfta moi quan hf vp - chong ttong GD kinh te, dd giftp thay ddi dia vi xS hfi ciia d TPHCM cdn the hifn ttong vifc sd hOu ngudi phy nft, ngudi vp ttong GD mpt sd tai sdn ttong GD (xem Bdng 2) Bdng Ngudi dicng ten gidy td sd hieu mgt sd tdi sdn GD (%) STT TM sin NhadSt Co so SX kinh doanh Ot6 Xem4y -^zr^ SP 59 Chong Ti 1^ % 25,32 SP 39 Tz Vy Tilf% 16,74 SP 135 ^ , "ã Ca hai Ti 1ô % 57,94 35 35 14 14 51 51 39 60 48,75 27,91 11 39 13,75 18,14 30 116 37,5 53,95 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tm-dng DHSP TPHCM hdu hdt cdc logi tdi san, ngudi sd hftu Id cd hai vp chdng, vdi nhd ddt Id 57,94% ca hai vp chdng cftng dftng ten, CO sd sdn xudt kinh doanh la % vd ddi vdi xe mdy Id 53,95% Kit qua ndy chiing minh rdng ttong nhilu cdng vide quan ttpng cfta GD (mua nhd, kinh doanh ), ngudi vp cftng ddng vai ttd quyet dinh Phdn ldn nhftng cdng vide quan ttpng deu dupe dua bdn bgc dan chft vd dupe ca hai vp - chdng thdng nhat Khi dupe hdi "Ai la ngudi phy trdch chinh cac cdng vifc sau cfta T&pl4, S6 (2017): 158-179 GD dng (ba)/ anh (chi)", cd 42,98% cho rdng vp chlng nhu cftng la dgi difn GD lam vifc vdi chinh quyln Cdn ddi vdi vide hp hang, vifc tang, tifc cudi cd 81,28% cho rdng vp chong nhu Mac dft chiem ti If cdn thdp nhung cQng cd 21,7% cho rang cdng vifc nfi trp vp chdng nhu Ddy cung Id mft budc tidn ttong qud trinh xay dyng moi quan hf binh ddng gifta vp chlng it TPHCM, ttong cdng cupc gidi phdng ngudi phy nft khdi than phgn "ngudi day td chinh" (xem Bieu dd 2) Biiu dd Ngudi phu trdch cdc cdng vi?c cua GD (%) 44.26 ll \ achoog Binh ddng gidi vira la van dl ca ban cfta quyln ngudi, vira la ydu cdu vd sy phdt tridn xd hpi mpt cdeh cdng bdng vd ben vftng, ddc bift ttong ddi sing GD thi sy binh ddng gidi cdng quan trpng Trong cdng cufc gidi phdng phy nft, nlu GD la mdi trudng binh ddng thi s@ la dpng lyc to ldn de phy nft cd the ddu tranh ngodi xd hfi Mli quan hf binh ddng la mft gid tri tiln bp md ttong qud trinh xdy dyng VHGD ttTjng giai dogn tilp theo TPHCM 162 nil I cdn phm phdt huy Mli quan hf ciing khdng kdm phan quan ttpng xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM Id mdi quan hf gifta cha m? vft cdi Trong cdng tdc xdy dyng VHGD d TP, vifc xdy dyng mli quan hf cOng dgt dupe nhieu thdnh qua thi hifn qua sy chuyin bien ttong tftng GD Con cdi van ydu thuong, kinh ttpng cha mp, chdm ngoan, dgt (xem Bilu 3) TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnfdng OHSP TPHCM Nguyin Kieu Tien Bieu dd Ti li qiryin lua chgn cua cdi mdt sd vdn di (%) \L IL IL il Cbon Inibag Quan h{ bfo M • BdmQlvachon • Bilu dl cho thdy cd 83,83% cho biet ttong GD, cdi ty lya chpn bgn bd; 68,94% cdi ty lya chpn cdeh dn m^c, vd 80,85% cdi ty lya chpn hinh thftc vui choi, giai tri Nhu v|y, cd thi thdy, cdi dupe quyen quyet dinh mpt so vdn dl cua ban than, md khdng cd sy dp d$t cfta cham^ Trong nhilu GD, cdi dupe bdy td ^ kiln, dupe tham gia vdo cac cdng vifc chung Kit qud dilu tra cho thdy cd 68,51% cdi dupe hdi ^ kiln mua sdm tai sdn ttong GD, 33,62% dupe hdi ^ kiln ttong cdc hogt dfng sdn xuat kinh doanh vd ttong vifc phan chia tdi sdn cd 19,57% cai dupe hdi y kien Kit quattdndd chftng minh phdn ndo mli quan hf gifta cha mp vd cdi cdc GD d TPHCM dd dli mdi theo hudng tdn trpng ty cd nhdn, cdi dupe gdn gfti, trao dli tdmtinhthudng xuyen vdi cha m? (iii) Bdn sdc vdn hoa ddn tgc dugc giie gin vd phdt huy qud trinh xdy d{mg VHGD d TPHCM Bdn sdc vdn hda dan tpc la nhftng gid tri ddc bift dupe vim ddp qua lich sft tdn tgi vd phdt triln cua mft cfng ddng ddn tpc, tgo ndn ndt dfc ddo phdn bift dan tpc dd vdi dan tpc khdc [1] O thdi dgi ndo vdn hda GD cftng la nln tang cho vdn hda x3 hpi, VHGD la bp phgn co ban hinh thdnh nen bdn sdc vdn hda truyln thing ddn tf c GD se Id noi tiep nhgn, kd thira vd chuydn giao nhftng gid tri truyen thdng tdt d^p cfta ddn tf c, tft thi hf ndy sang the he khdc Thdng qua vifc thd cftng td tien, le tit, GD d TPHCM nhdc nhd, gpi nhd, truyln dgt cho cdc thd hf chau ve nhihig gia trj vdn hda truyln thdng cfta ddn tpc Cac hinh tiiftc ll - tit Id nhftng smh hogt vdn hda tmh thdn Id gia phong gia ll, phdn anh nhiing gid tri truyen thing cfta dan tpc 163 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Trir&ng BHSP TPHCM Tap 14, S6 (2017): 158-170 Bing Ti !^ cdc hogt dgng cling ll dugc thftc hiin GB (%) STT Cdc ho^t d$ng cung le Gio 16 tien Tet Doan Ng9 Ng&y rSm, mung mOt Giao thira Trung thu RSm thang Bay Ngiy 23 thdng Chap Co SP 212 131 130 191 67 110 113 TilfVo 90,21 55,74 55,32 81,28 28,51 46,81 48,09 SP 23 104 105 44 168 125 122 , KhSng Ti l | % 9,79 44,26 44,68 18,72 71,49 53,19 51,91 Nhu vgy, cd the thdy rdng nhftng gid tr) tot dep ciia vdn hda dan tdc ve co bdn vdn dupe gift gin ttong cdc GD d TPHCM Truyln thing vdn hda ddn tdc bdt ddu tft VHGD vd dupe till hifn ro ttong VHGD Chinh vi the VHGD ddng vai ttd quan ttpng ttong vifc gift gin vd phdt huy bdn sdc vdn hda truyen thong dan tpc Do do, xdy dyng VHGD la mft yeu cdu quan trpng ttong tiln trinh phdt triln cfta TP ndi rieng va cd nude ndi chung ndng cfta VHGD tgi TP dgt nhieu hifu qud tich cyc, ddc bift Id chftc ndng kinh te Cdng tdc chdm lo, phdt trien kinh te GD \k mpt nhihig vdn dl ma TP rdt quan tdm TPHCM Id dia phuong di ddu cd nude ttong xda ddi, gidm r ^ d o Trai qua cdc giai dogn, mftc chuan hf nghdo dd tdng Idn, dilu dd cho thdy mftc song ngudi dan phdn ndo dupe cai thifn Giai dogn 19922003 Id trifu dong/ngudi/ndm d 12 qu^n nfi thdnh vd 2,5 trifu ding/ngudi/ndm d 10 qugn, huyfn ngogi Giai dogn 20042008, mftc chudn hf nghdo Id trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm, khdng phdn bift till, ndng tiidn Ddn giai dogn 2009-2015, TPHCM tilp tyc ndng chudn ngheo len 12 trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm [10], Cdc (H) c6 hodn cdnh khd khdn tiiupc difn hp nghio, GD chuih sach dd dupe tgo dilu kifn vay vdn thodt nghdo, timg budc dua ti If hf ngheo TP gidm ddn hdng ndm (iv) Vi4c thirc hi$n cdc chiec ndng cua VHGD dugc ddm bdo vd cd nhiiu tiin bd Vdi vi tri Id trung tam kinh tl hdng dau cfta ca nude, vifc thyc hifn cdc chftc TP hodn thdnh muc tieu giai dogn (2009-2015) trudc thdi hgn hai ndm vdi tic dp gidm ngheo tuong ddi cao (binh qudn 1,6%/ndm), va tilp tyc thyc hifn cdc Ngodi thd cftng to tien, bang khdo sdt tten cung cho thdy, cdc GD d TPHCM cdn thyc hifn mft s6 hogt dpng ciing ll khdc, nhu: cung giao thfta vdi ti If Id 81,28%; tet Doan Ngp 55,74%; ngdy rdm, mung mdt 55,32% Nhihig hogt dfng cung ll la luc GD, hp hang cd dip qudy qudn bdn nhau, chia se vdi ttong bdu khdng am cftng, la mdi tnidng vdn hda Idnh mgnh dl GD tiiyc hifn chftc ndng giao dye ciia minh 164 Nguyin Kiiu Tiin TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnrdng OHSP TPHCM chuong trinh giam nghdo tilp theo theo 2003 Id 5,65% din ndm 2012 da gidm tftng giai dogn Cung chinh nhd chuang xudng cdn 3,71%, binh qudn hdng ndm trinh "Xda ddi giam nghdo" ma nhilu GD giam 0,2% Ti If cdc c§p vp chlng sft dyng d TPHCM da trd ndn khd gid, cd dieu kifn bifn phdp ttdnh thai hdng ndm dgt khodng chdm sdc GD hon Thuc hifn chuong trinh 80% dd sft dyng bifn phapttdnhthai Gidm nghdo, tdng hp khd, ndm 2014, TP dd hifn dgi dgt khodng 70% Ben cgnh dd, tu huy dfng 3.504,194 ti ddng, tdng 672,646 tudng trpng nam khinh nft, muon sinh ti ding so vdi ndm 2013, ttong tSng vln ttai cfing cd chilu hudng giam, dilu dd tin dyng Id 130 ti ddng, tdng chi ho ttp cac dupe chftng minh phdn ndo qua ti s6 gidi chinh sdch khdng hodn Igi Id 542,646 tl tinh sinh gidm ddn khoang cdeh chdnh ding Nam 2015 Id 3.531,894 ti ddng, tdng Ifch, ndm 2003 Id 123 be ttai/100 be gdi, 27,7tiddng so vdi ndm 2014 [8] ndm 2012 la 106 bdttai/100be gdi [7] Cdng tdc kl hogch hda GD cftng dd Trong chftc ndng td chftc ddi sdng dgt nhidu thdnh tyu, vifc sinh dupe GD phdi kl ddn dd Id vifc td chftc biia com quan tam tft giai dogn thai cho GD (xem Bilu 4) Nhdn mgnh din tdm din sinh vd nudi dudng din tnidng quan ttpng cfta bfta com ddi vdi ddi sing thdnh GD Tdc gid Tft Gidy nhgn dinh: "Sy tan rd Tdng kit 10 ndm thyc hifn chuong cua GD thudng bdt ddu tft sy tanrilcfta bfta an GD truyln thing" Bfta com GD Id smh trinh muc tidu quic gia Ddn sl - Kl hogch hda GD tft ndm 2003 din ndm 2013, TP da hogt vdo mft thdi diem nhdt dinh hodn thdnh xudt sdc cdc myc tidu Ddn sl - ngdy md mpi thdnh vien ciing ngoi dn vdi Ke hogch hda GD dh Theo sl lifu cua d mft khodng khdng gian ndo dd theo t y ban nhdn dan TPHCM, ti sudt sinh tiid If thirdng Trong bfta com, cdc giam tft 15,80% ndm 2003 xuIng cdn vidn GD sg cd dip tdm tu ttd chuyfn, 14,03% ndm 2012 Ti If ttd sinh Id thi hifn tinh cdm keo son gdn bd thft ted len gidm deu hdng ndm, ndm Biiu dd Ti 1$ mice dg thvc hi$n cdc bda cam GD (%) ll I L I Quin Qu^nT • Thudng xuy£n Huyfn CO Chi • it thufrng xuyfin Ct3qufn,hu TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tni'dng OHSP TPHCM Bilu dd cho thdy ttong cdc mftc dp tiiuc hifn bfta com GDtiiimftc "thudng xuyen" chilm ti If cao hon Tuy nhien, mftc df "it thudng xuyen" cung chilm ti If khdng nhd, dgc biet d khu vye ndi thdnh (Qu§n 3) Bfta com GD rdt quanttpng,bdi vi biia com mang gid tri vdn hda to ldn, chinh bdi no ngudi tgo ra; Id mpt gid tri vgt chat nhung chfta dyng tinh thuong ydu va mang chftc ndng gdn ket mpi thdnh vidn ttong GD Didu dd nhdc nhd moi vidn, mli GD cdn phdi cdn bdng gifta cupc song GD va cdng vifc dd cd thi tri dupe khdng gian sinh hogt cua GD Khdng gian dy sd Id mdi trudng ddutidngido dye nhan cdeh moi ngudi, la noi binh yen nhdt sau nhflng bdn bl, lo toan cfta cupc sdng Nhu vdy, nhung thdnh tyu dgt dupe ttong xdy dung VHGD Id thdnh qud cfta mft qud ttinh xdy dyng lau dai, vupt qua nhilu khd khan, thach thftc cfta Dang bp vd Nhdn dan TP Sy phdt triln ngdy cdng vupt bgc cua TPHCM chinh la sy van dyng sftc mgnh nfi sinh to Idn tft VHGD 3.2, Mpt s6 hgn chi xdy d^g ThM gian 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 T^p 14, So (2017): 158-170 VHGD d TPHCM Ben cgnh nhilu thdnh tyu ldn, xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM ttong nhftng ndm qua vdn cdn mft sl hgn chl nhdt dinh Do la: (i) Tinh trgng bgo lyc GD vd li hdn vdn cdn xudt hiin mgt bg phgn GD a TPHCM Viet Nam, Ludt Phdng, chlng bgo lyc GD nam 2007 da dinh nghia: "Bgo lyc GD la hanh vi cl f cftatiianhvidn GD gay tin hgi hodc cd kha ndng gay tdn hgi vl the chdt, tinh thdn, kinh tl ddi vdi cdc vidn khdc ttong GD" [5] Bgo lyc GD khdng cdn don thuan chi Id hdnh vi danh ddp ngupc ddi vd till xdc, vl tinh than; bgo hdnh ttong tinh due; bgo lyc kinh tl md cdn Id hanh vi phgm tpi nghidm ttpng Trong nhftng nam qua, TP dd tich cyc ttong cudc ddufranhphdng chdng bgo lyc GD Tuy nhien,tinhtrgng ndy van cdn xdy ttong nhilu GD vdi rdt nhieu hinh thftc bgo lyc khac nhaU Sd lifu thing ke cfta Uy ban nhan dan TPHCM vd sd vy, hinh thftc bgo lyc GD dupe trinh bdy d Bdng sau day: Bdng Sd vu vd hinh thdc bgo l^cc GD Hinh thi^c bjo lore GS Tong s6 B^o lyc B^o lyc vy bao l|ic GB tinh dye tinh than thSn the 130 364 188 173 486 280 396 257 HI 74 237 152 121 38 71 B^olyc kinhte 44 28 24 10 Nguon: [9] TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tni'dng OHSP TPHCM Nguyin Kiiu Tien Theo kit qud dilu tta ciia chftng tdi, lift ke mudi hinh thftc bgo lyc GD thi cd 9/10 hinh thiic bgo lyc GD xudt hifn, ttong dd hinh thftc bgo luc chlng ddnh vp chilm ti If Id 24,26%, chong mdng chiii vp Id 22,55% Cd till tiidy, phy nft van Id dli tupng chftih cdc vy bgo lyc GD Chi cd 4,26% nhung cung la mft ddu hieu ddng bdo dfng vdi hinh thftc bgo lyc Id cdi ddnh cha mp, anh em ddnh la 15,74% Day Id nhthig hinh tiiftc bgo lyc cd xu hudng xuat hifn cdng nhilu xd hpi vd gdy dnh hudng rdt ldn vifc gift gin tdn ti tr^t tyttongGD (xem Bdng 7) Bdng Cdc hinh thuc bgo l\cc GD da xdy trin dia bdn cu tru (%) Co Khong STT Cdc hinh thue bao lire GS SP Ti If % SP Ti 1$ % Ch6ng ddnh vgr 57 24,26 178 75,74 Vgr danh chong 19 8,09 216 91,91 Vg mdng chijri chong 52 22,13 183 77,87 Chdng mdng chui vg 53 22,55 182 77,45 Con cdi ddnh cha m? 10 4,26 225 95,74 Cha m^ ddnh cdi 33 14.04 202 85,96 Chdu ddnh dng bd 0,85 233 • 99,15 Anh em ddnh 37 15,74 198 84,26 Vg khong muon nhimg phdi 234 99,57 0,43 quan h^ tinh d\ic Ch6ng khdng muon nhung 100,00 235 0,00 10 phdi quan h^tinhdye B ^ lyc QBdlid bit ki hinh thiic ndo ciing dl Ip nhiing tdc d$ng tieu cyc ddn siic khde vd thi chat, tinh thk khdng chi cua nan nhdn ma cdn ddi vdi cdc thdnh vidn khdc GD; tdc dpng tidu cyc ddn lyc lui?ng lao dgng, hoat ddng kinh te cua GD, trdi ngugc vdi truydn thdng tdt d?p ciJa vdn hda ddn tgc, VHGD CCmg vdd bao lyc GD, tinh tr?ng li hdn d TPHCM da dnh hudng khdng nhd den cdng tdc xay dyng VHGD Theo dinh nghia Luiit Hdn nhdn GD nam 2014: "Li hdn Id vifc chim diit quan hd vg chdng theo bdn dn, quydt djnh cd hi?u lyc phdp Iu$t cia Tda dn" [6, tr.lO], mjt tich cyc, Ii hdn giup vg chdng "gidi thoat" cho nliau khdng thd hda giai nhu Ph Angghen timg ndi: "neu tinh yeu dd hodn toan phai nhat hojc bj mgt tinh yeu say ddm mod dt di, till li hdn se Id dieu hay cho cd ddi bdn cOng nhu cho xd hdi" [1, tr.I28] Tuy nhien, rdt nhidu h? qua tir vide Ii hdn nhu sy dau khd cua vg, chdng trade that b?i hdn nhan, gdy nhiing ed sdc tdm II njng nd, ldu dai, ldm ddo ldn cudc sdng GD; djo bidt, U hdn dnh hudng den vide thyc hifn chftc ndng gido dye GD Td Im GD bi tan va dl Idm ndy sinh tdm trying 167 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tru'dng OHSP TPHCM budn chdn, bdt dinh vd khdng tin tudng vdo ngudi ldn cua ttd em Dieu dd thuc day cdc em tim den bgn be dl gidi khudy Va chinh dilu ndy Id mdi tiiidng thufn lpi dl trd vi thdnh nidn thyc hifn nhftng hdnh vi tidu cyc, hanh vi phgm tfi Sd vy li hdn d TPHCM tdng nhanh; nam 2000 cd 5871 vy li hdn tiii nam 2005 Id 7984 vy va ndm 2007 Id 8734 vy, nam 2014 xet xft 1964 vy Cd thi thdy, s l vy li hdn ed gidm so vdi trudc day song s l dd van cdn cao Li hdn du vdi bdt eft II ndo cfing dl lgi nhung hdu qud ddng tiec cho GD vd xd hfi, dnh hudng rat ldn den vifc xdy dyng VHGD Do dd, TPHCM cdn cd nhftng bifn phap tich cue ngan chdn vd ldm gidm nhiing vy li hdn (ii) Mgt sd GD d TPHCM vdn cdn tinh trgng bdt binh ddng gida cdc thdnh viin GD Mdc dft tinh chdt binh ddng v l mil quan hf vp - chdng ttong cdc GD d TPHCM ngdy cdng till hifn rd, nhung vdn cdn t i n tgi tinh trgng bdt binh ddng ttong quan hf vp chdng d mpt so GD tgi TPHCM Trd ldi cho cdu hdi "Ai ldm chft GD?", nlu so sdnh gifta cac y kiln chpn vp ho|c chpn chlng thi cd din 32,77% lya chpn Id chlng, frong dd chi cd 5,11% chpn vp Nhu v^y, mft thyc te dien Id van cdn t i n tgi frong nhieu GD d TP sy bdt binh ddng gifta vp va chlng, rut ngdn sd ndy la nhifm vy cdc giai dogn tilp tiieo ciia TP Cftng vdi dd, kit qud khdo sdt Cling cho thay cd 72,77% •y kiln lya chpn la vp, chi cd 1,28% lya chpn Id chlng trd ldi cho cdu hdi "cdng vifc npi trp 168 Tgp 14, S6 (2017): 158-170 GD phy trdch" Cd thi thdy, ttong nhieu GD cdng vifc nfi ttp van ngudi vp ddm nh|n, dieu ndy mft phan cung xuat phdt tft chinh tam II cam chiu cfta ngudi phy nft Ldm thi ndo d l phdt huy y kiln "vp chlng nhu nhau" vd logi bd tu tudng m§c nhidn vifc npi trp la cfta phy tsSt Id mft ddi hdi rat bftc thiet Nlu khdng thyc hifn dupe dieu dd se tgo mft sy "bdt binh ddng mdi" frong GD Khdng chi thi hifn frong moi quan hf vp - chlng, sy binh ddng cdn till hifn frong mli quan hf gifta cha m$ - cdi Tdn trpng quyln ty ddn chft cd nhan Id dilu lu|lt phdp quy djnh va ddi hdi mpi cdng ddn phai chdp hdnh, la mft nguyen tdc xdy dyng GD hifn dgi d nude ta Nhung sy ddi hdi vl quyln, lpi ich, ty cd nhan cua cdi cd tnidng hpp dd bi ddy ldn thdnh chft nghia cd nhdn Ich ki til su thilu hilu bilt cua trd Trd ldu Idng, choi bdi, ludi hpc, di vdi bgn xau, sa vao cdc tf ngn xd hpi, cha mp mdt kilm sodt cdi, nhiing y kien cua cha m? khdng dupe cdi xem frpng, tilp thu, tdn ti tr§t ty frong GD bi ddo If n Quan hf gifta cha mp - cdi GD cdng thdng, thieu gdn kit Kit qud khdo sdt cd 4,26% cdi ddnh cha mp - Id mft so bdo dfng Mft so y kiln cho rdng xa hfi dang xudt hifn mft nhdm ngudi "hai It, mft nhieu" (con it, It didu kifn cham sdc ma chi cd nhilu tiln) TPHCM Id dd tiii phdt tiiln kinh tl xd hpi bdc nhat cd nude, vi thi thyc trgng frdn dang la xu hudng ttong cdc GD d ddy Sy tiiay ddi ndy sS dnh hudng khdng nhd TAP C H ! K H O A HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM ddn vide thyc hifn hf gid tri chftc nfing cfta VHGD tgi TP (iii) Mgt bd phgn GD d TPHCM chua chd trgng tham gia cdc hogt dgng cgng ddng Vifc tham gia cdc hogt dong cfng ding cd vai ttd rdt ldn dli vdi cdng tdc xdy dyng vdn hda ciia cdc GD Thdng qua cac hogt dpng ndy, mSi thdnh vien ttong GD vd cdc GD cd didu kifn ttao ddi, giao luu v l Nguyin Kiiu Tien mpi m^t tri, thi, ml dl hodn thifn bdn thdn, tidp thu nhihig gid tri mdi, gdp phdn xdy dyng GD ngdy cdng tien bp, van minh Tuy nhien, mpt van dl dang quan tdm Id mft bp phdn GD d TPHCM cdn thieu quan tdm din cdc hogt dfng cfng ding Kit qud khdo sat cho thdy cd tdi 69,36% GD "It tiiam gia", "khdng bao gid tiiam gia" Id 7,66% (xem Bang 8) Bdng Muc dg tham gia cdc hogt ddng cdng ddng ciia cdc GD (%) Miiivdd it tham gia Thudng xuyen Khdng bao gid Bdngy Sd phieu 163 54 18 Kltlu|n Trong bdi cdnh ddi mdi dat nude hi?n nay, vdn de xay dyng vdn hda GD TPHCM cang cdn dugc quan tam Trong nhihig ndm qua, TP dd d^t nhidu tyu ndi b^t xdy dyng VHGD, ddd song vjt chdt vd tinh thdn cua cdc GD ngdy cdng dugc ndng cao Trong GD, mdi quan h? giiia cae thdnh vidn ngdy cdng ddn chil, binh ddng trdn eo s6 tdn trgng lln nhau; GD cd y thiic giii gin bdn sdc vdn hda ddn tgc, phat huy cdc gid trj trayen thdng; chdm lo phat tridn kinh te GD, nudi dudng, gido Ti l | % 69,36 22,98 7,66 Khdng ddng y Sd phieu 72 181 217 Tilf % 30,64 77,02 92,34 dye cdi; td chuc cdc hoat dgng kinh te vd vdn hda nhdm nang cao ddi sdng vjt chdt vd tmh than cho GD Tuy nhidn, bdn cgnh nhiing tyu dat dugc thi TP ciing cdn mdt sd h ^ chd cdng tdc xdy dyng VHGD Do do, dd thyc hi$n tdt cdng tdc xdy dyng VHGD thdi gian tdi, TP can chii ^ gidi quydt nhfing vln dd thyc tiln djt flieo Ig trinh nhat djnh, xdc dinh rd nguydn nhan gay hgn che de khdc phyc cOng nhu tiep tuc phdt huy nhOng thdnh tyu dd dgt dugc T A I L I $ U THAM KHAO C Mac, Ph Angghen (2004), Toan tgp, tip 21, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Npi Dang Cdng san Vift Nam (1998), Van Itifn Hgi nghi lan tUt ndm Ban Chdp hanh Trung uang khoa VIIU Nxb Chinh tii Qudc gia Ha Ngi Ddng Cdng sin Vi^t Nam (2013), VSn llifn Bgi hgi Dang Ihii ki CtSi mdi va hgi nhgp, Nxb Chinh ni Qu6o gia, Hd Npi Hpc vi$n Chinh trj Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, Khoa VSn h6a Xi h§i chd nghTa (1997), VSn hoa xd hgi chii nghia (tgp bai giang), Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, Hd Npi 169 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tru'dng OHSP TPHCM T^ 14^ s6 (2017): 158-170 Quic hfi (2007), Lugt Phdng, chdng bgo lyc gia dinh Quic hfi (2014), Lugt Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh ndm 2014, Nxb Chfnh trj Quic gia Ha Nfi Oy ban nhan dan Thdnh Hi Chi Minh (2013), Bdo cdo Tdng kit 10 ndm thyc hiin Phap Hnh ddn sd (2003-2013), so 122/BC-UBND, 03 thang nSm 2013 tly ban nhan dan Thdnh Ho Chf Minh (2013), Bdo cdo Tong kit Chuang trinh Gidm ngheo, tang hd khd thdnh giai dogn (2009-2015) vd Phuang hudng, myc tiiu, nhiim vy, gidi phdp tiep tyc thyc hiin Chuang trinh hai ndm 2014-2015, so 211/BC-UBND, 30 thdng 11 nam 2013 tly ban nhan dan Thanh phi Hi Chi Minh (2014), Bdo cdo sa kit ndm thyc hiin Lugt phong, chdng bgo lyc GB cda Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh (2008-2013), sl 182/BC-UBND, 14 thang 10nam2014 10 http://nld com W http://svhtt.hochiminhcity.gov.vn 12 https://www vhttdlkv3.gov ... nhgp, Nxb Chinh ni Qu6o gia, Hd Npi Hpc vi$n Chinh trj Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, Khoa VSn h6a Xi h§i chd nghTa (1997), VSn hoa xd hgi chii nghia (tgp bai giang), Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, Hd Npi 169 TAP... thdy cd tdi 69,36% GD "It tiiam gia" , "khdng bao gid tiiam gia" Id 7,66% (xem Bang 8) Bdng Muc dg tham gia cdc hogt ddng cdng ddng ciia cdc GD (%) Miiivdd it tham gia Thudng xuyen Khdng bao gid... tiiyc hifn chftc ndng giao dye ciia minh 164 Nguyin Kiiu Tiin TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnrdng OHSP TPHCM chuong trinh giam nghdo tilp theo theo 2003 Id 5,65% din ndm 2012 da gidm tftng giai dogn Cung chinh